Reasons for the reforms. What was the need for political reforms? which ones were the main ones? How did they change the political system of Russia? What are the reasons for the need for reforms?

What reasons caused the need for reforms in the country? and got the best answer

Answer from Angelina Nozdracheva[active]

Ivan 4 realized the need
reforms to
strengthening the state
authorities.
The need for reform:
The most important milestone of the political

happened shortly after









arson and witchcraft. Authorities
made the most brutal




fire" was formed

the perpetrators of the disaster. June 26
the boyars gathered the people before


setting Anna Glinskaya on fire. People
got out of hand and committed
reprisal against the boyar Yu.V.

in Vorobyevo, demanding to issue



In the years 1547-1550 there were
unrest in other cities.
The position of her people is more
deteriorated due to crop failure
1548-1549.


Further development of the country
required strengthening

authorities"


16th century. Manage an extensive
state through
archaic institutions and

principalities during
fragmentation, it turned out
impossible. All-Russian
Sudebnik of 1497 hopelessly




with the help of the nobility
it was possible to stop the people


reforms.
Thus, it is clear that in

in strengthening the statehood,
centralization of power.
The need for reforms in
government was
obvious.

Answer from Zaur Ahmedov[newbie]
Influenced by popular unrest
Ivan 4 realized the need
reforms to
strengthening the state
authorities.
The need for reform:
The most important milestone of the political
development was the uprising in Moscow,
happened shortly after
coronation of Ivan the Terrible. In 1547
turned out to be extremely dry
summer. Fires have become more frequent in Moscow.
The largest of them destroyed
most of the wooden city.
Several thousand died in the fire.
residents, tens of thousands remained
without shelter and food. arose
rumors that the cause of the fires were
arson and witchcraft. Authorities
made the most brutal
measures against "lighters": their
tortured and tortured they themselves
spoke, after which they were executed.
On the second day after the "great
fire" was formed
boyar commission for punishment
the perpetrators of the disaster. June 26
the boyars gathered the people before
Assumption Cathedral and found out who
set fire to Moscow. The mob accused
setting Anna Glinskaya on fire. People
got out of hand and committed
reprisal against the boyar Yu.V.
Glinsky. June 29 the mob moved
in Vorobyevo, demanding to issue
I will punish the tsar's grandmother Anna Glinskaya.
But the uprising was dispersed and
the perpetrators were punished.
In the years 1547-1550 there were
unrest in other cities.
The position of her people is more
deteriorated due to crop failure
1548-1549.
"People's performances showed
that the country needs reform.
Further development of the country
required strengthening
statehood, centralization
authorities"
2. Moscow has completed the unification
Russian lands at the end of the 15th beginning
16th century. Manage an extensive
state through
archaic institutions and
institutions established in small
principalities during
fragmentation, it turned out
impossible. All-Russian
Sudebnik of 1497 hopelessly
outdated. Source of constant
the discontent of the boyar children was
boyar court, famous for its
abuse. Only with
with the help of the nobility
it was possible to stop the people
unrest. These facts also speak
us about the need for Russian
reforms.
Thus, it is clear that in
in the middle of the 16th century, Russia needed
in strengthening the statehood,
centralization of power.
The need for reforms in
government was
obvious.

Answer from Ilya Golokhvostov[newbie]
Influenced by popular unrest
Ivan 4 realized the need
reforms to
strengthening the state
authorities.
The need for reform:
The most important milestone of the political
development was the uprising in Moscow,
happened shortly after
coronation of Ivan the Terrible. In 1547
turned out to be extremely dry
summer. Fires have become more frequent in Moscow.
The largest of them destroyed
most of the wooden city.
Several thousand died in the fire.
residents, tens of thousands remained
without shelter and food. arose
rumors that the cause of the fires were
arson and witchcraft. Authorities
made the most brutal
measures against "lighters": their
tortured and tortured they themselves
spoke, after which they were executed.
On the second day after the "great
fire" was formed
boyar commission for punishment
the perpetrators of the disaster. June 26
the boyars gathered the people before
Assumption Cathedral and found out who
set fire to Moscow. The mob accused
setting Anna Glinskaya on fire. People
got out of hand and committed
reprisal against the boyar Yu.V.
Glinsky. June 29 the mob moved
in Vorobyevo, demanding to issue
I will punish the tsar's grandmother Anna Glinskaya.
But the uprising was dispersed and
the perpetrators were punished.
In the years 1547-1550 there were
unrest in other cities.
The position of her people is more
deteriorated due to crop failure
1548-1549.
"People's performances showed
that the country needs reform.
Further development of the country
required strengthening
statehood, centralization
authorities"
2. Moscow has completed the unification
Russian lands at the end of the 15th beginning
16th century. Manage an extensive
state through
archaic institutions and
institutions established in small
principalities during
fragmentation, it turned out
impossible. All-Russian
Sudebnik of 1497 hopelessly
outdated. Source of constant
the discontent of the boyar children was
boyar court, famous for its
abuse. Only with
with the help of the nobility
it was possible to stop the people
unrest. These facts also speak
us about the need for Russian
reforms.
Thus, it is clear that in
in the middle of the 16th century, Russia needed
in strengthening the statehood,
centralization of power.
The need for reforms in
government was
obvious.

Answer from IVAN KUKUSHKIN[newbie]
Influenced by popular unrest
Ivan 4 realized the need
reforms to
strengthening the state
authorities.
The need for reform:
The most important milestone of the political
development was the uprising in Moscow,
happened shortly after
coronation of Ivan the Terrible. In 1547
turned out to be extremely dry
summer. Fires have become more frequent in Moscow.
The largest of them destroyed
most of the wooden city.
Several thousand died in the fire.
residents, tens of thousands remained
without shelter and food. arose
rumors that the cause of the fires were
arson and witchcraft. Authorities
made the most brutal
measures against "lighters": their
tortured and tortured they themselves
spoke, after which they were executed.
On the second day after the "great
fire" was formed
boyar commission for punishment
the perpetrators of the disaster. June 26
the boyars gathered the people before
Assumption Cathedral and found out who
set fire to Moscow. The mob accused
setting Anna Glinskaya on fire. People
got out of hand and committed
reprisal against the boyar Yu.V.
Glinsky. June 29 the mob moved
in Vorobyevo, demanding to issue
I will punish the tsar's grandmother Anna Glinskaya.
But the uprising was dispersed and
the perpetrators were punished.
In the years 1547-1550 there were
unrest in other cities.
The position of her people is more
deteriorated due to crop failure
1548-1549.
"People's performances showed
that the country needs reform.
Further development of the country
required strengthening
statehood, centralization
authorities"
2. Moscow has completed the unification
Russian lands at the end of the 15th beginning
16th century. Manage an extensive
state through
archaic institutions and
institutions established in small
principalities during
fragmentation, it turned out
impossible. All-Russian
Sudebnik of 1497 hopelessly
outdated. Source of constant
the discontent of the boyar children was
boyar court, famous for its
abuse. Only with
with the help of the nobility
it was possible to stop the people
unrest. These facts also speak
us about the need for Russian
reforms.
Thus, it is clear that in
in the middle of the 16th century, Russia needed
in strengthening the statehood,
centralization of power.
The need for reforms in
government was
obvious.

Answer from kk pke[newbie]
Influenced by popular unrest
Ivan 4 realized the need
reforms to
strengthening the state
authorities.
The need for reform:
The most important milestone of the political
development was the uprising in Moscow,
happened shortly after
coronation of Ivan the Terrible. In 1547
turned out to be extremely dry
summer. Fires have become more frequent in Moscow.
The largest of them destroyed
most of the wooden city.
Several thousand died in the fire.
residents, tens of thousands remained
without shelter and food. arose
rumors that the cause of the fires were
arson and witchcraft. Authorities
made the most brutal
measures against "lighters": their
tortured and tortured they themselves
spoke, after which they were executed.
On the second day after the "great
fire" was formed
boyar commission for punishment
the perpetrators of the disaster. June 26
the boyars gathered the people before
Assumption Cathedral and found out who
set fire to Moscow. The mob accused
setting Anna Glinskaya on fire. People
got out of hand and committed
reprisal against the boyar Yu.V.
Glinsky. June 29 the mob moved
in Vorobyevo, demanding to issue
I will punish the tsar's grandmother Anna Glinskaya.
But the uprising was dispersed and
the perpetrators were punished.
In the years 1547-1550 there were
unrest in other cities.
The position of her people is more
deteriorated due to crop failure
1548-1549.
"People's performances showed
that the country needs reform.
Further development of the country
required strengthening
statehood, centralization
authorities"
2. Moscow has completed the unification
Russian lands at the end of the 15th beginning
16th century. Manage an extensive
state through
archaic institutions and
institutions established in small
principalities during
fragmentation, it turned out
impossible. All-Russian
Sudebnik of 1497 hopelessly
outdated. Source of constant
the discontent of the boyar children was
boyar court, famous for its
abuse. Only with
with the help of the nobility
it was possible to stop the people
unrest. These facts also speak
us about the need for Russian
reforms.
Thus, it is clear that in
in the middle of the 16th century, Russia needed
in strengthening the statehood,
centralization of power.
The need for reforms in
government was
obvious.

Answer from Nikolai Murovtsev[newbie]
It was necessary to strengthen the autocracy
The need for a centralized state
To limit boyar arbitrariness
To strengthen the defense capability of Russia

Answer from Dmitry Shashlychny[newbie]
Influenced by popular unrest
Ivan 4 realized the need
reforms to
strengthening the state
authorities.
The need for reform:
The most important milestone of the political
development was the uprising in Moscow,
happened shortly after
coronation of Ivan the Terrible. In 1547
turned out to be extremely dry
summer. Fires have become more frequent in Moscow.
The largest of them destroyed
most of the wooden city.
Several thousand died in the fire.
residents, tens of thousands remained
without shelter and food. arose
rumors that the cause of the fires were
arson and witchcraft. Authorities
made the most brutal
measures against "lighters": their
tortured and tortured they themselves
spoke, after which they were executed.
On the second day after the "great
fire" was formed
boyar commission for punishment
the perpetrators of the disaster. June 26
the boyars gathered the people before
Assumption Cathedral and found out who
set fire to Moscow. The mob accused
setting Anna Glinskaya on fire. People
got out of hand and committed
reprisal against the boyar Yu.V.
Glinsky. June 29 the mob moved
in Vorobyevo, demanding to issue
I will punish the tsar's grandmother Anna Glinskaya.
But the uprising was dispersed and
the perpetrators were punished.
In the years 1547-1550 there were
unrest in other cities.
The position of her people is more
deteriorated due to crop failure
1548-1549.
"People's performances showed
that the country needs reform.
Further development of the country
required strengthening
statehood, centralization
authorities"
2. Moscow has completed the unification
Russian lands at the end of the 15th beginning
16th century. Manage an extensive
state through
archaic institutions and
institutions established in small
principalities during
fragmentation, it turned out
impossible. All-Russian
Sudebnik of 1497 hopelessly
outdated. Source of constant
the discontent of the boyar children was
boyar court, famous for its
abuse. Only with
with the help of the nobility
it was possible to stop the people
unrest. These facts also speak
us about the need for Russian
reforms.
Thus, it is clear that in
in the middle of the 16th century, Russia needed
in strengthening the statehood,
centralization of power.
The need for reforms in
government was
obvious.

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: What reasons caused the need for reforms in the country?

The abolition of serfdom also required changes in the political system and the spiritual sphere of the country's life, their adaptation to new conditions.
Along with the preparation of the peasant reform, Emperor Alexander II created commissions to prepare projects for political reforms and transformations in the field of education and the media.
In 1863, a university reform was carried out, which was based on the idea of ​​autonomy for universities in the preparation and implementation of curricula, as well as granting them economic and administrative independence. For the first time, teachers and students of higher education received the right to solve their own problems. This led to long-term consequences: the quality of education has noticeably increased, and the social activity of students has increased.
In 1864, one of the most important reforms was carried out - the Zemstvo, and then the city. It introduced elected bodies of local self-government (county and provincial zemstvos, city dumas), to which issues of primary education, maintenance of schools, shelters and hospitals, land surveying, statistical accounting, work of urban economy, etc. were transferred. It was especially noted that zemstvos and city ​​dumas cannot deal with political issues that remained under the jurisdiction of either the central government or the tsarist governors. The creation of local self-government bodies in Russia was a historic step towards a new political system.
In the same year, a school reform was launched, which was based on the ideas of democratizing the management of the primary and secondary education system. During the implementation of the provisions of the reform, the network of schools was significantly expanded, and a unified state system for training teaching staff for it was formed. .
In the autumn of 1864, the most consistent of all the "great reforms" of the 60s and 70s was launched. - judicial. The court became classless and formally independent of the authorities. Judicial proceedings became public. Adversarial litigation was introduced. The co-participants in the process were the accuser (prosecutor) and the defender (lawyer). Soon the country recognized the outstanding lawyers Koni, Plevako and others, who often saved the accused with their fiery speeches. To decide on the guilt or innocence of the accused, the institution of a jury was introduced.

In 1865, the authorities announced a press reform. Preliminary censorship for books and magazines was abolished, however, it was retained for mass periodicals - newspapers.
In 1874 serious changes were made in the army. Instead of recruitment kits, universal military service was introduced. Significantly reduced the terms of military service. A more modern system of military educational institutions has been created, which has made it possible to significantly raise the professional level of personnel training for the army and navy. As a result, the army became more mobile and efficient.
In 1881, M. T. Loris-Melikov developed a draft of the next political reform, concerning the involvement of elected representatives from local governments in solving national issues. The tsar agreed to sign this document, which later some historians even began to call the “Loris-Melikov constitution”. However, by a fatal accident, it was on this day - March 1, 1881 - that the reformer tsar was killed by the Narodnaya Volya.
Political reforms were of great historical significance for the fate of Russia. They have become an important step towards building civil society and the rule of law in the country. They were conceptually homogeneous and aimed at introducing legal principles into the activities of the authorities, previously based solely on the will of the first person in the state - the emperor. The reforms changed the very social atmosphere, gave rise to the expectation of the imminent introduction of a constitutional order.
However, the reforms caused great concern among conservative circles, alarmed by the scale and direction of the changes. They believed that what the tsar had begun could lead to upheavals for Russia, and sought to limit the scope of the transformations. The assassination of the reformer tsar strengthened their position and led to a rollback of reforms.

By the beginning of the XVIII century. Significant shifts have taken place in the political, economic and cultural development of Russia. Nevertheless, our country lagged behind the Western European states, which had already embarked on the path of capitalist development, it was dominated by feudal landownership and industrial production developed very poorly.

Economic and cultural backwardness threatened Russia with the loss of national independence. The aggravation of the class struggle, the socio-political movement of the 17th - early 18th centuries. demanded that Peter I take measures to strengthen the state system, strengthen the army, and carry out reforms in the field of economy and culture. These reforms were prepared by the entire course of the country's historical development, their necessity was recognized long before the beginning of the reign of Peter I. As a result of the transformations of the government of Peter I in Russia, a modern army and navy were created, the economic policy of the government ensured a certain growth of industry and trade.

In an effort to put an end to the backwardness of the country, Peter I acted decisively, applying cruel administrative measures, "not stopping at barbaric means of fighting barbarism."

The process of rapid development of industry, domestic and foreign trade begins. By 1725, there were about 240 state and private industrial enterprises in the country, of which 80 of the largest had over 17.5 thousand workers. Along with the construction of large enterprises, there was a rapid growth in small-scale handicraft and handicraft production. In order to make better use of waterways for developing trade, the construction of canals began.

Economic and political transformations in the country have caused a huge need for specially trained people. State institutions, the army, navy, industry, trade needed a large number of specialists: officers, sailors, gunners, engineers, doctors, civil servants, scientists, teachers. In this regard, a number of important educational reforms were carried out.

The church was subordinated to the state, secular power: instead of the patriarchate, a state synod was established. Reforms in the field of education, like all other transformations of this time, were of a pronounced estate-class nature and were carried out primarily in the interests of strengthening the power of the nobles. Peter I sought to raise the education of the landowners, create a qualified administrative apparatus, and train specialists for the army and navy.

Educational reforms had a favorable effect on the development of industry and trade, contributed to the development of science and culture in the country. They received vigorous support from prominent progressive scientists and public figures of the time. Among these figures, F. S. Saltykov, L. F. Magnitsky, F. P. Polikarpov, Ya. V. Bruce, G. G. Skornyakov-Pisarev, A. A. Kurbatov, F. Prokopovich, I. T. Pososhkov, V. N. Tatishchev, and A. D. Kantemir. Many foreign specialists have found a field for useful activity in Russia, a number of which have found a second home in Russia. In secular state schools and later religious schools, foreign youth studied in addition to Russian. Among the foreign students were, in particular, Western Slavs (Bulgarians, Serbs, etc.). This contributed to the interpenetration of new pedagogical ideas among the Slavic peoples.

What reasons caused the need for reforms in the country?

Prove that the reforms of the Chosen Rada primarily strengthened the central government.

Answer

After the death of the Grand Duchess (in April 1538), a fierce struggle for power began among the boyar families. Poisoning and murder, imprisonment, forced monastic tonsure became commonplace at the Moscow court. The struggle between the boyar clans led to unprecedented abuses, lawlessness and bribery. The situation of the broad strata of the population has deteriorated sharply. The cup of patience was filled with a grandiose Moscow fire that destroyed almost the entire city. In the summer of 1547, popular uprisings broke out in Moscow, and then in other cities.

The reforms of the Chosen Rada primarily strengthened the central government, since

1) The rights of governors were limited.
2) The Boyar Duma is endowed with the right of the highest legislative body.
3) Bodies of central administration were formed - orders (Ambassadorial, Petition, Local, Robbery).
4) Church rites were brought into uniformity, all local saints were recognized as all-Russian, rules of conduct were developed for the clergy in order to increase their educational and moral level.
5) The abolition of the system of feeding and governorship.
6) The positions of labial, zemstvo elders and city clerks were introduced.
7) Military reform, which led to the creation of a standing army.