Innovative forms of social services for disabled and elderly citizens at home. Stationary social services for the elderly and disabled

12.10.2019

The concept of social service

Considering the question of the features and problems of social services, let's figure out what it is.

In modern theoretical science, it is customary to believe that social services are a direction of social work, part of the social policy of the state, within the framework of which the state provides social assistance and support to the population in need for the purpose of its adaptation and harmonious development.

Features of social service

Features of social service lie in its understanding. Since social services are considered part of the social policy of the state, the state has a leading role in this area of activity. The Institute of Non-Governmental Organizations of Social Services has just begun its formation.

Despite the relative youth of the institution of non-state social services, it is designed to complement the state system of social services, diversifying the content social services by increasing the volume of services and improving their quality and the quality of service delivery.

Remark 1

In connection with the significant role of the non-state sector, it is worth noting that the state should provide assistance in the formation of a system of both state and non-state assistance, since it is the state that has many opportunities to form a complementary system for the provision of social services.

At present, the system of social services is undergoing changes, being in the process of forming a network of social institutions that take into account the specifics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, their economic situation, cultural and climate characteristics, etc. when providing social services.

The system of social services in our country began its formation during crises, both economic and socio-cultural, which required a change in the conceptual basis of social work and the formation of a personnel basis, as well as a change in the legal framework in the field of social services.

AT this moment the economic situation in Russia determines the scope, content and specifics of social services provided to the population. The current economic situation is characterized by:

scaling up social services,
increase in the number of social services;
an increase in the number of people in need of social support.

Remark 2

A new milestone in the development of the social service system was the adoption of a new federal law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population”, which made it possible to more deeply introduce the principle of targeting in the provision of social services, and also removed from circulation the concept of types of social services that had previously been the basis for the adoption of regulatory legal acts in this area and created an opportunity for the formation of a non-state sector of social services.

Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them

Financing social services.

The economic situation in our country is developing in such a way that the number of people in need of social services is growing. Meanwhile, the amount of resources is still limited. With simple calculations, in conditions of limited resources and an increase in the number of those who need them, a situation of a shortage of resources inevitably develops. One of the major problems of social services for the population is insufficient funding. An attempt to improve the situation was made with the adoption of a new federal law on the basics of social services, which provides opportunities for the development of the non-state sector of social services, as well as defining a list of paid services, respectively, allocating income from the provision of social services to a separate source of financing for this area of social work.

Lack of legal and regulatory framework.

The adoption of a new law on social services solved many legal problems in the field of delineation and transfer of powers in the field of social services to the municipal level, where assistance to the population is more targeted. The new law does not contain the concept of a difficult life situation, it was replaced by circumstances that are the basis for the provision of social services. Also, an innovation of the federal law on social services was the maintenance of an individual program for the recipient of social services, taking into account the conditions and needs of the consumer of social services.

Remark 3

At the moment, social security law and social services as its institution need to be adopted by a codified normative act.

Lack of qualified personnel.

Despite the fact that the institution of social work has been formed in Russia for more than a decade, the question of the staffing of social services remains open. This area of work is characterized by low wages and high psychological deterioration, which is the reason for the unpopularity of the profession of social work specialist in educational institutions.

Undeveloped non-state sector of social services for the population.

The adoption of the law on the basics of social services opened up some additional opportunities for the development of the non-state sector. It is necessary to strengthen the role and participation of public and religious organizations in social service activities.

Inequality of the resource base of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in social services.

The problem of inequality can be solved by distributing resources between subjects, taking into account the characteristics of regional social services, living conditions, the economy of the region, etc. It is also possible to grant the regions greater powers in the field of social services, the possible use and development of regional forms of social services.

Thus, summing up the above, we note that social services are a mechanism for solving social problems of society, social groups and a person in particular, therefore, social services should be built with a focus on the priority of human rights and freedoms.

Ways to improve social services for the population as an element of social policy on the example of the municipalities "Kotlas" and "Kotlassky district"

3.1 Problems of social services and ways to solve them

Social services are an objective need of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. However, at present the level of efficiency of social services is not high enough. This is due to various factors, among which, first of all, economic. It is expressed in the lack of funding for the sphere of social services, which leads to the low quality of social services, their inaccessibility, the shortage of personnel for social workers, and poor material and technical equipment of social service institutions.

The next factor hindering the successful development of the institution of social services is the imperfection of the legislation, its inconsistency and fragmentation, duplication of some acts by others. Often, there are no clearly defined concepts of a particular type of social service. This creates difficulties in studying and law enforcement practice.

AT Russian society a large number of persons with signs of disability. It's no secret that in recent times in the country there is a deterioration in the state of health of the nation, the aging of society, low security, unemployment.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: in the field of socio-economic development and legislative regulation. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Informational portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

To address many issues, measures are needed to reform social services. In particular, it is necessary to move to a funded system in the field of social services - social insurance, when citizens, through personal contributions to the fund being formed, will be able to receive social services when they find themselves in a difficult life situation.

measure that can change financial situation is the creation of a state off-budget social service fund, which will allow to concentrate the available revenues (tax and other), and in the future to spend them exclusively in the field of social services.

The next step could be the development of a non-state system of social services, in particular, strengthening the role of public organizations(trade unions, religious organizations, public funds, charities etc.).

Reforming the sphere of social services, it is also necessary to pursue a policy of regional alignment in order to form an equal level of social services throughout the country. However, here it is important not to allow an egalitarian approach and apply individual measures to different regions. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

One of the measures to improve the situation in the field of social services is to provide the regions with the opportunity to search for additional non-standard solutions, for example, stimulating charitable activities, developing non-traditional types of social services, such as a sanatorium at home or a social service institution on wheels.

In the field of protection of the disabled, one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary to: increase the volume and quality of manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means; an increase in the number of institutions specializing in such production; equipping places for training disabled people in general educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

As part of the improvement of legislation, it is necessary to adopt a codified act at the level of law that regulates the main issues in the field of social services. This will streamline and systematize the existing legislation on social services.

In further work with the legislative framework, it is important to expand the subject composition of those in need, to move away from the concept of social services as an institution that regulates the relations of a narrow circle of subjects, only the elderly, the disabled and the low-income.

Social services for the population is a mechanism that allows you to practically solve difficult questions life of society, family and individual. Therefore, it is important that social priorities and guarantees are firmly fixed in the legislation. Should gradually build up new model a social service system that meets the current needs of society and the economic capabilities of the state. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

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Actual problems of social services

Introduction

The relevance of the research topic of this term paper It is determined by the fact that in society there are certain categories of citizens who, for a number of objective reasons, need help from other people. In any social state, the country's leadership takes care of such people, organizes a system of social services for such categories of citizens.

Social services for vulnerable categories of citizens is one of the most basic functions and tasks of any state. To a large extent, the development of the country is determined precisely by the level of how fully the system of social services for such categories of citizens as the disabled, pensioners and others in need of care and attention from the category of people is organized in it.

Social service in Russia faces very significant problems.

Based on the fact that the social service of people is an important task of society and the state, this topic It seems very important and relevant to study in the framework of this course work on the law of social security.

The purpose of this course work is to study issues related to topical issues of social services.

To achieve the goal set in the course work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

To characterize the essence, goals and objectives of social services for the population;

Consider the system of social services for the population, its principles, functions, types and forms of activity;

Consider the main problems of social services in modern Russia;

Describe the issues of organizing social services in the Rostov region.

The course work consists of an introduction, two chapters, divided into subsections, a conclusion and a list of references.

1. General characteristics of social services

social service population

1.1 Characteristics of the essence, goals and objectives of social servicesandpopulation

Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for the beginning. prof. education / M.N. Guslov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012

In the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”, social work as a theory of the middle level is designed to ensure the effectiveness of social services for the population. Therefore, the effectiveness of social services, according to scientists, can be determined on the basis of both general (serving to assess its effectiveness in general) and specific (to evaluate specific social services). certain types and methods of social work, the work of individual specialists, employees of institutions) criteria. the federal law dated December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ (as amended on July 21, 2014) "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation"

The direct source for determining the criteria for social services are the goals and objectives of the provision of social services and the degree of their implementation. At the same time, the following points are fundamentally important: - firstly, the goals of social services can be considered at the level of society, individual regions, settlements, districts and microdistricts, at the level of population groups and individuals;

Secondly, the goals of social services should take into account the socio-economic, moral-psychological, environmental, political and other conditions that developed under the conditions of political and economic reforms in the first half of the 1990s; - thirdly, the goals of social services in modern Russia should be inextricably linked with an objective assessment and positive coverage of the processes of the country and its regions emerging from the crisis, as well as stabilization social position various categories of the population. The criterion for the effectiveness of social services should be the effectiveness of all types, forms and methods of social services for various categories of the population, the activities of social services, as well as the management and management of the entire process of social work with the population and individuals in need of social services. Based on the concept of systemic needs of socio-economic structures in society in its application to solving practical and organizational problems in the sphere of social services for the population, it is possible to identify the systemic functions and goals of this sphere.

These are the system functions of humanity, which include:

a) assistance to the poor, the weak, the sick and people who find themselves in difficult life situations. If a person as a result of illness or any circumstances got into difficult situation, then the humane attitude of other members of society towards him with a significant probability is able to save his life and return him to work. b) ensuring the maintenance of the production in the "social organism" of the so-called "energy surpluses". This function is due to the fact that the need for resources for the survival of the "social organism" can change dramatically, for example, during a war or natural disasters. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for the beginning. prof. education / M.N. Guslov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012

1.2 The system of social services for the population: principles, functions, types and forms of activity

Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

The implementation of activities is based on the following approaches:

Assistance should be reintegrative;

When providing assistance, individual approach to the client's request;

Social assistance is provided on the basis of the principle of subsidiarity;

The beneficiary must be active;

Social assistance mechanisms are activated when other methods of support (psychological, moral, contractual, legislative) have been exhausted. Client assistance system in the social service system:

a) social assistance function, which includes

Identification, accounting of families and individuals who are most in need of social support (low-income citizens, families with minor children and other disabled members), providing material (financial, in-kind) assistance and providing temporary housing to those in need, etc.;

Prevention of poverty: creation of conditions for families to independently ensure their well-being, family entrepreneurship;

Home services for those in need of outside care (delivery of food, medicines, transportation for treatment, home health monitoring, etc.);

Promoting the development of non-traditional forms of pre-school, school and out-of-school education;

Organization of a temporary forced stay of a child outside the parental family, his further placement in a children's institution, under guardianship (guardianship), adoption;

b) a consulting function, which includes:

Consulting specialists (lawyers, sociologists, teachers, doctors, psychologists, etc.);

Participation in preparing young people for choosing a profession;

Preparation of boys and girls for marriage and conscious parenthood;

Parental medical and psychological general education;

c) the function of social adjustment and rehabilitation, which includes:

Social medical and psychological rehabilitation of minors with deviant behavior, neglected children and adolescents, children left without parental care;

Medica - social rehabilitation and rehabilitation of children and adolescents with disabilities and families raising them;

d) the function of information of the population, the study and forecasting of social needs, within which three areas are distinguished:

Providing the client with the information necessary to resolve a difficult life situation;

Distribution among the medical population - psychological, pedagogical and other knowledge;

The study by social work specialists, specially created institutions, as well as with the help of scientific organizations of the needs of their clients and social problems that give rise to crisis situations in the region, the development and implementation of specific measures aimed at eliminating them;

e) the function of participation in the implementation of emergency measures to overcome the consequences of natural disasters and social conflicts:

Participation of social service specialists in the development of emergency programs;

Formation within the framework of rescue services organized at the central and other levels, teams of social workers, etc.

Provision of material assistance to citizens in difficult life situations in the form of cash, food, etc., as well as special vehicles, technical means for the rehabilitation of the disabled and persons in need of outside care;

Social services at home, which is carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of outside or temporary non-stationary social services;

Social services in stationary institutions, carried out by providing social services to citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and in need of constant outside care, and ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, carrying out medical, psychological, social activities, nutrition, care, as well as the organization of feasible labor activity, rest and leisure;

Provision of temporary shelter in specialized institutions of social services to orphans, neglected minor children, citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation, citizens without certain place residence, victims of psychological or physical violence and other clients of the social service who need to determine a temporary shelter;

Organization of a day stay in social service institutions with the provision of social, social, medical and other services to those who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement to elderly citizens and the disabled, as well as to other persons, including minors, who are in a difficult life situation;

Advisory assistance on issues of social and social and medical life support, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection;

Rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities, juvenile delinquents, other citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation and need professional, psychological, social rehabilitation. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

Social service is based on the principles:

Equal opportunities for citizens regardless of nationality, gender and age;

Availability;

Voluntariness;

Promoting self-reliant social adaptation;

Targeting, priority assistance to citizens who are in a dangerous or helpless state;

Humanity, goodwill, respect for confidentiality;

Preventive orientation;

Legality and accounting for international standards. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

Social service is formed on the basis of legality, humanism, justice and democracy. At the same time, common principles for the entire system of social service are common principles, the widespread adherence to which makes this system integral and consistent:

The principle of the priority of state principles in organizing social services and guaranteeing the rights of citizens to receive social services and assistance in difficult life situations means that the state ensures the rights of the individual, sovereignty, honor and freedom, protects it from different kind encroachments. It provides the social service system with the necessary materials, finances, human resources, determines the responsibilities of institutions, management bodies and social service workers;

The principle of relying on public participation means that the social component is a necessary link in the work of social services and their management. At the same time, in cases where social services require social vocational training, public participation is possible only as assistance to the main subjects of this activity;

The principle of territoriality means that the social service is as close as possible to the population and therefore in maximum degree available for direct use. This principle makes it possible to solve the problems of integrating departmental interests and opportunities for a comprehensive solution of the problems of social services, to maintain a variety of activities with common goals;

The principle of awareness means that institutions and management bodies of the social service have the right to collect information, receive, upon a reasoned request from state and public bodies, information that is necessary for their functions and assistance to clients. The functions of managing the issues of social services for the population in the jurisdictional territory are carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population. They build their activities in cooperation with the authorities of healthcare, public education, culture, physical culture and sports, law enforcement, state services for youth and employment and other government bodies, as well as with public, religious, charitable organizations and foundations.

In conclusion of the first chapter of this course work, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Scientific literature rarely uses such a concept as “social services for the population”. According to some scientists, in modern conditions, social service is one of the areas of social work. Thus, social services are presented as an organizational form that characterizes the mentioned type of activity. Social service can be considered as a system that includes certain ways on the basis of which social humanistic activity is carried out, which is aimed at solving the issues of social rehabilitation of individuals, their adaptation, as well as families and human society as a whole. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to characterize social services as a process consisting in the provision of certain specific social services that serve to satisfy the needs that are necessary for the normal development of those people who are dependent on the help of others.

The implementation of social services occurs through social services. Social service is the main concept included in the scope of the issue of providing social services. Social service can be viewed as a system that includes state and non-state structures that carry out social work. These structures include specialized agencies that provide social services, as well as the bodies that manage these institutions.

As an instrument of social work, the social service organizes activities aimed at social assistance and social protection of the population.

2. Feature contemporary problems social service

2.1 Problems of social services in modern Russia

There are many problems in the field of social services for pensioners:

on the one hand, paid social services are slowly developing, and on the other hand, there is a danger of absolutization of paid services, in comparison with the volume of paid services, the share of free services is decreasing;

the problem of the order of priority for obtaining places in institutions remains acute (about 12 thousand people need social services in a hospital and about 100 thousand people in non-stationary conditions);

insufficiently developed network of hospices, including hospices at home;

the problem of financing institutions and services of social services is topical. At the same time, in the near future, the demand for social services by older citizens, primarily for objective reasons, will increase;

the work of existing social service institutions needs to be significantly improved, replenished with specialists, improved legal and improved material and technical base;

the problem of retraining and advanced training of specialists and service personnel in new type social service institutions requires due attention.

To improve the social status of pensioners living in stationary social service institutions, it is planned to build and reconstruct these institutions. Gerontological centers, boarding houses of a general type, subject to re-profiling into gerontological centers, geriatric psychiatric centers, as well as stationary institutions, were selected as key objects.

Another obvious problem that complicates the interaction between the state and society in working with older people is the lack of information. For more successful activities of the social protection authorities, it would be advisable to have a database of public organizations working with older people and operating on the territory of their municipalities. The consistency and availability of this information at the regional and federal levels will improve intersectoral interaction, enrich public services with new ideas and approaches, and give public organizations the opportunity to disseminate their successful experience. Firsov M., Studenova E. Theory of social work: Tutorial for university students. Publisher: Vlados, 2012

In Russian society, a large number of people with signs of disability. It is no secret that in recent years the country has been experiencing a deterioration in the health of the nation, an aging society, unemployment, and low income.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: in the field of socio-economic development and legislative regulation.

A measure that can change the financial situation is the creation of a state off-budget fund for social services, which will allow to concentrate the available revenues (tax and other), and in the future to spend them exclusively in the field of social services.

The next step could be the development of a non-state system of social services, in particular, strengthening the role of public organizations (trade unions, religious organizations, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.).

In the field of protection of persons with disabilities, one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary:

increase in the volume and quality of manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means;

an increase in the number of institutions specializing in such production;

equipping places for training disabled people in general educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

2.2 Organization of social services in the Rostov region

The powers of the Government of the Rostov Region in the field of social services include:

Legal regulation and organization of social services in the Rostov region within the powers established by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation";

Approval of state programs of the Rostov region in the field of social services and control over their implementation;

Definition of an organ state power authorized to exercise the powers provided for by this Regional Law in the field of social services (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body of the Rostov Region in the field of social services);

Regulation approval interagency cooperation executive authorities of the Rostov region in connection with the implementation of the powers of the Rostov region in the field of social services for citizens;

Approval of the procedure for the provision of social services by social service providers;

Establishing the procedure for approving tariffs for social services based on per capita norms for financing social services;

Approval of the staffing standards for social service organizations under the jurisdiction of the authorized body of the Rostov Region in the field of social services (hereinafter referred to as the social service organization of the Rostov Region), the standards for providing soft equipment and living space when providing social services by these organizations;

Approval of nutritional standards in social service organizations of the Rostov region;

Approval of the procedure for organizing the implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services;

Approval of the amount of payment for the provision of social services and the procedure for its collection;

Establishment of the procedure for the implementation of state programs of the Rostov region in the field of social services, including investment programs;

Organization of support for socially oriented non-profit organizations, philanthropists and volunteers operating in the field of social services for citizens in the Rostov region in accordance with federal and regional laws;

Approval of the nomenclature of social service organizations for citizens in the Rostov region;

Establishing a procedure for accepting citizens from among persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, for whom, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, administrative supervision is established and who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service, for social services in stationary social service organizations with special social services for citizens;

Determining the amount and procedure for paying compensation to the provider or providers of social services that are included in the register of social service providers, but do not participate in the fulfillment of the state task (order), when a citizen receives from them the social services provided for individual program provision of social services;

Determination of other circumstances that are recognized as worsening or capable of worsening the living conditions of citizens.

The Government of the Rostov Region exercises other powers in the field of social services referred by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation", other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to the jurisdiction and powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established this Regional Law, other regional laws, regulatory legal acts of the Governor of the Rostov Region or the Government of the Rostov Region. Regional Law of September 03, 2014 No. 222-ЗС "On social services for citizens in the Rostov region"

The powers of the authorized body of the Rostov region in the field of social services include:

Organization of social services in the Rostov region within the powers established by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation";

Development and implementation of state programs of the Rostov region in the field of social services;

Coordination of the activities of social service providers, public organizations and other organizations operating in the field of social services for citizens in the Rostov region;

Implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services;

Formation and maintenance of the register of social service providers and the register of recipients of social services;

Ensuring free access to information about social service providers, the social services they provide, types of social services, the terms, procedure and conditions for their provision, tariffs for these services, including through the media, including posting information on official websites in information - telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet" network);

Accounting and reporting in the field of social services in the Rostov region;

Development and implementation of measures for the formation and development of the social services market, including the development of non-governmental organizations of social services for citizens;

Assistance to citizens, public and other organizations in the implementation of public control in the field of social services;

Development and testing of methods and technologies in the field of social services;

Approval of the procedure for spending funds generated as a result of charging fees for the provision of social services for social service organizations in the Rostov region;

Organization of vocational training, vocational education and additional professional education for employees of social service providers.

The authorized body of the Rostov Region in the field of social services exercises other powers in the field of social services, referred by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services to Citizens in the Russian Federation", other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to the powers of the state authority of the subject of the Russian Federation, authorized to exercise the powers provided for by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation" in the field of social services, unless otherwise provided by this Regional Law, other regional laws, regulatory legal acts of the Governor of the Rostov Region or the Government of the Rostov Region. Regional Law of September 03, 2014 No. 222-ЗС "On social services for citizens in the Rostov region"

At the end of the second chapter of the course work, we can conclude that in Russia there are a number of rather acute problems associated with social services for the population.

First of all, these problems are related to the fact that the financing of this area by the state does not meet the needs of such categories of socially unprotected citizens as the disabled and pensioners. The solution to these problems is possible by stimulating charity in order to shift some of the issues of social services for the population from the shoulders of the state to private organizations. In order to stimulate the development of charity, it is necessary to adopt appropriate legislation that would give benefits to organizations engaged in charity in the field of social services for people in need.

Conclusion

The implementation of social services occurs through social services. Social service is the main concept included in the scope of the issue of providing social services. Social service can be viewed as a system that includes state and non-state structures that carry out social work. These structures include specialized institutions that provide social services, as well as bodies that manage these institutions.

As an instrument of social work, the social service organizes activities aimed at social assistance and social protection of the population.

In Russia, there are a number of rather acute problems related to social services for the population.

Legislation in the Rostov region in the field of social services is based on federal legislation in this area. The regional government and the governor are paying increased attention to providing social services for people who need it.

List of used literature

1. Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”

2. Regional Law of September 03, 2014 No. 222-ЗС "On social services for citizens in the Rostov region"

3. Barker R. Dictionary of Social Work. - Moscow. 2013

4. Eruslanova R.I. "Technologies of social services for the elderly and disabled at home. Textbook" Publisher: Dashkov i K., 2012.

5. Zaynyshev I. G. Technology of social work. Publisher: Vlados, 2012;

6. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for early. prof. education / M.N. Guslov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012

7. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

8. Firsov M., Studenova E. Theory of social work: Textbook for university students. Publisher: Vlados, 2012.

9. Khizhny N. State system of social protection of citizens in the countries of Western Europe. Publisher: INION RAN, 2013.

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The development of social service practice imposes serious requirements that take into account the special needs of citizens, which should be implemented in a more flexible, locally specific and accessible public system of social services.
Existence of common laws and standards medical care, is an asset of the government, the institutional system of social work, it was a shortcoming, giving targeted assistance "impersonal" nature, when the specific needs of the client "do not fit" in the universal guaranteed list. If you need additional services, the client must pay or accept the inability to receive them. In many cases, even the minimum payment for a particular service is seen as moral harm, an insult.
The whole complex of social...

INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Stationary social services: concept, principles, admission rules 5
1.2 Forms of stationary social service 10
CHAPTER 2. REVIEWING THE PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL SERVICE CENTERS AND INCREASING THEIR ROLE 14
2.1 Activities of Social Service Centers. Statement of problems and ways to solve them 14
2.2 Methods in the approach to the work of social services. Offers and opportunities for their implementation 20
CONCLUSION 26
REFERENCES 28

Introduction

The relevance of this course work is due to the fact that the proportion of older people and people with disabilities in the population in the modern world is gradually increasing, these trends are typical for our country. Their income is well below the average, and much higher in health and welfare needs.
Disability and old age is a problem not only of the individual, but also of the state and society as a whole. This category of citizens, which urgently needs not only social protection, but also understanding of their problems by the people around them, who will express themselves not in pity, but in human compassion and equal treatment as fellow citizens.
The development of social services for the elderly and the disabled is given more and more importance in our country every year, it is considered as an extremely necessary addition to cash payments, and significantly increases the efficiency of the entire state social security system.

Fragment of the work for review

It is carried out by providing citizens in need of permanent or temporary non-stationary social services who have partially lost the ability to self-service at home in the form of social, socio-medical services and other types of assistance. Among the home social services provided for in the list of social services guaranteed by the state, include themselves: 1) catering services, including home delivery of groceries; 2) assistance in purchasing medicines, food and essential industrial goods; 3) assistance in obtaining medical care, including support for medical institutions; 4) maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements; 5) assistance in organizing legal assistance and other legal services; 6) assistance in organizing funeral services; 7) other home social services. In addition to home social services, subject to the lists of social services guaranteed by the state, the elderly people with disabilities can be provided with additional services for full or partial payment. b) Social and medical care at home mental disorders(in remission), tuberculosis (with the exception of the active form), serious diseases (including cancer) in late stages diseases requiring treatment in specialized medical institutions. food or food packages; 2) provision of clothes, shoes and other essentials; 3) one-time financial assistance; 4) assistance in obtaining temporary housing; 5) organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served; 6) organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance with assistance for the work of psychologists and clergy and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for the purpose; 7) other emergency social services. d) Social advisory assistance Social advisory assistance to citizens and people with disabilities in order to Iw their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relationships in the family, as well as to ensure interaction between the individual, family, society and the state. Social advisory assistance to citizens and the disabled is aimed at their psychological efforts to enhance support in solving their problems. own problems and provides for: 1) identifying persons in need of consulting assistance; 2) preventing various types of socio-psychological deviations; 3) working with families in which elderly and disabled citizens live, organizing their leisure time; 4) consulting on professional training, vocational guidance and employment of persons with disabilities; 5) in order to ensure the coordination of activities public institutions and public organizations to solve the problems of elderly and disabled citizens; 6) legal assistance within the competence of social services; 7) other measures to create healthy relationships and create a favorable social environment for the elderly and disabled. Chapter 2. Analysis of the effectiveness of the work of social service centers services and enhancing their role 2.1 Activities of Social Service Centers. Statement of problems and ways to solve them Analysis of the situation of the elderly and disabled proves that they are the most socially vulnerable category of the population in need of special care and social protection from the state. Almost on the same day, most older people lost all their savings, which were set aside throughout their lives and guaranteed "a dignified old age and a dignified funeral." All the achievements of their past life were depreciated: the ideals of their youth and maturity were recognized as false, and they not only lost the respect of the younger generation, but are constantly a "burden for the working population." Thus, the main task of social protection institutions, especially social service centers (SSC ) is to maintain an active lifestyle of the older generation, providing them with a variety of social and psychological assistance. Transitional forms of social services aimed at providing social assistance and services for older people who prefer to stay in their familiar home environment. Among the non-stationary forms of social services, first of all, social services at home should be placed. This form of social service was first organized in 1987 and immediately received wide recognition from the elderly. Currently, this is one of the main social services of the CSO, the main goal of which is to extend the stay of older people in their usual environment as much as possible, to maintain their personal and social status, in order to protect their rights and legitimate interests. activities in accordance with the Territorial list of state-guaranteed social services. The list provides the following services: - Purchase and home delivery of food, hot meals; - Assistance in cooking; - Purchase and home delivery of essential industrial goods; - Assistance in organizing repairs and cleaning of premises; - Assistance in paying for housing - Utilities; - Laundry, dry cleaning, repair and return with delivery; - Provision of care based on health status; - Assistance in the provision of medical care within the framework of the basic program of targeted programs and regional programs of compulsory medical insurance for citizens of the Russian Federation, target programs and regional programs of compulsory medical insurance provided by state and municipal care institutions; - Assistance in providing for the conclusion of doctors medicines and medical supplies;- Psychological support;- Visits to inpatient medical institutions in order to provide moral and psychological support;- Assistance in hospitalization, support is required by health care institutions. In a difficult time for our country, the work of social services should be limited, and not not only in providing citizens served with social services, but also in providing social and psychological assistance (listen, understand and give advice as far as possible to meet the spiritual needs of an elderly person). Based on the experience of the CSO, it is necessary to analyze the difficulties in the department of social services at home, which in turn affects the quality of services to citizens. As a rule, suitability for working with the elderly and people with disabilities at home is primarily determined by the endurance and physical strength of the social worker. This is due to the fact that the activities of the department - associated with greater physical activity, very hard work. Currently, the rate is set for the maximum allowable load for women in the delivery of products at home, in the ward for one visit - up to 7 kg. If a social worker does not exceed the norm, then one visit he brings when working on one (8 people) - 56 kg , while working on 1 course (12 people) - 84 kg. According to the latest rules, a social worker must visit the wards at least 2-3 times a week. If necessary, at the request of persons served, home visits can be carried out 3 times a week. As a full-time social worker working week brings (at full load) up to 112 kg - when working at one rate, and up to 168 kg - in the amount of 1.5. The list of products that are purchased with the service of citizens is as follows: bread, milk, cereals, vegetables, meat and etc. According to the assessment of brought products, it should be said that everything depends on the range of material well served people tend to receive a pension, in more rare cases, additional help from friends and relatives. But even if pensioners and the disabled will receive a minimum pension, all social services and the delivery of essential goods, as if carried by a social worker. This problem can be solved or facilitate the work of employees in the following areas: - Every social service center should be available vehicles and a normal material and technical base for the purchase and maintenance of vehicles. To date, 110 centers, only 10 of them have a car, although the illustrative staffing of the center of each of structural divisions the center should be a car. - In the staffing table, enter the rate of the loader or add this rate as an internal alignment - the driver. Since any food, clothing, or humanitarian aid provided by the center is released by the power center of workers. The Day Care Department (ODS) is the hallmark of any social service. The main task is to provide the elderly and people with disabilities, providing them with an active lifestyle, adapting their lives in their “own” environment. As a kind of semi-products of stationary social services, it includes social, medical and cultural services for the elderly, food and recreation. The branches are designed to simultaneously receive from 30 to 90 single pensioners and disabled people. Attendance at the CCT organized on the basis of permits for a period of 4 weeks (in some cases, for 2 weeks). The working department of day care is built in accordance with the approved Regulations on the social service center. Department of day care centers, in accordance with the approved daily routine , start service, at 10 o'clock 00 min. The office has already met its visitors at the entrance to the center, after which they were led around the center and familiarized with its work. Friendly and kind staff The attitude of the center, welcoming pensioners, immediately creates an atmosphere of friendliness and location. Each center has a carefully thought-out design, the interior creates comfort, uplifting. The stands reflect life as a center and Day Care Department. Retirees can find information about the work of social services, for events dedicated to various holidays, see photos at the work of the CCT. In the person of the director of the Administration Center, he met with a group of elderly people, telling them about the department, its functions and the various forms of assistance they can receive during a visit to the CCT. After this offer, visit the serviced medical office, where the nurse, at the request of the pensioner measuring blood pressure, talks about the various medicines used in specific circumstances. In case of poor health, provides first aid, provides advice on issues of interest. For those who want to visit the physiotherapy room, the nurse conducts physiotherapy classes, talks about the purpose of various simulators with which pensioners can do the physical exercises necessary for recovery lost health due to surgery or stressful situations. Special thanks go to the hot retired nutrition centers. To visit the Day Care Department, calculate the hangover menu showing the weight of the portions, the cost of food and the total cost of the meal. At the end of the month, in the event of a balance of funds for pensioners, additional food packages are formed and vacation dates for department employees are trying to make these dinners really festive. conditions and those who are in dire need of in-kind or material assistance, Urgent Social Service Departments (OSSO) are opened at the centers. The main activity of the branches emergency care are: - Provision of clothing assistance (clothes, shoes, bedding, etc.); - Provision of food assistance (food parcels or vouchers for free meals); - Provision of humanitarian assistance; - Psychological support; - Conducting legal advice on social protection of the population .Given the sharp rise in prices and the impoverishment of the population, especially the plight of pensioners and the disabled. It is social service centers that are primarily obliged to come to them with offers of help, which can be not only in the form of vouchers for CSOs, things and food packages. Also becoming important for retirees psychological help and communication, participation in cultural events, work and activity circles. In this difficult time, more than ever, it is necessary to be attentive, responsive and show a friendly attitude towards all elderly and disabled citizens who visit social service centers. In view of the above, it is obvious that gratitude and recognition from the wards depends, first of all, on the head of the center, on his ability and willingness to carry out his work properly on his successful cooperation with charitable and public organizations. 2.2 Methods in the approach to the work of social services. Offers and opportunities for their implementation Social services should be available to all, without exception, older people. They should be organized in such a way as to ensure that appropriate measures are not only guaranteed to provide the elderly with guaranteed social services, but also create conditions for the realization of personal potential in old age. etc.) in non-stationary forms are developing in difficult conditions, primarily due to lack of funding. The situation is further aggravated by the significant number of poor people who require social support, as well as the fact that social security agencies in the field of population are increasingly forced to take on non-core functions, such as medical, consumer and commercial services to citizens. However, despite all the difficulties, on the whole managed to maintain the network of stationary institutions, but also to some extent to expand it. Although the system of social services would have developed much more successfully if there were fewer outstanding issues, both from legal and organizational plans. First of all, it has not yet the concept of state social protection was developed, the lack of a legislative framework and rules regarding social services for the elderly and people with disabilities, large families, single-parent families and others. Existing as a few articles on this issue often sometimes "slow down" the process of social assistance.Set to provide computers and other computing devices, but only in one direction: retirement. Social services center computers are practically allocated centrally by the Russian Ministry of Social Protection and the Committee of Acquired Social Protection of the Population of Moscow, the reason is mainly due to the lack of funding. In this regard, in the small work of the CSO on the collection and analysis of data on the population and the introduction of the information obtained into computers. All this affects the quality of planning and implementation of various social programs. At present, society is so large that the stratification to take into account all disadvantaged groups of people, and the larger the individual family, the old methods are impossible. Executive authorities, the establishment of social service centers, since government institutions are designed to support the population, with the first day of existence to put them in a humiliating position, forcing them to go out and seek or ask for help for themselves. Why are these centers partially funded: employees, repairs, equipment and living expenses? But there is also the power of visitors, cultural events, emergency social assistance and other activities of the CSO that require stable budgetary funding. At this time, some CSOs are assisted by the Department pension fund. And tomorrow, the capacity of this organization is sufficient only for the payment of pensions, which is currently taking place in a number of regions of Russia, since enterprises stop, and cash flows are significantly reduced.

Bibliography

1. Federal Law of the Russian Federation: “On insurance rates for compulsory social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases for 2006” [Text]: dated December 22, 2005 No. 179-FZ (as amended on June 27, 2013)
2. Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On State Pension Provision in the Russian Federation" [Text]: dated December 15, 2001 No. 166-FZ (as amended and supplemented on August 22, 2004)
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The right to social services is an objective necessity for those citizens who need social services, who find themselves in a difficult life situation. Enough lives in Russia a large number of people who, for various reasons, cannot serve themselves and are limited in their life activity.

Statistics report that the health of citizens is deteriorating, there are many aging and disabled people, there is unemployment and low-income population.

The problem of population aging is not only for the Russian Federation, but also for a significant number of countries in the world. One of the trends observed in recent decades in the developed world is the growth in the absolute number and relative proportion of older people in the population.

Therefore, the state is obliged to assume obligations in order to contribute to the preservation and extension of the full life of every person, to recognize its debt to him and to support his social, labor, educational and creative activity. To implement the full-scale functions of social assistance, support and social security, the Russian Federation has a system of social protection.

Unfortunately, on this moment in Russia, the quality and level of social services are not in the best condition. The issues of the implementation of state policy in the social sphere have now acquired particular relevance. The transition to a socially oriented policy requires the creation of an effective and developed system for providing social protection to the population. Therefore, social policy is primarily focused on the problems of social security and services for the elderly, support for the disabled and families with children. As noted, in our country there is a “trend towards an increase in the number of elderly and disabled people in the population. This is accompanied by a deterioration in their health and limitations in self-care. Need in various types rehabilitation services are experienced by 80% of disabled elderly and disabled people. More than 30% are in need of constant assistance and social and medical services.” In the process of aging human body a person has a risk of acquiring chronic diseases; at any time, medical, rehabilitation assistance, care of another person may be needed. Older people often have problems not only in the medical field, but also psychological disorders and problems of a social nature. Social problems are associated, as a rule, with a low and even extremely low material standard of living, the inability to buy all the necessary (often expensive) medicines and medical equipment, apply for paid medical care, etc. And the benefits and benefits provided by the state cannot solve all problems. material problems such old needy people. Psychological problems mainly appear due to the fact that older people who have retired and stopped working begin to experience a lack of communication and a feeling of loneliness, uselessness. The need for outsiders, including medical care, is several times higher for the elderly than for people of working age. Being alone at home, older people are not always able to cope with health problems on their own. Elderly patients need long-term maintenance therapy and outside care, medical and social assistance. If we talk about medical and social assistance, then it is a set of measures of a medical, social, psychological, pedagogical, rehabilitation and legal nature, carried out at the state and regional levels and is aimed at meeting the basic needs of a socially vulnerable category of citizens (elderly citizens, as well as people with disabilities - disabled people). This assistance is provided by stationary institutions, both in the health sector and in the sphere of social services for citizens. It aims to provide therapeutic interventions and care in order to restore and maintain health and self-care abilities. In addition to state institutions and organizations, there are also commercial, paid institutions (private boarding houses) for the elderly and disabled people who are in need of medical and social services. Both in public and private organizations providing medical and social services to needy citizens, all services provided should be aimed at meeting a wide range of needs of their patients: comfortable living, good nutrition, professional medical care, health-improving and rehabilitation procedures, psychological support. But far from all institutions have sufficient capabilities to meet the needs for medical and social assistance of all citizens who apply.

After all, the continued growth of the elderly population increases the burden on the health and social services, but the lack of funds leads to problems in providing medical and social assistance to the elderly and disabled

There is an inextricable link between the quality of medical services and the level of social services. Both organizations providing social services and their employees should in every possible way contribute to the improvement of medical care, medical and social assistance, and for this, carry out various activities aimed at the proper functioning of these social organizations.

There are negative phenomena occurring in the field of social services: a decrease in the dynamics of development of social service institutions; low quality state of the art this sector; unsatisfactory socio-economic situation of social workers; insufficient financial, logistical, personnel and information support for the activities of social service institutions. As already mentioned, among the serious reasons why the goal of rehabilitation of the disabled and other people who need it is not always achieved, there are problems of lack of professionalism in the work of medical staff, the lack of development of rehabilitation techniques, and so on. Therefore, for successful rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account a complex of medical, socio-psychological, professional aspects, as well as the personal characteristics of patients. Also, one of the solutions to the problems of the organization and activities of stationary social services for the rehabilitation of the disabled is the optimization of the structure of institutions, the reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new buildings.

It is necessary to expand new promising types of social service institutions: boarding houses of small capacity for elderly citizens and the disabled.

Reforming the system of social services for the population should be aimed at taking measures to overcome the shortage of places in stationary social institutions by moving these institutions from disadvantaged to environmentally areas and create acceptable living conditions in them.

Thus, providing affordable medical care for the elderly and disabled is impossible without the creation of an extensive system of specialized rehabilitation institutions. And social programs at all levels remain an effective tool for responding to the problems of the elderly population.

So, the state of the social service system is affected by the totality various factors. One of the most important reasons- economic. The economic factor is expressed in the lack of funding, sponsoring the social service sector. This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of the provision of social services to the population, leads to the inaccessibility of social services for some categories of citizens. Due to the shortage of funds allocated to this area, there is an outflow of labor, often highly professional, personnel - social workers who provide relevant services.

Equipment and technical equipment many social service organizations and institutions are also in decline.

One of the important impetuses to change the existing social tension and social reality will be the development and functioning of the system of non-state social services, support and strengthening of the role of trade unions, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.