Signs of winter in wildlife: the main and most important. “Winter phenomena in inanimate nature Message on the topic of winter phenomena

27.10.2019

Natural phenomena characterize the weather with seasonal changes nature and are observed in certain seasons of the year. Each season has its own distinctive weather phenomena of nature: flowering in spring, a thunderstorm in summer, leaf fall in autumn and snow in winter.

winter phenomena in inanimate nature:
1. Thaw
2. Ice
3. Snowfall
4. Snowstorm
5. Frost.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in northern latitudes our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Muddy November weather gives way to December frosts, fettering reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy snow blanket. The days are getting shorter and the nights are dragging on in anticipation of the first ray of sunshine.

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice. It is December 21st on the night of the 22nd. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.
The clouds sink lower, becoming heavy, gray with overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

Snow is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a dense blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, it crunches harder underfoot and pricks when touched.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with increasing intensity, the snow turns into a blizzard - the most formidable winter natural phenomenon. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He raises snow cover and carries him along. In nature, there are high and low snowstorms, depending on the redistribution air masses. As a rule, strong snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the very peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

A frequent companion of winter weather is sleet. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of small streams, other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear.
If there are severe long frosts in winter, they fetter the deepest reservoirs, which freeze through to very decent depths, and this is how freezing begins, paralyzing navigation. The ice will break only with a strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

Frost refers to hazards nature. They can be installed on for a long time, if the winter anticyclone dominates in the district. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare phenomenon. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage agriculture and provoke the appearance emergency, so all utilities in the winter are on alert.

Another indispensable attribute of winter is an icicle - a cone-shaped piece of ice that hangs from any plane. During the day, the sun warms the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles on impact with the ground.

It is from the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring begins, when the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer, and frosty patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed earth.
Snow is a winter sight precipitation. It has its own crystalline structure, which is based on frozen microscopic drops of water. When a drop passes through the cold atmospheric layers of air and falls to the ground, it freezes and overgrows with its fellows, clinging to them, forming six-pointed snowflakes. This form is due to the physical laws of water freezing.

What is snow made of?
Each of the snowflakes rarely exceeds 5 mm in size, but the openwork weave of the faces can be the most diverse. It is still not clear why each snowflake is not similar to each other, why each of them has perfect symmetry. Today it has already been proven that all snowflakes have clear geometric lines that are combined in a hexagonal format, it is the hexagonal shape that the water molecule itself has, therefore, freezing in the clouds and turning into an ice crystal, water is formed according to this principle, capturing other molecules in a chain, located in close proximity.

The bizarre shape is affected by both the temperature of the air and the indicator of its humidity. But no one today doubts that a snowflake is essentially the links of one chain of a frozen water molecule. The contours of the snowflake itself are angular. The tips most likely resemble sharp tips or needles. And they are all different, each snowflake has its own pointed pattern. Today there is no answer to the question why this is happening. Perhaps we will very soon witness new scientific discoveries that will reveal to us the secret of geometric symmetry and dissimilarity of snowflakes.

The presence of snow plays an important role. A blanket of snow wraps the earth in a thick layer of white veil. It keeps heat and does not allow plants and small animals to die. Without it, winter crops will die, there will be no harvest, bread will not be born. Snow creates that necessary supply of moisture, which is so important during spring awakening. Therefore, the importance of snow cannot be overestimated.

Changes are constantly taking place in nature and weather, sometimes it snows, sometimes it rains, sometimes the sun bakes, sometimes clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, its natural and weather phenomena are characteristic. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring after long winter the sun warms up more and more, ice begins to drift on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena occur in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. A thunderstorm often occurs when pushing and lifting warm air cold fronts.

Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can range in size from a tiny pea to chicken egg, then it can even break through the glass of the car!

These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.

Flowering is a spring phenomenon of wildlife. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. In summer, the longest day and the most short night in a year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:

Rain. In the air, water vapor is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. The low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weight of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Often summer rain accompanied by a thunderstorm. If at the same time it's raining and the sun is shining, they say it's "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in the atmosphere high humidity, often after a rain or a downpour with a thunderstorm. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it appears as a multi-colored arc. At refraction sun rays optical distortion occurs in water droplets, which consists in the deviation different colors, White color breaks down into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.

In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It's getting colder, the leaves are turning yellow, falling off, flying away migratory birds, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in autumn, exposing their bark and branches, in preparation for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn into frost.

Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, frost, frost - autumn phenomena inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter, the longest nights and the most short days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm streams air rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle is ensured in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare unusual phenomena nature, such as northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, anxiety, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

Materials prepared for the lesson on the subject The world in the 2nd grade, the programs Perspective and the School of Russia (Pleshakov), but will be useful to any teacher primary school, and parents of preschoolers and younger students in home schooling.

Welcome to winter. Inanimate nature in winter.

To give a concept of winter natural phenomena, based on the direct life experience of students: snow cover on the ground, ice on water bodies, snowfall, blizzard, frost, thaw, ice; learn to see the beauty of winter nature.

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Preview:

Subject: Welcome to winter. Inanimate nature in winter.

Lesson objectives:

Predicted results:

During the classes:

I. Motivation of educational activity

Guys, today we will go to visit one of the seasons of the year.

Listen to an excerpt from a poem by Samuil Marshak and say what time of the year it says.

Snow on the roof, on the porch.

The sun is in the blue sky.

There are stoves in our house.

Smoke rises into the sky.

The poem is about winter.

Today we will go on a visit to winter and find out what changes occur in inanimate nature in winter.

II. Knowledge update

Repetition of the material covered

Let's first repeat what we call wildlife, and something inanimate nature.

electronic media

The game "Set the correspondence" (according to the electronic medium for the educational and methodological set "The World Around" A.A. Pleshakov for grade 2)

III. Work on the topic of the lesson

Slide 1 "Winter"

Consider the picture. What season is shown in the picture?

Autumn.

In the second picture?

Winter.

How has nature changed with the onset of winter?

Everything around became white, rivers and lakes are covered with ice, the soil is frozen.

The days got shorter and the nights got longer.

What makes everything white in nature?

Snow.

What snow?

The snow is white and fluffy.

Guys, snow is a winter phenomenon of nature.

(a snow sign is posted on the board)

Let's listen to I. Surikov's poem "Winter"

Choigan:

White snow, fluffy, spinning in the air

And quietly falls to the ground.

And in the morning the field turned white with snow,

Like a veil, everything dressed him.

How is it snowing? What is he doing in the air?

Snow swirls, falls from the sky to the ground.

This natural phenomenon is called snowfall..(Snowfall sign is attached to the board)

Let's see amazing phenomenon nature - snowfall.

electronic media

Children watch the snowfall on an electronic medium for the educational and methodological kit "The World Around" A.A. Pleshakov for grade 2)

In a strong wind, the snow swirls, rushes through the air and on the ground. At houses, at fences, at trees there are snowdrifts.

Slide 2 "Snowstorm"

This natural phenomenon is called a blizzard.

(a sign with the word blizzard is posted on the board)

Now guess the riddle and find out what snow consists of.

What kind of stars through
On a coat and on a scarf,
All through - cut,
And you take it - water in your hand.(Snowflake.)

That's right, it's snowflakes. Snow is made up of small snowflakes.

Snowflakes are frozen water vapor that forms in the air and falls to the ground.

(a sentence is posted on the board: “Snowflakes are frozen water vapor that forms in the air and falls to the ground.”

Slide 3 "crystallization of water"

Consider different pictures of snowflakes.

Slides 4,5,6,7 "Snowflakes"

(The teacher shows slides and pictures of snowflakes and hangs them on the board.)

Snowflakes are different and very beautiful. Some even have their own names.

They may have the following names:

Star

Stud

Hedgehog

Plate

Needle

Column

Guess the names of the snowflakes. (Attachment 1)

(Children correlate cards with the names of snowflakes with images of snowflakes)

Work in a notebook. S. 51.

Guys. Open your notebooks on p.51., indicate with arrows what the snowflakes are called.

Fizminutka

To the music of Tchaikovsky's "Waltz of the Snowflakes"

- Draw my text with an action.
You are snowflakes. The wind whirls around you, it either throws you up, then lowers you back to the ground. During the day you shine from the sun, and at night, when a snowstorm is circling, you want to dance a snowy waltz.
- Thank you, have a seat.

Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson

What is the weather like in winter?

Frosty.

In frosty weather, the snow is loose, dry. But sometimes it gets warm, the snow melts. Puddles appear. And this natural phenomenon is called a thaw.

(a card with the word thaw is posted on the board)

slide 8 "thaw"

- Look at the screen. In winter, when the thaw, the snow melts, icicles appear.

Now listen to the poem and you will find out what happens to the melted water during the thaw. (the student reads a poem by N. Nekrasov)

Snow flutters, spins,

It's white outside.

And the puddles turned

In cold glass

What did the puddles turn into? (into glass i.e. into ice)

Guys look at the screen. The water that appeared during the thaw and the melted snow then freeze and become like glass. So the streets are icy.

(The teacher hangs a card with the word icy on the board)

Slide 9 "Ice"

At this time, pedestrians and car drivers should be especially careful.

In winter, what appears on the windows, what did you notice?

Various patterns appear.

Look at the screen. Here are some beautiful patterns appearing on the windows.

Slides 10,11,12,13 "Hoarfrost, frost"

This natural phenomenon is called frost. Patterns appear from frost (hyraa) not only on the windows, but also on the trees.

(The teacher hangs a card on the board with the word frost, frost)

There is always transparent water vapor in the air. Warm air vapors settle on cold glasses and turn into ice crystals, just like snowflakes in the sky. This is how ice patterns appear on the windows.

When there is frost, everything around becomes surprisingly beautiful.

It becomes especially beautiful in the park, in the forest.

Listen to M. Lesna-Raunio II's poem about this natural phenomenon.

Who draws so skillfully

What a miracle dreamers

ice drawing sad:

Rivers, groves and lakes?

Who applied the complex ornament

On the window of any apartment?

It's all the same artist.

These are all his paintings.

What is the name of the artist?

Freezing.

creative work

Imagine that you are frost. There are sheets on the desks, take a blue pencil and draw your patterns on the glass.

An exhibition of works is arranged.

Working with the textbook. S.130-131 (children read the text)

I V. Reflection of educational activity.

(Based on what they worked on in the lesson and the text of the textbook, children answer questions, guess riddles, and solve a crossword puzzle)

1.Questions

What changes in inanimate nature occur with the advent of winter.? What precipitation falls in winter? What is happening to the earth?

What happens to the water bodies.

What natural phenomena occur in winter in inanimate nature?

2. Riddles

Remembering what we talked about in the lesson, you can solve riddles:

The tablecloth is white, dressed the whole world.

(Snow.)

What kind of stars are see-through on a coat and on a scarf,
All through, cut, and take it - water in your hand?

(Snowflakes.)

It does not burn in fire, nor does it sink in water.

(Ice.)"

Crossword

What is snow made of? (snowflakes)
What draws ice patterns on the river? (frost)
What are warm days in winter called?
First month of winter. (January)

Homework

Observe changes in inanimate nature

MBOU " Medium comprehensive school№2 Kyzyl»

Development of a lesson on the world around us for grade 2

under the program of A.A. Pleshakov "The world around"

Lesson topic: “Visiting winter. Winter phenomena in inanimate nature»

The lesson was compiled by a primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No. 2, Kyzyl Mongush Sayana Alekseevna

Kyzyl 2011

Annotation of the lesson on the world around for grade 2

Lesson objectives:

Predicted results:

Children will learn about winter changes in animate and inanimate nature, will learn to talk about their observations in nature native land. generalize and systematize the observations of children over winter natural phenomena; observe the shape of snowflakes (preparation for learning about the crystallization of freezing water).

Educational materials:illustrations with views of winter nature; posters "Winter"; electronic media for the educational and methodological kit "The World Around" A.A. Pleshakov for grade 2, slides for demonstration using the PowerPoint program; images of snowflakes and cards with their names; each student has a blank sheet of A-4 and a blue pencil on the table.

Lesson structure:

There are four stages in the lesson:

Motivation for learning activities

II. Knowledge update

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in autumn, winter, spring and summer: description.

Autumn is Golden time year, which comes immediately after a hot and sunny summer. Little children notice dramatic changes, both in the weather and in their attitude towards themselves. With the onset of autumn, the scorching rays of the sun replace rainy days, the trees begin to shed their leaves, and the grass turns yellow. Thus, nature prepares for the onset of cold weather and winter.

Autumn signs of autumn in living and inanimate nature: a list

For many schoolchildren, autumn is associated with the beginning of a new school year, at this time the children meet with their friends and classmates, and dressed in school uniform going to get new knowledge.

Here are some signs that autumn is coming:

Surely the kids noticed when autumn came, the sun had gone somewhere, and the sky was covered with clouds. Even with sunny weather, it’s not so warm outside (you can understand by how people start to dress). Light T-shirts and dresses are replaced by jackets and jeans, and with the onset of October-December, many wear coats and jackets.
Despite the fact that the summer is hot, of course, there is windy weather. But she is more pleased, because when a warm breeze blows, it refreshes. But strong gusts of wind in autumn are no longer so pleasant, because a cold wind blows with such force that it tears leaves from trees.
Autumn is characterized by frequent fogs, and mothers begin to monitor weather changes, because in autumn the weather often changes, and it is very important to dress correctly at such a time, because. it's very easy to get sick. By the way, with climate change, many children begin to get sick. colds which is rare in summer.
The coming autumn can be seen by plants, for example, how grapes or currants turn red, chestnuts and many other trees and shrubs turn yellow. In September, it is already possible to collect fallen maple leaves. Often they make an application or various bouquets. But according to coniferous trees it is impossible to determine the onset of the autumn period, because such trees are green both in summer and in winter.

You can determine the change in the weather by observing the animals. For example, most birds hide from the cold by flying away to warmer climes. Of course, there are those who are not afraid of the cold - these are pigeons, crows and sparrows. But the heat-loving birds, sensing the offensive rainy autumn immediately with their chicks fly far south.
There are animals that hibernate, such as the bear, raccoon, badger, hedgehog and many others, especially those that live in minks. Hare, fox and squirrels change their color, so it is easier for them to disguise themselves from predators. As you know, squirrels are very thrifty - therefore, they prepare a lot of nuts and acorns for the winter, which they will feed on throughout all the cold weather. And they collect food in the fall, when nuts and acorns ripen. This can also be observed.
Annoying flies, mosquitoes and many insects also hide with the onset of the slightest cold.
Why is the day getting shorter? This also characterizes autumn. If the sun sets earlier than usual, then you should expect the onset of cold days. This is a sign of autumn in inanimate nature.
As winter approaches, frost can be seen in the mornings. These are small particles of dew that have frozen on the leaves and surfaces in an uneven prickly layer.
Even ice occurs in autumn, this often happens at the end of November, when the air temperature shows minus values. By this time, people are already wearing hats, gloves and scarves. The weather promises that winter is already “on the nose”.

Autumn is very bright and beautiful time year, the roads are covered with a golden "blanket", you can observe beautiful scenery and over how the birds fly away to warmer climes. Despite the fact that rainy weather reigns in autumn, this gives us the opportunity to observe the beauty of nature.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in autumn: description of observations

On the territory of our country, one can often observe changes in the weather and nature, which “adjusts” to the upcoming changes. Many phenomena that we observe are connected precisely with the seasons and therefore are called seasonal. One of the most beautiful times of the year is autumn.

During this period, nature is painted with golden colors, all animals and plants are preparing for the cold winter, and you can observe amazing changes and phenomena. Autumn is characterized by the following main changes:

fogs. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the earth heats up during the day, and at night the temperature is already below zero, so fog, dew and even frost are observed at sunrise.
Shower. Autumn is associated precisely with rainy weather, and it is during this period that heavy rains in other words, rain
Wind. It is in autumn that you can encounter, going outside, with strong gusts of wind, which are often accompanied by rain or even hail.
It gets dark earlier
Cloudy weather
On ponds and puddles you can observe thin ice, but it is very dangerous to become, and even more so to play on it, it is better to wait for winter
The onset of winter can also be characterized as an "Indian" summer. During this period, a heavy milky fog descends on the earth, which fills the air with dampness.
At the end of autumn, rainy weather is diluted with a slight snowfall, after which there is often ice.

This is a characteristic of inanimate nature, which can be observed in autumn, but changes in wildlife include:

Animals such as fox, squirrel and hare change their color
Many animals hibernate at the end of autumn
Birds fly to warmer climes
Insects also hide from cold weather, you will no longer meet butterflies and ladybugs, the whistle of grasshoppers cannot be heard, bees do not buzz and pollinate plants, mosquitoes and flies are also becoming less common
Leaf fall. This is the first sign that it's coming gold autumn. Castings turn yellow, and with a strong gust of wind, trees and shrubs are freed from them. All roads are covered with a beautiful golden carpet

Autumn is a wonderful time of the year that prepares nature and people for cold weather. frosty winter. This time gives us a break from the hot and stuffy summer days. But the first ones who begin to respond to climate change are plants. Berries and vegetables are fully ripe, and the trees are dressed in golden foliage.

Winter signs of winter in wildlife and inanimate nature: a list

In anticipation of the New Year, many children know that the luxurious season of the year has come - winter. Gifts, a holiday and Santa Claus with the Snow Maiden are not all indicators that winter has come. Of course, it comes a month earlier - on December 1st. This is a fabulous time when you can play snowballs and sculpt a Snowman, we see amazing drawings on the windows, and beautiful snowy weather outside.

In anticipation of the onset of winter, we are all waiting for a fairy tale, fulfillment of desires and magic. This is how we associate cold winter. But these are far from all the indicators by which one can determine the onset of such a wonderful period:

First, everyone dress warmly enough. A down jacket or a fur coat serves as outerwear, people put on warm gloves and hats, and even in "fierce" weather - huge scarves and thermal underwear. It is very important to dress as warmly as possible in such cold weather, because you can easily catch a cold and miss everything winter holiday
Snowfall is also the main characteristic winter period time
The winter sky is quite heavy and seems to hang right overhead. Moisture and frosty freshness soars in the air
Ice. Walking or driving in winter is very dangerous, for convenience, many people put on snowshoes, and cars “change shoes” into winter tires. After all, it is very easy to slip, and worse - to hurt your leg or arm.

If it blows strong wind and snow falls, it turns into a blizzard. Watching such weather from the window is very exciting, but if you get caught in a strong wind with snow, it’s quite unpleasant
As children, we all loved icicles very much. And this is another sign of winter. In other words, an icicle is a cone-shaped piece of people that can most often be found on the roofs of houses or trees.
Animals, birds and insects, unfortunately, can be found very rarely, because birds fly to warmer climes, animals hibernate, and insects hide from the severe frosts that are typical for winter
Days are much shorter than nights

Despite the cold temperatures and blizzards, winter is a wonderful time, many games can only be played thanks to the snow that only falls in winter. Skiing, sledding, snowboarding, playing snowballs or sculpting various figures from the snow - these are very exciting and developing activities that are possible only in winter. Therefore, winter holidays should not be spent sitting at a computer monitor, but it is better to have a great time free time with friends or family.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in winter: description of observations

Nature is everything that surrounds and is created by human hands. Conventionally, nature can be divided into living and non-living. The first group includes plants, animals, fungi, humans, microbes. But to inanimate nature: the sun, air, stars, soil, precipitation, etc.

In winter, summer, autumn and spring, all phenomena change smoothly, and this is how we can determine the seasons of the seasons. Winter is the coldest time of the year, but also the most beautiful. In winter, the season of fun snowball fights opens, children ride slides and sleds, sculpt snow woman, and most importantly, everyone is waiting for a fabulous New Year. Such time can be determined by the following features:

Snow is more common as precipitation. Snowflakes fall to the ground both independently and in flakes. And also only in winter you can see snowfall - this is heavy snowfall
Blizzard and blizzard
Ice. Of course, all kids love to skate, but this activity is quite dangerous, so you can play on ice only when accompanied by adults.
Icicles can be found on the roofs of houses and tree branches. Therefore, you need to be careful, and it is better not to walk under the houses, because if the temperature gets higher, the icicle can easily melt and fall.
Santa Claus decorates windows with beautiful patterns
All rivers and lakes are covered with a thick layer of ice, which is called freezing.

In wildlife, you can find such changes:

Many animals change color, such as the hare, squirrel and fox
Bears and hedgehogs hibernate
Bullfinches and tits arrive, which replace the main part of the birds
People dress in warm clothes

When the snow begins to melt, and the patterns from the windows disappear, the sun begins to heat up warmer, and the days become longer - then winter begins to gradually move into another season - spring. What other signs of the spring season are described in the next paragraph.

Spring signs of spring in wildlife and inanimate nature: a list

Spring is associated with new life, because during this period the earth wakes up from hibernation, nature begins to bloom, the first still completely green petals and bunches appear. This is the most beautiful time, the sun is clearer and the sky is clear, and freshness soars in the air.

It is very easy to understand exactly when spring begins, there is a large number of phenomena and processes that characterize such a season, for example:

The first green flowers appear
Animals wake up from hibernation
Bunnies, squirrels and chanterelles again change the color of their coats, so they disguise themselves as the environment. Many animals begin to shed
Buds appear, and from them - flowers
Hear the singing of birds that return from warm lands
Spring is the time for the birth of a new generation of animals
The birds are starting to nest

From inanimate nature:

The first is snowmelt.
The streams begin to murmur
There is practically no thunderstorm in winter, but in spring you can encounter such a phenomenon.
Ice drift - this phenomenon occurs because the ice begins to melt and moves smoothly along the rivers

If you follow what people are doing, you can also see changes. Spring is considered the time of cleaning, because after winter it is worth cleaning your house. Also, is being prepared to planting a garden, especially if a person lives in a rural area.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in spring: description of observations

After cold winter Everyone is looking forward to warm days. Literally from the very first days of spring, the sun's rays begin to warm up, and at the same time flowers appear, the grass turns green, trees spread bunches, birds begin to sing. In other words, the Earth comes to life again and wakes up.

The first sign is that the snow is melting. Icicles are melting and little by little beautiful patterns disappear from the windows.
The day is getting longer.
If in winter there are often leaden clouds, and the sky is gray and dull, then in spring the sky is already becoming lighter, the clouds disperse and the sky becomes clear and clear.
Plants also respond to the arrival of spring and demonstrate this by the appearance of green leaves, buds, spruce and alder open young cones. Gradually, flowers bloom, bees and other insects appear.

Spring is also associated with fluffy willow cats, they are carried to church on Palm Sunday. Also, one of the most important holidays spring is March 8th. This is International Women's Day, and flowers such as tulips are considered a symbol.
The birds fly home again, and you can hear it in the beautiful singing. Swallows begin to build nests and have offspring.
Animals change their warm outfit for a lighter one. At the same time, the color of the wool itself.
People also change their wardrobe, they hide fur coats, warm hats and boots until the next winter.

Vienna also, there are more exciting activities, for example, closer to May holidays, many go fishing, pick mushrooms, start frying kebabs and have a lot of outdoor recreation, enjoying the beautiful nature.

Summer signs of summer in animate and inanimate nature: a list

Of course, all children know when summer begins, because. after a hard school year, the long-awaited summer vacation. That is why summer is the most favorite time in a year. Many go to visit their grandmothers or to a resort with their parents. The sea, the beach and a lot of fun - every child expects. But this is not the only indicator that summer has come, there are also such changes in living and inanimate nature, for example:

Weather. The wind is dry, the temperature is high, so even the nights in summer are quite warm. But if the day is very hot, and the sky is clear as a tear, at one moment it may rain with a thunderstorm, after which you can often see a rainbow
Dew can be found on leaves and grass in the morning
The wind can be strong with variable gusts and frequent change directions

The hot days of summer are diluted by rainy weather, and summer rain is divided into several types:

Ordinary
Short-term. It is also called blind or mushroom, accompanied by sunny weather
Stormy. Starts suddenly. For very a short time a large amount of water falls out. Accompanied by wind and thunder
Gradient. Along with drops of water, particles of hail also fall out. They flow powerfully and quickly, which, as a result, negatively affects agriculture

Grass is bright green
Berries and fruits ripen in summer, flowers bloom
Already at the beginning of summer, you can pick mushrooms after rain

In summer, people dress lightly enough, wearing sunglasses and hats that protect them from the hot sun. In agriculture, summer is a very important period, agronomists and landowners work the soil, look after their garden, pick berries and preserve for the winter.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in summer: description of observations

According to the textbook "The World Around", children starting from the second grade can get acquainted with various anomalies and changes in the environment. All these changes smoothly change with the seasons of the year, so they are often called seasonal.

The main objects and phenomena that can be found in summer are:

Hot weather
Strong gusts of warm wind
Rains after which you can pick mushrooms
Thunder is a sound phenomenon that is often accompanied by lightning.
After the rain comes a rainbow
In the morning you can see the phenomenon of dew
Plants are dressed in green petals, they smell like flowers, and the fruits ripen
Birds chirping, bees buzzing and crickets chirping
The day is longer than the night, and you can watch the beautiful stars through the transparent and clear sky.

Each season of the year is unique and beautiful in its own way:

In autumn, all nature, plants, animals and people prepare for the cold. Trees turn yellow and shed their leaves, animals stock up for the winter, change color, and some prepare for hibernation. Birds fly away to warmer climes, and insects hide. People take out warm clothes and umbrellas, collect ripened fruits and wait for frosts.
Winter is the time for a snow-white fairy tale, and fun games in the snow. The entire surface of the earth is covered with a thick layer of snow and ice. Children and adults with the beginning of winter are looking forward to the New Year holidays.
In the spring the earth wakes up from winter sleep, everything around blooms, and soars in the air fresh fragrance. The birds return, the animals also change their coats and crawl out of their holes and continue their offspring. You can already meet insects, birds and midges. And people are slowly planting vegetable gardens and orchards and preparing for the hot summer.
Summer is my favorite time of the year. long-awaited holidays begin. Finally, you can enjoy warm days, soak up the sun and swim in the sea. Already at the beginning of summer, you can savor delicious berries and fruits. In summer, you can pick mushrooms, go to the forest for flowers and relax in the fresh air.

Video: Living and inanimate nature - objects and phenomena, educational for children

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Winter phenomena in nature

1. Dates and periods of winter

According to the calendar, winter begins on December 1. December is the first winter month. And in nature, winter comes every year at different times. The first frosts are not yet winter. Frosts are replaced by warmth, snow falls and melts several times. The sky is covered with heavy clouds. December thaws are traditional for our climate.

Winter in nature begins when the air temperature drops below 0 degrees - water bodies freeze, the earth is covered with a solid snow cover. At first glance, winter colors are modest: white is the color of snow, blue is the color of the sky, black is the color of trees. Everything seems boring and monotonous. Amid this monotony, it would seem difficult to notice the difference between the beginning, middle and end of winter. But if you carefully observe the changes in nature, you can distinguish three periods of winter.

The beginning of winter - the first winter (I period of winter) - is celebrated from the day when snow falls for a long time. differently in different years this time comes: at the earliest in early November, at the latest - in the second half of December. The sun in the first winter warms weakly. Even at noon it is low on the horizon. Its color is often crimson red. And it is rarely shown because of the clouds. Clouds creep low over the earth. The sky during the day is gray, dull, frowning. No wonder this period of winter is also called deaf winter. Snowfalls and frosts alternate with thaws. In the thaw, winter becomes like late autumn: damp, dirty, cloudy. Although it will get warmer, but not joyfully from such weather. The shortest day of the year is the last day of the wilderness - December 22, the day of the winter solstice. It is this day that astronomers observing the heavenly bodies consider the beginning of winter.

December 23 - the beginning of the radical winter - the II period of winter. Now every day it will dawn earlier, dusk later. The sun rises higher and higher above the horizon. Shines brighter. The pale blue, bright sky is filled with a frosty haze. A sparkling snow cover with silver snowdrifts blinds the eyes. Colored, yellow, green, red, blue sparks sparkle in the sun. Trees put on a beautiful outfit of fluffy frost. In the thaw, the snow no longer melts, but only becomes a little wet and sticky. Indigenous winter reigns until the beginning of February, before the song of the great tit.

Then comes the last stage - the turning point of winter. More and more blue tones at this time. In the parks, dense, clear, blue shadows fall from the trees on the snow, the snowdrifts glow with a bluish light. Blue sky every day. The clouds are no longer grayish, but float in white heaps. The sun rises higher and warms so that pits-hiddens form near the trees. The bright day has become much longer. On a sunny day, the snow on the roofs melts - drops begin. Flowing on each other and freezing in the still very cold air, droplets of melted snow form beautiful ice icicles. The snow is no longer shiny and white: it has faded, turned gray, and become loose. From above, the snow melted in the sun freezes overnight into an ice crust - crust. But winter is not over yet. Blizzards and blizzards show their strength. Only in mid-March, with the beginning of snowmelt, will the last stage of winter end.

2. Phenomena in inanimate nature

Winter is a harsh time, especially in the northern latitudes of our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Muddy November weather gives way to December frosts, fettering reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy snow blanket. The days are getting shorter and the nights are dragging on in anticipation of the first ray of sunshine.

The shortest day is around the winter solstice. It is December 21st on the night of the 22nd. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.

The clouds sink lower, becoming heavy, gray with overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with increasing intensity, the snow turns into a blizzard - the most formidable winter natural phenomenon. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He lifts the snow cover and carries it, dragging him along. In nature, a high and low snowstorm is distinguished depending on the redistribution of air masses. As a rule, strong snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the very peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

A frequent companion of winter weather is sleet. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of small streams, other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear. If there are severe long frosts in winter, they fetter the deepest reservoirs, which freeze through to very decent depths, and this is how freezing begins, paralyzing navigation. The ice will break only with a strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

Frosts are dangerous natural phenomena. They can be installed for a long time if a winter anticyclone dominates in the district. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare phenomenon. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage to agriculture and provoke an emergency, so everyone utility services in winter they are on alert.

It is from the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring begins, when the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer, and frosty patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed earth. Snow is a winter form of precipitation. It has its own crystalline structure, which is based on frozen microscopic drops of water. When a drop passes through the cold atmospheric layers of air and falls to the ground, it freezes and overgrows with its fellows, clinging to them, forming six-pointed snowflakes. This form is due to the physical laws of water freezing.

What is snow made of?

Each of the snowflakes rarely exceeds 5 mm in size, but the openwork weave of the faces can be the most diverse. It is still not clear why each snowflake is not similar to each other, why each of them has perfect symmetry. Today it has already been proven that all snowflakes have clear geometric lines that are combined in a hexagonal format, it is the hexagonal shape that the water molecule itself has, therefore, freezing in the clouds and turning into an ice crystal, water is formed according to this principle, capturing other molecules in a chain, located in close proximity.

3. Winter dormancy of plants

In mid-latitudes, where winter is accompanied by a significant decrease in temperature compared to summer, plants practically do not vegetate in winter, or grow very, very weakly, almost imperceptibly. It is generally accepted that plants enter a period of dormancy or hibernation, since the processes of their vital activity proceed poorly.

Snow is a poor conductor of heat; it covers the ground like a blanket; it protects overwintering plants from cooling.

Annuals have seeds in the ground. Winter plants under the snow remain green all winter.

In some plants (shepherd's purse, pansies), blooming until late autumn, leaves and buds are preserved under the snow, which will bloom in spring.

In perennial herbaceous plants, the ground parts die, and the bulbs, tubers, and rhizomes remaining in the ground are protected from the cold by snow.

Trees and shrubs, with the exception of conifers, stand bare. The life of these plants is hidden in the buds. They are protected from cold and moisture by dense scales. Feeding and sap flow in trees are temporarily stopped. The starch accumulated in their tissues is converted into fats and sugar, this increases the frost resistance of plants, protects the protein of their cells from clotting.

In the second half of winter, under the influence of ever-increasing exposure, many trees develop a pre-spring "tan": the brownish color of their bark acquires a reddish tint (in willow, birch, linden) or purple (in alder).

In the second period of winter, the rest of most trees and shrubs ends: on the branches brought into a warm room, leaves bloom in a few days. The buds of poplar, birch, hazel, bird cherry, and currant develop especially rapidly.

In the pre-spring period, trees have more high temperature than the air around them, so the snow at the trunks begins to melt.

Botanists divide the rest period into two categories: forced and deep. In some sources, the rest period is called natural and artificial. Forced or artificial rest is associated with the absence normal conditions for vegetation, but if you provide the plant with the missing conditions, it will come out of dormancy and wake up. The forced dormancy period can be explained by the example of plant seeds: collected seeds are usually stored until planting time in a dry room. This is a forced dormant state, since when the seeds are soaked or moisture enters them, the dormant state stops, the seeds begin to germinate normally.

The length of the dormant period is different types, and in varieties within the same plant species can vary significantly. This is explained genetic features plants and conditions external environment. Therefore, children of the same hibiscus, spaced along the southern and northern window sills, can fall into a state of rest and leave it in different time, however, the biochemical mechanisms underlying dormancy and germination, internal and external factors, are common to all plants.

winter snowflake nature

4. Difference of plants in the leafless state

When determining tree and shrub plants in a leafless state, attention should be paid to the morphological features of the structure of buds and shoots.

Kidneys are apical and lateral - or axillary. kidneys woody plants covered with scales, the shape and color of which depends on biological features of any tree species.

By origin, the buds are divided into leaf and flower, the latter are larger than leaf.

According to the structure of the kidney, naked and covered are distinguished. The exposed buds are devoid of outer integumentary scales and are usually formed by young, undeveloped leaves (for example, in brittle buckthorn).

Covered buds can be dressed with one (cap-shaped) or several scales. For example, willow buds are covered with one scale fused from two, poplar buds are covered with several scales. Maple buds are covered with an even number of scales arranged oppositely.

In woody plants with a two-row arrangement of buds (hornbeam, elm), the scales on the buds are also arranged in two rows. The bud may be directly above the leaf scar. Such a kidney is called sessile, in contrast to the petiolate, when petioles are located under the kidney (petiolate buds can be seen in currants, turf, alder, etc.). The buds are sometimes barely visible or not visible if hidden under a leaf cushion or leaf scar. They are called hidden (cinquefoil, etc.), in contrast to free buds, which are openly located on the shoot.

Depending on the morphological and biological characteristics of woody plants, the location of the buds on the shoot may be different. Opposite - the kidneys are located one opposite the other (maple, ash, lilac, viburnum). Another - the arrangement can be subdivided into spiral and two-row. Spiral - the buds meet around the entire stem and the line connecting them forms a spiral (aspen, oak, birch). Two-row - all the kidneys are located in the same plane in two rows (linden, hornbeam, elm). Serial buds are located in several pieces above the leaf scar. Collateral buds - several buds are located in a row under the leaf scar, one next to the other (representatives of the subfamily pink, plum).

After the leaf falls in the place where it was attached to the shoot, a leaf scar remains. Leaf scars are narrow and wide, depending on the size of the petiole base. Large leaf scars are characteristic of elder, ash, walnut.

The shape of the leaf scars also differ. For example, in maple it looks like a broken line; the Amur velvet is horseshoe-shaped, and the linden is round-elliptical. Sometimes leaf scars are difficult to distinguish, because they are hidden under the base of the petioles (raspberry, honeysuckle).

On the leaf scar, leaf traces are visible in the form of dots - the places through which the leaf vein passed. The number of leaf traces is a generic trait, i.e. all species of woody plants of a given genus have the same number of traces. For example, the genus Caragana is characterized by 1 trace; for maple and elm, three tracks; for oak - more than 3 traces, they are concentrated in three groups; for lilac and ash there are many traces that form a horseshoe-shaped line.

When determining woody plants by shoots, attention should be paid to the presence of glands, thorns, and thorns on the shoots. Spikes are outgrowths of the epidermis (lignified glands and hairs).

Thorns are found predominantly in different types of roses. The spines are a modification of the shoot, (thorns of hawthorn, sucker, sea buckthorn, pear); leaf metamorphosis are: barberry spines, which are simple, two-, three- and five-parted; stipules metamorphosis - yellow and white acacia). Warts on the stem are outgrowths of the epidermis (birch, euonymus). The outgrowths of the epidermis include aromatic glands in blackcurrant, they give it a peculiar smell, have a golden color and are concentrated on shoots near the buds and on the scales of the buds. Outgrowths of the epidermis are cork outgrowths (in such breeds as: European euonymus, winged, etc.).

References

1. S.A. Veretennikov. "Introduction of preschoolers to nature"; Moscow "Enlightenment", 1973.

2. L.A. Kamneva, A.K. Matveeva, L.M. Mantsev. "How to introduce preschoolers to nature"; Moscow "Enlightenment", 1983.

3. L.M. Mantseva, P.G. Samorukova "The world of nature and the child"; St. Petersburg "Childhood-press", 2000

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