Bester growth rate. Bester fish. The genetic characteristics of producers are important when crossing

How much does bester fish cost (average price per 1 kg.)?

Moscow and Moscow region

Bester fish is the result of the hard work of breeders to develop new noble commercial species fish. Bester is a hybrid of two species of fish belonging to the sturgeon family. Bester fish was obtained by crossing sterlet and beluga. Soviet scientists were the first to start breeding Bester fish in the middle of the last century.

It is worth noting that Bester fish significantly exceeds the main biological indicators of its "parents". Firstly, bester fish is characterized by faster growth and a shorter maturation period compared to beluga or sterlet. In addition, bester fish stands out for its more large size and better viability in a constantly changing environment.

As a rule, bester fish does not exceed two meters in length. The researchers recorded Weight Limit adult bester fish, which was equal to thirty kilograms. They eat not only fish meat, but also its caviar. Moreover, experts rightly believe that the taste, as well as consumer characteristics of bester fish are better than those of other representatives of sturgeon fish species.

Usually, bester is grown in the so-called cage and pool fish farms. The uniqueness of this species sturgeon fish is that it is the only species that has been successfully and continuously cultivated by man for half a century. At present, breeders know the range of the main breeds of Bester fish: Vnirovsky, Burtsevsky, and also Aksai.

It is these three breeds of bester that have shown themselves excellently throughout the entire period of fish breeding. It is noteworthy that one or another subspecies of bester fish can only be distinguished from another by a professional. According to their appearance, as well as taste and consumer characteristics, all subspecies of bester fish are similar to each other "like two drops of water."

The main difference between fish breeds can be considered the genetic fund of bester, in which the distinctive biological parameters of the beluga or sterlet may prevail. Special attention worth paying attention to chemical composition and the calorie content of bester fish. Like other sturgeon, bester boasts an excellent naturally balanced vitamin and mineral composition, and besides, it is relatively low level calorie content, which is 147 kcal per 100 grams of fish.

Like other sturgeon breeds, bester was able to take its rightful place in the global culinary tradition. Bester fish are subjected to various types culinary heat treatment. Professional chefs advise baking and smoking bester fish, which can become a real decoration of any festive feast.

Caloric content of bester fish 147 kcal

The energy value of bester fish (Proportion of proteins, fats, carbohydrates - bzhu).

"Bester. A hybrid (beluga sterlet), obtained in the 60s under artificial conditions at fish hatcheries; fast-growing, maturing even in the conditions of stagnant water of pond farms. The hybrid successfully combines fast growth beluga and early puberty sterlet. Bester females mature at the 6-8th year, males - at the 3-4th year. Predator. Underyearlings grow up to 50-100 g, two-year-olds - up to 800 g or more.
Among the chemical parameters of water quality for sturgeons, the most important are the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and the active reaction (pH) of water, as well as the concentration of organic and inorganic compounds. Oxygen in water bodies is formed due to photosynthesis of microalgae during the daytime, and at night all living organisms intensively absorb it. In pond farming and in pools where sturgeons are kept, artificial aeration of water is often used. Critical oxygen pressures for juveniles (4-34 g) of Russian and Siberian sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, beluga, bester at a temperature of 5 °C fluctuate within 20-25% of O2 saturation (2.56-3.2 mg/l), at at a temperature of 10 ° C - 28-33% (3.2-3.7 mg / l), At a temperature of 15 ° C - 37-46 (3.6-4.6 mg / l), at 20 ° C - 43 -50% (3.9-4.5 mg / l), at a temperature of 25 ° C - 48-57% (3.9-4, mg / l). Under conditions of oxygen deficiency, the survival rate of growth of sturgeon fry decreases. With a decrease in the percentage of oxygen saturation to 53-60%, the survival of embryos decreases by more than one third. A decrease in water saturation with oxygen to 40-60% reduces the growth rate of juveniles by 1.5-2 times. Even at 70% saturation of water with oxygen, there is a slight decrease in the growth rate of sturgeons. The content of oxygen dissolved in water depends on the temperature of the liquid. So, at a temperature of 1 ° C, the equilibrium concentrations of oxygen in water are 14.3 mg / l, at 5 ° C - 12.8; 10 ° С - 11.3; 15 ° С - 10.0; 20 °С - 9.0; 25 ° C - 8.2 and at 30 ° C - 7.4 mg / l. At a water temperature close to freezing, the level of oxygen saturation is twice as high as at 30 °C. Fresh water bodies in densely populated areas are often polluted with various organic substances.

Active reaction (pH) of water. Sturgeons tolerate wide fluctuations in pH, the most optimal for fish ponds is considered from neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7-8.5). Acidic water with a pH below 6 (contains, for example, many organic acids) can only be used to feed fish ponds after being neutralized with lime. Carbon dioxide in water bodies is formed primarily as a result of biochemical processes decomposition of organic matter, the vital activity of aquatic animals and plants, as well as microorganisms. Carbon dioxide accumulates when growing sturgeon with a high content organic matter in water, as well as when growing fish in conditions of high stocking density. In the summer when aquatic plants absorb carbon dioxide, there is very little or no carbon dioxide in water. In winter, especially under ice and in the absence of running water, carbon dioxide can dissolve into large quantities in the water, providing harmful effect on fish. For example, large fry sturgeon weighing 15-17 g tolerate an increase in the content of CQ2 in water up to 20 mg/l, and 8-10-gram fry of stellate sturgeon already grow more slowly, at a concentration of 33 mg/l not only do not grow, but also lose weight, feed consumption decreases . In sturgeon, the rations decreased from 25.6 to 13.9%, in stellate sturgeon - from 15 to 0% of the body weight of individuals.

Water hardness is expressed in degrees - one degree of hardness corresponds to 10 mg of calcium or 7.19 mg of magnesium in 1 liter of water. Desirable water hardness should not exceed 12-15 °, although some fish (carp, crucian carp, perch, roach, gudgeon) tolerate overall hardness about 100° Phosphorus has no direct effect on fish. AT clean sources contains P2O5 up to 0.5 mg/l, more than 2 mg/l - polluted water, more than 5 mg/l - very heavily polluted water. With high pollution of water bodies with phosphorus, blue-green algae intensively develop, which negatively affect fish with their secretions. After death in autumn, they settle to the bottom, rotting and oxygen absorption occur, which can also occur under ice in winter. The presence of phosphorus in water sources for fish hatcheries from rivers is permissible up to 0.5 mg / l, when received from reservoirs and lakes, up to 1-1.5 mg P2O5 per 1 liter of water. In most water bodies, with the exception of those replenished with runoff from fertilized fields, there is a deficiency of phosphorus due to the fact that its compounds are concentrated in the bottom layers and are bound by acidified iron salts, and with a lack of oxygen, they turn into an insoluble form. The amount of manganese for the normal development of algae is 0.001-0.21 mg/l.
Under conditions of accumulation of significant amounts of silt at the bottom of reservoirs and the creation of anaerobic conditions, methane can be released as a result of the decomposition of cellulose and hydrogen sulfide, a product of anaerobic decomposition of protein. Both of these free gases become poisonous to all aquatic animals at low oxygen levels. Iron deficiency limits the development of algae. A high concentration of iron (more than 1.5-2 mg/l) has the opposite effect - it inhibits the development of some algae, especially under conditions acid environment. With the influx of groundwater, iron oxide salts are usually brought into the reservoir, which, in the presence of oxygen, pass into an oxidized state. Usually, iron deficiency is rarely observed in ponds. The allowable amount of iron for summer fish ponds is 1.5-2 mg/l, and for wintering ponds no more than 1 mg/l. " internet source

Bester (according to the first syllables of the words beluga and sterlet) is a hybrid of two species of fish of the sturgeon family, obtained by artificially crossing a beluga with a sterlet. First received in 1952 in the USSR. Bester combines the rapid growth of the beluga and the early maturation of the sterlet. In aquaculture, hybrids of the first generation for 2 years of cultivation in cages and pools reach a mass of 1 kg or even more. Bester is an artificially obtained hybrid of fish of the sturgeon family.

It is difficult now to say why the attempt to fertilize beluga caviar with sterlet milk turned out to be one of the last in this series of experiments. It is possible that the fact that the vivo hybrids of beluga with sterlet are not found.

Bester is the best of the best

Sturgeon, sterlet, stellate sturgeon and the thorn that lives in the Caspian and Aral seas - all of them belong to the genus Acipenser. That's when it finally became clear why hybrids with sturgeon are invariably sterile. Something was already known about hybrids of other sturgeons.

The older individuals of this herd were already in their twelfth year. The fish weighed an average of one and a half kilograms. And the hybrid began to justify the meaning hidden in its name. The effect was truly extraordinary. Today bester is a valuable perspective object for breeding and rearing in inland waters on an industrial scale. Bester inherited best qualities original forms: increased vitality, the possibility of maturation in fresh water, a tendency to predatory nutrition and high palatability.

General characteristics of fish

One of the main factors affecting the health and growth of fish is feeding. Bester is also grown in fishing ponds. Bester does not reproduce on its own under artificial conditions, although this hybrid is capable of reproduction.

Due to the fact that fish producers are selective in fertilization, several males are used for this. Larvae that have switched to active feeding are transplanted into fry or rearing ponds. With intensive cultivation, bester is fed with minced meat prepared from weedy fish, waste from meat slaughterhouses, etc.

Overview of the sturgeon family

It was first obtained in 1952 by N.I.Nikolyukin. Bester is the only representative of sturgeons, the existence of which has been maintained in aquaculture for more than 40 years, with a reproduction of three generations. The production qualities of different breeds of bester are determined by the ratio of the shares of heredity of the beluga and sterlet in their genotypes.

Bester fish is the result of the hard work of breeders to develop new noble commercial fish species. Bester is a hybrid of two species of fish belonging to the sturgeon family. It is worth noting that Bester fish significantly exceeds the main biological indicators of its "parents". In addition, bester fish stand out for their larger size and better viability in a constantly changing environment.

The researchers recorded the maximum weight of an adult Bester fish, which was thirty kilograms. Usually, bester is grown in the so-called cage and pool fish farms. The uniqueness of this species of sturgeon lies in the fact that it is the only species that has been successfully and continuously cultivated by humans for half a century.

It is these three breeds of bester that have shown themselves excellently throughout the entire period of fish breeding. It is noteworthy that one or another subspecies of bester fish can only be distinguished from another by a professional. The main difference between fish breeds can be considered the genetic fund of bester, in which the distinctive biological parameters of the beluga or sterlet may prevail.

Bester fish is subjected to various types of culinary heat treatment. Professional chefs advise baking and smoking bester fish, which can become a real decoration of any festive feast. For the purchase of a stock of sturgeon weighing 1 gram or more, as well as the purchase of fish for stocking in ponds, please contact the numbers listed on the Contacts page.

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To obtain this hybrid, male sterlet and female beluga are crossed. This hybrid fish was bred in the USSR in 1952. Professor Nikolyukin was engaged in the work, and his student Burtsev continued it. Besters grow fast like beluga and ripen early like sterlets.

If besters are grown in ponds, then their weight can reach up to 2 kilograms, and in pools - up to 8 kilograms. That is, he wanted to get fish that would be valued like sturgeons, but sedentary life and did not go on a long journey to spawn.

He was one of the few whose thought went in a somewhat different direction. He expressed the idea of ​​breeding new forms of sturgeon fish that could inhabit reservoirs. Then it never occurred to anyone that this unplanned experiment (just a little caviar and milk left) would mark the beginning of a new direction in modern fish farming. For those times, the event in fish farming was exceptional, but after these bold experiments in the hybridization of sturgeons, there was a lull.

The first hybrids were placed in the ponds of the fisheries of the Saratov region. In 1952, the professor's wife, who worked with her husband, decided to fertilize beluga caviar with sterlet milk. Bester is a hybrid of beluga and sterlet. Like other sturgeon breeds, bester was able to take its rightful place in the global culinary tradition. As a rule, bester fish does not exceed two meters in length.

Bester(ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C1%E5%F1%F2%E5%F0) inherited predatory instincts, rapid growth and high nutritional qualities from the beluga, and the ability to early puberty from the sterlet.

Bester adapts well to different conditions cultivation (combining the properties of anadromous beluga with freshwater sterlet) in both fresh and brackish waters, it can be grown in ponds, cages and pools.

Bester was successfully tested in industrial fish farms and widely spread in the pond farms of the CIS countries. Bester females mature at the 6-8th, males - at the 3-4th year of life. Underyearlings grow up to 100-500 g of a two-year-old - up to 800 g or more.

In cage farms, usually reared juveniles of Bester are reared from ponds of sturgeon hatcheries, where they feed on natural food. It is difficult to accustom Bester's fry to artificial food, while there may be significant waste of malnourished individuals that have not switched to artificial food.

In conditions middle lane in cages, Bester reaches a weight of 0.8-1.0 kg at the age of three. The planting density of Bester in cages does not exceed 10-15 kg/m².

Here Additional Information about Besters:

Bester - fish for the pond

This fish is obtained as a result of artificial hybridization of beluga and sterlet. Bester fish is the most unpretentious of the sturgeon family, which can live even in small ponds and reservoirs.

With an abundant forage base, it grows beautifully and grows up to 8 kg in weight. By palatability this fish is not inferior to the sterlet.

Bester - habitat

Bester is the most unpretentious fish from the sturgeon family, therefore they live perfectly in ponds and reservoirs. They live very well in artificial ponds and reservoirs: if the volume allows, they grow up to 8-10 kg.

Bester - wintering

Bester winters well in artificial ponds and reservoirs, even in small ponds with aeration they feel great. Of all the sturgeons, bester is the most unpretentious fish that lives in homestead ponds and reservoirs.

Bester - feeding

Bester feeds well on large dry food. The only thing is that he eats only sinking food, since this is a bottom fish and takes food only from the bottom. Just like any other fish, it feeds on worms and molluscs. There are cases that it even eats from the hand, but only dry sinking food.

Perhaps, someday, for the sake of exoticism, I will try to put a few of the yearlings of Bester into one of the small ponds, having previously stocked it with some low-value fish, which it is not a pity to send into the mouth of the Besters.

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