Albino snail in what conditions to keep them. Achatina reticulata: a giant snail at home. Such indicators of snail growth are considered normal

There is no escape from the neighborhood with insects: millions of insects, beetles, butterflies, hymenoptera live on the planet. Some individuals painfully bite and sting a person, provoke negative reactions, and carry dangerous diseases.

Go to the address and read about the rules and methods of using ammonia to control cockroaches.

Mosquito

Tiny insects annoy households with unpleasant squeaks and painful attacks, even children know how a mosquito “sings”. For this reason, it is impossible to confuse the attack of a harmful creature with the attack of other pests.

With a tendency to allergies, multiple bites, swelling, redness increase, the itching does not subside, the state of health worsens, the temperature rises, and vasomotor rhinitis develops. With severe symptoms, you need to urgently take a pill against allergies, if the negative signs do not decrease, you will have to call an ambulance.

Fortunately, there are fewer problems after mosquito bites than with wasp or bee stings, but young children tolerate the attack of "aggressors" worse. When preparing for a hike, parents should put an antihistamine tablet, cream or gel for mosquito bites in a backpack. It is important to read the instructions: some repellents are allowed to be applied from a certain age.

How to treat a mosquito bite:

• gently wipe the red spot with an alcohol-containing composition, skin lotion or diluted ammonia (1 part product - 10 parts water);
• well relieves itching and swelling soda solution. Take a teaspoon of soda in a glass of warm boiled water, dissolve, moisten a cotton swab, apply to the bite site;
• pharmaceutical preparations reduce itching: Asterisk balm, Fenistil-gel, Vitaon remedy, Rescuer balm;
• with the development of the inflammatory process, you will need Advantan or Sinaflan ointment. Preparations are allowed to be used only after consultation with a dermatologist.

A few more tips:

• folk remedies relieve itching well: aloe or plantain juice, dandelion leaf, parsley gruel. You can wipe the problem area with a cut onion, apply a mint leaf or a wet cotton swab with a few drops of tea tree oil;
• sometimes mosquitoes bite on the delicate mucous membrane of the lips. In this case, it is important to apply a piece of ice, always in gauze or a clean handkerchief;
• if mosquitoes have bitten the eyelids, rinse the mucous membranes with cold boiled water, drip Albucid or Sulfacyl sodium;
• when allergic reactions occur, antihistamines are needed. The preparations are the same as for the bites of other insects. With severe swelling, shortness of breath, the development of Quincke's edema, the help of an ambulance team of doctors will be needed.

In the following video, useful information about the rules for first aid for insect bites, which will provide protection from an allergic reaction, dangerous swelling and redness:

Have you ever seen a bite on your body and wondered who bit you?

Or maybe you are sure that it is a mosquito bite, but after a couple of hours, strange symptoms appear that are difficult to attribute to such a bite.

The better you understand the insects that have chosen you as a "snack", the better you can navigate in terms of treatment.

Another reason why it's important to know which insect has bitten you is that some of them can transmit life-threatening infections.

1. Ticks

The most annoying part about a tick bite is that you most likely won't even feel the bite.

These cunning pests have a way to find their "food" unnoticed and suck blood from it for hours.

Their bites cause redness that extends several centimeters around the black or red dot.

If you are bitten, make sure you remove the entire tick immediately before it infects you with a life-threatening disease, such as encephalitis or Lyme disease.

1. mosquitoes

A mosquito bite looks like a red bump on the skin. Most likely, the swelling will be in the shape of a circle or drop.

The most important thing in this case is not to scratch it. Since the affected area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin will become even more irritated, and redness will increase.

A wasp sting is painful, but often they sting so quickly and fly away that you may not understand what happened.

Wasp stings are usually very itchy and cause redness and swelling.

The bite area will be slightly wider than that of a mosquito, and you will clearly see where the stinger has penetrated the skin.

1. bees

Honey bees lose their lives if they sting a person.

After the sting penetrates the skin, it remains inside. The problem is that along with the sting, the bees leave part of the stomach and digestive tract, so they die quickly.

Because of this, their bites are easy to recognize.

As part of first aid, remove the stinger immediately to prevent the venom from entering the bloodstream.

1. Hornets

You may not be able to tell the difference between a wasp and a hornet from the outside, but you will recognize it immediately after being bitten. Hornets are poisonous insects.

A hornet bite causes the area to become red and swollen. Sometimes the bite causes blisters.

If you experience other symptoms, such as blue skin or numbness, contact your doctor immediately.

1. Fleas

You may find their bites on your legs, as opposed to other areas of your body.

The reason why flea bites are easy to spot is that these pests bite multiple times.

Their bites are more itchy than a normal mosquito bite and will look like small red balls on the skin.

1. red ant

Most ants are not poisonous and the worst thing they can do is cause irritation. But if you see a red ant, remove it from your body immediately!

Ant saliva contains a toxin that can cause an allergic reaction in humans.

The bite area acquires a pinkish color, outwardly something like a flea bite. But the difference in the sensitivity of the bite, the ant will not go unnoticed.

Lice are usually found on the head, but they can also appear on other hairy parts of the body.

In addition to the unbearable itching they cause, their bites leave small red dots.

1. horsefly

Horseflies have a strong bite, so you will definitely notice it.

The bite leaves a large mark, around which swelling develops, which sometimes becomes blistered. This painful sting can cause dizziness and, in rare cases, infection.

If you are bitten by a horsefly, clean the area and apply an ice pack to calm it down.

1. Bed bugs

Bed bugs are a headache. If you have been bitten at home, then you have a difficult task to get rid of them.

Bed bug bites are often mistaken for mosquito bites, but are usually arranged in a zigzag pattern.

Other symptoms include redness and swelling.

1. Deer bloodsucker

Most flies cause damage only by their annoying buzzing around, but some can transmit diseases. These include the deer bloodsucker.

Their bite is very painful, so you will feel it. A red bump remains at the site of the bite.

Deer bloodsuckers can transmit a disease known as tularemia. If sores appear on the skin, the temperature rises to high values ​​\u200b\u200band a headache occurs, consult a doctor immediately.

1. brown recluse spider

Spiders aren't technically insects, but it's important to know some of them whose bites are most common.

The brown recluse spider is found in warm regions. They usually hide in the dark and do not want human contact. But if you stumble upon a spider, it may bite in defense.

A few hours after the bite, you will feel itchy, but if you scratch it, the situation will get worse.

The bite will turn into a red or purple bull's-eye ring.

You will likely need professional bite treatment if you develop blisters or a high fever. Headache or chills should also be taken as bad symptoms.

And what insect bites do you most often encounter?

A bite is a wound caused by the impact of teeth, proboscis, sting and other adaptations of animals, insects, snakes and humans. The consequences of bites are a significant public health problem. An insect bite can go unnoticed, or it can cause a severe allergic reaction or cause a dangerous disease. Animal bites, snake bites annually cause massive harm both by trauma and by a pathogenic, toxic effect on the human body. Knowing how to distinguish between different types of bites, how to protect yourself and loved ones from attack, and being able to provide first aid for bites is vital for everyone.

bites

The bites of various living creatures, from fleas to wolves and snakes, make up a significant part of the injuries and cause allergic, toxic reactions and deaths, depending on the type of creature that bit the person. Factors that increase the risk of a bite to health also include the creature's ability to carry various pathogens, its toxicity, the presence of pathogenic organisms on the teeth and body surfaces, the number and size of bites, as well as the size, health status of the injured person and the availability of urgent medical care.

Biting symptoms

Symptoms of bites are varied and depend on the creature that caused the harm, the number of bites and the degree of injury. Some bites can go unnoticed, some can significantly affect health and cause death.

Symptoms of bites also differ depending on the state of the body: the physiological age of a person, sensitivity to poison, the immune system, the presence of a history of contact with toxins, as well as (for animal bites) the ability to self-defense and the presence of vaccination against the most common infections.

Symptoms can be divided into local and systemic. Local include the level of tissue trauma at the site of the bite and the degree of response, limited by the localization of the wound. Systemic symptoms of bites depend on toxins, poisons, pathogenic microorganisms that have entered the body with saliva or in the process of contact with the aggressor.

Types of bites on the body can be varied, manifestations of aggression or a defensive reaction of various living beings depend on their body structure, size, type of wound, the presence of toxins or specific substances in saliva.

The bite site may look like a small and inconspicuous dot, or it may be a laceration with significant loss of flesh. Depending on the creature that bit and the degree of reaction of the victim, different types of bites require different therapy - from its complete absence to urgent resuscitation.

Prevention is the best defense against different types of bites. Repellent sprays, ultrasonic devices, avoidance of insects, stray dogs, snakes, tetanus vaccinations, and having a first aid kit available when hiking in the woods can greatly reduce injuries and reduce the effects of bites.

Insect bites

Insect bites, depending on their type, quantity and condition of the body of a particular person, may go unnoticed. However, in many cases, it is insect bites that lead to serious conditions, the development of various diseases, and even death. According to statistics, more people die every year from the stings of bees, wasps and hornets (poisonous hymenoptera) in Russia than from snake bites.

• Poisonous insects that bite when attempting aggression, crossing the boundaries of their territory.

An insect bite in this case is a protective reaction to external influences. When bitten, these species inject poison into the wound with a different type and strength of the damaging effect. This group includes ants, bees, wasps, hornets, etc.

Insect bites are quite unpredictable and variable in their effect on the human body. The consequences of a bite are a combination of traumatic injury, allergic and toxic reactions due to exposure to foreign components of insect saliva or poisons. Itching that accompanies the local reaction to the bite is often a provoking factor for scratching, which contributes to the addition of a secondary infection to the injured surface.

According to the frequency of local and systemic reactions, insects are divided into the following groups:

• allergic manifestations most often accompany the bites of wasps, bees, hornets, bumblebees;
• with toxic reactions, the body reacts to the bites of some varieties of ants, as well as poisonous spiders (karakuts, tarantulas), scorpions;
• localized changes in the skin and adjacent soft tissues appear with the bites of mosquitoes, fleas, lice, ticks, midges, flies, gadflies, and some types of beetles. Such changes include hyperemia, swelling, suppuration, tissue necrosis, hematomas, blisters, subcutaneous hemorrhages.

Combinations of all manifestations, as well as systemic infectious processes, can develop with the bite of any insect due to the characteristics of the immune response of a particular person.

In addition to the direct effect on the body, insects can also carry pathogens of various diseases. Mosquitoes are responsible for the spread of leishmaniasis, malaria, some types of fevers; ticks - carriers of pathogens of Lyme disease, encephalitis; flies - dysentery; fleas - tularemia, pseudotuberculosis, erysipeloid. In the foci of relapsing and typhus, this disease is spread by hair and body lice.

The most common symptoms of an insect bite are pain during and/or after the injury; the occurrence of edema, local redness, itchy sensation.

If at the time of the bite the insect could not be tracked, then the general nature of the local reaction may indicate a possible type of "culprit":

• slight swelling, swelling, redness, itching most often indicate mosquito bites, midges, bedbugs;
• significant swelling without discoloration of the skin, severe pain during and after the bite, a burning sensation accompany the bites of poisonous hymenoptera, wasps, bees, bumblebees, hornets;
• in the presence of redness without swelling, especially if the redness is ring-shaped with a visible bite mark in the middle, a bite of a borreliosis tick can be suspected.

Allergic reactions due to insect bites can occur both locally and cover the entire body. The most allergenic insects are wasps, bees, bumblebees, hornets, and are often provoked by multiple mosquito bites.

According to statistics, an episode of an allergic reaction of the body to an insect bite occurs in 4 out of 10 people. 6 people with an insect bite of the same species will suffer from allergy symptoms again, and it is quite possible that its manifestation is more severe.

The following types of insect allergy symptoms are distinguished:

• Rash on the skin.

Reddish spots or papules may be located directly next to the bite or be found throughout the body;

• Edema.

Localized swelling at the site of injury, on the affected limb, or generalized, breathtaking and choking edema;

• Anaphylaxis.

Often a similar reaction accompanies hornet bites. Anaphylactic shock occurs due to a sharp decrease in blood pressure, causing loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest, and heartbeat.

In total, there are about 3,000 species of mosquitoes on the planet, living mosquitoes since the Cretaceous period. At the moment, only Antarctica is free from the presence of mosquitoes, in Russia there are about a hundred species of these insects.

Females bite humans and animals, they need our blood for reproduction. The rest of the time, females feed in the same way as males - carbohydrate food: flower nectar. During the bite, the mosquito injects an anticoagulant substance that prevents blood from clotting in order to suck it out as efficiently as possible.

It is the anticoagulant in mosquito saliva that causes redness of the injured area, swelling, and itching.

However, the desire to scratch the reddish bump left after the bite is not the most unpleasant consequence of contact with a mosquito. And even a secondary bacterial infection, which children often bring into wounds by combing bite sites, also refers to mild consequences.

Kulicidosis - this is the name of an allergy to mosquito saliva, from the word Culicidae, meaning "mosquito". Different degrees of culicidosis characterize the reaction of the body and the immune system to specific substances in the saliva of the mosquito.

A mild form of culicidosis often occurs in childhood. A mosquito bite provokes the appearance of a papule, a swelling protruding above the skin. At different stages of the papule, it can be bright red or pinkish, and reach 10 cm.

Such a reaction is often confused with the bite of bees, wasps, horseflies, considering mosquitoes to be fairly harmless insects. However, a mild stage of mosquito allergy accompanied by significant itching. The papule, on average, takes about a day to disappear on its own, which does not exclude the need to use antihistamines to alleviate the condition.

Numerous bites of these insects also provoke a headache, an increase in body temperature, are accompanied by general poor health, a feeling of suffocation. This is also a clinical picture of the disease.

The middle and severe stages are accompanied by a rash similar to "urticaria", and outside the localization of the bite, very severe discomfort due to itching, swelling of the extremities, Quincke's edema. Infiltration at the site of the wound can persist for up to a month.

Neglecting allergic reactions to mosquito bites is dangerous. Severe culicidosis can be fatal due to swelling of the upper respiratory tract or anaphylactic shock.

In addition to the development of allergies, a mosquito bite can cause the development of other unpleasant diseases. Much less frequently than ticks, but still with a sufficient recorded frequency, mosquitoes carry the virus of encephalitis, hepatitis, West Nile fever and infect with myxomatosis, leishmaniasis.

Even if the human immune system works actively and protects it from allergies and infections, mosquito bites, especially numerous ones, weaken the body, forcing it to use reserves to protect itself from infectious agents and foreign substances. Therefore, when being outdoors in the warm season, especially near shady, humid places, it is necessary to take preventive measures: wear clothing that covers the body, use insect repellents.

By itself, a tick bite is quite unpleasant, but not particularly dangerous. Ticks cause local toxic reactions on the skin, and they need blood as food so much that they have evolved in a direction convenient for themselves: a tick bite is almost imperceptible, it releases painkillers when introduced into the body, and its entry and movement through the body is also difficult to track.

Ticks are dangerous because, migrating from one temporary host to another, they carry pathogens of serious diseases. Encephalitis, Lyme disease or borreliosis are the two most dangerous infections carried by ticks.

A tick bite can be identified by a characteristic reddish ring around the punctate wound. After detecting a tick or bite site, you should visit a doctor, if possible, you should also bring the tick with you for research.

In some cases, the victim will be recommended medicines that prevent the development of diseases. If a visit to a specialist after a tick is found is impossible, it is necessary to carefully monitor the well-being of the bitten person: the disease may not develop immediately, the incubation period is several days.

To prevent the development of diseases, everyone who plans to visit forests and forest parks during the period of tick activity is recommended to wear closed clothing and hats. Upon returning home, outerwear must be shaken from the outside several times and inspected.

Animals should also be examined for ticks and, especially dogs, vaccination against tick-borne diseases and bite protection measures (topical preparations, injections) are recommended.

Bed bug bites

Bedbugs are classified as "domestic insects", they prefer to exist in fairly warm conditions, while for life they need the blood of a person or warm-blooded animals.

Bed bugs live in linen, in the folds of upholstery, in the cracks between the fittings. Bedbug bites look like a mosquito bite, a slight swelling of pink or reddish color, accompanied in some cases by itching.

Bedbugs may not be noticed for a long time: they hunt mainly at night, bedbug bites are practically painless, and traces of their feeding are often attributed to mosquitoes, even in winter, since mosquitoes can successfully live and breed in warm, humid basements, rising to apartments through ventilation hatches.

Bedbug bites are distinguished from mosquito bites by their characteristic chain. As a rule, bedbug feeding marks line up in threes. There can be several such chains in one place.

The same method of differentiation is used in diagnosing differences between manifestations of contact or food allergies and bedbug bites.

Massive bedbug bites, in addition to discomfort, can cause poor sleep, neuroticism, anemia in children, and also cause allergic reactions in the form of headaches, fever, and poor health.

For the extermination of bedbugs, the best option is to contact the services of combating domestic insects.

The wasp is a poisonous insect, in its venom the concentration of toxins (neurotoxins, acetylcholine, histamine, etc.) is much higher than that of bees, and the wasp sting is marked by severe pain. About 2% of the population react to wasp stings with a severe allergic reaction, up to Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock.

Wasp stings are especially dangerous for young children, as well as for a group attack of insects. A wasp sting, unlike a bee that leaves its sting in the body of the victim, can be repeated many times. Therefore, first of all, having felt pain and burning and noticing a wasp, it is necessary to leave the location of the insect.

In addition to the allergic and toxic reactions, wasps are able to carry a variety of pathogens. Wasps are predatory insects that eat flies, caterpillars, other insects, and also feed on meat and fish waste and rotting flesh. In the process of such nutrition, various bacteria accumulate on the body and paws of the wasps, which, having got into the bite wound, can cause not only local reactions, but also intestinal infections. Therefore, wounds from a wasp sting should be washed and treated with antibacterial agents, and in no case should you try to “suck out” the poison.

bee sting

Despite the fact that many people use bee venom as a medicine, direct introduction of it into the human body by insects can lead to negative consequences even for those who used the poison for treatment.

A bee sting can cause both a local reaction and cause the development of a systemic insect allergic reaction. When a bee stings, you must first remove the sting left from the wound. It is important not to kill the biting insect, it will die on its own anyway. But the crushed body of a bee emits a specific smell that attracts other bees, which can lead to a mass attack on a person.

In what cases should a bee sting be a reason for urgent medical attention? Here are the most common factors leading to the need for medical intervention:

• if a bee has bitten a child;
• if the bites are multiple;
• if a person has already had a history of episodes of allergy to insect venom;
• if the state of health deteriorates sharply.

A bee sting in the area of ​​​​the tongue, throat, lips is dangerous. In such a situation, even if the bite is single, and the victim is an adult who is not prone to allergic reactions, it is better to consult a doctor or take an antihistamine and monitor the dynamics of well-being.

In nature, there are more than 2500 varieties of fleas. About 500 species live in Russia. Fortunately, a few subspecies can coexist with a person in the same room, unfortunately, fleas multiply rapidly, live in groups and can cause a lot of harm.

Flea bites are quite painful and, unlike, for example, a bug bite, do not go unnoticed.

Flea bites feel like superficial pricks. By themselves, fleas bring quite a lot of discomfort due to pain when biting through the skin, which irritates, interferes with sleep, and causes insomnia. With massive attacks of fleas, especially if a child suffers, anemia may develop. Secondary infection when the infection enters the wounds causes inflammation of the skin and soft tissues of bacterial etiology.

Typhus, or epidemiological typhus, is another dangerous disease that fleas can transmit from a reservoir host (rat) to a person. Filariform nematodes and some varieties of helminths are also carried by fleas from infected vertebrates.

Animal bites

Animal bites are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Their consequences are determined by the number of injuries inflicted, the size and presence of diseases in the animal, as well as the age, size of the body, the state of health of the victim and the availability of urgent medical care.

Animal bites are dangerous as traumatic, attacked mainly by predatory animals with the most capable of inflicting wounds on the structure of the mouth and teeth, and human infection. The bacterial composition of the saliva of the attacked animal, pathogenic organisms and pathogens of various diseases can cause significant harm and lead to the death of the victim, even in the case of minor damage to the skin during a bite.

Dog bites are the cause of annual injuries, the number of which is tens of millions on our planet. Frequent victims of dog attacks are young children. Due to the inability to self-defense and the small surface of the body, dog bites are especially dangerous for this age group.

According to statistics, about 4.5 million people in the United States suffer from dog attacks every year. A fifth turn to a doctor for help, about thirty thousand are in need of reconstructive surgery to restore the surface of the body. 18% develop infections of various etiologies due to a bite, and approximately 20 people die each year, despite the efforts of specialists.

A dog bite is a factor that leads to half the cases of all injuries in people whose profession or lifestyle involves frequent traveling.

Of the 55,000 people who die each year from rabies, half were infected by dog ​​bites.

A dog bite, if it led to damage to clothing and allowed contact of the skin surface with the saliva of the animal, despite the apparent absence of a wound, is a definite reason to visit a doctor and, if it is impossible to assess the condition of the animal by a specialist, to vaccinate against rabies and tetanus.

Cat bite

According to statistics, 13% of bites requiring medical attention are inflicted by cats. At the same time, the bite of a cat, despite the seemingly small cat teeth, can be quite deep.

The teeth of cats are sharp and narrow, which leads to closed wounds. This is a dangerously complicated process of disinfection of the wound surface, the penetration of bacteria and infectious agents deep into the tissues and the development of diseases in an enclosed space without air access.

Street cats, especially those behaving in unusual ways, can carry rabies. However, pets that have never gone beyond the balcony can bring a lot of trouble to the owners.

A cat bite can cause the development of tetanus, pasteurellosis, sepsis. The causative agents of certain diseases are found in 90% of domestic cats, but even if pathogenic bacteria that cause inflammation in wounds do not come from a pet, their penetration into injured tissues from the surface of human skin can also lead to the development of diseases.

The most common disease caused by cat bites is pasteurellosis. Its causative agent, the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, not only causes a septic infection, but also interacts with streptococci and staphylococci that are in the body or on the skin.

If a cat bite hit the hand - and this is the most common localization of this type of bites, then pasteurellosis can affect the tissues of muscles, tendons, joints, and spread throughout the body with the blood stream up to the heart.

For all deep cat bites, doctors recommend first washing the wound thoroughly for 5 minutes using soap or a soapy solution. Next, the wound should be treated with a solution of hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine and bandaged or applied with a gauze bandage. In no case should the damaged surface be sealed with a plaster, medical glue, covered with ointments, this provokes the development of pathogenic bacteria.

The next correct step is to visit the emergency room for wound treatment, vaccination against tetanus and, possibly, against. Cat bites often require antibiotic treatment.

The sooner you turn to specialists, the less likely it is to develop infectious complications. A cat bite is a common cause of loss of sensation in the fingers, immobility, long periods of treatment, and incomplete recovery from septic events.

Other types of bites

In fact, any living creature that has a body part that can break the skin can “bite” a person. Although some of these actions are not actually bites, you should be careful when interacting with animals, birds, insects, fish and marine arthropods - some of the listed species are poisonous, many others can bring various infections into the wound, even without being carriers of pathogens.

Thus, the bite of the moray eel, a conger eel, is dangerous because of its way of feeding: the moray eel is a scavenger, preferring to eat fermented flesh, due to which its inward-pointing teeth are covered with a large amount of bacteria. Although moray eels are not aggressive, they are protective of their habitats and are capable of leaving lacerations with rapidly developing inflammatory processes.

There are about 3,500 species of snakes in the world, about 500 are poisonous. In a year, 5 million people are bitten by snakes, 2.4 million suffer from the consequences of poison, up to 125 thousand die, about 400 thousand experience severe consequences, for example, amputation of a limb, paresis, paralysis.

In Russia, there are 11 species of poisonous snakes, of which 4: 3 varieties of vipers and muzzle are quite widespread.

Any snake bite leaves a characteristic mark of two points and is quite painful.

First aid for a snake bite

A snake bite requires emergency care. First, you need to quickly make sure that the attack does not happen again. If it is established that the snake is poisonous, one should try to remove the poison from the wound (it is better to use a syringe without a needle), treat the wound with an antiseptic, provide the injured person with the opportunity to take a horizontal position, give an antihistamine, drink plenty of water and deliver to the clinic for further treatment.

In no case should tourniquets be applied to the limbs, the poison spreads faster than the tourniquet is applied, and the cessation of blood flow accelerates the process of tissue necrosis at the site of the bite. Such a measure is justified only when bitten by a snake with nerve-paralytic venom, like a cobra, in Russia such species are not found. Also under the ban are wound incisions and the intake of alcoholic liquids.

Treatment for snake bites consists of administering an antidote to the venom and supportive care. Detoxification of the body by drinking plenty of fluids or intravenous fluids; painkillers, sedatives, and heart-stimulating drugs may be used.

First aid for bites from non-venomous snakes is to wash the wound and treat it with an antiseptic. Injuries inflicted by large individuals can be quite painful, so that first aid for bites can include local or systemic painkillers. Do not use ointments and patches that block the access of air to the surface, the best choice if necessary is a light gauze bandage.

Human bite is a fairly broad concept. Trauma to the joints and tissues of the hand against the teeth, inflammatory processes due to biting burrs and other types of wounds resulting from contact with teeth and saliva are classified as resulting from a human bite.

The structure of the human jaw is such that contact, intentional or accidental, with the teeth can leave significant wounds, penetrating or squeezing. A frequent case of injuries characterized as a “human bite” occurs in childhood, with conflicts between children, vigorous activity or curiosity of babies.

Injuries caused by human teeth, even if they are insignificant, should be treated with an antiseptic and observed by a specialist.

Treatment of bites

Treatment of bites depends on the type of bite, the type of aggressor, his state of health, as well as the physiological characteristics of the victim. Treatment of bites can include both treatment with an antiseptic or antihistamine, and require surgical intervention, therapy against the development of infections, intoxications, and resuscitation.

Itching from insect bites is a common consequence of a local reaction to foreign proteins in saliva. If a mosquito bite itches, immediately after the bite, you can press on the place with your fingernail, several times in different directions, this will disperse the saliva and reduce itching.

The drugs of first choice in case the bite itches, swelling, redness are observed, are local antihistamines, for example, Fenistil-gel. With a large number of bites or a pronounced reaction, medications are prescribed for oral administration: Fenistil, Zirtek, Suprastin, etc.

Allergy to bites in a child

Allergic reactions to bites in a child are quite common. An imperfect immune system often reacts even to mosquito bites with quite significant manifestations.

It is necessary to establish who caused the bites in the child, to ensure the possibility of drinking plenty of water, to give an antihistamine. In case of a pronounced reaction, it is necessary to visit the clinic, subsequently a consultation with a pediatrician and an allergist will be required.

If there are episodes of allergy to bites in a child, it is imperative to take preventive measures: avoid places of accumulation of allergenic insects, carry medicines for first aid in case of bites.

Most children outgrow the sting allergy, however, about 2% of adults suffer from allergic reactions throughout their lives.

The consequences of a bite may not appear at all, but may have a significant negative effect on the body of adults and children. In nature, there are more than one hundred thousand species of insects, as well as other living beings, which are often referred to as them (orders of arachnids, arthropods, etc.), which are capable of causing severe toxic, allergic reactions or carrying pathogens of dangerous diseases.

The consequences of bites from domestic and wild animals also vary from discomfort to death, depending on the degree of trauma, the effect on the body, and the possible entry of an infectious agent into the wound.

The bites of snakes of various species present on the territory of Russia can cause both local trauma and inflammation in the tissues, as well as severe toxic shock, leading to the death of a person.

The consequences of a bite are possible both immediately after the wound is applied, and in a remote period of time. Some diseases do not appear immediately, the incubation period can be up to several weeks.

To avoid the consequences of a bite, it is necessary to carefully monitor all possible damage to the skin surfaces, clean wounds if they occur, and seek medical attention. Preventive measures are the best way to avoid both bites and their possible complications.

Summer holidays are often overshadowed by the fight against insects. Even if they turn out to be ordinary mosquitoes, vacations no longer bring the pleasure that was in dreams. What can we say about the bites of bedbugs, wasps, bees, spiders and other representatives of the arthropod kingdom. Insect bites can appear on the human body not only in the wild (in the forest, on the river), but simply in the apartment. This is the biggest problem, because it is necessary to differentiate the state in order to know who to fight.

We determine which insect has bitten, according to the photo

The bites of representatives of the entomofauna differ from each other in the level of their danger, symptoms and signs, and the principles of first aid. How to determine who bit in the apartment or on the street, from the photo?

Spider

Those spiders that can be found at home, as a rule, do not pose a danger to a child and an adult. Their bite looks like a small area of ​​swelling with a dot in the center and redness around (looks like a red bump or wound). The body of some people may respond with individual hypersensitivity, which is manifested by an allergic reaction. This is a more serious condition, accompanied by edema, significant hyperemia.

A button spider (the second name is a black widow) is considered poisonous to humans. Already after a quarter of an hour may appear:

• strong pain;
• puffiness;
• difficulty breathing;
• nausea and vomiting;
• abdominal pain;
• excessive sweating;
• convulsions;
• fever.

Important! The condition is considered dangerous and requires immediate medical attention. In the absence of it, a fatal outcome is possible due to respiratory failure or damage to the heart muscle.

Bug

Bed bugs are the most common variant of "home" tenants who leave their "signs" on the human body at night. Immediately after a bed bug bite, there is no trace left. The next morning, red dots appear on the skin, accompanied by itching. The bite of these insects can be seen in the photo. Pain at the site of the bug bite and swelling are absent or mild.

It became known that bed bugs are capable of becoming carriers of the pathogens of Chagas disease. This disease is accompanied by:

• fever;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• pain and swelling at the site of the bug bite.

Flea

After a flea bite, small areas of redness and swelling appear, which turn into extensive hemorrhages on the skin if scratched. A flea can be recognized by its jumping ability. "Catching up" with this type of insect is not so easy. The photo shows massive flea bites.

Mite

You can find an insect on the skin in those areas where there are soft tissues. We are talking about the groin, armpits, neck, abdomen, area behind the ears. Around the body of the tick, which sticks out of the tissues of the human body, swelling and red spots may appear.

Important! Get rid of the insect and get emergency care should be in the nearest medical institution.

bees and wasps

Insect bites of these species are considered dangerous for a child and an adult, especially if there is a serious allergic reaction. Wasp and bee stings can be accompanied by severe pain, swelling, itching, burning. A red spot appears on the skin, a blister, a rash may appear.

A dangerous condition for the patient is an allergic reaction of a local or general type. In the photo you can see the symptoms of an allergy to a bee sting. The signs of a wasp sting are similar.

Lice

The child begins to itch, complain of pain and discomfort in the scalp. On examination, you can see scratching, inflammation, red small spots, located in groups. Nits are visible on the hair. These are lice eggs, which have a rounded shape and a white-yellow hue.

mosquitoes

Mosquitoes can also be the cause of the development of the disease due to the ability to serve as a carrier of the pathogen. If there is no allergy to an insect bite, a person may notice only slight redness in one or more areas of the skin of the body. Later, these mosquito bites cause severe itching.

Important! When combing, swelling occurs, bruises, hemorrhages may appear.

In some cases, a child or adult has an allergic reaction to mosquito bites. In this case, itching becomes painful, swelling spreads to large areas of the body. Local symptoms may be accompanied by general signs of allergy (difficulty breathing, swelling of the lips, tongue, eyelids), convulsions. Immediate assistance is needed.

Insect bite symptoms

An insect bite is usually accompanied by characteristic signs:

• pain in the bite area;
• edema;
• hyperemia;
• itching;
• tumor.

Pain is characteristic of the bites of those insects that are considered dangerous to the human body. Their list includes wasps and bees (due to the high likelihood of developing an allergic reaction), some spiders. Itching can be caused by mosquitoes, lice, fleas and bed bugs. The skin begins to itch so much that such a condition interferes even with a night's rest.

Puffiness appears after the bites of all insects to one degree or another. Against the background of allergies, it manifests itself more pronounced, in the absence of hypersensitivity of the body - weaker. Redness in the bite area is a common human reaction to a pathological process. It can appear in all cases, the difference is only in the severity of the symptom.

What to do after an insect bite

An insect bite requires first aid. As a rule, this concerns dangerous representatives of arthropods or the presence of allergies in the victim.

First aid for insect bites

Important! If bites regularly occur at home, then it is necessary to find and destroy the nest of insects. This is carried out by independent forces or with the help of a pest control service.

• Bee sting wounds should be anointed with peroxide, alcohol or a solution of potassium permanganate.
• When bitten by fleas, it is important to get rid of severe itching, otherwise you can comb the body to the blood - to relieve the symptom, you need to smear the wounds of a child and an adult with soapy water or a disinfectant, then apply a hormonal ointment with hydrocortisone or a drug with an antihistamine effect (Psilo-balm).
• Sulfuric ointment will help eliminate inflammation and dry the pathological area, and Advantan ointment is also good against the inflammatory process.
• The appearance of symptoms of intoxication with an insect bite requires the use of enterosorbents (Smecta, Enterosgel).
• After a bug bite, the body must be treated with a solution based on soap or soda, propolis tincture (it will help remove itching).
• Mosquito bites require treatment of the skin with a solution of ammonia in a diluted form.

On a note! Additional ways to eliminate severe itching after a bite of arthropods (fleas, bedbugs, lice) are potato gruel, onion juice, lotions based on soda solution, rubbing the bite area with toothpaste.

Treatment after an insect bite

After the victim has received the necessary assistance at home, it is advisable to bring the patient for a consultation with a doctor. Insect bites can be fraught with dangerous consequences and diseases, therefore, at the slightest suspicion of a deterioration in the condition, it is worth contacting a health facility.

To treat pathology, doctors will prescribe hormonal agents (creams and ointments). These drugs will remove not only the inflammatory process, but also pain, itching, burning, swelling and other signs of an allergic reaction.

Important! If the patient is tormented by severe itching, it is necessary to treat the bite area with Levomekol. The drug contains an antibiotic that will prevent infection from entering the body through scratching sites.

It is also necessary to use antihistamines:

• local action - Fenistil, Elokom, Advantan;
• tablets - Tavegil, Loratadin, Suprastin.

For reference! Homeopathic remedies are not effective for insect bites.

What to do if the insect bite is swollen and reddened

Most victims are interested in what to do if redness and swelling occur after an insect bite. This is usually the case with an inflammatory reaction and an allergic reaction. If the brightness of the signs progresses, you need to get qualified help.

Severe swelling and hyperemia after a bite require an appointment:

• drugs to combat an allergic reaction - antihistamine tablets, ointments and creams;
• hormonal agents;
• ointments based on antibacterial components.

Insect bite remedies

At the moment, people prefer to use not only traditional therapy, but also traditional medicine recipes.

Folk remedies

One of the popular remedies is a solution based on baking soda. For cooking, the following proportions are used: for 1 tsp. substance needs a glass of liquid. In the resulting solution, a bandage is moistened and applied to the affected area (allowed even under conditions if the insect remains unknown).

plantain leaves

This recipe is used during outdoor recreation. If a person saw that he was bitten by some kind of insect, you can pick and attach a leaf of a plant to the wound. Before use, the sheet should be washed and slightly crushed.

Infusion of succession

Folk analogue of anti-allergic drugs. Infusion of a medicinal plant should be taken orally to eliminate itching, swelling.

Pharmacy funds

After bites, several groups of drugs are used. The choice depends on:

• on the age of the patient;
• causes of the condition;
• the composition of the medicine;
• purpose of use;
• release forms.

Ointment for insect bites for itching

Nezulin is a cream-ointment that is effectively used for serious allergic reactions after bites. Contains herbal ingredients, essential oils and d-panthenol. The effect of the drug is manifested not only in the form of eliminating the symptoms of the pathology, but also soothing the skin (cooling effect), accelerating regeneration.

Elidel - eliminates the manifestations of a hypersensitivity reaction, does not have hormonal components in the composition. Apply in a course to the swollen bite site.

Fenistil is an antihistamine drug that effectively eliminates the dangerous signs of allergies. The doctor prescribes it both for the purpose of first aid, and for the treatment of a pathological condition.

Hormonal ointments

The representatives of the group are more serious "artillery", when compared with previous medicines.

1. Hydrocortisone - has a double effect: it removes swelling, burning and other symptoms of the pathology, which pass quickly enough, and also prevents the occurrence of anaphylactic shock (a dangerous condition that causes heart and respiratory failure and causes death).
2. Advantan - is available in the form of an ointment, emulsion and gel. Do not treat large areas of the body.

Important! Hormonal drugs have a lot of contraindications, so it is better to consult a doctor about the possibility of their use.

Insect bites in children

Children react to bites in different ways, which also depends on the individual reaction of the body. The wound may swell, edema, hyperemia appears. If nothing else worries, help is provided to the baby at home.

Important! A dangerous condition is considered if a spider bites, moreover, in nature. In such cases, it is better to keep an ampoule with a hormonal preparation for injection at the ready.

The child may not notice how the insect bit him, but for a quarter of an hour rashes appear, the tongue, eyelids and tongue may swell, it becomes difficult to breathe. All symptoms indicate the appearance of an allergy. The reason is the ingress of toxic substances into the blood of the baby and the presence of individual hypersensitivity.

Doctors emphasize that it is considered dangerous to take a child who has relatives with allergies to nature without stocks of antihistamines and hormonal drugs for emergency care.

Allergy to insect stings

It is manifested by hypertrophied symptoms of a local or general nature. Severe swelling may occur locally, the area of ​​​​the body where there is a wound looks swollen, red, enlarged. The general clinical picture is accompanied by:

• headache;
• dizziness;
• swelling of the throat and tongue;
• severe itching of the skin;
• convulsions;
• difficult breathing;
• myocardial insufficiency.

Therapy scheme:

• local hormonal creams, ointments;
• injection of glucocorticosteroids;
• antihistamines in tablets;
• infusion therapy (intravenous drip of saline, Ringer, etc.)

Important! Anaphylactic shock is the worst condition for a person who is prone to allergies. Assistance is provided immediately, treatment is continued in the hospital.

Prevention: Insect Bite Remedies

Taking precautions can reduce the risk of a problem by several times.

Insect bite repellents

Repellents are used for prevention. These are chemicals designed to repel arthropods. Long-term protection can provide:

• OFF SMOOTH & DRY;
• OFF Extreme;
• Mosquitoll Super asset protection;
• DEET Wokko;
• Ultrathon, etc.

Available in the form of oils, sprays, creams, aerosols. Regular use will discourage the desire to bite in most representatives of the entomofauna.

Other measures

Also preventive measures include:

• choice of clothes with long sleeves and trousers;
• avoiding outdoor recreation in the evening, when arthropods are most active;
• use of mosquito nets on windows and doors;
• avoiding the choice of bright and colorful clothing for relaxation;
• examination of pets for the presence of "living creatures";
• vaccination when traveling abroad.

Such preventive measures are suitable for children and adults, and also minimize the risk of problems.

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