Presentation on the theme "animals of different continents". Presentation "animals of different continents" World Wildlife Fund symbol

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BROWN BEAR

predatory mammal of the bear family. Body length 1.7–2.2 meters, weight 100–340 kg.

The brown bear inhabits the deciduous and coniferous forests of Eurasia and North America.

These are densely built animals, with an elongated facial region, small eyes and ears, a sloping back and a short tail. The fur is thick, brown, of various shades. The paws are powerful, five-fingered, the claws are strong, strongly curved. The largest brown bears living in the Russian Far East and Alaska can reach 2.5 m in length and weigh up to 750 kg.

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Brown bear

Brown bears are active at any time of the day. In winter, they fall into a shallow sleep. They make a lair in pits, caves or thick deadwood. The winter rest of the bear is not hibernation, as it maintains normal body temperature and, in case of danger, can immediately wake up and jump out of the shelter.

They swim well, fish on sandbanks. Bears are good at climbing trees, destroying bee nests. They usually lead a solitary life. In addition to berries, roots, honey, insects, vertebrates, they can eat carrion.

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red fox

Found in Eurasia, North America, Africa, introduced to Australia

Foxes have a squat body, a head with an elongated sharp muzzle, large pointed ears, eyes with vertical oval pupils. Body length up to 90 cm, tail up to 60 cm. In most cases, the color of the back is bright red, the belly is white, sometimes black. It lives not only in forests, but also in the tundra, steppes, deserts and mountains. Settles in independently dug or abandoned burrows, sometimes in hollows.

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The diet of foxes is based on rodents, mainly voles, hares, young ungulates, birds, various plants, fish, reptiles, and carrion. During the hunt, it shows very complex forms of behavior (it is no coincidence that in Russian folklore it is a symbol of cunning and intelligence).

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Boar

The wild boar is widespread in North Africa (almost exterminated) and in Eurasia - from Western Europe to the Far East. Acclimatized in a number of American countries. Length 130-175 cm, weight 60-150 kg. The head is large, wedge-shaped extended forward. The ears are long and wide, the eyes are small, the snout is with a snout. The body is covered with elastic bristles, longer and denser in winter. On the back, the bristles form a comb. Coloration from light brown to almost black. Piglets are striped.

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The habitats are varied. Leads a herd life. Omnivorous. It feeds on rhizomes, tubers and roots of plants, fruits, nuts, berries, as well as green parts of plants, insects and small animals - mollusks, fish, rodents, insectivores, birds, etc.

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Ussurian tiger

Ussurian tiger

One of the most ferocious predators of Eurasia.

The Ussuri tiger is one of the sights of Primorsky Krai. One of the largest and most beautiful representatives of the cat family can be considered the Amur (Ussuri) tiger.

It stands out, first of all, for its large size (body length up to 2.4 m, and tail up to 90 cm), as well as very fluffy, soft and relatively light in color coat.

The tiger lives alone and marks the boundaries of its territory and marks on the trees. The tiger warns its rivals with a roar, which is heard within a radius of 3 km.

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Amur tiger

Amur tiger

Body length 2-3 m, tail - more than 1 m, weight 200-300 kg. It lives in the south of the Russian Far East, in Eastern China and on the Korean Peninsula. The basis of its diet is made up of wild boars and deer, as well as smaller animals. It can roam up to 1,000 km. Currently, the number of Amur tigers living in natural conditions is about 400 individuals, most of which are concentrated in Russia.

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Giraffe

GIRAFFE Lives in the savannas of Africa, south of the Sahara. The giraffe is the tallest animal in existence. Body length 3-4 m, height at the withers up to 3.7 m, height 5-6 m, weight 550-750 kg. The giraffe has a relatively small head on a disproportionately long neck, a sloping back, long legs and tongue (up to 40–45 cm). The giraffe has only seven cervical vertebrae, there are small horns (sometimes 2 pairs) covered with black wool. Spotted coloration is highly variable.

Able to move at speeds up to 50 km / h, as well as jump over obstacles, swim well. Usually forms small herds (7-12 individuals), rarely up to 50-70.

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Gorillas

Gorillas live in western and central Africa. The largest of the great apes. The body length of males reaches 180 cm, body weight is 250 kg or more. The body of gorillas is massive, with a large belly; broad shoulders; the head is large, the eyes are wide apart and deep set; the nose is wide, the nostrils are surrounded by rollers; upper lip, short; the ears are small and pressed to the head; face naked, black. The arms of the gorilla are long, with wide brushes. The brush is used when picking up food. Legs are short. The coat is short, thick, black, in adult males there is a silver stripe on the back, there is a small beard.

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Raccoon

RACCOON POLOSKUN Distributed in the forests of Central and North America

The beast is of medium size (body length up to 60 cm, tail up to 25 cm). The body is stocky, on short legs, with long movable fingers. The head is broad, with a short thin muzzle and large ears. The fur is thick, long, brownish-gray. On the muzzle there is a characteristic black mask with a white trim. There are 5-7 wide black or white rings on the tail.

He arranges his dwellings in hollows, crevices of rocks. It feeds on amphibians, crayfish, fish, rodents, as well as berries, fruits, nuts. Before eating prey, it rinses it in water (hence the name).

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Skunk

An amazing animal lives in North America - the skunk. Its jet-black fur is adorned with two broad white stripes running down to its bushy tail. When moving in search of food, the skunk often holds its tail vertically, which is why it is visible from afar. However, predators are in no hurry to attack him. The fact is that in defense, the skunk splashes a sharp-smelling liquid into the offender, which causes an attack of dizziness and nausea.

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giant anteater

In the pampas, bush thickets and sparse forests of South America, an amazing animal is found - a giant anteater. It is distinguished by a narrow and slender body with an elongated, tubular head. Long claws grow on the second and third fingers of the front paws of the anteater. With their help, he destroys the strong walls of termite mounds or burrows anthills. After that, the anteater squeezes its narrow head into the crack and licks off the insects using a long tongue covered with sticky saliva.

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Anaconda

The largest snake, the anaconda, lives in the tropical forests of South America. Its average length ranges from 5 to 6 meters, although individual specimens can reach 10 and even 11 meters in length. Anaconda inhabits quiet river backwaters and small channels in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. It swims well and can be under water for a long time. Hiding at the bottom, the anaconda hunts from behind the gardens, lying in wait for small ungulates, waterfowl and young caimans. She waits out the dry season, burrowing into the bottom silt and falling into a stupor.

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Koala

The koala, or marsupial bear, lives in the equilypt forests of Eastern Australia. Most of the time the koala spends in the crown of trees, eating the leaves of eucalyptus. Other than that, he doesn't eat anything. He descends to the ground only to move from one tree to another. For the first time, Europeans learned about it in 1880, when the London Zoo bought a live animal. Because of the thick and beautiful fur on the koala, an uncontrolled hunt began. As a result, by the beginning of the twentieth century, it was on the verge of extinction. The Australian government has passed a law banning hunting and creating a network of reserves to protect it.

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Kangaroo

The giant gray kangaroo lives in the equilypt savannas of Eastern Australia. This is the largest modern marsupial animal, growth reaches 1.5 meters. Fleeing from danger, the gray kangaroo makes 9-meter jumps. Kangaroo is a real symbol of Australia. No wonder he, along with the emu, was placed on the coat of arms of this country.

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emperor penguin

The largest penguin found in Antarctica is the emperor penguin. It was discovered by the outstanding Russian navigator Admiral Faraddem Bellingshausen during his trip to Antarctica. Huge colonies of emperor penguins nestle under the protection of cliffs near areas of the open sea. Interestingly, emperor penguins breed their chicks in the midst of the harsh Antarctic winter. In severe frosts, penguins gather in close groups, preventing the chicks and each other from freezing.

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Continental animals living on this continent, what are the similarities of these animals Eurasia North America South America Africa Australia Antarctica Design work Result formulation Task definition Determine the habitat of the animal. Identify the similarities of animals living on the same continent Determine the habitat of the animal. Identify the similarities between animals that live on the same continent

Brown bear BROWN BEAR is a predatory mammal of the bear family. Body length 1.7–2.2 meters, weight 100–340 kg. Predatory The brown bear inhabits the deciduous and coniferous forests of Eurasia and North America. These are densely built animals, with an elongated facial region, small eyes and ears, a sloping back and a short tail. The fur is thick, brown, of various shades. The paws are powerful, five-fingered, the claws are strong, strongly curved. The largest brown bears living in the Russian Far East and Alaska can reach 2.5 m in length and weigh up to 750 kg.

Brown bear Brown bears are active at any time of the day. In winter, they fall into a shallow sleep. They make a lair in pits, caves or thick deadwood. The winter rest of the bear is not hibernation, as it maintains normal body temperature and, in case of danger, can immediately wake up and jump out of the shelter. They swim well, fish on sandbanks. Bears are good at climbing trees, destroying bee nests. They usually lead a solitary life. In addition to berries, roots, honey, insects, vertebrates, they can eat carrion.

Red fox FOXES Found in Eurasia, North America, Africa, brought to Australia. Foxes have a squat body, a head with an elongated sharp muzzle, large pointed ears, eyes with vertical oval pupils. Body length up to 90 cm, tail up to 60 cm. In most cases, the color of the back is bright red, the belly is white, sometimes black. It lives not only in forests, but also in the tundra, steppes, deserts and mountains. Settles in independently dug or abandoned burrows, sometimes in hollows.

Red fox The basis of the diet of the fox is rodents, mainly voles, hares, young ungulates, birds, various plants, fish, reptiles, and carrion. During the hunt, it shows very complex forms of behavior (it is no coincidence that in Russian folklore it is a symbol of cunning and intelligence).

Boar BOAR The wild boar is widespread in North Africa (almost exterminated) and in Eurasia from Western Europe to the Far East. Acclimatized in a number of American countries. Length cm, weight kg. The head is large, wedge-shaped extended forward. The ears are long and wide, the eyes are small, the snout is with a snout. The body is covered with elastic bristles, longer and denser in winter. On the back, the bristles form a comb. Coloration from light brown to almost black. Piglets are striped.

Wild boar The habitats are varied. Leads a herd life. Omnivorous. It feeds on rhizomes, tubers and roots of plants, fruits, nuts, berries, as well as green parts of plants, insects and small animals - mollusks, fish, rodents, insectivores, birds, etc.

Ussuri tiger One of the most ferocious predators of Eurasia. The Ussuri tiger is one of the sights of Primorsky Krai. One of the largest and most beautiful representatives of the cat family can be considered the Amur (Ussuri) tiger. It stands out, first of all, for its large size (body length up to 2.4 m, and tail up to 90 cm), as well as very fluffy, soft and relatively light in color coat. The tiger lives alone and marks the boundaries of its territory and marks on the trees. The tiger warns its rivals with a roar, which is heard within a radius of 3 km.

Amur tiger Body length 2–3 m, tail over 1 m, weight 200–300 kg. It lives in the south of the Russian Far East, in Eastern China and on the Korean Peninsula. The basis of its diet is made up of wild boars and deer, as well as smaller animals. Can roam up to km. Currently, the number of Amur tigers living in natural conditions is about 400 individuals, most of which are concentrated in Russia.

Giraffe GIRAFFE Lives in the savannas of Africa, south of the Sahara. The giraffe is the tallest animal in existence. Body length 3-4 m, height at the withers up to 3.7 m, height 5-6 m, weight kg. The giraffe has a relatively small head on a disproportionately long neck, a sloping back, long legs and tongue (up to 40–45 cm). The giraffe has only seven cervical vertebrae, there are small horns (sometimes 2 pairs) covered with black wool. Spotted coloration is highly variable. Able to move at speeds up to 50 km / h, as well as jump over obstacles, swim well. Usually forms small herds (7-12 individuals), rarely up to

Gorillas GORILLAS Gorillas live in western and central Africa. The largest of the great apes. The body length of males reaches 180 cm, body weight is 250 kg or more. The body of gorillas is massive, with a large belly; broad shoulders; the head is large, the eyes are wide apart and deep set; the nose is wide, the nostrils are surrounded by rollers; upper lip, short; the ears are small and pressed to the head; face naked, black. The arms of the gorilla are long, with wide brushes. The brush is used when picking up food. Legs are short. The coat is short, thick, black, in adult males there is a silver stripe on the back, there is a small beard. great apes

ROCCOON-POLOSKUN Distributed in the forests of Central and North America Animal of medium size (body length up to 60 cm, tail up to 25 cm). The body is stocky, on short legs, with long movable fingers. The head is broad, with a short thin muzzle and large ears. The fur is thick, long, brownish-gray. On the muzzle there is a characteristic black mask with a white trim. There are 5-7 wide black or white rings on the tail. He arranges his dwellings in hollows, crevices of rocks. It feeds on amphibians, crayfish, fish, rodents, as well as berries, fruits, nuts. Before eating prey, it rinses it in water (hence the name).

Skunk An amazing animal lives in North America - the skunk. Its jet-black fur is adorned with two broad white stripes running down to its bushy tail. When moving in search of food, the skunk often holds its tail vertically, which is why it is visible from afar. However, predators are in no hurry to attack him. The fact is that in defense, the skunk splashes a sharp-smelling liquid into the offender, which causes an attack of dizziness and nausea.

Giant anteater In the pampas, bushes and sparse forests of South America, there is an amazing animal - a giant anteater. It is distinguished by a narrow and slender body with an elongated, tubular head. Long claws grow on the second and third fingers of the front paws of the anteater. With their help, he destroys the strong walls of termite mounds or burrows anthills. After that, the anteater squeezes its narrow head into the crack and licks off the insects using a long tongue covered with sticky saliva.

Anaconda The largest snake, the anaconda, lives in the tropical forests of South America. Its average length ranges from 5 to 6 meters, although individual specimens can reach 10 and even 11 meters in length. Anaconda inhabits quiet river backwaters and small channels in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. It swims well and can be under water for a long time. Hiding at the bottom, the anaconda hunts from behind the gardens, lying in wait for small ungulates, waterfowl and young caimans. She waits out the dry season, burrowing into the bottom silt and falling into a stupor.

Koala The koala, or marsupial bear, lives in the equilypt forests of Eastern Australia. Most of the time the koala spends in the crown of trees, eating the leaves of eucalyptus. Other than that, he doesn't eat anything. He descends to the ground only to move from one tree to another. For the first time, Europeans learned about it in 1880, when the London Zoo bought a live animal. Because of the thick and beautiful fur on the koala, an uncontrolled hunt began. As a result, by the beginning of the twentieth century, it was on the verge of extinction. The Australian government has passed a law banning hunting and creating a network of reserves to protect it.

Kangaroo The giant gray kangaroo lives in the equilypt savannas of Eastern Australia. This is the largest modern marsupial animal, growth reaches 1.5 meters. Fleeing from danger, the gray kangaroo makes 9-meter jumps. Kangaroo is a real symbol of Australia. No wonder he, along with the emu, was placed on the coat of arms of this country.

Emperor penguin The largest penguin found in Antarctica is the emperor penguin. It was discovered by the outstanding Russian navigator Admiral Faraddem Bellingshausen during his trip to Antarctica. Huge colonies of emperor penguins nestle under the protection of cliffs near areas of the open sea. Interestingly, emperor penguins breed their chicks in the midst of the harsh Antarctic winter. In severe frosts, penguins gather in close groups, preventing the chicks and each other from freezing.

"Earth and its internal structure" - Mainland. Earth's crust. Oceanic. The internal structure of the Earth. The thickness of the lithosphere is 50 - 200 km. Earth's crust and upper mantle. "Lithos" - ... sphere - ... Lithosphere. Geography lessons of Cyril and Methodius Grade 6. Types of the earth's crust. Layers: Basalt Granite Sedimentary. Fill the table. Using the slide "The structure of the earth's crust" fill in the table.

"Shells of the Earth" - 1. Earth's crust 2. hydrosphere 3. atmosphere 4. biosphere. The hard stone shell of the Earth, consisting of solid minerals and rocks. Outer shells of the Earth: Shells of the Earth Lithosphere. Pressure = 3.6 million atm. Ocean. Lithosphere. T melting iron +1539. R Earth (polar) = 6356 km. R Earth (equatorial) = 6378 km.

"The internal structure of the Earth" - The oblateness of the Earth from the poles is explained by rotation. radiation belts. The equatorial radius of the planet is R = 6,378 km. The average temperature of the Earth's surface is +12°C. Earth surface map. The internal structure of the giant planets. Planet Earth. The average orbital speed is 29.8 km/s. Diagram of the heat balance of the Earth.

"Our Earth" - Writers and poets. Satellites. The first astronauts Reportage. Our Earth. Planet. The reasons for the uniqueness and originality of the Earth. Astronomers. Geographers. reasons for uniqueness. Fill the table. The uniqueness and uniqueness of the Earth.

"Life on different continents" - Eucalyptus trees grow in Australia. Japan. Three habitats. Rice is the "Food of the Gods" in China. Eurasia. India. Australia. Giraffes live in Eurasia. China. "True False". The giant panda is a rare and little studied animal of Eurasia. Africa. "Life on different continents". An elephant in India is not afraid of ants. Prepare a message about interesting animals and plants and illustrate.

"Internal Forces of the Earth" - Work in groups. Explanation of new material. Movie. Types of the earth's crust. Earth's crust. The consequences of earthquakes. How the internal forces of the Earth affect the relief. The death of Pompeii. Generalization of answers of "scientists". Forms of the earth's surface. Geographic research. Map of the largest volcanic eruptions. Interaction of lithospheric plates.

Total in the topic 22 presentations

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

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oral questioning

In the course of oral questioning in the classroom, conditions extremely important for learning are realized when students hear the reasoning and misconceptions of their comrades, which are disputed by the teacher or other students. At the same time, the student has doubts that were not there at all during the independent development of the material. From a motley mosaic of trial and error, true knowledge is formed.

For example, when showing slides to students, the Teacher can invite children to dream up on the topic “Who lives where?”.

An assignment can also be formulated for a set of files prepared for the lesson by the teacher, where the student needs to select the necessary materials for the answer, display it on the screen and answer the questions posed. At the same time, attempts to acquire skills with the help of information resources will be encouraged.

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Written independent work

When conducting independent work in its traditional written form, it is possible to use individual presentation objects with their display on the screen. At the same time, tasks and results are drawn up on paper. A qualified teacher understands that independent work is essentially an intensive learning procedure and in this sense, if we exclude the factor of evaluating the individual work of each, it can be attributed to the source of information. Therefore, any exercises can be modified into tasks for independent work. The use of the presentation should go along the path of testing the ability to work with information presented in various forms, primarily visual information. We present several variants of such modification.

A frame composed of two pictures (for two options) is displayed on the screen, both options answer one question: "What kingdom does this organism belong to?".

One photograph is displayed on the screen, and two options for the task are formulated, that is, different questions: Option I - the question: "What kingdom does this organism belong to?", Option II - the task: name other living organisms belonging to this kingdom.

It is required to formulate multi-level tasks:

Name the kingdom of living organisms, the representative of which is depicted on the screen.

Pick up a number of photographs of representatives of the same kingdom.

Explain how these living organisms are similar.

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Control work using a computer

When the classroom is equipped with computers, each participant of the classes can use the option of independent work, in which everyone can work with the simulator. The computer turns into the same personal source of information as lecture notes, homework notebooks or textbooks. Without a doubt, this type of certification evaluates not only knowledge of the subject in the traditional sense, but also the ability to search for the necessary information in the available information resources and present it in the right form.

At the same time, children learn to use texts for photographs, the ability to search for objects by keyword, arrange a screen from several objects, turn on static objects, control animation or video viewing, etc. In passing, we note that at present, for a schoolchild, such skills in themselves are a valuable acquisition.

In this type of work, not all types of tasks used in traditional work are acceptable. The most suitable tasks are the analysis of a dynamic video sequence (animations and video clips without sound), tasks for the selection and comparison of objects according to a certain attribute, as well as the use of interactive models to solve specific problems; tasks can be easily found by keywords by selecting among objects of a certain type.

For younger students, this type of tasks should be used differentially. Let's give an example of this type of tasks: students "voice" the available video clips and recruit animals for different kingdoms.

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In this lesson, you will study the topic "Plants and animals of different continents." You will get acquainted with the most prominent representatives of the flora and fauna, which are located on different continents of our planet, their way of life, their behavior.

In the modern geological era, there are 6 continents: Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa, Australia and Antarctica. (Fig. 1).

Let's get acquainted with some plants and animals of each of the continents.

Plants and animals of Eurasia.

This is the largest continent on earth. Russia is on it. But today we will get acquainted with prominent representatives of other countries, for example, China.

Here they grow a cultivated plant, known throughout the world, whose name in translation means: "the basis of human nutrition." This is rice. (Fig. 2). Now this culture has learned to cultivate in many countries of the world. The peoples of Asia deify this plant, calling it a symbol of the sun and the food of the gods. Fields with this plant look rather unusual (Fig. 3). They are completely filled with water.

Rice. 2. rice plant

Rice. 3. Rice field

Rice is not a plant that lives naturally in water. Asians have discovered that rice grown in a field flooded with water yields 20 times more than in a dry field. Evidence unearthed during archaeological excavations in China shows that rice has been grown there for 8,000 years. In a flooded field, the water insulates the rice sprouts from heat and cold. Water in a flooded field apparently destroys all weeds. A flooded rice field does not need artificial fertilizers. It can maintain the level of natural fertilizers for a long time if it is helped a little, for example, by burning the remains of sprouts in a dry field and mixing them with the ground, scattering animal excrement or food remains. Breeding fish or ducks in a flooded field also fertilizes the soil.

Field processing. The peasant harnesses the bulls to the plow and plows the land. The process of flooding the field involves mixing the earth with water and turning it into a homogeneous mud. When mixing the earth, rice grains are planted in special greenhouses. This is done in order to highlight strong shoots and improve conditions for initial growth. Direct planting in the field does not give good results, since the seeds germinate with difficulty in a flooded field. The soft seedlings are harvested when they reach a height of about 10 cm. They make bunches of rice stalks and take them out into the flooded field for planting. They do not need to be planted in the ground, they are simply thrown into the water and they take root themselves. Every kilo of rice we buy is watered with an average of 4,000 liters of water. The Chinese have learned the great art of regulating the flow of rivers in order to water their rice fields. The water in the channels is in constant motion and does not stagnate. Rice can be grown year after year in the same field without interruption even for 2 thousand years in a row, which is not typical for other crops.

Animals of China.

One of the animals of China is the giant panda. Lives only here. It is one of the rare little-studied animals. (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Giant panda

The giant panda was discovered in 1869, and was caught only 68 years later. At one time, she was even considered extinct. Only in 1937 was the first big panda caught - a young female, who was named Sulin. But she did not live long in captivity and died a year later. Panda hunters now had more experience. And soon they caught another female, named Mei-Mei.

The word "panda" itself comes from the local name of this beast, which means "eater of bamboo." This animal feeds only on thin bamboo sprouts. The giant panda, or bamboo bear, is a mammal of the bear family with a peculiar black and white coat color, which has some signs of raccoons. The body length of the giant panda is about 1.5 meters. The fur is thick and very beautifully colored.

Animals of Africa.

The tallest animal in the world lives in Africa - the giraffe. Thanks to an incredibly long neck, its height reaches 6 meters. (Fig. 5). Such growth and very sharp vision allows him to notice moving objects at a distance of about 1 km. It is no coincidence that the giraffe turns out to be a watchman for animals living in the neighborhood: an antelope, a zebra, an ostrich. The giraffe feeds on tree leaves.

Rice. 5. Giraffe

Africa is the hottest continent on our planet. One of the most famous plants of this continent is the baobab. In a trunk up to 10 m thick, the baobab stores water. Its soft wood, like a sponge, can store up to 120 tons of water. In dry years, the tree loses some weight, and after the rains it becomes fat again. (Fig. 6). Each baobab flower lives only one night and withers at dawn. Feasting on the pollen and nectar of flowers, bats and lemurs pollinate them. At night, these animals mysteriously rustle the foliage on the tree. No wonder the Africans believed that a spirit lives in every flower of the baobab.

Rice. 6. Baobab

Among the plants of this continent, growing coniferous trees - sequoias - are especially interesting. These are giant trees: more than 100 m in height and up to 10 meters in diameter. (Fig. 7). They live for several thousand years. A sequoia cone is the size of a large melon.

Rice. 7. Sequoia

Animals of North America.

Of the animals of North America, we will name a small animal, which absolutely everyone knows here. He is not hiding from anyone. It's a skunk. (Fig. 8). Wide white stripes on an almost black body attracts attention from afar. Few dare to approach him. In danger, it emits such a disgusting smell that neither animals nor people can stand it, but rather run away as soon as possible.

Rice. 8 Striped Skunk

Sequoia has excellent wood, which is highly valued in carpentry. It is almost unaffected by fire. The sequoia is not only adapted to survive wildfires, but it also needs them. Without them, sequoias would not have survived to our time. Sequoia loves the sun. Its young trees cannot survive in dense spruce growth at the foot of mature trees. Its seeds are difficult to germinate through a layer of fallen leaves and needles. The fire, without causing much harm to the forest giants, burns out the undergrowth and needles lying on the ground.

The tallest tree in the world is the Hyperion sequoia at 115.61 m.

Nature endowed these animals with an unusual, but very effective weapon: turning around "rear", they splash with a yellow oily liquid. A dense jet flies 4-5 meters! The main substance in the "chemical weapon" of the skunk is ethyl mercaptan. A person smells it, even if he inhales only 0.000000000002 g of it!

Here on the Amazon River is found the most amazing plant in the world: the water lily Victoria regia. The leaves of this water lily are up to 2 m in diameter. A child can sit on such a sheet. (Fig. 9). The sheet does not sink even after a 9 kg board is placed on it, on which a woman weighing 63 kg stands. It is easy to calculate that the sheet withstood a load of 72 kg.

Rice. 9. Water lily Victoria regia

The largest butterfly in the world lives in South America - gray agrippa (Fig. 10).

Its wingspan is almost 30 cm. The largest beetle in the world lives here: the lumberjack is a titan. Its length is 18 cm.

Rice. 10. Gray agrippa

Australia is the smallest and driest continent. The most famous plants of this continent are eucalyptus. (Fig. 11). There are also small shrubs.

Rice. 11. Eucalyptus

Rice. 12. Kangaroo

Marsupials are an ancient group of mammals that appeared on Earth more than 60 million years ago. There are about 250 species of them, of which 180 species live in Australia and its neighboring islands. About 50 species of modern and extinct kangaroos alone are known. (Fig. 12). Australia is the kingdom of marsupials. There are a marsupial wolf, a marsupial mole, a marsupial mouse, a marsupial bear. Of course, the marsupial wolf is in no way related to the wolf living in our area. All marsupials give birth to very weak and underdeveloped cubs, which are more like embryos than young animals. The largest living marsupial is the gray kangaroo. Its length is 3 meters, and its weight is 80 kg. He gives birth to a tiny cub, whose length is 3 cm and weight is only 2 g. However, this helpless creature is able to crawl along the mother's stomach to the opening of the bag, find the nipple and attach to it. The kangaroo is weak and cannot suckle by itself. Milk is injected to him by his mother with the help of contraction of a special muscle - the constrictor of the mammary gland. A kangaroo cub, sensing danger, jumps into its mother's pouch. He does this even as he grows up and becomes an adult. This is a funny sight.

There are different types of kangaroos in Australia. From dwarf, the size of a hare, to giant, three meters tall. These animals carry their young in a pouch on their stomach.

Rice. 13. Lichen

Rice. 14. Penguin

Few living creatures have adapted to the harsh conditions of this continent. Mosses and lichens are found in coastal areas. (Fig. 13). The most famous animal in Antarctica is the penguin. (Fig. 14). These birds cannot fly, but they swim and dive very well. They get their food from the sea. Mainly fish.

1. Melchakov L.F., Skatnik M.N. Natural history: textbook. for 3, 5 cells. avg. school - 8th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992. - 240 p.: ill.

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1. Encyclopedia Around the World ().

2. Geographical directory ().

3. Facts about mainland Australia ().

1. Tell us how animals have adapted to life in Antarctica.

2. What continent is our country on? What interesting plants do you know?

3. What do you know about the skunk? What weapon has nature endowed him with?

4. * Prepare a short report about unusual plants and animals from different continents.