The draft Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2035 states that the energy industry needs a structural transformation, one of the principles of which should be a change in the structure of investments. The share of spending on R&D and innovation, as well as the modernization of the industry, should increase, primarily to ensure the necessary level of competitiveness of domestic power equipment, along with the constant standard task of maintaining a reliable and uninterrupted power supply to all consumers.

Also, one of the three strategic tasks for the development of the energy sector is to ensure the technological independence and competitiveness of the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex (FEC). In other words, this is a long-term task of import substitution, which is inextricably linked with innovation. It turns out that from the point of view of the agreed draft strategy, innovations in the energy sector are really needed. The key question is what should they be.

Innovation is a fairly broad concept that can mean a completely different level and scale of proposed changes. Innovations in the energy sector do not always require many years of scientific research and multimillion-dollar investments. Often, very small and quickly implemented projects bring much more positive effect than long-term large-scale developments. In practice, many projects based on innovative technology that can really improve performance in any part of the energy business face a number of serious problems when trying to commercialize. Sometimes these problems are not related to the innovation itself, but to a number of other factors hindering its implementation. For example, such a factor may be the duration or complete lack of payback of the project, even if the innovation will objectively improve the performance of some part of the power system.

The Skolkovo Foundation has considerable experience in evaluating innovative projects, through whose expert commission hundreds of new projects regularly pass. According to representatives of the fund, the reasons for stopping the development of startups can be completely different. In addition to the technical component of the projects and the parameters of the device itself, system or set of measures, a high-quality presentation of the project and the ability to prove the possibility of effective application of innovation in modern energy are important. According to Skolkovo experts, a significant part of startups is not created for the purpose of making a profit, at least this goal is not dominant. Often the project is based on the desire to develop your idea and create something new, to bring your own development to its logical conclusion. At the same time, even in the case of a positive decision of the fund and financing, the project may not be developed.

The introduction of an innovative product takes place in several stages: development, commercialization and implementation of the product. At each of these stages, difficulties can arise, which can be very difficult for the initiator of a startup to cope with and support is required.

In order to develop and promote promising energy projects and improve innovative activities in the electric power industry in 2017, EuroSibEnergo JSC created an open area called the Innovations in the Electric Power Industry Club. The club includes the heads and experts of the Ministry of Energy of Russia, SO UES JSC, the Energy Producers Council association, the NP Market Council association, the Skolkovo Fund, MOEK PJSC, Gazprom Energoholding LLC, OK RUSAL, JSC EuroSibEnergo, as well as other representatives of enterprises related to the energy industry. Within the framework of the club, 5 working groups were formed to solve various problems related to the development of innovations.

When introducing innovations in capital-intensive industries, such as the electric power industry, the effectiveness of state support programs is of great importance. To achieve the goals set by the draft Strategy-2035, there is an obvious need to improve measures of state support for innovation. Particular attention should be paid to positive changes in state-supported lending programs, as well as the need to synchronize and consolidate the regulatory framework in the field of innovation. In the current conditions, state financing of projects provides for a return of funds within 5 years, which is obviously lower than the payback period for almost any innovative energy project.

It should be understood that government support does not mean and is not limited to funding. First of all, state support should be expressed in changing the regulatory framework in order to simplify the transition to the use of innovative products in the production and, at a minimum, remove restrictions on the development of the energy industry, which have become irrelevant in the current market model. An example of such restrictions is the current ban on combining competitive and natural monopoly activities (generation and grids).

When discussing innovation in the energy industry, it is necessary to address the issue of renewable energy sources and the dynamics of their development. The trend to reduce emissions and increase the share of green energy, supported by most developed countries, is a correct and positive method of energy development in terms of improving the environmental situation. However, any good approach must be correctly applied and adapted to the conditions in which it is implemented.

According to the results of the Competitive Capacity Selection conducted by System Operator of the Unified Energy System JSC in September last year, for 2021 the volume of excess capacity in the Unified Energy System will be 11.5 GW. Competitions for the selection of renewable energy projects were successfully held in June 2017 for the period 2018-2022, and as a result, an additional 2.2 GW of generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) will be built. Surplus capacity is at first glance a positive factor, since a large margin of generating capacity should increase system reliability. However, one should not forget that, according to the rules of the Russian electricity and capacity market, the capital costs for the construction of such facilities will eventually fall on the end consumer in the price of capacity. And in the construction of RES, the specific capital costs are very high - you have to pay for the environmental friendliness of production. The question arises: is it justified, in the presence of a significant excess of generation, to continue building renewable energy sources, significantly increasing the load on the end consumer? After all, other things being equal, the key indicator for the consumer is the price and the growth of the share of electricity and capacity in the structure of production costs (especially for energy-intensive production), which can become a significant constraint on the growth of the economy as a whole.

Speaking about the cost of capacity for the consumer, one can also note the fact that after the end of CSA contracts, the reduced margin of generating companies will, as a rule, not be enough to cover foreign service contracts for the repair and maintenance of generating units. This once again emphasizes the need to increase the level of import substitution and its direct connection with the development of an innovative environment in the energy system.

No less significant is the study of the world experience of introducing innovations. Using the example of 15 most promising solutions for the global energy sector, Anna Korotchenkova, Head of the Department of Scientific and Technical Activities at EuroSibEnergo, emphasized that an open approach to the implementation of innovations contributes to the effective implementation of complex innovative projects that require long-term R&D and large capital investments. “The research and development process should be an open system in which the company has the opportunity to attract new ideas and enter the market with a new product, not only thanks to internal resources, but also through mutually beneficial cooperation with other representatives of the innovation environment,” says Anna Korotchenkova, chairing the working group "Open Innovations".

In conclusion, it can be noted that in the current market conditions, the efficiency of the energy industry is inextricably linked with the development of innovative solutions. To gradually increase the share of import substitution, it is necessary to support and develop the innovative environment and existing promising projects both at the level of the state and infrastructure organizations, and on the part of market participants.

But at the same time, there is a demand for promising innovative research topics in the energy sector. The drivers here are national investment support programs, digitalization of the industry and growing external markets for distributed energy.

Non-scientific R&D

The first and obvious indicator of the innovativeness of any company is R&D spending. They should first of all reflect the need of companies for innovative solutions. But in fact, the share of these costs for Russian power engineers is not significant. Thus, Russian Grids annually spend about 1.0 billion rubles on the entire R&D program, RusHydro - 0.4 billion rubles, Inter RAO - 0.2 billion rubles, Gazprom Energoholding - 0.35 billion rubles

In practice, most of these funds (up to 80%) are applied in nature and go to the development of updated lines of currently used types of equipment and requirements for them. Energy companies order research from scientific and research and production teams to create equipment with specified functions or software according to a known technical assignment.

R&D of energy companies in the bulk is carried out on the basis of fundamentally researched scientific principles and proven technological processes. On the one hand, such research is unlikely to take technological development to a new level, but, on the other hand, it will seriously affect the equipment market, shaping the actual technical and competitive landscape of manufacturers.

So, for example, technological standards for smart electricity metering and the corresponding requirements of the main buyers of such systems - grid and distribution companies, can determine not only the preferred data transmission technologies (radio, PLC, 4 / 5G), but also the contours of the future market for the production of equipment with an annual volume RUB 40‑60 billion a decade ahead.

It is important that both the energy company and the developer of a promising solution can initiate a specific work. The customer, who is interested in launching a new device into commercial operation, determines the R&D budget and carries out the necessary procurement procedures.

Vertically Integrated Innovation

For companies such as Rosatom State Corporation, which is a complex of vertically integrated nuclear power enterprises, R&D costs reach 4.5% of revenue (about 40 billion rubles per year) and become a standard instrument for financing industry research and development included in the state corporation. institutions.

At the same time, Rosatom is largely seeking resources for innovative developments in the federal budget: for example, it claims 200 billion rubles. in the currently being developed national program "Development of nuclear science, engineering and technology". The funds should go primarily to the development of a new type of reactor - fast neutrons.

Rosatom's R&D expenditures, unlike other Russian energy companies, are comparable in absolute terms to those of foreign energy leaders. The French EDF spends 0.9% of its revenue on research, the Spanish Iberdrola - 0.8%, the Swedish Vattenfall - 0.5%, the Canadian HydroQuebec - 0.9%. It should be noted that many of these companies operate a widely diversified energy business, and most are controlled by national governments. This means that the costs of science and technology development go hand in hand with government priorities.

It should be noted that among the global leaders of innovation in the energy sector, there are practically no exclusively grid or, for example, generating companies. The bulk of the world's fuel and energy companies that invest heavily in R&D are either vertically integrated large structures or operate in sectors with export potential, such as, for example, oil and gas production.

National programs as an R&D engine

In the electric power industry today, companies operating in the field of renewable energy spend the most on applied science in the world. These are, for example, Canadian Canadian Solar, American First Solar, Chinese Guodian Technology, Danish Vestas, Spanish Siemens Gamesa and others. They are engaged in the construction and operation of solar or wind power plants that are in demand within the framework of national energy development programs.

There are ambitions to enter these lists among the domestic leaders of the WPP and SPP segments - Hevel, Solar Systems, NovaWind, which are still focused on the implementation of the first stage of the 5.5 GW renewable energy support program in Russia.

Serious investment in R&D may also be required as part of the TPP modernization plan approved by the Russian government. To improve the fuel efficiency of power plants, unique domestic production of high-capacity gas turbines and their components is needed. The task is indeed ambitious: for example, it took the Italian manufacturer Ansaldo 14 years (from 1991 to 2005) to gain technological independence from Siemens licensed gas turbines. Both Power Machines and Rostec claim this market, although in many respects they are guided by state subsidies.

Regulated Science

Thus, the financing of R&D in relation to technologies that are innovative for Russia - in renewable energy and the combined cycle, becomes possible thanks to regulatory decisions. The government launched mechanisms to support renewable energy and modernize thermal power plants, allowing the use of equipment produced only in Russia. The source for financing both construction and R&D will ultimately be additional consumer payments collected on the wholesale electricity market.

Without such incentives for investment, the power industry is forced to exist in severe tariff restrictions, without the resources and incentives for investment in development. In addition, most of their business processes are governed by an almost comprehensive range of industry requirements. These are standards for the equipment used, and safety requirements, design standards for facilities, requirements for the repair and maintenance of production assets, antitrust restrictions in working with consumers and suppliers, standards for mandatory information exchange with regulators and market infrastructure.

All these factors do not create a favorable environment for innovative development and investment in new technologies. Companies limit their costs to priority needs and capital investments to maintain equipment life.

State venture

It is not surprising that in the conditions of tariff regulation and strict control of the industry, innovations must be artificially stimulated at the level of legislation or special government orders.

In 2017, the President of Russia instructed the largest state corporations - Rostec, Roskosmos, Rosatom, the United Aircraft Corporation and the United Shipbuilding Corporation to create their own venture funds.

Of the energy companies on this list, so far only Rosatom has launched a fund for 3 billion rubles, but this tool is very important and the industry needs it. Venture investment allows the customer corporation, entering a small share in the capital of the developer of a promising product, to select and control the most important projects. The founding team, however, retains control of the project and remains interested in the commercial implementation of the technology.

So far, this market in Russia is quite small and amounts to about 20 billion rubles. per year, manifesting itself mainly in the areas of IT, transport and finance. It is obvious that state-owned companies can seriously change the balance of power here with even a small effort by creating a new infrastructure for searching and selecting projects.

If you catch up, then quickly

Despite all the barriers, there are promising areas for research in the energy sector. These are the already mentioned renewable energy technologies and high-capacity gas turbines, fuel cell technologies, and energy storage systems. It is important that these developments will also have export potential.

One of the more urgent needs of the industry for innovation is the digitalization of energy. Right now, power engineers need the development of domestic software for managing electrical networks and micro-energy systems, information security systems for critical infrastructure, data analysis technology and predictive analytics.

But for now, the development of innovations lives in the logic of a “catching up” model, which is not at all new for our country. And if we consider the directions separately, then the efforts made look very modest. Thus, the global market for electrochemical energy storage is doubling annually and will approach $8 billion in 2019. Domestic initiatives in this extremely promising and “hot” area are still reduced to road maps and a leisurely search for sites to host pilot projects. Although it is this market, which has a serious export potential, that looks the most attractive for research and launching innovative industries.

But no matter what kind of financing of innovations we are talking about - a government order, corporate purchases or attracting a venture investor, the developer of a promising solution can always initiate R&D. This means that the technological future of the Russian energy sector and its competitiveness on the world stage is in common hands - the state, energy companies controlled by it and proactive research teams.

Have you ever thought about how much electricity you consume per day? Or even an hour, just sitting at home at the computer? According to Google, to process 100 search queries, a corporation needs to spend as much energy as it takes to run a 60-watt light bulb for 28 minutes. The industrial sector, as well as society as a whole, is undergoing significant changes: under the influence of population growth and urbanization, the demand for electricity continues to grow at a very fast pace, and only more electrification will help to keep up with it - including the penetration of electricity into areas of the economy where previously technologies of a different kind dominated.

Photo: Unsplash

These dramatic changes are already forcing energy companies not only to generate enough electricity to meet the needs of consumers, but also to develop technological solutions that can meet the challenges of a future of interconnectedness and electrification. Of course, some of these challenges can be completely diverse and complex, specific to each market in which a large energy company operates, while other problems may be of a general nature and can be solved on a larger scale. Energy companies must work to deliver value to consumers who need it most, but it is also important to develop their own solutions or collaborate with start-ups that are at the forefront of technological innovation.

Innovations that can help address these trends can be divided into two categories:

1. responding to already existing challenges, whether it be drones inspecting the chimneys of power plants, or power distribution facilities, if we talk about the energy sector;
2. new products created with the aim of further development of the industry, for example, based on technologies (Internet of Things, IoT).

Startups can play a key role in each of these categories.

Internet of Energy

Speaking of our future, where electrification and interconnectedness will dominate, we cannot fail to mention IoT, which allows “smart” devices to interact with each other and exchange the necessary information, while creating a single network. Imagine, for example, that from a smartphone it will be possible not only to control household appliances, but also to track its energy consumption.

As residential and office buildings become smarter with IoT technology, energy consumption becomes smarter and network performance more reliable and balanced.

By enlisting the help of promising start-ups in this field, every energy company is able to use the significant amounts of data it receives every second more efficiently, including to support advanced energy services and solutions.

Renewable future

The renewable energy sector, however young it may be, will become a central innovation platform for creating new solutions. Today, one no longer has to convince anyone of the environmental and socio-economic benefits of renewable energy: renewable energy is developing even in countries with significant oil and gas reserves. The very idea of ​​RES is globally changing the electric power industry market, because now not only a large company, but also any person who has installed a solar panel on the roof of a house can be an energy supplier.

Photo: Unsplash

In combination with energy storage devices and an innovative V2G (vehicle-to-grid) system that allows you to charge an electric car and, if necessary, return the energy stored in the battery to the grid, renewable microgeneration facilities can create a self-sufficient energy chain, the elements of which can feed each other. Solutions aimed at increasing the spread of renewable energy and making the process of electricity generation more open to consumers who want to produce their own electricity are among the promising areas of work for start-ups.

For example, in 2016, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos and other leaders of the largest created a special fund for startups working on solving the problems of renewable energy development, in particular, on the problem of storage capacity. Investments in this fund amounted to a billion dollars. The fund is organized on the principle of "patient capital", that is, investors are ready for the fact that their investments will pay off no earlier than in 20 years.

The future of electric vehicles

Electric mobility also plays an important role, namely electric vehicles and the associated infrastructure, which open up numerous opportunities for start-ups in this area. Some of them are already working on launching their own models of unmanned electric vehicles. Our understanding of the challenges facing modern technology allows us, among other things, to find solutions to minimize car charging time, reduce battery weight, increase its power without additional charging.

Photo: Unsplash

One such solution, for example, is being developed by a Canadian startup working to reduce the cost of a lithium-ion battery through improved manufacturing processes. Since 2011, it has raised over $15 million in investments, including private equity, research grants, and IPO funds. We can already see the impact such technologies are having on the automotive industry, where more and more major manufacturers are working on launching their electric vehicles.

Energy is waiting for startups

Energy companies are now fully involved in the development of their approaches to the selection and implementation of innovative solutions offered by start-ups. So, in October 2017, we opened our innovation hub in Skolkovo to promote developments in the energy industry, as well as to interact with startups. We partnered with startup GeoScan to use artificial intelligence to pilot drones autonomously while inspecting power plant chimneys. This solution is interesting because it uses quadrocopters that perform inspection of chimneys at a height of up to 320 meters without the participation of industrial climbers.

Today, energy startups are going through what the IT industry went through in the 1980s: back then, the people involved in the development in this area could not know whether their solutions would become the basis of the digital transformation of the early 2000s. Global changes in the energy sector are inevitable and urgently needed, so each of us has a chance to contribute here and now.

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Energy innovation

In the 90s of the last century, funds were practically not allocated for the development of existing power capacities and new developments. Maybe at that time it was not particularly critical: with the fall in production, the level of energy consumption dropped significantly. Everything has changed in the new millennium. The developing industry requires the commissioning of more and more new capacities, energy consumption is growing, and the level of depreciation of many existing stations dictates the need for an early modernization. At the same time, it is possible to take as a basis the world's best examples of technological developments, to study and analyze foreign experience in the development of renewable fuel sources. And also start creating new technologies, which have no analogues in the world yet.

For example, the long overdue problem of the development of coal-fired generation. The coal-fired power units built in the Soviet era, it's time to modernize. A few years ago, a technology was proposed for transferring power units to work at supercritical steam parameters. Scientists are discussing the next step - work on super-supercritical steam parameters. But neither technology has yet been introduced into industrial production. Moreover, as such there is no answer to the question of how commercially attractive it is. So far, these issues have not been resolved due to the huge cost of R&D, which no company can “pull”. But time forces us to look more actively for ways to solve the problem of further development of coal-fired power units, the wear of which is becoming more and more. As a result, electric power companies are coming closer to understanding that such challenges must be dealt with jointly - after all, in this case, R&D costs will be divided among a wide number of companies, as well as the many risks that inevitably accompany any process of developing the latest technologies.

To date, the following types of innovative energy are known:

Installations for heating liquids - vortex heat generators(there are other names for these settings). The liquid is pumped by an electric pump through the structure of pipes connected in a certain way and heated up to 90 degrees. These heat generators have been used for space heating for a long time, but there is no generally accepted theory of the processes leading to heating of the liquid. There are designs in which they try to use air as a working fluid.

"Cold Nuclear Fusion". Attempts to extract nuclear energy without the use of ultrahigh temperatures have been made since the late 1980s. Recently, Italian engineers announced that they had succeeded in such an attempt, although they refuse to use the name cold nuclear fusion. But the bottom line is that in their catalyst, energy is obtained as a result of the fusion of the nuclei of chemical elements. The setup is ready for practical use.

Magneto-mechanical power amplifier. According to the authors of this invention, they manage to use the Earth's magnetic field to increase the speed of rotation of the shaft of a generator or an electric motor. This increases the amount of electricity received from the generator or reduces the energy consumption of the electric motor from the network. Such devices are at the stage of semi-industrial samples.

Induction heaters. Induction heating with electricity has been used in industry for a long time, but this process has been improved. Now the induction electric boiler gives more heat energy at the same cost of electricity. The proposed electric boiler, thanks to the improvement, will be at the level of gas boilers in terms of operating costs.

Engines without mass ejection. Laboratory samples of such engines, which do not consume fuel, are demonstrated in one of the space research institutes (NII of space systems). An experiment was conducted with such an engine on a satellite. The prospects for this direction are not yet clear.

Plasma power generators. Experiments with various designs have been conducted for a long time, mainly at the laboratory level.

Tense closed contours. According to the enthusiasts of this approach, there are such kinematic schemes, the implementation of which makes it possible to extract additional energy. The possibilities of such schemes in the design of mills for grinding waste polymeric materials were demonstrated. The energy consumption for grinding in these mills is less than in mills of traditional designs.

Power plants based on dynamic superconductivity. The developers of these potential power generators claim that at a certain speed of rotation of the disks, the effect of dynamic superconductivity of the current occurs, which makes it possible to generate powerful magnetic fields. And already these fields can be used to generate electricity. During the experiments, a large amount of information on unusual physical effects has been accumulated. It is possible not only to generate energy, but also to create an engine for vehicles. This direction looks like one of the most promising in the new energy sector.

Atmospheric power industry, combines various methods and projects for obtaining electrical energy accumulated in the atmosphere. The most obvious way is to capture the colossal lightning energy. This area of ​​new energy has considerable potential.

The above list of studies, directions and ready-made installations is not exhaustive. However, it allows us to conclude that society can start implementing large projects in innovative energy in order to create and develop fundamentally new energy generation technologies. Thanks to this, an important condition for breaking the impasse, both in the energy industry and in the entire economy, will be created. innovative energy autonomous reactor

In 2010, the Brazilian scientist Fernando Galembekk made a sensational statement about the possibility of obtaining atmospheric electricity. According to the developments of his group from the University of Campinas in São Paulo, tiny charges can be collected from moist air. As tests have shown, certain metals can be used to collect charges, which in the future opens up great opportunities for generating electricity in regions with a humid climate. It is believed that the improvement of this technology will give humanity another source of renewable energy.

E-Cat and cold fusion. Andrea Rossi's invention of the autonomous E-Cat reactor ushered in an era of energy revolution. The demonstration of the finished working installation gives reason to hope for the launch of mass production of devices.

At the end of October 2011, a group of Italian scientists led by Andrea Rossi presented and tested in Bologna a revolutionary autonomous reactor, a source of "free heat" - an "energy catalyst" (E-Cat). Its principle of operation is based on the use of nickel and hydrogen as fuel, in the process of interaction of which thermal energy is released and copper is formed. The operation of the device is based on low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR). The creators emphasize: the reactor provides the production of absolutely clean energy, the amount of which is not limited. Its production is possible on an industrial scale, and the installations themselves are planned to be leased.

Production of Rossi's generators is likely to start in the US. It is assumed that the price of a "home" E-Cat will be $400-500, which should not prevent the invention from paying off in just one year. Recharging generators and their maintenance will not be expensive. Unlike off-grid generators for industry, economical "home" units cannot be rebuilt for industrial use. The interest in the world to the work of the Italian scientist is growing more and more.

For a long time, the world economy did without innovation in the energy sector. Progress in the information sphere in the 1970s-2000s was combined with stagnation in the field of energy. The so-called "alternative sources" did not create a real replacement for the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Biofuels, wind and solar generators did not jeopardize the old energy.

New generators will allow businesses and people to autonomously receive cheap electricity. An integral part of the global economic crisis is the energy crisis, which is expressed in the rise in prices for key energy resources, oil and gas. A sharp reduction in the cost of electricity is one of the necessary conditions for overcoming the crisis and launching a new upsurge in the economy. And the sooner it is fulfilled, the sooner the further scientific, cultural, social, political and economic progress of mankind will proceed.

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Modern technologies in various industries and areas are constantly evolving through the introduction of creative innovations. The energy sector is no exception. energy innovation stimulate the development of business, automotive, oil and gas and other industries, as well as significantly improve the quality of life of the population. Innovations, or innovations, are the testing and use of technological or other novelties aimed at the qualitative development of life processes, industry, etc.

The most interesting and modern innovations

Energy plan innovations are being introduced by various countries in the most actively used industries, as well as borrowed from each other. Some of the most significant innovations include:

• Shock Wave Fracking Technology
• The latest oil production technologies
• Using bacteria to clean up oil spills
• Application of biofuel for cars

Speaking about the first innovation, it is worth noting that the shock wave is the most efficient way to dissipate energy. It can be successfully used at a depth of shale formations up to a thousand or one and a half thousand meters. An Indian company specializing in fracking technology research has proposed using shock wave as a simpler and more cost-effective fracturing technique than hydraulic fracturing. Such an energy innovation has the potential to significantly change the oil and gas industry, since it will completely eliminate the need to use water in these works. This will significantly reduce the level of water pollution, because hydraulic fracturing requires at least 4 million gallons per well.

The second interesting innovation in the energy sector is an improved way of extracting oil. The so-called enhanced oil recovery method involves tertiary treatment of the formations in order to extract as much product as possible. This technology is based on the use of carbon dioxide, which increases the flow rate of oil and reduces its viscosity.

Regarding the use of bacteria to clean up oil spills, this innovation is based on the use of two groups of bacteria - both of which have the ability to oxidize oil and thus reduce the size of the spill or prevent it in advance. At the moment, experts are studying the genus of bacteria Oleispira antartica to find out the ability to exist at low temperatures. This innovation will make it possible to develop an effective strategy to preserve the environment and prevent oil pollution.

And finally, another innovation is automotive biofuels derived from plant and animal cells. Biodiesel and ethane (the most popular biofuels) will help stabilize global market prices and reduce R&D costs.

Looking to the future: what innovations will be used

In addition to the above, energy innovation include other achievements, some of which are already widely used. For example, this is wind energy - the use of wind energy to operate various types of engines. Similar systems can be found in many foreign countries, and this technology also finds its application in our country.

Heat pumps should not be overlooked as they can rightfully be called the future of the energy sector. They will make it possible to significantly improve the environmental situation through the production of thermal energy, while significantly increasing the standard of living of the population, since heat supply is one of the key sectors of the energy sector. The principle of operation of heat pumps is based on the transformation of low-temperature renewable energy, it has been known for more than a century, but it is only now being actively used.

Thermal power modern installations - an innovation on an industrial scale

In 2004, the study of such an innovation as the use of liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) for thermal power plants started. The use of LPG instead of diesel fuel will improve environmental safety. In addition, this fuel has high consumer properties and lower cost in comparison with other types of fuel. Today, such an innovation has already passed numerous tests and distinguished itself by reliability and efficiency.

LED lamps - high and affordable quality

The latest energy novelty can be called LED lamps. They appeared on the market relatively recently, but have already managed to win a fairly wide share. Compared to fluorescent lamps and fixtures, LED options are more practical and economical, they have a long service life. Practical material allows to achieve cost reduction, which is very important for a wide consumer circle. A similar novelty is now continuing to gain popularity, especially the growth of office LED lamps and devices for lighting stores.

Advantages of modern osmotic power plants

The original innovation of the world of energy is the osmosis station, which is based on the use of sea salt water. Osmosis is a physical effect that occurs in tree trunks and is designed to carry nutrient juices to the area where photosynthesis takes place. Specialist scientists have proposed using a similar process to interact with water. If fresh and salt water are placed in one vessel with a partition, then the pressure difference will make the osmosis process work. A similar reaction can be used in the operation of hydroelectric power plants.

An interesting idea needs to be improved - in particular, while scientists cannot solve the issue of selecting the most suitable membranes for osmotic stations. If this can be done, then the novelty will firmly take its place in the field of hydropower and will allow a significant increase in energy production, steadily providing a constantly growing population around the world.

The reserves of such a process as osmosis can be called quite impressive. This innovation will help to easily use the energy of the deep ocean in human life, since the degree of salinity of water largely depends on temperature, and it changes with depth. In this regard, the technology will make it possible to avoid linking the construction of hydroelectric power stations to the mouths of rivers, they can be placed directly in the waters of the oceans. Therefore, today scientists are actively engaged in the development of this innovation for its speedy implementation.

From how actively implemented energy innovation and other sectors of human life, depends on the successful and full development of the conditions of existence, improving the quality of life and the ability to save on daily needs. It is for these reasons that specialists around the world study new developments every day and try them in practical conditions in order to find truly profitable and useful innovations.