Management of the social sphere in the municipal economy. Fundamentals of management of the social sphere of the municipality

20.09.2019

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

"AZOV STATE HUMANITARIAN AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE"

municipal government in the social sphere

Introduction	3
	6
	6
	7
1.3 Mechanisms for the implementation of municipal social policy	9
1.4 Interaction between public administration bodies and local self-government bodies in the social sphere	13
2 Municipal management of the main branches of the social sphere	18
	18
	22
	23
2.2.1 Analysis of the labor market in the municipality Shcherbinovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory	28
2.3 Municipal management in the field of education	34
	38
	42
2.4.1 Analysis of the implementation of the national health project in the municipality Shcherbinovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory	51
Conclusion	58
	61

Introduction

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the social sphere, wherever the policy is carried out - part of the state policy, which by its actions alleviates the negative consequences of individual and social inequality, socio-economic upheavals in society. State regulation of socio-economic relations, being one of the prerequisites for the economic development of society and a special form of management, acts as the most important component of the economic policy of the state.

Complex, conflict-prone problems modern world cannot be solved by purely technological innovation and economic means.

The implementation of social functions assigned to the state is carried out through a system of legislative and executive authorities at the level of the Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities.

The study of social phenomena and processes is carried out all over the world. Only through research and the creation of a management system is it possible to ensure the satisfaction of the social needs of society. It is a clear strategy for managing the social sphere and social processes provides a solution to the economic and social problems of the development of society.

The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that underestimation of the role of social management is especially dangerous in a transitional economy, since it is a powerful means of reviving crises, resolving conflicts arising from ongoing transformations in the economy.

The management of social processes and the social sphere at all levels of government is a complex system. An integrated system of social policy is the activity of the state, society to coordinate the interests of various social groups and socio-territorial communities in the sphere of production, distribution and consumption.

The fundamental law of our country, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, fully reflected in its articles the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is a social state. The goal of the reforms being carried out in the country is to build a socially oriented market economy. The social policy of the transitional period is characterized by the fact that it is formed in the conditions of the historical combination of the processes of complete renewal of the state and society. Passivity, disorganization, social lack of structure serve as a breeding ground for distortions of social policy towards uncontrolled and unresponsive actions of the authorities. The main objectives of the social policy of the state on present stage socio-economic development of Russia are:

Creation of conditions for every able-bodied citizen, allowing him to maintain his own well-being through labor and enterprise;

Strengthening targeted social support from the state, primarily for poorly protected groups of the population;

Implementation of comprehensive measures and special programs in the field of wages and pensions, employment policy;

Reforming the social sphere based on a reasonable combination of the principles of paid and free healthcare, education, and culture services;

Forming a new housing policy, a federal housing market, stimulating all types of cost-effective housing construction, changing the procedure for paying for housing and utilities by the population.

The purpose of this work is to consider the essence of municipal government in the social sphere.

To achieve this goal, it is planned to solve the following tasks:

– to consider social policy in modern Russia;

- to determine the role of the municipality in the implementation of social policy;

- to determine the main directions of municipal social policy;

– to consider the features of municipal government in the field of education, in the field of health care, in the field of regulation of employment and labor relations, in the field of culture and leisure.

1 Municipal social policy

1.1 Social policy in modern Russia

Social policy in the Russian Federation proceeds from the constitutional definition of Russia as a social state, whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

In the Russian Federation, labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly, and a system of social support is being developed; services, state pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection are established (Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

The Constitution guarantees everyone social security in old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law (Articles 38-39).

For these purposes, the Russian Federation is developing a system of state and municipal services, providing state support for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, disabled and elderly citizens, and establishing state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection.

The Constitution proclaims the right of everyone:

- to work in conditions that meet the requirements of safety and hygiene (art. 37);

- for housing (Article 40);

- for medical care in state and municipal health care institutions at the expense of budgetary funds, insurance premiums, and other: sources (Article 41);

- for free pre-school, basic general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal educational institutions and enterprises (Article 43);

– for the use of cultural and leisure institutions and cultural property (Article 44).

The Russian system of social policy is based on the principles of “who you are” (the availability of social pensions and a developed system of categorical benefits) and “what have you done” (the system of labor pensions). The “what you have” principle is used in part, for example, in the determination of housing subsidies and the payment of child benefits.

Thus, social policy in the Russian Federation is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees every citizen social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law.

1.2 The role of the municipality in the implementation of social policy

One of the main tasks of local governments is the formation and implementation of municipal social policy.

Municipal social policy is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation aimed at providing the population with social services, at maintaining and developing the social sphere of the municipality.

Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities, primarily with authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Through the municipal social policy, both the own powers of local self-government and the state powers transferred to the municipal level in the social sphere are implemented.

The social sphere and social policy (state and municipal) can be considered in a broader and narrower sense of the word. In a broad sense, the social sphere includes everything that ensures human life. In this sense, all municipal policy is social. In a narrower sense, the social sphere of the municipality, as mentioned, is understood as the sphere of reproduction of the person himself, his physical and spiritual parameters, while the reproduction of the material and material environment of the human habitat refers to the city-serving sphere.

The social policy of the state is a system of principles, goals, objectives and means that ensure such a socially acceptable and acceptable material, political, cultural position of social groups and strata of the population, in which they can realize their personal interests and contribute to their own development and the development of society in various activities. in general.

Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests. It is designed to eliminate the contradiction between the conflicting interests of various subjects, between the current and future interests of society.

The state of the social sphere in this sense serves as an integral indicator of the effectiveness of the country's economy, the humanity of jurisprudence and the political structure of society, its spirituality. The most important tasks of the state social policy are to ensure the integrity of the community, its stability, the possibility of dynamic development, and the prevention of social conflicts. Management of the social sphere is carried out at all levels of public authority: federal, regional and municipal. The functions of each level are determined in accordance with the legislatively delimited powers.

Thus, the municipal social policy is aimed at providing the population with social services, at maintaining and developing the social sphere of the municipality. Municipal social policy is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities. Social policy is carried out through the interests of people and acts as a management of interests.

1.3 Mechanisms for the implementation of social policy

When developing social policy, priorities should be determined, which at this particular moment are the most urgent and urgent for society, requiring a priority decision. State and municipal social policy is implemented through social planning and management through a system of social events and programs conducted by federal, regional and local authorities.

The most important mechanism for implementing the social policy of the state is the system of state minimum social standards. The social standard is the minimum required level of satisfaction of the social needs of the population. Some examples of minimum social standards:

- the minimum level of wages;

– the minimum level of social pensions and other social benefits;

- mandatory standards and programs within which education is free;

- a list of medical and preventive services provided at the expense of budgetary funds.

Minimum social standards are designed to establish those threshold values of social benefits for a person, below which it is impossible to fall (from the standpoint of modern representatives about the level and quality of life). This “standard” level of social benefits, guaranteed to every person, should be affordable or even free for the consumer, i.e. partially or fully paid from budgetary and extrabudgetary funds.

Social standards are expressed through social norms. Social norms are uniform or group measures of social needs for homogeneous territories. Examples of social norms:

- the rate of provision of the population with institutions of the socio-cultural sphere;

- norms of filling of school classes and groups in preschool institutions;

– norms for providing the population with individual social services;

- norms of personnel and material support in the provision of social services.

Compliance with minimum social standards and norms requires large budget expenditures. In recent years, Russia has adopted a large number of federal laws establishing certain social benefits that are not funded. In this regard, the task of reasonably limiting the total number of social benefits and delimiting social standards into federal, regional and municipal ones is relevant. At the same time, the most important minimum social standards should remain at the federal level. Each level of the budgetary system must provide funding for the social standards and norms it has introduced and bring them into line with the available financial resources.

The tasks of the federal level of power include establishing the foundations of state social policy, legal regulation of relations in the social sphere, developing federal programs for the country's social development, developing and approving state minimum social standards at the federal level, and providing state guarantees for their implementation.

The constituent entities of the Russian Federation develop the foundations of a regional social policy, taking into account the historical and cultural traditions of the territory; establish regional social standards and norms that take into account state minimum social standards; take care of the preservation and strengthening of the social infrastructure owned by the subjects of the Russian Federation; organize training, retraining and advanced training of employees in the field of education, culture, healthcare, social protection of the population; ensure compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in all spheres of social policy.

The municipal level is called upon to specify the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals defined in the framework of federal and regional social policy, in relation to the characteristics of specific territories. The task of local governments, as the closest to the population, is the direct provision of a range of social services that ensure the living conditions of a person and his reproduction.

On the basis of regional norms and standards, local governments can develop local social norms and standards that take into account the specifics of a particular municipality.

The actual volume of social services provided to the population by local governments is as follows:

- complex centers of social services for veterans and other social groups;

– social rehabilitation centers and social shelters for minors;

– homes for the disabled and the elderly;

- orphanages;

- centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population, etc.

1.4 Interaction of state administration bodies and local self-government bodies in the social sphere

The modern period of development of human society has brought the understanding that a democratic, rule of law state can solve the main tasks only if there is a developed system of self-government. Constituting one of the foundations of the constitutional system of a rule-of-law state, local self-government makes it possible to democratize the administrative apparatus, effectively resolve local issues and ensure that the interests of local communities are taken into account in the conduct of state policy, and optimally combine the interests and rights of a person and the interests of the state.

Local self-government plays an important role in the implementation of one of the main tasks of our time - combining the interests of the state, society and the individual into a single whole, since the main meaning, the essence of local self-government is to harmonize the rights and freedoms of man and citizen at the level of each individual individual with the interests of the state and society. It is this orientation of local self-government that meets the ideas of a modern democratic legal social state, the highest value of which is a person, his rights and freedoms.

The Russian Federation, after a long break, is trying to return to a civilized system of social management, including state administration and local self-government.

Local self-government must be seen as multifaceted, multifaceted and multilateral. social phenomenon. Modern local self-government should be considered as a mechanism of interaction between territorial communities and the state, the main task of which is to harmonize relevant interests.

The formation of local self-government is the task not only of local self-government itself, but also of state power at all its levels.

The development of local self-government is impossible without the support of the state, its political decisions based on civil initiatives of the population. Currently, the formation of local self-government is hampered by a number of unresolved problems related to the imperfection of the current legal framework, including: the lack of federal regulatory legal regulation that ensures the clear implementation of a number of norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on local self-government; the absence of a clear normative legal division of powers between public authorities and local governments; internal inconsistency and lack of system in the legislation of the Russian Federation on local self-government; the inefficiency of legislative support for the financial and economic independence of municipalities; imperfection of the system of judicial protection of the interests of local self-government.

Speaking about the relationship of local self-government with the institutions of the state, it must also be emphasized that local self-government is one of the forms of democracy, both direct and representative. Public principles in local self-government are intended to increase the activity of the population in solving issues of managing state and public affairs. The combination of state and public in local self-government is very important in practical terms. With the help of the unity of these two principles, the most important social and state tasks are solved.

Thus, if we look broadly at the designated problem of interaction between the state and local self-government, then we can interpret state and local government bodies as elements of a single system of social management, public authority that ensures the life of society as a whole. How more state, the more difficult it is to confine ourselves to centralized bureaucratic management, the more necessary elements of self-government are included in general management.

According to the Constitution, the issues of joint jurisdiction include the coordination of health matters; protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood; social protection, including social security;

Such an interconnection between state and self-government principles is due to deeper and more objective factors, including the degree of socio-economic maturity of society, the correlation and alignment of social groups - class, estate, ethnic, etc., the nature of their struggle or cooperation, spiritual, national, cultural traditions, features of the geopolitical position, historical development, the demographic state of society, etc.

The state is a complex system that includes socio-economic and territorial-state formations (subjects of the Federation), within which there are smaller organizational units (districts, cities, etc.). The state embodies the integration of interests, norms and needs of citizens and social groups, due to living in a certain territory.

At present, the organization of self-government has become one of the most important political tasks.

The formation of local self-government requires the development of an institution for exercising state powers, primarily in the social sphere, which is the closest and most painful for the population.

The social sphere is where there should be a clear and intensive interaction between state power and local self-government in the name of the interests of the population, each person.

The task of local self-government is to provide social comfort to every member of society, to realize the main slogan of the welfare state - to create a decent standard of living for a person.

This is the social meaning, the purpose of local self-government in today's conditions.

2 Municipal management of social sectors

2.1 Municipal management in the field of social support for certain groups of the population

Social protection is a system of legislative, economic, social and other guarantees that provides all able-bodied citizens with equal rights and working conditions, and disabled (socially vulnerable) layers - benefits in the use of public consumption funds, direct material and socio-psychological support in all forms.

Social support is temporary or permanent measures of targeted support for certain categories of citizens in a crisis situation.

Social protection and social support of citizens are the prerogative of the state. Federal legislation assigns only guardianship and guardianship to the competence of municipal districts and urban districts in this area, and to the competence of settlements - to assist in establishing, in accordance with federal laws, guardianship and guardianship over the residents of the settlement who need it. However, the main part of the concerns for social support of citizens is traditionally carried out by local governments as state powers. As the closest to the population, local governments know better the specific living conditions of individual citizens and can perform social support functions more effectively. Due to the lack of state funding, local budgets bear a significant share of the costs of social support for the population.

The main forms of social support for certain groups of the population are:

- cash benefits;

- help in natural form(food, clothes);

-subsidies (targeted funds to pay for services);

compensation (reimbursement of certain expenses).

Municipal policy in the field of social protection and social support of the population is the implementation of its own and delegated (federal and regional) state powers to organize a set of measures aimed at protecting certain vulnerable groups of the population and citizens from falling into a zone of extreme social disadvantage. The formation and implementation of local policies in the field of social support for the population are carried out within the framework of targeted assistance to specific groups and strata of the population, individual citizens.

The main criteria for providing social support to certain categories of citizens at the municipal level include the following:

- low level of material security. If the per capita income of a person (family) is below a certain legally established normative value, this person (family) needs social support. The normative value of per capita income is determined by the value of the consumer package, which characterizes the subsistence minimum per family member for a given period of development of society;

- disability, the consequence of which is the impossibility of self-service;

- loss of home and property.

a) disabled:

1) pensioners;

2) disabled people;

3) citizens under the care of the state (in nursing homes, disabled people, etc.);

b) the poor;

c) caught in extreme situations:

1) unemployed;

2) victims of emergency situations(fires, floods, earthquakes, etc.);

3) refugees and migrants.

For each of the listed categories, the state develops specific social protection programs, and at the local level - social support programs.

Social protection and social support of the population is effective on the basis of the program approach. Two types of programs can be distinguished: objective (designed for a certain social group of the population) and problematic (designed to solve some social problem).

To implement the municipal policy in the field of social support for the population, various social service institutions are created in municipalities, and bodies (departments, committees, departments) of social protection are created in the structure of local administrations. The structure of these bodies depends on the financial capacity of the municipality, the existing management system, and the availability of the necessary specialists.

Social services are provided by municipal institutions free of charge and for a fee. Free social services are provided in the amounts determined by state standards of social services. Paid social services are provided in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Financing of the municipal sector of the social service system is carried out at the expense of local budgets and subventions from the federal budget and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directed to the municipal budget for the maintenance and development of a network of social service institutions, as well as for payment of state-guaranteed social services included in federal and regional lists. The amount of subventions is determined annually upon approval of the respective budgets.

So, as noted, the state of the country's economy currently allows for total social security of the population, which is typical for a welfare state. The gap between the state's ability to fulfill its financing tasks and problems in the relationship between the state and local governments that provide various types of social assistance in a particular territory is increasing.

2.1.1 Analysis of the implementation of the Federal Law "122" "On the replacement of benefits with cash payments" in the municipality Shcherbinovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory

Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 22, 2004 solves the problems of improving the material well-being of citizens and bringing the system of social protection of citizens who enjoy benefits and social guarantees and who are provided with compensation in line with the principle of delimitation of powers between federal government bodies, state authorities the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments, as well as the principles of the rule of law with a socially oriented market economy.

In accordance with this law, social support measures are provided for citizens entitled to benefits. And the main two of them are monthly cash payments and a set of social services, which is otherwise called the “social package”.

A cash payment is assigned to each in the amount determined by the preferential category. And although it is not part of the pension, however, according to the law, it is indexed simultaneously with it and in the same amount as the basic part of the pension. With a set of social services, the situation is different. This set consists of two parts, and each has its own monetary expression. The first includes additional free medical care, including the provision of free medicines on preferential prescriptions, as well as vouchers for spa treatment at medical indications. And the cost of this part of the social package for all beneficiaries is the same: from January 1, 2006, it is 424 rubles a month.

The same is true for the second part of the set of social services. It includes free travel by commuter rail and intercity transport to and from the place of treatment. The cost of this social service in 2006 is 53 rubles per month.

If a person decides to refuse social services, then he receives monthly the cost of a set of social services. Moreover, you can refuse one part of the set of social services, or you can refuse the entire set of social services as a whole.

In our district today, about fifteen percent of citizens eligible for benefits have already refused a set of social services.

2.2 Municipal management of the regulation of employment and labor relations

Employment is a set of economic and social relations associated with the provision of able-bodied citizens with jobs and their participation in economic activities.

The problem of employment of the population is one of the most important for the municipality. In settlements that are in the stage of stagnation and decline, unemployment is the main social problem. In addition to employment itself as having a job, this problem has two more aspects. This is, firstly, the level and regularity of payments wages, which determine the level of material well-being of the population and the volume of tax revenues to local budgets, and secondly, working conditions that can have an adverse effect on the state of health and life expectancy of a person.

The complexity of municipal regulation of employment issues lies in the fact that the main legal regulation of these issues relates to the sphere of federal and regional legislation and is implemented through the territorial structures of the federal employment service. Most of the able-bodied population living on the territory of the municipality works at enterprises and organizations of non-municipal form of ownership. The possibilities of influence of local governments on the labor market, on relations between employees and employers are very limited. A typical example is the so-called circular labor migration, when a citizen permanently resides in the territory of one settlement, but works (and pays taxes) in the territory of another. The functions of employment of the unemployed population and the payment of benefits to the unemployed are the prerogative of the state. Nevertheless, local governments have certain opportunities and leverage to influence the processes of employment and labor relations in their territories, and on their basis, municipal policy in this area can be formed.

The role of local governments in resolving employment and labor relations issues can be as follows:

– development and implementation of a system of economic and other mechanisms regulating employment issues, the local labor market and labor relations;

- coordination and control over the activities in this area of the governing structures of the municipality, enterprises, public and other organizations, the creation (if necessary) of the municipal employment service;

– provision of information support to people looking for a job (publishing bulletins, information about job fairs, the creation of a telephone information and consultation service, unemployed clubs, etc.)

– formation of a municipal bank of vacancies, seasonal and temporary jobs;

– formation of an order for public works on the territory of the municipality;

– creation of a center for social and psychological adaptation (psychological support for the unemployed and the unemployed, psychological training for start-up entrepreneurs, etc.);

- organization of a municipal educational and methodological center for professional retraining of the adult population in professions that are in demand on the labor market;

- Creation of a municipal career guidance service for graduates of schools and educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education;

- creation of a municipal board of trustees to assist in the employment of graduates of schools and vocational schools, including representatives of the latter, employers, trade unions, administration of the municipality;

– organizing and conducting monitoring studies of the labor market in order to predict the sectoral and professional-qualification structure of labor demand.

Depending on the financial capabilities of municipalities, the range of services provided to promote employment of the population can be expanded or narrowed. In any case, the priorities of the employment policy at the level of the municipality should be:

– promotion of employment of graduates of schools and vocational schools;

– provision of targeted material and psychological support to persons in special need of social protection;

– development of new forms of interaction with the employer;

- increasing the competitiveness of the labor force (organization of professional retraining and advanced training of the employed population of the municipality).

A well-established form of employment promotion for the population is job fairs. At fairs, visitors have the opportunity to solve, as a rule, three main tasks: to get acquainted with the bank of vacancies, to consult on labor legislation, to choose, if necessary, an educational institution for professional retraining. Therefore, the list of participants in job fairs includes: leading enterprises and organizations operating in the territory of the municipality or located nearby; training centers for professional retraining of the adult population; legal services and consultations; representatives of the territorial bodies of the employment service.

One of the effective mechanisms for real promotion of employment at the level of the municipality is the organization of public works. Paid public works are public works labor activity usually do not require prior vocational training workers having a socially useful orientation and organized to provide temporary employment for citizens looking for work.

A new active form of promoting the employment of the population of municipalities is the clubs of job seekers. The main tasks of the clubs are to assist citizens looking for work in reducing the search for a suitable vacancy, acquiring skills in this matter, reducing the psychological burden, eliminating stressful conditions, and acquiring a minimum of legal knowledge. To promote the entrepreneurial initiative of the unemployed at the expense of the municipality, together with the Employment Center, a municipal business incubator can be organized - a collective office for start-up entrepreneurs. As part of its activities, psychological training programs can be implemented to develop qualities that contribute to the entrepreneurial activity of the population of the municipality. At the level of municipalities, it is important to provide employment assistance to people who are in particular need of social protection.

Thus, employment is a set of economic and social relations associated with the provision of able-bodied citizens with jobs and their participation in economic activities. The problem of employment of the population is one of the most important for the municipality. The complexity of municipal regulation of employment issues lies in the fact that the main legal regulation of these issues relates to the sphere of federal and regional legislation and is implemented through the territorial structures of the federal employment service. Job fairs are a well-established form of employment promotion. One of the real mechanisms for the real promotion of employment at the level of the municipality is the organization of public works.

2.2.1 Analysis of the labor market in the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, Shcherbinovskaya district, Krasnodar Territory

With a fairly low officially registered unemployment rate, it is problematic to find a job that is called "to your liking and for the money" in the province, especially in its rural hinterland. But in this case, nothing is impossible if you are persistent, purposeful, charged with work. Moreover, the citizen who is looking for her is not alone in his search. He is ready to come to the aid of specialists of the employment service.

The state institution of the Krasnodar Territory, the Center for Employment of the Shcherbinovsky District, summed up the results of work for 2006 and set tasks for 2067. The level of registered unemployment over the past year in the Shcherbinovsky district ranged from 1.1-1.0 percent, while in the Krasnodar Territory it was 0.6-0.7 percent. The main cause of unemployment is a structural imbalance in the supply and demand of labor. Over the past year, 5,673 people turned to the Employment Center for advice, i.е. every third citizen of working age. Many have used the services of the Employment Center more than once. And the employment service provided them with free assistance in finding employment, in obtaining a new profession.

With the assistance of the employment service, more than 1010 people were employed. The increase in the population's appeals to us is primarily due to the search for work, and not to receiving unemployment benefits. 467 people were recognized as unemployed during the year.

During 2006, employers submitted 1,866 vacancies to the employment service. This is not so much, considering that 1564 people applied to the Employment Center as job seekers. If we follow the statistics for recent years, there is a slight increase in vacancies announced by employers. There are currently 192 enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership in the card index of the Employment Center, almost 75 percent of them regularly provide information about available vacancies. But there are also cases when enterprises provide information only about those vacancies that they cannot fill on their own for a long time due to either low wages or difficult working conditions.

In the labor market in the Shcherbinovsky district, more than 80 percent are vacancies for blue-collar jobs. For the most part, these are agricultural workers (livestock breeders, machine operators, field workers). In addition, watchmen, loaders, drivers, electric and gas welders, sellers, nurses, janitors are required. In terms of wages, about 50 percent of the announced vacancies are those where wages are below the subsistence level, which reduces the employment service's opportunities for employment. At the same time, there is a constant demand for specialists with higher education: accountants, economists, programmers, psychologists, etc. In addition, information about vacancies from other regions is constantly posted on the stands at the Employment Center - vacancies in the Southern Federal District, including in the resort area for seasonal work, Kaliningrad region, regions of the Far North.

In the employment service of the Shcherbinovsky district, there are several programs of active employment policy. Job fairs are one of the most accessible not only for unemployed citizens, but also for any resident of the area who is looking for a job or wants to change it to a better one. The purpose of the fairs is to expand the opportunity for citizens to obtain the necessary information, which increases their likelihood of employment. For employers, fairs are a good opportunity to recruit qualified personnel or young professionals. At the same time, both parties - those who are looking for work, and those who are ready to provide it - communicate directly, without intermediaries. In 2006, the Employment Center held eight fairs, which were attended by 764 people. In addition, the fairs also solve another important task - to inform and vocational guidance of young people to professions in demand. In September 2006, a mobile employment center was operating in the village of Shabelskoye, whose specialists provided career guidance services to students of secondary school No. 11 and boarding school students in choosing a profession. The next areas of active employment policy are the employment of minors in their free time from studies. A total of 411 people were employed during 2006. With the help of the employment service, five people organized their own business. Five graduates of educational institutions within the framework of the "First Job" program were employed and received their first work experience. This is important because many employers refuse applicants due to lack of work experience in their specialty.

Those unemployed who could not find a job due to the loss of professional skills, from among the long-term unemployed or because of a mismatch with the demand for the available education, were sent at the expense of the federal budget for vocational training. There were 88 such unemployed people in 2006.

Many citizens feel insecure in the labor market. For them there is a program "Club of job seekers". 75 people took part in this program, while 13 people were employed after completing the classes. In addition, there is a program for the employment of citizens who experience difficulties in finding work (disabled people, single parents and large families, people of pre-retirement age). A total of 13 unemployed people were employed in these categories.

Services of the following types of employment services are provided free of charge:

– assistance to citizens in finding suitable work, and to employers in the selection of the necessary workers;

– informing about the situation in the labor market;

- organization of professional orientation of citizens in order to choose in the field of activity (profession), employment, vocational training;

– psychological support, vocational training, retraining and advanced training of unemployed citizens;

– the implementation of social payments to citizens recognized in the prescribed manner as unemployed;

– organization of paid public works;

– organization of temporary employment of minors aged 14 to 18 years in their free time from school, unemployed citizens experiencing difficulties in finding a job, unemployed citizens aged 18 to 20 from among graduates of educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education looking for work for the first time;

– social adaptation of unemployed citizens in the labor market; promotion of self-employment of the population.

The Employment Center also provides services to employers. Recipients of public services are legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, individuals. In order to receive the state service of assistance in the selection of necessary workers, employers who first applied to government agency employment services (Employment Center), submit the following documents:

- an application form for the provision of state services of assistance in the selection of necessary workers (forms are provided at the Employment Center);

- the application form is certified by the signature of the employer or his representative authorized by him to perform the relevant actions;

- a completed form "Information on the need for employees, availability of jobs (vacancies)" (forms are provided at the Employment Center);

- a copy of the certificate state registration legal entity or an individual entrepreneur, certified by the seal of a legal entity (individual entrepreneur) and containing the entry "correct copy", date, surname, initials, position and signature of the authorized representative of the employer who certified it, or certified by a notary public - employers - legal entities and individual entrepreneurs;

- passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation or a document replacing it, - employers - individuals who have citizenship of the Russian Federation;

- documents proving the identity and citizenship of a foreign citizen, - employers - individuals with foreign citizenship;

- identity documents, - employers - individuals who do not have citizenship.

In order to receive the state service of assistance in the selection of necessary employees, upon subsequent requests, employers submit a completed form “Information on the need for employees, the availability of vacancies (vacancies)”.

2.3 Municipal administration in the field of education

The educational level of the population is one of the most important characteristics of a municipality that determines its competitiveness and investment attractiveness. Raising the educational level of the population requires a long time and significant financial investments. Expenditure on education is the largest item of expenditure in local budgets in most municipalities.

The municipal policy in the field of education is based on the state policy based on the following principles:

– humanistic nature of education,

- the priority of universal human values, human life and health,

– free development of personality;

- public access to education,

- adaptability of the education system to the levels and characteristics of the development and training of students;

- the secular nature of education in state and municipal educational institutions;

- freedom and pluralism in education.

Russia is pursuing a policy of reforming the education sector. A transition to a 12-year education is envisaged, the introduction of a unified standardized final exam, which makes it possible to enter any university without entrance exams if the required number of points is obtained. These changes are perceived ambiguously in society, but continue the trend towards Russia's entry into world practice education. The possibilities of choosing various forms of education (lyceums, gymnasiums, colleges, specialized classes, etc.) are expanding. In parallel with the system of free education, paid education is developing at all levels - from kindergartens to universities. This process has a number of negative aspects: free education is becoming less accessible, its quality is declining, the process of its commercialization is growing, and the inequality of citizens in obtaining it is increasing. However, the interest of the population in education is growing, which is manifested primarily in an increase in competition for universities.

The reform in the field of education leads to the destruction of the former uniform system of educational institutions, so the content of education with its multi-level education is being differentiated. The old forms of education management are losing their effectiveness, and new ones are only being created. As a result, there are problems of management bureaucracy: lack of clear requirements for managers; uncertainty of the specific content of education management; negative consequences of the collapse of the previously existing management system (violation of the material supply system, lack of control and forecasting of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of educational services). All this negatively affects the municipal education system.

The basic normative acts that define the tasks of local governments in the field of education are Art. 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, the Federal Laws “On Approval of the Federal Program for the Development of Education”, “On Compensatory Payments for Food to Students in State, Municipal Educational Institutions, Institutions primary vocational and secondary vocational education”, “On additional guarantees for the social protection of orphans and children left without parental care” and other legal acts. These laws are detailed in decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of the Ministry of Education of Russia, and regional legislation.

The education management system at the municipal level is a set of interrelated elements: educational programs and state educational standards of various levels and directions, a network of educational institutions implementing them, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, types and types, municipal educational authorities and institutions and organizations subordinate to them.

The activities of municipal educational institutions are regulated by model regulations on education, institutions of the corresponding types and types, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and developed on their basis by the charters of these educational institutions. The founders of municipal educational institutions are local educational authorities. On the basis of their decision, the municipal property management bodies assign property objects to educational institutions for operational management and land plots for unlimited free use.

At the same time, municipal property assigned to an educational institution may be alienated by the owner in the manner and on the terms established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts of local governments adopted within their powers.

In order to implement state policy in the field of education, local governments have been given the authority to plan, organize, regulate the activities of local (municipal) education authorities, determine their structure and powers, appoint and dismiss heads of local education authorities.

A large number of educational institutions of various profiles and forms of ownership can be located on the territory of a municipality. Municipal education authorities interact with non-municipal educational institutions in order to provide and protect the interests of residents of the municipality studying in these institutions.

Changes in the education system require improvement management activities local self-government bodies, aimed at developing the education system with the help of special forms, methods and means that make it possible to raise the efficiency of education to the proper level.

Thus, the level of population is one of the most important characteristics of the municipality. Municipal policy in the field of education is built on the basis of state policy. The education management system at the municipal level consists of interrelated elements: educational standards of various management and orientation, a network of educational institutions implementing them, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, types, municipal education authorities and institutions and organizations subordinate to them.

2.3.1 Analysis of the implementation of the national education project in the municipality Shcherbinovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory

The implementation of the national project "Education" began in December 2005, when the directions of all work in the education system were determined. This affected, first of all, the stimulation of the work of teachers, performing the functions of a class teacher. And since January 2006, all of them - and in the district there are 238 people - began to receive a presidential award from 214 to 1000 rubles for class management, depending on the number of students in the class.

At the next stage of work related to the national project, a competition was held for the best educational institution in the district, which successfully implements innovative projects, or, to put it more simply, modern pedagogical technologies. As a result, based on the provisions established by law, two such schools were identified in the district - these are secondary schools No. 1 and 6 of the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya and the village of Yekaterinovka.

Education today, of course, is a state priority, and the proof of this is the national project "Education", which became the basis for the work of the industry in 2006. Based on the results of work in 2006, it can be noted that everything that was planned within the framework of the national project for this year has been implemented in full. Suffice it to say that this made it possible to attract about 10 million rubles from the consolidated budget to the district. However, the national project has become not only and not so much a factor providing funding for the education sector: one can fully appreciate the stimulating role of the national project for both teachers and educational institutions.

The implementation of the national project "Education" in the Shcherbinovsky district went in several directions.

The main direction is the remuneration of teachers who perform the functions class teachers, which is received by 238 teachers. More than 3.4 million rubles were spent for these purposes, and the amount of remuneration, depending on the number of students in the class, ranges from one thousand to 240 rubles.

Today it is necessary to raise the question not so much about the payment of remuneration as such, but about the effectiveness of the work of the class teacher.

The second direction is the encouragement of the best teachers.

Here it would be appropriate to say that the established by the President of Russia V.V. Putin's award in the amount of 100 thousand rubles in the region was received by 406 teachers, including the history teacher of secondary school No. 5 O.B. Sheikin.

The winners of the district stage of the competition were the teacher primary school secondary school №5 N.B. Berezina, teachers: biology - E.V. Marakush (secondary school No. 10), English - I.A. Ilyichev (secondary school No. 2), mathematicians - L.A. Vivchar (secondary school No. 1), Russian language and literature - E.L. Karpenko (secondary school No. 7) and history teacher of secondary school No. 3 T.A. Vaskov. To these teachers, the head of the district, V.P. The Filonovs were awarded certificates and cash prizes at the August meeting of teachers.

This year, it is necessary to significantly increase the number of participants in the competition and to popularize the work of the best teachers in the district in every possible way in the media, as well as through methodological associations. This task is extremely important, because in the end it is about summarizing best practices and improving the professional level of teachers in the district.

The third direction is a competition of general educational institutions actively implementing innovative educational programs and technologies.

Here, the team of secondary school No. 1 named after A.V. Lyapidevsky, led by an experienced teacher L.V. Makarenko. As a prize, this team was awarded a grant from the President of Russia in the amount of one million rubles.

The school disposed of such a solid amount very sensibly. As part of the implementation of the school development program, such necessary classrooms have already been purchased, such as elementary school, Russian language and literature, foreign language, history, geography, mathematics, universal interactive subject cabinet. All these acquisitions, of course, will affect the improvement of the quality of the educational process, the achievement of good results, which, by the way, has already been confirmed: the school won first place this academic year based on the results of the regional and zonal stages of regional subject Olympiads.

The next direction is informatization of education. In the district, the costs for these purposes have already amounted to 320 thousand rubles, which are allocated from the funds of the regional budget (for the region, this figure is about 30 million rubles). 11 workstations were delivered to the schools of the district, secondary school No. 5 of the district center was connected to the high-speed Internet according to the schedule. The Department of Education has found funds to purchase computers for secondary schools No. 4 and No. 11. And all this is being done to improve the quality of general education through informatization and re-equipment of the educational and demonstration base. Also, 2006-2007 academic year should become the year of elimination of computer illiteracy among teachers of the district. This task is already being successfully solved in schools No. 1, 5, 6 and others.

The fifth direction is equipping schools with modern equipment.

The solution of this most serious problem became possible thanks to the national project. So, schools No. 3, 6 received history classrooms; No. 6, 9 - geography classrooms; No. 2 - a physics room and No. 6 - an interactive whiteboard.

In January, a chemistry classroom for secondary school No. 1, three mathematics classrooms for schools No. 5, 11.13 will be received.

In addition, 60 sets of furniture were purchased and sent to all schools in the district without exception. For these purposes, 1436 thousand rubles were spent from the district budget, 1393 thousand rubles from the regional budget.

In terms of the implementation of the national project "Education" it was possible to solve the problem of bringing students to classes. It is necessary to note in this connection the attention paid to it by the administration of the district, the governor of the Kuban A.N. Tkachev. Thanks to this, it was possible to resolve the issue of transporting students to schools No. 10, 6 and 13, which received specially equipped school buses.

2.4 Municipal health administration

Health care is one of the most important subdivisions of the social infrastructure of the municipality. Compliance with constitutional guarantees for the provision medical care and the creation of favorable sanitary and epidemiological conditions for the life of the population involves structural changes in the healthcare system, which include:

– new approaches to making political decisions and forming budgets at all levels, taking into account the priority tasks of protecting public health;

- formation of a new regulatory framework for the activities of healthcare institutions in a market economy;

- priority in the healthcare system of preventive measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of the population, the threat of epidemics;

- protection of the patient's rights to receive timely and high-quality medical care as an initial condition for the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

The legal basis for the activities of local governments in the field of public health protection is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws "On medical insurance of citizens in the Russian Federation", "On medicines", "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population", as well as other regulatory legal acts of all levels of government on public health issues.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines healthcare as a subject of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects. Accordingly, the healthcare management system is hierarchical. The main volume of mass types of medical care for the population is provided at the municipal level. The municipal health care system includes municipally owned medical and preventive and other institutions of the health care system, departmental institutions (both transferred and not transferred to municipal ownership), pharmaceutical institutions located on the territory of the municipality, as well as municipal health authorities population.

The main goal of municipal health care is to meet the needs of the population in health care services related to the jurisdiction of local government, at a level not lower than the state minimum social standards. In specific conditions, local goals can be formed, for example, meeting the needs of the population in health care services on the principles of general accessibility, observing guarantees for the provision of volumes of medical services (treatment-and-prophylactic, health-improving, medical-diagnostic, etc.), ensuring their quality, etc.

Federal legislation entrusts the decision of issues of local importance in the field of health care to municipal districts and urban districts. These issues include the organization of emergency medical care (with the exception of sanitary and aviation), primary health care in outpatient clinics and hospitals, medical care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Other, more complex types of medical care can be provided through the municipal health care system in the form of state powers transferred to local governments simultaneously with the corresponding financial resources.

The fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens define state powers in the field of health protection, transferred to local governments. These include:

– control over compliance with legislation in the field of health protection; protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the field of health care;

– formation of management bodies of the municipal health care system;

- coordination and control of the activities of enterprises, institutions and organizations of the state and municipal health care systems within their powers, control over the quality of medical and social assistance provided in the private health care system;

– implementation of measures for compulsory medical insurance of citizens;

– licensing of medical and pharmaceutical activities in the jurisdictional territory on behalf of the public health administration body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

– regular informing the population about the prevalence of socially significant diseases;

– creation and maintenance of institutions for the rehabilitation of disabled people and persons suffering from mental disorders; organization of their education, professional retraining and employment, creation of specialized institutions for terminally ill patients;

– sanitary and hygienic education of the population.

The subjects of health care activities at the municipal level are mainly municipal institutions, the nomenclature of which is approved by the federal executive body in the field of health care.

Local self-government bodies carry out wholesale purchases of medicines for medical institutions, control over the activities of all pharmaceutical institutions on the territory of the municipality, regardless of the form of ownership, since drug provision of the population is one of the most important social tasks. Federal legislation for a number of categories of the population has established an extensive system of benefits for paying for medicines, free dispensing of certain medicines on prescription, as well as medicines for treatment in medical hospitals, which require large budget expenditures. However, the state is far from fully compensating municipal authorities for the costs associated with the preferential and free distribution of medicines.

For municipal institutions, the local administration can issue a municipal order for drug services to the population and set the maximum amount of premiums for wholesale prices for medicines. In the context of the budget deficit, local governments are forced to take a tough approach to establishing benefits for medicines and limit the amount of the municipal order.

One of the important tasks of local governments is to ensure the sanitary well-being of the population. In cooperation with state bodies of sanitary and epidemiological supervision, local governments develop and implement local programs to ensure the sanitary well-being of the population.

A necessary condition for ensuring the sanitary well-being of the population is hygienic education and education of citizens. Hygienic education and education of citizens is carried out in educational institutions by including in the training and education programs "sections on hygiene knowledge. In the process of training and certification of managers, specialists of enterprises and organizations whose nature of activity is related to the production, storage, transportation and sale of food drinking water, utilities and consumer services population, etc., hygienic preparation is provided.

Local self-government bodies are obliged to regularly inform the population, including through the mass media, about the prevalence of socially significant diseases and diseases that pose a danger to others. Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens (Article 19) establish that citizens have the right to regularly receive reliable and timely information about factors that contribute to the preservation of health or have a harmful effect on it. The main attention is paid to information about the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the area of residence, rational nutritional standards, products, works, services, their compliance sanitary standards and rules. This information should be provided by local governments through the media, as well as directly to citizens at their request in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

One of the most difficult problems of municipal health care is its financing, which is multi-channel. At the expense of budgetary funds, preventive measures are financed, sanitary and epidemiological well-being is ensured in the territory, children's health care, treatment of certain diseases (tuberculosis, mental illness), etc.

The system of compulsory medical insurance consists in the free provision of a certain set of medical services to citizens at the expense of the state non-budgetary Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (FOMS). This set is determined in the lists approved by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments (regional and municipal programs of compulsory medical insurance). The source of funds from the MHIF are insurance premiums paid by employers for their employees as part of the unified social tax. Contribution rates are established by federal law. Until recently, insurance premiums for the non-working population were paid from local budgets, and municipalities were big debtors MHIF. Then these functions were transferred to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Insurance organizations, which receive funds from the MHIF, conclude contracts with medical institutions and pay for the medical services they provide according to the number of patients actually treated and the nature of the services provided. Thus, a patient who has a compulsory medical insurance policy, in principle, has the opportunity to choose between medical institutions, which allows creating a competitive environment in medical care and improve its quality. In fact, the compulsory health insurance system is unstable and needs to be seriously reformed.

The rest of the medical services are provided on a paid basis, and local authorities approve the prices and tariffs for services provided by municipal medical and preventive institutions. They are established taking into account the specifics of municipal healthcare organizations, the type of services they provide, the structure of the population's needs for them, local characteristics and other factors.

Income from securities, bank and other loans, gratuitous and charitable contributions and donations, and other sources not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation can be considered as additional sources of financing for municipal health care.

The possibility of solving the tasks set for municipal healthcare, the implementation of the adopted programs depend on the municipal healthcare management system, the effectiveness of its influence on the processes taking place in the healthcare sector. In the context of an acute budget deficit, ensuring guaranteed rights of the population in the field of healthcare requires the optimal use of resources intended for this, which, in turn, involves choosing priorities for the development of healthcare, determining and financing the most effective forms of medical care. In particular, more attention should be paid to the preventive direction of protecting the health of citizens with the corresponding redistribution financial resources from the inpatient to the outpatient sector.

A serious problem is the low wages of workers in this industry, which negatively affects not only the current state of healthcare, but also its development, since modern medical technologies are very laborious. Often the use of new diagnostic and treatment equipment requires an additional number of specialists in various fields. Due to insufficient funding, which does not allow for the normal functioning of the material and technical base of healthcare institutions and organizations, the effective management of the infrastructure of healthcare organizations and institutions is of particular relevance. One of the directions for the development of healthcare in the conditions of market relations is its commercialization, the objective prerequisites for which are the following circumstances:

– insufficiency of budget financing for the proper development of the material and technical base, building up scientific and practical potential, material incentives for employees;

- increasing the demand of the population for highly qualified medical care, comfortable conditions for staying in a hospital; the existence of a legislative framework for the provision of paid medical services.

In order to exercise their own and transferred competence in the field of public health protection, local governments create management structures in the form of departments (committees, departments) of health care. In small municipalities, either a position of a health specialist in the integrated department of social policy is allocated, or the authority to manage health care is vested in the chief physician of the territorial medical association (TMO).

Under the municipal health authorities, commissions may be created for collegial discussion of issues of protecting the health of the local population, considering municipal health care programs, in particular, determining the types, volumes and objects of medical care, sources of its financing, the procedure for providing free medical care, monitoring the implementation of established norms and rules.

Municipal health authorities carry out their activities in accordance with plans formed taking into account regional plans for the development of health care, analysis of the health status of the population of the municipality, available local resources of the sectoral system

2.4.1 Analysis of the implementation of the national health project in the municipality Shcherbinovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory

The implementation of the priority national project "Health" in the municipality of Shcherbinovsky district is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation and the appeal of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on May 10, 2006.

The district approved a network schedule for the implementation of the priority national project "Health", according to which the following activities are carried out:

- development of primary health care.

All primary care physicians and nurses are 100% specialized and certified.

Employment contracts are concluded with all employees and cash payments are made in accordance with the Decree of the Russian Federation.

The restructuring of medical therapeutic and pediatric areas was carried out. Two understaffed pediatric sites have been created. The salary of primary care physicians increased by 330%, district nurses by 244%.

Since July 1, 2007, contracts have been concluded and payments are being made to paramedics, FAP nurses, doctors, paramedics of emergency medical care, in accordance with the Decree of the Russian Federation. The salaries of ambulance doctors increased by 145%, and of ambulance paramedics by 28%.

There are currently three outpatient clinics in the Shcherbinovsky district, where three general practitioners work (one of them was trained in 2006-2007), which is sufficient for our district.

– Equipping with diagnostic equipment.

According to the submitted applications, the Department of Health granted the application for expensive medical equipment.

The R-complex "Moviplan" was received in the amount of 1 million 838 rubles, on which 6732 examinations were performed. This made it possible to improve the diagnosis of advanced forms of oncopathology and reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.

A set of laboratory equipment worth 1 million 235,584 rubles has been received and is functioning. Ultrasound-diagnostics apparatus "Aloka" in the amount of 477 thousand rubles.

The received equipment allowed expanding diagnostic capabilities, conducting medical examinations of the working population and decreed contingents, which creates prerequisites for early detection and reduction of morbidity with temporary disability, especially among people of working age and improves the economic potential of our region.

Also delivered to the district are three units of ambulances of the Gazel brand, class A, equipped with diagnostic and medical equipment, which makes it possible to provide qualified assistance to the population of the district at the prehospital stage and made it possible to reduce the overall mortality in the district from 18.2 in 2005 to 15.9 in 2006 and the death rate of people of working age in traffic accidents and accidents by 23%.

– the issues of prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C in the district are given Special attention. There are necessary diagnosticums for detecting HIV infection, antiviral drugs.

In 2006, 2150 tests for HIV infection were carried out.

Immunization of the population within the framework of the national vaccination schedule was 100% completed.

The most important element in changing the demographic situation and improving the health of the future generation is a 100% examination of newborns for hereditary diseases on the basis of a medical genetic consultation of the regional clinical hospital No. 1.

A seminar was held with all medical workers, nurses of treatment rooms by employees of the medical genetic consultation of the regional clinical hospital No. 1.

- additional medical examination in 2006.

2421 people were subject to additional medical examination. Of these, 1365 people are employees of the public sector, 1057 people were examined, which amounted to 84%.

Medical examination of workers employed in work with harmful or dangerous production factors covers 100%.

As a result of the medical examination, socially significant diseases were detected at the early stages: oncopathology - 10 people, diabetes mellitus - 16 people, tuberculosis - 2 people.

Conducted additional medical examination allowed to increase wages. Wages on average increased by 44.5% for 30 employees. An additional payment was made for primary health care for the working and non-working population in the amount of

– Birth certificates put into effect on January 1, 2006 improved the quality of medical care for pregnant women and women in childbirth, the birth rate increased from 343 to 386 people (children).

In the district, infant mortality decreased from 17.5 to 2.6, stillbirths decreased from 5.8 to 5.2, neonatal mortality from 14.5 to 7.8. The number of abortions of women of childbearing age decreased from 45.8 to 29.8.

The salaries of obstetricians increased by 113.2%.

Birth certificates made it possible to improve the material and technical base of the antenatal clinic and the obstetric physiological department, equipment was purchased in the amount of 410,000 rubles, and the medical supply of the obstetric physiological department was improved in the amount of 236,000 rubles.

- in matters: providing the population with high-tech medical care in 2006, a commission for the selection of patients, headed by the deputy chief physician for medical affairs, was created at the MUSIC CRH of the municipality Shcherbinovsky district. However, at the beginning of the year, insufficient work was carried out in this direction, especially by primary care physicians. At present, explanatory work has been carried out on the importance and necessity of this type of assistance.

49 people needed high-tech medical care, 14 people received it, 5 people are registered, 19 people refused, 11 people are temporarily abstaining.

– agreements were concluded with the Social Insurance Fund for obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment of working citizens for the purpose of rehabilitation after illness of cardio-vascular system, gastroenteroscopic operations, pregnant women.

In total, 63 people underwent rehabilitation in aftercare departments during this period:

Sanatorium "DiLuch" - 23 people;

Sanatorium "DiLuch" in the aftercare department for pregnant women - 11 people;

Sanatorium "Rus" (diabetes mellitus) - 14 people;

Sanatorium "Laba" - 1 person;

Sanatorium "named after Lomonosov" - 9 people:

Sanatorium "Foothills of the Caucasus" - 2 people;

Sanatorium "Goryachiy Klyuch" - 3 people.

This type of rehabilitation measures contributes to the improvement of health and restoration of working capacity of the working population.

- implementation of information support and management of the priority national project "Health".

There is an order to establish a "Hot Line" and responsible for the implementation of monitoring for the priority national project "Health".

This information was published in the local newspaper. All departments and district hospitals also have similar information. Stands and corners were equipped for the priority national project "Health". There is literature for the information of the population, seven articles have been published in the regional newspaper, in the regional publication "Volnaya Kuban" - one article, four television interviews. Five meetings of the heads of the Central District Hospital were held, interviews of the head of the Central District Hospital on the priority national project "Health" were published, conversations and lectures were held with patients on various themes for disease prevention and healthy lifestyles.

The national project "Health" provides new opportunities for widespread immunization of the population. Last year, about 20 percent of the inhabitants of our district were vaccinated against influenza, this year they hope to surpass this good result. Of the 8,000 children, 3,600 will be vaccinated; Most of the children have already been vaccinated before. For the first time, children are vaccinated against hepatitis B. It takes place in three stages and then acts throughout life. Closer attention to the health of the younger generation also solves another urgent problem - reducing the level of child mortality and, in turn, directly affects the state of demography in our country.

Without a doubt, the national project "Health" is a concrete evidence that the state has finally paid due attention to healthcare. Within the framework of the project, many transformations are planned, there are funds and a desire for fundamental changes in this area. It takes some time for the effectiveness of the decisions made to be fully revealed. The first steps are encouraging, give confidence in the final success

Conclusion

At the end of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn.

The social function is the main, defining for municipal government among all others. The goal of social policy is to consistently improve the standard of living of the population and reduce social inequality, ensure universal access to basic social benefits and, above all, quality education, medical and social services.

Social policy in the narrow sense, when analyzing the management of the social development of a municipality, refers to the activities of management entities of various levels aimed at managing the social development of the municipality, at ensuring the material and cultural needs of its members and at regulating the processes of social differentiation.

Local social policy, as an integral component of the management system of the social sphere of municipalities, in the process of its development and implementation should proceed from a set of fundamental methodological principles inherent in any scientifically based management system.

The social sphere is understood as the socio-cultural complex of the municipality. The sectors of education, healthcare, culture, employment, social support included in the socio-cultural complex of the social sphere are united by a common goal, content and development trends.

A feature of the sphere of social regulation is the predominance of institutions financed from the local budget.

Local self-government is one of the most important parts of the management mechanism, which allows you to optimally combine the interests and rights of a person and local, regional, national interests.

Local self-government is an independent level of public authority, having both common features with state power, and significant differences. Local self-government and the state are closely connected and represent two levels of the power organization of society.

When analyzing the features of municipal government, the features of the activities carried out by local governments to manage the development of the socio-cultural sphere of the municipality Shcherbinovsky district were considered.

Municipal management in the social sphere consists in the implementation by municipal government bodies of management activities aimed at maintaining and developing the main branches of the social sphere of the municipality, ensuring the integrity of the local community, in accordance with the powers granted by law.

The specificity of municipal management in the social sphere consists in a combination of two types of influence: administrative (state) and self-organization (self-government) - and the achievement of the integrity of these types.

Municipal management in the social sphere is management at the local level, the object of influence of which is the integral development of the local community of the corresponding municipality, which ensures the creation of favorable conditions for the life of the population.

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24. Social management: Textbook / DV Volovy (and others); Rep. ed. N.N. Gritsenko.-M.: Sintel-Sintez, 1999. - 384 p.

25. Suvaryan Yu.M., Kopyan V.M. Public management of the economy: methodology and modern problems. - Er.: ART, 2003 / in arm. language/.

26. Theory of state and law. Textbook. Ed. M.N. Marchenko. M.: 2001.

27. Chirkin V.E. Public administration. Elementary course. M: Law, 2001.

28. The effectiveness of public administration. Per. from English. M.: Konsat-banker, 1998.

29. law schools and faculties / E.E. Machulskaya. - Norma, 2001. - 252 p.

The system of municipal government: Textbook for universities / Ed. V.G. Zotova - St. Petersburg: Leader, 2005 P.225.

The system of municipal government: Textbook for universities / Ed. V.G. Zotova - St. Petersburg: Leader, 2005 P.221.

Kaverzin M.Yu. State and local self-government: problems of interaction // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. - Ser.: Political science. - 2003. - No. 4 - S. 13-19

Volgin I.A. Social State: Textbook / I.A. Volgin, N.N. Grishchenko, F.I. Sharikov. – M.: Dashkov i K, 2004. p. 56.

Kamsha V.N. We have one task. Employment Center - 15 years // Shcherbinovsky courier. No. 79-80. July 13, 2006

Sultanova Aisylu Alfaritovna, student
Bashkir State Agrarian University

PROBLEMS OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERE
MUNICIPAL CULTURE
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
SOCIAL SPHERE
SPHERE OF CULTURE

This article discusses the problems of the socio-cultural sphere of the municipality and the main directions for their improvement.

Interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the concept of social adaptation

The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaims it a socially oriented state, designed to ensure a decent life and free development of every person. It guarantees the basic social rights of citizens: the right to work and rest, a fixed working day, protection of motherhood and childhood, etc. The state is called upon to protect the rights of its citizens to free education and health care, and to promote the development of social services.

The diversity of all these tasks of public administration is reflected in the socio-cultural sphere, which is understood as a system of versatile relations between people participating in social and spiritual life, a wide range of public (national, international, religious, creative, etc.) relations, in which the interests of people are satisfied and their problems are solved in the field of education, science, culture and art, health care, social security, leisure activities, creative activities, etc.

Social programs are one of the main activities of municipalities. Many people need help, and the task of the deputies of the Moscow Region is to distribute funds in such a way as to help as many people as possible - the poor and large families, pensioners, children.

The most important negative characteristics of the regulatory framework in the field of social sphere management are:

cumbersomeness, high dimension of the set of normative acts, often giving the impression of populist content;
the categorical-sectoral principle of constructing legislation that divides the unified social policy of the state into departments and categories where conditions are created competition for resources;
unsystematic, uncoordinated individual legal acts or their components among themselves, confusion, duplication of provisions, etc.;
a clear unevenness of the legislative framework, both in terms of the number of types of assistance and the number of regulated preferential categories.

In conditions when the municipality almost completely ensures the functioning of the social sphere on its territory, the task of the most optimal organization of the management of the social sphere of the municipality for the efficient use of available funds and the search for additional sources of financing is acute.

The main directions for improving the management of the social life of the municipality should be:

increasing the validity of the development and approval of social programs;
increasing the efficiency of their implementation in conditions of limited budgetary resources.

Consider the main problems of managing the sphere of culture in the municipality.

Municipal culture is an integral part of the cultural sphere of the country, which today prevails in terms of its scale. Access of the population to the services of this sphere characterizes both the quality and the standard of living. Therefore, the preservation and development of cultural objects is the most important state task. The absence of a reasonable approach to the formation of criteria that should be taken into account when determining the volume and direction of financing of cultural objects leads to significant costs. These costs are associated both with the loss of a part of cultural objects and (or) inefficient use of funds allocated for culture. In this regard, develop a system of criteria that should determine the amount of financing for the industry at the level of the municipal budget.

The problems of privatization and municipalization in the sphere of culture, the problems of applying the methods of state regulation of interbudgetary relations in the sectors of the socio-cultural sphere remain little studied. The issues of developing standards for financial costs for cultural services in the budgets of different levels, the use of normative financing methods at the level of municipalities are poorly developed. The effectiveness of the application of the minimum standards developed by the state for individual sub-sectors of culture in the absence of a unified regulatory system of budgetary financing of the industry as a whole has been little studied.

The most difficult problems include the imperfection of the mechanisms for financing the cultural sphere of the municipality in terms of determining the standards for financing cultural objects, and evaluating the effectiveness of the existing culture management system.

What can institutions of the social and cultural sphere do today in order to attract as many visitors as possible?

Firstly, a comprehensive study of the direction and structure of spending free time of the population is necessary.
Secondly, there should be targeted support for cultural innovations that already exist in some regions of Russia - this is the identification, promotion and replication of innovative ideas and technologies for organizing leisure activities for different age groups of the population, and especially young people.
Thirdly, the development and introduction into practice of the activities of various institutions of education, culture and sports of new forms of work and activities. Social and cultural institutions should attract teenagers and young people no less than a street company.
Fourth, informing, as well as educating the population modern methods normalization of a stressful situation and exit from a crisis situation.
Fifth, preparation professional educators leisure, capable of becoming a social technologist in the correctional and educational activities of the younger generation.

Currently, in some regions of Russia, significant experience has been accumulated in innovative methods that can be successfully applied in any other region, but its implementation requires optimization of the cultural life of the region, which should be based on the continuity, preservation and creation of the experience of previous generations.

The provision of a number of services in the socio-cultural sphere has become a profitable business, which will continue to be actively developed at the expense of private capital. First of all, these are trade and public catering enterprises, entertainment establishments, health-improving complexes, certain types medical care, pharmacies, etc.

Bibliography

The relationship of social work and social policy / Per. from English; ed. T. Shanina. - M, 1997.
Grigoryeva I. A. Social policy and social reform in Russia - St. Petersburg, 1998.
Kadomtseva SV Economic bases of the system of social protection. - M., 1997.
Motorenko ED Informatization of education in the field of culture: problems and prospects for advanced training of cultural workers. M., 2006.
Kutliyarov A. N., Kutliyarov D. N., Kutliyarova R. F. Improving the mechanism of state regulation of land relations // Bulletin of the Bashkir State Agrarian University. 2016. No. 1 (37). pp. 119-126.
Ziyazetdinova A. B., Kutliyarova R. F. On the current state of social control in Russia // Economics and Society. 2015. No. 2-2 (15). pp. 544-546.
Kutliyarova R. F. Legal regime of the property of agricultural cooperatives in Russia // Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences / Kazan State University. IN AND. Ulyanov-Lenin. Kazan, 2008.
The main directions of state policy for the development of the sphere of culture and mass communications in the Russian Federation until 2015 and the action plan for their implementation [dated 01.06.2006] No. MF-P44-2462.
Kutliyarova R. F. Property liability of an agricultural cooperative for its obligations // Law: theory and practice. 2008. No. 6. P. 18.
Barbakova K. G., Vasilyeva E. N. Managers in the sphere of culture: problems of preparation and professional activity // Sociological research. 2007. No. 4. pp. 65-69.

Doing

2.1.1 Analysis of the results of monitoring and control over the implementation of the priority national project "Education" in the Chuvash Republic as of January 01, 2011

2.2.1 Analysis of the results of monitoring and control over the implementation of the priority national project "Health" in the Chuvash Republic as of January 01, 2011

Conclusion

Bibliography

Doing

The study of social phenomena and processes is carried out all over the world. Only through research and the creation of a management system is it possible to ensure the satisfaction of the social needs of society. It is a clear strategy for managing the social sphere and social processes that ensures the solution of the economic and social problems of the development of society.

Local self-government in the Russian Federation is a form of exercise by the people of their power, which ensures, within the limits established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, and in cases established by federal laws, by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, an independent and under their own responsibility decision by the population directly and (or) through local self-government bodies, issues of local importance based on the interests of the population, taking into account historical and other local traditions. (Federal Law of the Russian Federation of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ "On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" hereinafter Federal Law of 2003)

The main objectives of the social policy of the state at the present stage of the socio-economic development of Russia are:

-formation of a new housing policy, a federal housing market, stimulation of all types of cost-effective housing construction, a change in the procedure for paying for housing and utilities by the population.

The social sphere reproduces and develops the main wealth of the municipality - its human potential, human capital. The maintenance and development of the social infrastructure of the municipality absorbs a significant share of local budget funds. The main part of the so-called state employees, that is, employees who receive wages from budget funds, work in the social sphere. Therefore, one of the main tasks of local governments is the formation and implementation of municipal social policy.

Municipal social policy is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation aimed at providing the population with social services, maintaining and developing the social sphere of the municipality. That is, municipal management in the social sphere consists in the implementation by municipal government bodies of management activities aimed at maintaining and developing the main branches of the social sphere of the municipality, ensuring the integrity of the local community, in accordance with the powers granted by law.

The purpose of this work is to consider the main issues of managing the social sphere of the municipality.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

.Consider the basics of managing the social sphere of the municipality.

2.Analyze the branches of municipal management of the social sphere.

.Determine the main directions for improving the management of the social sphere of the municipality.

The object of study is the social sphere.

The subject of research in the field of management of the social sphere of the municipality.

1. Fundamentals of managing the social sphere of the municipality

1.1 The concept and essence of the management of the social sphere of the municipality

Municipal social policy is a system of goals, objectives and mechanisms for their implementation aimed at providing the population with social services, maintaining and developing the social sphere of the municipality. It is built in line with the social policy of the state and in cooperation with public authorities, primarily with the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Through the municipal social policy, both the own powers of local self-government and the state powers transferred to the municipal level in the social sphere are implemented.

The social sphere and social policy (state and municipal) can be considered in a broader and narrower sense. In a broad sense, the social sphere includes everything that ensures human life. In this sense, all municipal policy is social. In a narrower sense, the social sphere of the municipality is understood as the sphere of reproduction of the person himself, his physical and spiritual characteristics, while the reproduction of the material and material environment of the human habitat refers to the city-serving sphere.

Social policy is carried out on the basis of the interests of people and is the management of interests.

municipal government social sphere

1.2 Forms and methods of managing the social sphere of the municipality

The most important mechanism for implementing the social policy of the state is the system of minimum social standards. Social standard - the minimum required level of satisfaction of the social needs of the population.

Minimum social standards are set in the following areas:

normative provision with living space;

the marginal share of payment for housing and communal services in the total family income;

educational standards and programs within which education is free;

a list of medical and preventive services provided at the expense of budgetary funds.

Minimum social standards are designed to establish those threshold values of social benefits for a person, below which it is impossible to fall (from the standpoint of modern ideas about the level and quality of life). This "standard" level of social benefits, guaranteed to every person, should be affordable or even free for the consumer, i.e. partially or fully paid from budgetary and extrabudgetary funds.

Social standards are expressed through social norms. Social norms are uniform or group measures of social needs for homogeneous territories. Types of social norms:

norms of daily water consumption per inhabitant;

Until 2003 all these standards and norms were state and regulated by federal legal acts. Federal Law 2003 determined the right of local self-government bodies to independently establish municipal minimum social standards and norms for the provision of budgetary services on issues of local importance.

The task of the municipal level of government is to specify the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals defined in the framework of federal and regional social policy, in relation to the characteristics of specific territories. human life and reproduction. On the basis of regional norms and standards, local governments can develop local social norms and standards that take into account the specifics of a particular municipality.

The competence of municipalities different types in the field of social policy is defined by the Federal Law of 2003. The competence of urban districts includes the sum of the competence of settlements and municipal districts.

The principle of division of competence between settlements and municipal districts is that the issues of education and healthcare are mainly brought to the level of municipal districts, requiring appropriate infrastructure, sophisticated equipment and technical means, information support, trained personnel and significant maintenance costs.

The actual volume of social services provided to the population by local governments is much wider than that provided for by the 2003 Federal Law.

Local self-government bodies also carry out activities and maintain organizational structures to combat drug addiction, child homelessness, promote the organization of employment of the population, participate in the preparation and registration of labor agreements between labor collectives and employers on the territory of municipalities, in resolving labor disputes. In the light of the Federal Law No. social services of all these institutions and activities of local governments, as well as the payment of salaries of teachers and other expenses for the financial support of the educational process should be considered as state powers. They may be assigned to local self-government bodies of urban districts and municipal districts by federal laws and laws of subjects of the Russian Federation with the allocation of material and financial resources necessary for their implementation. This provision is consistent with the principle of subsidiarity and is appropriate, since local governments are better aware of all the conditions and factors for the provision of specific social services to specific people.

1.3 Mechanisms for the implementation of social management

The most important mechanism for implementing the social policy of the state is the system of state minimum social standards. Social standard - the minimum required level of satisfaction of the social needs of the population. Some examples of minimum social standards:

the minimum level of wages;

the minimum level of social pensions and other social benefits;

mandatory standards and programs within which education is free;

Minimum social standards are designed to establish those threshold values of social benefits for a person, below which it is impossible to fall (from the standpoint of modern representatives about the level and quality of life). This "standard" level of social benefits, guaranteed to every person, should be affordable or even free for the consumer, i.e. partially or fully paid from budgetary and extrabudgetary funds.

Social standards are expressed through social norms. Social norms are uniform or group measures of social needs for homogeneous territories. Examples of social norms:

the rate of provision of the population with institutions of the socio-cultural sphere;

occupancy rates of school classes and groups in preschool institutions;

norms for providing the population with certain social services;

norms of personnel and material support in the provision of social services.

On the basis of regional norms and standards, local governments can develop local social norms and standards that take into account the specifics of a particular municipality.

The actual volume of social services provided to the population by local governments is as follows:

complex centers of social service for veterans and other social groups;

social rehabilitation centers and social shelters for minors;

homes for the disabled and the elderly;

orphanages;

centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population, etc.

2. Municipal management of social sectors

2.1 Municipal administration in the field of education

In the education system, CHIs carry out activities: within their competence, property relations; on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of municipal educational institutions; on the creation and liquidation of municipal educational authorities or self-governing school districts, determining their structure and powers, appointing and dismissing heads of local education authorities in agreement with state educational authorities; by appointment of the heads of municipal educational institutions, unless otherwise provided by the model regulation on the educational institution or its own decision.

The municipal education system is a territorially isolated and relatively independent part of the education system of a subject of the Federation, interconnected with other similar parts.

It operates on the basis and within the framework of regulatory legal acts and other restrictions imposed by federal and regional authorities and education management, has independent connections and relationships with other objects and institutions both inside and outside its region, which implies the openness of the educational system for social partnership.

The main goal of managing the municipal education system in modern conditions should be to ensure the highest possible rates of building up its capabilities and using them to raise the municipality to a qualitatively new level, to create a favorable innovative environment that encourages educational and other institutions to actively update. The analysis of theoretical research and practical experience of management organizations gives reason to talk about three main models of the organizational structure of municipal education authorities.

1. By educational areas. It involves the formation within the framework of the governing bodies of the main divisions according to the number of controlled educational areas, in each of which all work is grouped to ensure the conditions for the functioning and development of institutions of the corresponding type: preschool, general education, additional education. The main advantage of such a structure is that each unit is responsible for the whole range of conditions in a relatively isolated educational area and can work offline. This contributes to the formation of a holistic image of the situation within a particular educational sphere and facilitates the adoption of coordinated decisions to change it in the desired direction, favorable conditions are created for coordinating the interaction of specialists within the unit. The disadvantages of such a structure include the need for a large number of narrowly specialized specialists (for example, in matters of logistics, training and retraining of personnel, etc.), who, being in different departments, cannot interchange each other. Difficulty professional communication single-profile specialists, which prevents their mutual enrichment of experience and professional growth. It is also difficult for the heads of departments to adequately assess the abilities and quality of work of subordinates.

2. By functional subsystems. It generates a structure consisting of specialized functional units, within each of which the management of a certain type of conditions or resources necessary for the development of the education system is concentrated. These can be units that implement the functions of managing human resources, material and technical, methodological, financial support, etc.

Advantages of this model: it provides a clear division of responsibility for the implementation of the functions of the governing body; specialization of departments makes it possible to manage with a smaller number of specialists of each profile, facilitates the growth of managerial staff qualifications and increases the interchangeability of employees in departments.

Disadvantages: due to the large number of horizontal connections characteristic of functional structures, their coordination is greatly complicated. This is especially pronounced when it is necessary to simultaneously solve an increasing number of new, non-standard tasks related to the development of the education system and requiring the coordinated work of all departments. Functional differentiation leads to the fact that the general goals of the entire management body are out of sight of its structural divisions.

3. Program target. This model involves the structuring of work related to the management of the development of education, through the creation of both new permanent units within the framework of the basic structure, and temporary special structural units focused on the development and management of the implementation of targeted development programs. Such a model increases the flexibility and adaptability of managing the development of the education system, improves its coordination in conditions of instability of the internal and external environment, and therefore is preferable.

.1.1 Analysis of the results of monitoring and control over the implementation of the priority national project "Education" in the Chuvash Republic as of January 01, 2011.

During the implementation of the priority national project "Education" in the reporting period of 2010, the following changes were made:

In 2010, the Chuvash Republic became the winner of the competitive selection of constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the implementation of pilot projects to improve school catering. 15.0 million rubles were allocated for the implementation of this project in 2010, including 7.5 million rubles from the federal budget.

As a result of the project implementation, 16 pilot schools (9 schools in Cheboksary and 7 special (correctional) schools) have created a modern infrastructure for school canteens, formed an attractive image of a healthy school food system, and introduced new generation preventive programs to form a food culture.

In addition, new "points of development" of the electronic environment are being introduced: a cashless payment system using electronic cards, an electronic menu, and electronic monitoring of the health of schoolchildren.

In the schools participating in the project, the premises of the catering units were repaired, technological equipment was updated.

the year that passed under the sign of the Year of the Teacher in the Russian Federation and the Chuvash Republic was marked by a surge in the high creative activity of teachers of the republic. During the year, more than 250 significant events were held aimed at increasing the prestige of the teaching profession and the quality of pedagogical work.

In 2010, 2.2 million rubles were allocated from the federal budget to encourage the 11 best teachers of the republic, and from the consolidated budget of the Chuvash Republic - funds in the amount of 10.6 million rubles (200 awards of 50 thousand rubles each) were allocated to encourage the best teachers. , 30 prizes of 20 thousand rubles each).

Thanks to the dissemination of the best educational practices, the modernization of the system for improving the classification of class teachers, educational work in schools has significantly intensified. One of the indicators of quality improvement educational work is to reduce the number of crimes committed by minors. At the end of 2010, the share of crimes committed by minors in the total number of registered crimes decreased from 5.6% in 2009 to 5.4%, the number of participants in crimes decreased by 24.4%.

For the introduction of modern educational technologies in 2010, 7.03 million rubles were allocated from the consolidated budget of the Chuvash Republic. Funding from the federal budget is not provided.

At present, all 503 schools of the republic use Internet resources at the expense of the consolidated budget of the Chuvash Republic. Funds for these purposes are provided for in the republican and municipal target programs for the development of a unified educational information environment in the republic.

In 2010, work continued on the modernization of the portal "Education of Chuvashia", a special software, which allows creating a unified system of protection for computers of all schools from information that is incompatible with the tasks of education and upbringing (negative content).

Since 2008, the project "Distance Education for Children with Disabilities" has been implemented in the republic. A network of republican support sites "A home-based school with a distance model of education for children with disabilities in terms of integration" has been created on the basis of educational institutions in Cheboksary, Shumerlya, Kanash, Novocheboksarsk, where 56 children study.

In October 2009, within the framework of the PNPO project, the Republican Center for Distance Education of Disabled Children was established, in which 34 children study. A republican network of remote municipal schools has been formed, which includes 44 general educational institutions of the republic.

It trains 66 children with disabilities in distance general education programs. In total, 156 children with disabilities are currently covered by distance learning.

2.2 Municipal health administration

Health care is one of the most important subdivisions of the social infrastructure of the municipality. Compliance with constitutional guarantees for the provision of medical care and the creation of favorable sanitary and epidemiological conditions for the life of the population presupposes structural changes in the healthcare system.

The main goal of municipal healthcare is to meet the needs of the population in healthcare services related to the jurisdiction of local government, at a level not lower than the state minimum social standards. In specific conditions, local goals can be formed, for example, meeting the needs of the population in health care services on the principles of general accessibility, observing guarantees for the provision of medical services (treatment-and-prophylactic, health-improving, medical-diagnostic, etc.), ensuring their quality, etc.

control over observance of legislation in the field of health protection; protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the field of health care;

formation of management bodies of the municipal health care system;

coordination and control of the activities of enterprises, institutions and organizations of the state and municipal health care systems within their powers, control over the quality of medical and social assistance provided in the private health care system;

implementation of measures for compulsory medical insurance of citizens;

licensing of medical and pharmaceutical activities in the jurisdictional territory on behalf of the public health administration body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

regular informing the population about the prevalence of socially significant diseases;

creation and maintenance of institutions for the rehabilitation of disabled people and persons suffering from mental disorders; organization of their education, professional retraining and employment, creation of specialized institutions for terminally ill patients;

sanitary and hygienic education of the population.

A necessary condition for ensuring the sanitary well-being of the population is hygienic education and education of citizens, which is carried out in educational institutions by including sections on hygiene knowledge in the training and education programs. In the process of training and certification of managers, specialists of enterprises and organizations whose nature of activity is related to the production, storage, transportation and sale of food products and drinking water, public utilities and consumer services, etc., hygienic training is provided.

One of the most difficult problems of municipal health care is its financing, which is multi-channel. Preventive measures are financed at the expense of budgetary funds, sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the territory, children's health care, treatment of certain diseases (tuberculosis, mental illness), etc. are ensured.

The system of compulsory medical insurance consists in the free provision of a certain set of medical services to citizens at the expense of the state non-budgetary Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (FOMS). This set is determined in the lists approved by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments (regional and municipal programs of compulsory medical insurance). The source of funds from the MHIF are insurance premiums paid by employers for their employees as part of the unified social tax. Contribution rates are established by federal law. Until recently, insurance premiums for the non-working population were paid from local budgets, and municipalities were large debtors of the MHIF. Then these functions were transferred to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Insurance organizations, which receive funds from the MHIF, conclude contracts with medical institutions and pay for the medical services they provide according to the number of patients actually treated and the nature of the services provided. Thus, a patient who has a compulsory health insurance policy, in principle, has the opportunity to choose between medical institutions, which allows creating a competitive environment in medical care and improving its quality. In fact, the compulsory health insurance system is unstable and needs to be seriously reformed.

The possibility of solving the tasks set for municipal healthcare, the implementation of the adopted programs depend on the municipal healthcare management system, the effectiveness of its influence on the processes taking place in the healthcare sector. In the context of an acute budget deficit, ensuring guaranteed rights of the population in the field of healthcare requires the optimal use of resources intended for this, which, in turn, involves choosing priorities for the development of healthcare, determining and financing the most effective forms of medical care. In particular, more attention should be paid to the preventive direction of protecting the health of citizens with a corresponding redistribution of financial resources from the inpatient to the outpatient sector.

increasing the demand of the population for highly qualified medical care, comfortable conditions for staying in a hospital; the existence of a legislative framework for the provision of paid medical services.

2.2.1 Analysis of the results of monitoring and control over the implementation of the priority national project "Health" in the Chuvash Republic as of January 01, 2011

During the implementation of the priority national project in the field of healthcare in the territory of the Chuvash Republic, which began in 2006 and continued this year, the following positive changes were achieved:

In the eleven months of 2010, 199 more babies were born than in the same period in 2009. The birth rate increased by 1.6%, amounting to 12.7 per 1,000 people.

The favorable epidemiological situation regarding HIV infection in the Chuvash Republic remains: 95% of subjects are under dispensary observation. In 2010, 128 HIV-infected people were identified.

As of December 31, 2010, the staffing of district general practitioners, district pediatricians, general practitioners and nurses working with this category of doctors in the republic was 95%.

As of December 31, 2010, the coefficient of part-time employment in healthcare institutions of the republic amounted to 1.01; the percentage of certification of primary care doctors - 99.9%, nurses - 99.8%.

2.3 Municipal housing management

In 2004, a package of more than 20 federal laws was adopted, which are designed to create conditions for the formation of an affordable housing market. In particular, they are called upon:

ensure the availability of housing for the population through the development of the banking sector, providing citizens with long-term (10-15 years) loans for the purchase or construction of housing secured by their existing housing (mortgage) and at moderate interest rates;

ensure the protection of citizens' property rights to housing on the basis of state systems for recording and registering rights to real estate;

protect the rights of creditors through the possibility of foreclosure on housing - the subject of mortgage in case of default on obligations under the loan agreement;

ensure access of banks lending housing construction to new long-term credit resources of the pension and insurance systems through the development of the mortgage securities market;

to improve the systems of state registration of rights to real estate and accounting for real estate objects, to ensure an increase in the transparency, reliability and information availability of these systems, to reduce costs and service time for housing market participants, to abolish the mandatory notarization of mortgage agreements;

reduce the administrative barriers for investors to the housing construction market, obtaining a land plot.

The implementation of this package of laws will significantly expand the effective demand of the population for housing, increase the supply of housing, including through housing construction, and ensure the availability of housing for the main groups of the population.

The priority national project "Affordable and comfortable housing for the citizens of Russia" at the first stage of implementation (2006-2007) includes four areas: "Improving the affordability of housing", "Increasing the volume of mortgage lending", "Increasing the volume of housing construction and modernization of public utilities infrastructure", "Fulfillment of state obligations to provide housing to categories of citizens established by federal legislation".

The mechanisms for the implementation of the project are the federal target program "Housing" for 2002-2010. and the subprograms included in it and the provision of subventions to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the expense of the Federal Compensation Fund for the provision of housing for veterans, disabled people and families with disabled children.

An indisputable achievement of the national project is that almost all regions have begun to deal with the housing problem. But, it should be noted that, despite the annual growth in housing construction, most of the commissioned housing is the so-called "housing for sale", and the rest is social housing, which is issued to preferential categories of citizens.

The new edition of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, along with the Land Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws, should: ensure the complexity and consistency of the norms governing the activities of territorial planning, preparation and implementation of investment projects in the field of housing and other construction; remove obstacles to investing in real estate and housing construction, regulate the activities in this area of the state, local governments, individuals and legal entities; to form land use rules for the purpose of building on the territory of the municipality.

Federal Law 2003 assigns two main tasks to the local governments of urban and rural settlements and urban districts in the field of housing policy:

) providing low-income citizens living on the territory of the municipality and in need of better housing conditions with living quarters from the municipal housing stock on the terms of social hiring;

) creation of conditions for housing construction for the purpose of acquiring housing by other categories of citizens.

2.3.1 Analysis of the results of monitoring and control over the implementation of the priority national project "Affordable and comfortable housing for the citizens of Russia" in the Chuvash Republic as of January 01, 2011.

The implementation of the priority national project "Affordable and comfortable housing for the citizens of Russia" in the Chuvash Republic is carried out on the basis of the Agreement on the implementation of the priority national project dated March 16, 2006 No. 51, concluded between the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Chuvash Republic.

On May 20, 2008, the Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Communal Services and the Chuvash Republic signed an Agreement on the provision of federal budget funds in 2008 in order to compensate for the cash costs incurred by the republican budget of the Chuvash Republic under the subprogram "Provision of housing for young families" of the federal target program " Housing" for 2002-2010.

The executive authorities of the Chuvash Republic signed agreements on the implementation of the priority national project with all 26 municipalities of the Chuvash Republic.

In the course of the implementation of the priority national project "Affordable and comfortable housing for the citizens of Russia" in the territory of the Chuvash Republic, the following positive changes took place in the reporting period.

In accordance with the Procedure for the provision of lump-sum cash payments for the construction or purchase of residential premises to citizens entitled to improve their living conditions in accordance with the federal laws "On Veterans" and "On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation", approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Chuvash Republic dated 16 November 2007, No. 289, veterans of the Great Patriotic War received the right to use a one-time cash payment not only for the purchase of housing under a sale and purchase agreement, but also for participation in the shared construction of an apartment or for the construction of an individual house in a contract way. As a result, 20% of certificates of the right to a one-time cash payment were sold by citizens in the primary market through participation in shared housing construction or the construction of an individual house.

2.4 Municipal management in the field of social support for certain groups of the population

In the system of social protection of the population, despite the fact that this service has been transferred to a regional department, the activities of municipal government bodies have three areas:

a) creation of equal opportunities for all to receive appropriate material and spiritual benefits, development of creativity, scientific potential;

b) provision of all social minimums determined in accordance with state standards. First of all, these are: upbringing, education, health care, providing housing for the poor, social security for old age and disability, obtaining qualified management assistance by citizens, providing public services, cultural, educational and other services in the field of spiritual culture, ensuring the environmental cleanliness of the living environment;

c) special social protection and provision of those groups of the population who, due to physical, mental or other disabilities, cannot fully create for themselves all the necessary benefits for life.

This system provides them with additional rights and benefits:

on taxation and payment of pensions and benefits;

for the construction and maintenance of housing, as well as its receipt and acquisition;

for communal services and trade services;

for medical care, sanatorium treatment, provision of medicines;

ensuring vehicles and travel expenses;

on employment, training, retraining and working conditions;

on the use of services of communication institutions and sports and recreational institutions;

for receiving social services, social and legal assistance.

Unfortunately, operating system social protection and social guarantees does not correspond to the basic principles of a market economy, does not have sufficient flexibility and needs a radical transformation.

The main principles of the modern system of social protection:

.A differentiated approach to different strata and groups of the population, depending on their social status, age, ability to work and degree of economic independence.

For the disabled (the elderly, children, the disabled), the main emphasis should be placed on maintaining well-being, ensuring the level of consumption of the most important material and socio-cultural benefits, creating reliable guarantees, the amount of individual income, etc. As for the able-bodied, for them state guarantees in the field of living standards should be reduced to a minimum. Here the principle of earnings should apply, including most of the benefits that were previously provided free of charge.

.The mechanism of social protection should be formed not on the basis of state charity, but as a set of legislatively fixed economic, legal and social guarantees.

The social protection system should not be based on the episodic adoption of disparate one-time decisions to improve financial situation certain groups of the population who find themselves in a difficult situation. In the meantime, we are not dealing with a complex system, but with a kind of "ambulance" for patching up the most noticeable social gaps. If this practice more or less corresponded to the needs of the administrative-command economy, then in the conditions of the market it is futile.

.The social protection system should be integrated, operate at all levels: federal, republican, regional, regional, even at an enterprise (company), joint-stock company with a clear definition of the rights, responsibilities and functions of each of them. The most expedient way is to create a multi-level system, in which the guarantees established at the higher level would supplement and develop at the lower ones. Thus, at the federal level, the establishment of a minimum level of guarantees for the entire population of the country, regardless of place of residence, should be maintained.

2.5 Municipal management of the regulation of employment and labor relations

In the system of employment of the population, municipal government bodies carry out their functions in close connection with employment centers in districts and cities, territorial divisions of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment. During the period of mass layoffs of the labor force, municipal authorities: analyze the impact of this event on the labor market; coordinate the implementation of retraining and retraining programs for redundant workers; carry out an intermediary role in conflict situations at enterprises; render financial assistance enterprises planning a mass release; develop measures to promote employment; prepare proposals for the re-profiling and privatization of enterprises.

The object of management is a set of relations related to the employment of workers, the use and payment of labor. This set includes factors that determine the demand for labor, the supply of labor, the mechanism of influence of supply and demand. The subjects of management are the state, municipal bodies (municipalities), entrepreneurs (unions of entrepreneurs), trade unions and other public organizations.

The goals and objectives of managing the municipal labor market differ depending on the state of external (global, macroeconomic) and internal, natural and climatic, socio-economic, political conditions, on the ideology prevailing in society and a number of other factors.

Municipal labor market management includes a number of functions:

forecasting the demand and supply of labor;

-planning of training and retraining of personnel;

organization of measures to increase the level of employment of the population and labor efficiency;

regulation of employment in different market segments;

staff motivation;

monitoring the implementation of programs and employment plans;

accounting for the expenditure of resources and the results of management activities.

Municipal governments use various forms, methods and tools to influence the state of the labor market. A form is understood as a way of organizing management methods. Management methods are divided into regulatory, administrative and economic. This division is conditional, since all of them are interdependent and interconnected. Nevertheless, such division of methods is necessary.

Regulatory and legal methods provide for the change and improvement of existing institutions, they are carried out through the issuance of laws, presidential decrees, government decisions and resolutions, resolutions of the heads of municipalities.

Administrative methods include direct prohibitions on certain actions of economic entities, quantitative restrictions, regulations and procedures.

In the context of the development of a market economy, economic methods are becoming increasingly important in the mechanism of managing the labor market: stimulating the investment activity of economic entities through budget allocations, changes in interest rates of bank loans and tax rates. The use of economic methods allows:

-change the scope of employee training;

organize social protection of the unemployed population, ensure their employment;

raise the level of wages.

Economic opportunities for influencing the labor market in municipalities are currently limited.

An important element of municipal regulation is the forecasting of factors that determine the state of the labor market: economic, demographic, climatic, migratory, etc. Forecasts determine the direction, intensity, forms of impact on the state of the labor market.

In the practice of labor market management, the balances of demand and supply of labor, the balances of labor resources are used.

Social programs have a great influence on the state of the municipal labor market. They define the sources of all resources that are necessary to complete the tasks of the program, the composition of participants, the timing, and the duration of individual stages of the program. These features allow you to concentrate the resources of many sources, combine the efforts of several organizations, achieve high level organization of work and in the shortest possible time to achieve the goals of the program and minimize the cost of resources. Currently, labor programs are being developed at the federal, regional and local levels.

3. Main directions for improving the management of the social sphere of the municipality

As a result of the analysis of municipal management of social sphere sectors, which was carried out in Chapter 2, a number of problems were identified in the main directions of municipal management of the social sphere, which must be tried to be solved in order to ensure the integrity of the local community. Let us consider the main directions for improving the municipal management of the social sphere.

The problem of employment in a market economy is solved in the labor markets of the regional and local levels, which involve certain relations between employers (employers) and employees regarding the sale and purchase of labor, as well as the relationship of employers with each other and employees with each other.

The priorities of management in the field of employment at the level of the municipality should be: promoting the employment of graduates of schools and vocational schools; providing targeted material and psychological support to persons in special need of social protection; development of new forms of interaction with employers; increasing the competitiveness of the labor force (organization of professional retraining and advanced training of the employed population of the municipality).

At the level of municipalities, it is important to provide employment assistance to people who are in particular need of social protection. These include young people, disabled people, women, people discharged from the ranks of the Russian army, etc.

Housing issue. The main task is to increase the level of provision of citizens with their own housing on the basis of the formation of an affordable housing market. The solution of this problem requires an interconnected consideration of the issues of increasing the solvency of the population and the possibilities of its satisfaction in the existing housing market and through an increase in the volume of housing construction.

The implementation of the housing issue is one of the main tasks of municipal authorities. Each municipality should establish municipal housing standards that take into account local conditions.

Municipalities interested in increasing the volume of housing construction should ensure the supply of land plots for housing construction, equipped with engineering infrastructure.

In practice, the implementation of the priority national project "Affordable and Comfortable Housing" led to an increase in prices in the housing market and the affordability of housing has not changed. Despite the increased volumes of mortgage lending, it has not become a solution to the housing problem in the country. For the majority of citizens, based on the level of wages in the country, the mortgage remains a very expensive "pleasure".

A new subprogram with the working title "Formation of land plots for housing construction" is needed. In this subprogram and partially in the subprogram "Resettlement of citizens of the Russian Federation from dilapidated and emergency stock", in accordance with the new Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop and implement a mechanism for the allocation and engineering arrangement of sites that have a set of initial permits for housing construction, as well as a mechanism subsequent sale of such plots to investors-developers on a competitive basis. Financing of work on the formation of sites will be carried out on a parity basis at the expense of the regional (municipal) and federal budgets. Federal funds - on a repayable basis (for example, an interest-free loan), while dealing a serious blow to the conditions for the existence in the construction process of such concepts as "corruption" and "bribes"

A particularly difficult problem for local governments is finding funds for the construction of municipal housing for low-income citizens. Local sources of financial resources are extremely limited. A cardinal solution to this problem is possible only with the help of the state through federal and regional housing construction programs.

Consider healthcare. Health care is one of the most important subdivisions of the social infrastructure of the municipality. The following structural changes are needed in the healthcare system:

priority in the healthcare system of preventive measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of the population, the threat of epidemics;

protection of the patient's rights to receive timely and high-quality medical care as an initial condition for the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

The priority national project "Health", which is already being implemented, includes a set of measures to solve the main problems of health care, namely, optimization of spending budget funds, shifting the focus of medical care to the primary link (pre-hospital stage), and the preventive focus of health care. The goal of this priority project is to make expensive (high-tech) assistance available to as many citizens as possible.

Also, in order to solve problems in this area, it is necessary to: improve healthcare financing (both by increasing financial revenues and by increasing the efficiency of existing healthcare financing mechanisms, including modernizing the system of compulsory medical insurance), concretizing state guarantees of medical care (according to types, volumes, procedure and conditions for the provision of medical care, which is guaranteed to all citizens of the Russian Federation free of charge).

A necessary condition for ensuring the sanitary well-being of the population is hygienic education and education of citizens.

Now let's move on to education. Today, the connection between modern, high-quality education and the prospect of building a civil society, an efficient economy and a secure state is obvious. The goal of the launched priority national project "Education" is to accelerate the modernization of Russian education, to ensure the success of the country's educational system, and ultimately to achieve a modern quality of education that is adequate to the changing demands of society and socio-economic conditions. This goal should determine the main direction of municipal management in the field of education.

The support of institutions of higher education and science by local self-government bodies may consist of preferential taxation, the provision of premises for rent, assistance in providing housing for teaching and scientific personnel. Local self-government bodies can carry out municipal orders to universities and scientific institutions to conduct applied research.

Now consider the realm of culture. Local governments pay insufficient attention to the implementation of state policy in the field of culture. They should proceed from the recognition of the equal dignity of cultures, equality of rights and freedoms in the field of culture of all living in the territory of the municipality. ethnic communities and religious denominations. Important issues are the support of folk arts and crafts, regional and local national-cultural autonomies, the study of national languages and other ethno-cultural subjects in educational institutions, which are attributed by federal legislation to the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The activities of local governments in the field of culture should be aimed at ensuring the general availability of cultural activities, cultural values for the population. Within their competence, local governments should create conditions for the development of a network of special institutions and organizations: art schools, studios, courses - to support these institutions, to ensure the availability and free of charge for the population of the basic services of libraries and other cultural institutions.

Many areas mass culture and leisure are self-sustaining, and some (for example, the organization of concerts by popular artists, casinos, etc.) serve as sources of replenishment of local budget revenues. Local authorities should promote the development of all forms of organization of cultural and leisure activities on the territory of the municipality.

The issue of the development of physical culture and sports is also very relevant. The most important direction of the policy of local governments in the field of physical culture and sports should be the physical education of preschool children, as well as those studying in educational institutions. For this it is necessary: to improve the quality of physical education on the basis of mandatory regulatory requirements for physical fitness in preschool and other educational institutions, children's health, youth and sports camps; expand and reconstruct existing sports facilities, build new sports facilities for physical culture and health improvement work and training of sports reserves;

Local self-government bodies, physical culture and sports associations, together with physical culture and sports associations of the disabled, should participate in organizing physical culture and health improvement work with people with disabilities, in holding physical culture and health and sports events with them, in training disabled athletes and ensuring their referral to all-Russian and international sport competitions.

Local self-government bodies should participate in the organization of physical culture and recreation work with young people, promote their involvement in systematic physical education and sports in order to form a healthy lifestyle, take measures to prevent crime, jointly with physical culture and sports organizations hold mass sports competitions and sports days; to create, with the participation of youth, children's and other organizations, health-improving and sports clubs, including defense-sports clubs.

Municipal support for certain groups of the population is also very important: the elderly and the disabled; family, motherhood and childhood; as well as persons in critical situations. For each of the listed categories, the state should develop specific social protection programs, and at the local level - social support programs.

And finally, youth policy. The state should provide support to enterprising, capable, talented youth, provide budgetary support in the acquisition of housing for young families and young rural professionals who need housing or improved living conditions.

Departments or departments for youth affairs created and functioning in the structure of municipal executive authorities need both coordination of their activities and methodological, personnel and organizational support from public authorities.

Youth policy at the municipal level, closely related to state policy, should take into account the most acute problems of youth in a particular municipality in the field of health and leisure, employment and education, and everyday problems. At the municipal level, an integral system of social support for young people, their training and employment should be formed, which contributes to the development of the youth and youth movement and creates opportunities for regulating youth migration, ensuring the protection of the rights and realization of the interests of young people, supporting young families.

The current stage of development of municipalities is characterized by the growing role of the information sphere, which is a set of information, information infrastructure, entities that collect, form, disseminate and use information. The problem of providing mass media to municipalities, and especially small rural settlements, is a serious task at the state level, which should be addressed by both federal and regional authorities by regulating these issues in legal acts, assessing the actual resources and information opportunities each municipality, as well as the creation by the authorities of legislative and legal conditions for attracting non-state financial and material resources of enterprises of all forms of ownership to the sphere of informatization of municipalities.

In order to further improve and develop the information policy of municipalities, the following activities can be carried out:

Monitoring of the most important information resources available on the territory of the municipality; their registration, certification, determination of owners and holders. The result will be a technology for the formation of information resources and their use. As intangible assets, information resources must be put on the balance sheet.

Creation of an archive of information resources in each subject of the Russian Federation. This archive can include all electronic versions of information resources and those paper media that are not classified as federal property. Corresponding branches of the archive can be created on the territory of municipalities.

Imposing on the owners of information resources that are municipal property the obligation to insure this property. This is necessary due to the threat of occurrence of circumstances as a result of which information resources can be stolen, damaged or destroyed.

Creation of economic conditions for the integration of departmental information resources into regional and municipal ones.

Activation of the creation of a network of Internet centers in cities and regions of the subjects of the federation.

Definition of a package of social services guaranteed to consumers for municipalities: radio; social package of TV channels; collective access to the Internet; free services help desk 09; rural post office.

The product of a uniform zoning of the territories of the constituent entities of the federation, from the point of view of investment attractiveness, for the subsequent competitive distribution of zones among operators serving the systems of collective television reception.

Opening of sites of municipal television and radio companies.

Determination of the social package of municipal printed publications in the state languages of the subject of the federation, through a system of grants. Optimization of budget expenditures for state support currently provided to municipal print media.

Introduction on local regional TV channels of a permanent heading "News of municipalities".

Thus, the interaction of the media and new forms of organization of local self-government - municipalities - is a dynamically developing process. Since the development of society largely depends on modern media, the role they play in society, studying the interaction of new authorities and mass media on the territory of municipalities helps to change people's lifestyle for the better. Constructive interaction between the media and public authorities, public organizations on the territory of municipalities is necessary and possible. To coordinate this interaction, the authorities have certain institutions, resources, methods and techniques.

Conclusion

At the end of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Municipal management in the social sphere is connected, first of all, with the fact that the population and the municipal bodies created by it can be more effective than state bodies, solve the problems of improving the level and quality of life of the inhabitants of a given territory, provide socio-cultural and other vital needs of the population .

A feature of the sphere of social regulation is the predominance of institutions financed from the local budget.

The main objectives of the social policy of the development state of Russia are:

-the creation of conditions for every able-bodied citizen, allowing him to maintain his own well-being through labor and enterprise;

-strengthening targeted social support from the state, primarily for poorly protected groups of the population;

-implementation of comprehensive measures and special programs in the field of wages and pensions, employment policy;

-reforming the social sphere on the basis of a reasonable combination of the principles of paid and free healthcare, education, and culture services;

-formation of a new housing policy, a federal housing market, stimulating all types of cost-effective housing construction, changing the procedure for paying for housing and utilities by the population;

-youth support, training and employment.

Municipal policy in the social sphere, first of all, should be aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person, in particular:

improving the state of the environment;
maintaining a socially safe level of unemployment;
support for the population living below the subsistence level;
formation of an affordable housing market.

Bibliography

Constitution of the Russian Federation. - M.: Prior, 2001. - 39 p.

Federal Law "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation" (with subsequent amendments and additions) dated October 06, 2003 No. 131-FZ.

Federal Law "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" (as amended on November 16, 1997, July 20, August 7, December 27, 2000) dated January 13, 1996 No. 12-FZ

Law of the Russian Federation "On health insurance of citizens in the Russian Federation" dated June 28, 1991 No. 1499-1

Federal Law "On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation" dated December 15, 2001 No. 167-FZ.

Federal Law "On Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation" dated November 24, 1995 No. No. 181-FZ.

Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" dated December 10, 1995 No. No. 195 - FZ.

Decree of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 03.06.1993 No. No. 5090-1 "On the Main Directions of the State Youth Policy in the Russian Federation".

. "Management of the development of the social sphere of municipalities: Educational and methodological manual / Under the unit of E.V. Tishina. - M .: Municipal authority, 2001. - 344 p.

Volodin A.M., Nemchinov A.A. Municipal Service: Reference Manual. Moscow: Delo i Service, 2002.

. "The system of municipal administration": textbook / A.A. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed., corrected. And extra. - M.: KNORUS, 2010 - 736 p.

State and municipal management: lecture notes. - Higher education, 2008. - 183 p.

Zotov, V.B. Municipal administration / V.B. Zotov, Z.M. Makashev - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2002. - 327 p.

The Constitution guarantees to everyone social security in old age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for the upbringing of children and in other cases established by law.

The Constitution proclaims the right of everyone:

- to work in conditions that meet the requirements of safety and hygiene;

- for housing;

- for medical care in state and municipal health care institutions at the expense of budgetary funds, insurance premiums, and other: sources;

- for free pre-school, basic general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal educational institutions and enterprises;

– for the use of cultural and leisure institutions and cultural values.

The Russian system of social policy is based on the principles of "who you are" (availability of social pensions and a developed system of categorical benefits) and "what have you done" (the system of labor pensions). The “what you have” principle is used in part, for example, in the determination of housing subsidies and the payment of child allowances.

Let us define the role of the municipality in the implementation of social policy.

One of the main tasks of local governments is the formation and implementation of municipal social policy.

- the minimum level of wages;

– the minimum level of social pensions and other social benefits;

- mandatory standards and programs within which education is free;

- a list of medical and preventive services provided at the expense of budgetary funds.

Minimum social standards are designed to establish those threshold values of social benefits for a person, below which it is impossible to fall (from the standpoint of modern representatives about the level and quality of life). This "standard" level of social benefits, guaranteed to every person, must be affordable or generally free for the consumer, that is, partially or fully paid for from budgetary and non-budgetary funds.