Population density of the countries of the world table. The most populous country in the world

16.10.2019

10

Density: 635.19 people/km2
Square: 2040 km 2
Population: 1,295,789 people
Motto:"Star and Key indian ocean»
Form of government: Parliamentary republic
Capital: Port Louis

island nation in East Africa. Located in the southwestern Indian Ocean, about 900 km east of Madagascar. The republic includes the islands of Mauritius (the largest, 1865 km 2) and Rodrigues (104 km 2), which are part of the Mascarene archipelago, as well as the Cargados-Carahos archipelago, the Agalega Islands and many small islands. The capital is the city of Port Louis, located on the island of Mauritius.

The economy of Mauritius is based on sugar production (sugar cane is grown on about 90% of cultivated farmland), tourism and the textile industry, which makes it the third country in terms of living standards in Africa (after Libya and the Seychelles) and 7th in terms of GDP per capita (after Equatorial Guinea, Libya, Seychelles, Gabon, Botswana and Tunisia). AT recent times offshore and banking business is developing, as well as the extraction and processing of seafood and fish. In terms of competitiveness in Africa, it ranks 5th (after South Africa, Libya, Botswana and Gabon).

Mauritius has armed forces numbering about 20 thousand people, who are used to eliminate the consequences of natural disasters (typhoons), and represent a kind of analogue of the forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, there is a police force, police special forces and a maritime patrol service.

9

Density: 648 people/km2
Square: 35,980 km2
Population: 23,299,716 people
Form of government: mixed republic
Capital: Taipei

Partially recognized state in East Asia, which previously had a one-party system, wide diplomatic recognition and control over all of China, has now become a democratic state with limited diplomatic recognition and controls only Taiwan and the surrounding islands. She is one of the founders of the UN and was previously a member of the UN Security Council (in 1971, the seat of the Republic of China in the UN was transferred to China People's Republic). The Republic of China is recognized by 22 UN member states, but actually maintains relations with most countries of the world through its representations.

8

Density: 660 people/km2
Square: 439 km 2
Population: 277,821 people
Motto:"Pride and Industry"
Form of government: an independent state within the Commonwealth, led by Great Britain
Capital: Bridgetown

A state in the West Indies on the island of the same name in the Lesser Antilles group, in the east of the Caribbean Sea. It is located relatively close to the South American continent, 434.5 km northeast of Venezuela.

Barbados is one of the leading developing countries in terms of living standards and literacy of the population according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), being in fourth place. Education is based on the British model. It costs about 20% of the country's annual budget. The literacy rate is close to 100%.

Tourism is well developed in the country (suitable climate, developed transport infrastructure), sugar industry. Information Technology and financial services are new directions for economic development.

In Barbados, to a greater extent than in other islands of the West Indies, there is an influence of English culture. An excellent example of this is national view sports - cricket.

7

Density: 1154.7 people/km2
Square: 147,570 km2
Population: 168,957,745 people
Form of government: unitary republic
Capital: Dhaka

Bangladesh is an agro-industrial country with a dynamically developing economy. It is distinguished by significant ethno-cultural diversity and has a rich culture that has absorbed elements of various traditions of the region.

This is one of the poorest states in Asia. 63% of the working population is employed in agriculture. Humid tropical climate allows for agriculture all year round, although there are droughts in the west of the country. Residents grow rice, jute, tea (in the northeast), wheat, sugar cane, potatoes, tobacco, legumes, sunflowers, spices, fruits (including mangoes). The population periodically suffers from hunger due to floods that destroy rice crops. Also in the country they are engaged in cattle breeding (bulls and buffaloes), poultry, and fish and seafood are caught in the rivers and the Bay of Bengal (the main fishing port is Chittagong). Fish along with rice is the main element of the diet of the inhabitants of the country. The country is producing natural gas. The main industries are cotton, jute, clothing, tea, paper, cement, chemicals (fertilizers), sugar, textile engineering.

6

Square: 300 km 2
Population: 341,256 people
Density: 1,359 people/km2
Form of government: Presidential republic
Capital: Male

The Republic of Maldives belongs to the states of South Asia and is located on a group of atolls, consisting of 1192 coral islands, in the Indian Ocean to the south of India.

The islands do not rise much above the ocean level: the highest point of the archipelago is on the southern Addu (Siena) atoll - 2.4 m. Thanks to this, the Maldives is known as the lowest located state.

The total area is 90 thousand km², the land area is 298 km 2. The capital of Male - the only city and port of the archipelago - is located on the atoll of the same name.

As for tourism, it is worth noting that all the main beauties of the Maldives are located below sea level, but there are no special sights on land. There is a little remarkable capital Male, many similar friend on a friend of uninhabited islands, where they like to have picnics, as well as a kind of "action" - a fishing excursion. Perhaps the only notable surface excursion is the Photo Flight, a seaplane flight over the islands. Other popular excursions are a yacht cruise or a submarine dive. The most common pastime among tourists in the Maldives is diving. Coral reefs is near each island. In addition, windsurfing, catamaran, water skiing, snorkeling, beach volleyball, tennis, billiards, squash and darts are popular.

5

Density: 1432 people/km2
Square: 316 km 2
Population: 429,344 people
Motto:"Valor and perseverance"
Form of government: parliamentary republic, democracy
Capital: Valletta

The Republic of Malta is an island state in the Mediterranean Sea. The name comes from the ancient Phoenician malat ("harbour", "refuge").

In 1964, Malta gained independence from Great Britain, and since 1974 a republic has been proclaimed, but until 1979, when the last British naval base was liquidated in Malta, the British Queen was still considered the head of state.

The territory of Malta is represented by the Maltese archipelago, consisting mainly of the island of Malta and Gozo. It also includes the uninhabited islands of St. Paul and Filfla, the uninhabited island of Comino, and tiny Cominotto and Filfoletta. The length of Malta is 27 km, the width is 15 km (less than the diameter of the Moscow Ring Road). highway). Gozo is half the size, while Comino is only 2 km long. Malta is the only country in Europe without permanent rivers and natural lakes.

4

Density: 1626 people/km2
Square: 765 km 2
Population: 1,343,000 people
Form of government: dualistic monarchy
Capital: Manama

An island state on the archipelago of the same name in the Persian Gulf in Southwest Asia, the smallest Arab state. Bahrain occupies three relatively large and many small islands 16 km east of the coast Saudi Arabia and is connected to this country by a road bridge.

The kingdom hosts the main operating base of the US Fifth Fleet in Juffair, near Manama.

Prior to the discovery of oil fields in 1932, pearl fishing was a branch of the economy of Bahrain (which still remains one of the main ones). Oil production and refining used to account for 60% of GDP, now it is 30%. Bahraini "black gold" deposits are depleted. Despite this, in 2015 the country produced 18.462 million barrels of oil, which is 3.7% higher than in 2014. The country also produces and processes natural gas, whose reserves are significant. Developed offshore banking business.

3

Density: 1900 people/km2
Square: 0.44 km2
Population: 842 people
Form of government: absolute theocratic monarchy
Capital:

And, of course, the title of small state in the world belongs to the Vatican. The Vatican is a dwarf enclave state (the smallest officially recognized state in the world) inside the territory of Rome, associated with Italy. The status of the Vatican international law- auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the residence of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.

Diplomatic missions foreign countries accredited to the Holy See, not to the Vatican City State. Foreign embassies and representations accredited to the Holy See, in view of the small territory of the Vatican, are located in Rome (including the embassy of Italy, which is thus located in its own capital.

In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican (Latin ager vaticanus) was not inhabited, since in Ancient Rome this place was considered holy. Emperor Claudius held circus games at this place. In 326, after the advent of Christianity, a basilica of Constantine was erected over the supposed tomb of St. Peter, and since then this place has been inhabited.

The Vatican is a theocratic state ruled by the Holy See. The Sovereign of the Holy See, in whose hands the absolute legislative, executive and judicial powers are concentrated, is the Pope, who is elected by the cardinals for life imprisonment. After the death or abdication of the Pope and during the conclave until the enthronement of the new Pope, his duties (with significant restrictions) are performed by the Camerlengo.

The Vatican has a non-profit planned economy. Sources of income - primarily donations from Catholics around the world. Part of the funds is tourism (sale of postage stamps, Vatican euro coins, souvenirs, fees for visiting museums). Most of the workforce (museum attendants, gardeners, janitors, and so on) are Italian citizens.

The budget of the Vatican is 310 million US dollars.

The Vatican has its own bank, better known as the Institute of Religious Affairs.

2

Density: 7 437 people/km2
Square: 719.1 km 2
Population: 5,312,400 people
Motto:"Go Singapore"
Form of government: parliamentary republic
Capital:

Singapore is a city-state located on the islands of South-East Asia, separated from the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula by the narrow Strait of Johor. It borders on the Johor Sultanate, which is part of Malaysia, and on the Riau Islands, which is part of Indonesia.

The name Singapore comes from the Malay singa (lion), borrowed from the Sanskrit sinha (lion), and the Sanskrit pura (city).

The area of Singapore has been gradually increasing due to the land reclamation program in place since the 1960s. Currently, the state of Singapore consists of 63 islands. The largest of them are Singapore (main island), Ubin, Tekong Besar, Brani, Sentosa, Semakau and Sudong. Highest point- Bukit-Timah hill (163.3 m).

Singapore supports diplomatic relations with 186 countries of the world, although many of them do not have his embassies. It is a member of the UN, the British Commonwealth, ASEAN and the Non-Aligned Movement.

Singapore is characterized by a favorable investment climate, a highly competitive environment, leading positions in the ratings of economic freedom, a highly educated and disciplined population, and a greatly increased standard of living. But here, unfortunately, there is also dependence on imports for almost all food, water and energy.

1

Density: 18 679 people/km2
Square: 2.02 km2
Population: 30,508 people
Motto:"With God's help"
Form of government: dualistic constitutional monarchy
Capital:

A dwarf state associated with France, located in southern Europe on the coast of the Ligurian Sea near the French Cote d'Azur 20 km northeast of Nice; on land borders with France. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The Principality is widely known for its casinos in Monte Carlo and the Formula 1 Grand Prix of Monaco held here. The length of the coastline is 4.1 km, the length of land borders is 4.4 km. Over the past 20 years, the country's territory has increased by almost 40 hectares due to the drainage of marine areas.

The first people built their settlements on the territory of Monaco in the X century BC. e., they were the Phoenicians. Much later, the Greeks and Monoiki joined.

The history of modern Monaco begins in 1215 with the founding of a colony of the Republic of Genoa on the territory of the principality and the construction of a fortress.

According to 2014 data, the population of Monaco is 37,800 people, but it is worth noting that most of the full citizens of the state are Monegasques. They are exempt from taxes and have the right to settle in the area of the old city.

The economy of Monaco is developing mainly due to tourism, gambling, the construction of new residences, as well as through the media covering the life of the princely family.

Our state is the most large in area, but if you look at the map differently? Imagine: a map of the world in which greater place will occupy the most big countries.

Everyone knows that the population of India and China is numerous. But does the population density of the countries of the world differ from the ranking of the largest of them? At the same time, let's see what place it occupies in different ratings.

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Most populated regions

China. He has long and rightfully won the palm, lives here 1.384 billion people. This is more than 18% of the world's population.
The second largest is India, and there is a little less - 1.318 billion people. In shares, this is 17.5% of the number of people on Earth.
In third place, they entrenched with a huge backlog. 4.3% live here, and the population is approximately 325 million people- not even a quarter of the people of China are going to.
Next up is Indonesia. 261.6 million people make up 3.55% of the population.
Brazil, with 207.7 million people, rounds out the top five.
Next comes Pakistan, lives here 197.8 million people.
Nigeria is in seventh place with 188.5 million people.
Bangladesh is home to 162.8 million people.
Ninth place in this ranking is occupied by Russia, we live 146.4 million people. This is 1.95% of the inhabitants of the planet.
And Japan closes this ranking of countries with 126.7 million people.

Well here is a list that lists the most populated countries in the world. In it, the combined population of India and China is more than a third of the total population. the globe.

The most populous chinese city chongqing, more than 53,200,000 people live here. And this is more than lives, for example, in Ukraine or Saudi Arabia.
Shanghai, with its rural suburbs, is home to over 24,200,000 people.
The third in this list was the city of Karachi, a port in Pakistan - 23.5.
The capital of China, Beijing, occupies only the fourth line - 21.5.
This list includes another capital - Delhi, with a population of 16.3 million people. Actually, the capital of India is New Delhi, but this city is part of the Delhi metropolis.
The African city of Lagos is the largest port in Nigeria - 15.1.
In Istanbul - 13.8.
Tokyo - 13.7.
The fourth largest city in China, Guangzhou - 13.1.
Closes this list is another Indian city - Mumbai - 12.5 million people.

Moscow is not included in the TOP-10, it occupies 11th place in this list. Together, these cities are home to more than 200 million people, and each of them is comparable in number to some states.

Chongqing city

Density ranking

The population density of the countries of the world is also important indicator. But states can be compared not only by the number of people who live in it, but also by how densely they populate their territory. And here is a ranking that shows what place the largest countries in the world occupy in terms of density:

Monaco. In this city-state, whose area is 2.02 km2, 37731 people live. And there are 18679 people per 1 square kilometer. This is the largest population density in the world.
Singapore is in second place by a wide margin. The area of this city-state is 719 km2, and 5.3 million people live here, which gives a density 7389 people per km2. This is almost 2.5 times less than in Monaco.
Third place is occupied by another city-state, with the smallest territory in the world. The Vatican accommodated 842 people on its 0.44 km2. And their density is 1914 people per km2.
Bahrain is located here, on the territory of which more than 1.3 million people live and the density is 1753 people per km2.
The population density of Malta is 1432 people per km2.
Maldives, on these islands the population density is 1359 people per km2.
Another Asian state is Bangladesh, the density is 1154 people per km2.
Barbados, in this small state, the density is 663 people per km2.
Republic of China, do not confuse this country with China, is a small island nation which is often referred to as Taiwan, has a density of 648 people per km2.
And Mauritius closes the top ten - 635 people per km2.

First world countries

Many scientists divide states into several groups according to their level of development. And this division has already taken root in ordinary life. The countries of the first world are those that have a high scientific and economic potential, a developed economy, as well as high quality of life citizens.

They have a downward trend. Also, many studies suggest that their population is “aging”. This means that fewer children are being born, and life expectancy is increasing, and therefore they increasing proportion of older people.

If we talk about the largest states in this category, then they include the USA, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Canada. What place do they occupy in their own ranking, if we compare them with each other in terms of population?

Interesting! Of these, only the USA and Japan are in the TOP-10 largest in terms of numbers. Germany and the UK are in the top twenty, the rest are only among the fifty largest states by population.

And if the rest of the first world countries do not have a high place in the ranking in terms of the number of people living in the territory, then The US is markedly different., being in third place in the list of countries in terms of population. As we said, they are in third place. They achieved this position due to the fact that they have a large territory, and Mexico is located nearby, from where many migrants come.

Well, in general, the reputation of the United States as a territory of great opportunities has always made it attractive to various migrants. Therefore, the US is very polyethnic in composition. And in many large cities there are entire neighborhoods in which people from one region live, completely preserving their traditions, customs, culture, religion and language.

Number of Russia

We learned what place our country occupies in the list of the largest in terms of population. Russia, despite the downward trend in population, continues to be one of the largest on the world map. At the same time, the density of living is very low - only 8.56 people per 1 km2. According to this indicator, the Russian Federation is far beyond even the first hundred of the most densely populated territories. In comparison, for example, with Japan, our homeland is simply deserted, especially the regions in Siberia, the Far East and the Far North.

It is enough to imagine that the territory of Japan is approximately equal to the Amur region. At the same time, 126 million people live in it, and 809.8 thousand live in the Amur Region.

Interesting! Thus, Russia is characterized by an uneven distribution of living people, the main part lives in the central and southern parts, and all of Siberia and the Far East are practically uninhabited.

Residents are one of the main participants in social production. People work and produce, changing the environment, and also consume what they have produced. That's how the economy works. And in countries where the number of citizens is small or unevenly distributed, the economy will also develop unevenly. And that affects her. general level life.

But not always big. size is an advantage. For example, despite the fact that the population of India and China is very large, they cannot be called prosperous and prosperous.

Top 10 Largest Countries by Population

The largest countries in the world by population in 2017

Conclusion

The population density of the countries of the world does not coincide with the ranking of the most big states, you can be a small state, but very densely populated, such as Monaco.

Here are some interesting figures about the population of the world, we can give you. Such a study is very interesting, it allows you to compare and find out what place different regions of the planet occupy.

In geopolitics there is such a thing as "population density". It determines the demographic and economic potential of a country or a particular region. Of course, this indicator is considered conditional, and its value depends on the area of the analyzed territory.

Definition of the term

In geography, population density is determined by the number of people per unit area (1 square km). The more people live in a city, country, region, the greater this density.

At the same time, this is a purely statistical indicator, which depends on the area of the study area. Thus, the number of people per unit area throughout Russia is much less than in Moscow, and much more than in Siberia, although both of these indicators are taken into account when determining the national density.

And this applies not only to Russia, but to the entire area of the Earth. People are not evenly distributed on it. There are completely uninhabited regions, and there are places where the number of people exceeds 1000 per unit area.

Distribution of the population on the planet

According to statistics, the population density of the world is very uneven. In general, about 40 people per square kilometer live on the planet. At the same time, about 10% of the land is not inhabited at all.

90% of the inhabitants of the earth are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere and 80% - in the Eastern. Moreover, approximately 60% of all people on earth live in Asian countries.

Therefore, in the Southern and Western Hemispheres, the number of people will be lower than the average figure on the planet.

In the Northern regions of the Earth, the number of people is noticeably decreasing, and there are practically none in Antarctica, except for single research groups. At the same time, the coasts of the seas and large rivers are very densely populated, which was facilitated by various factors history and ecology.

Thus, we can safely say that the population on Earth has a heterogeneous character, which was influenced by a variety of factors. It is noteworthy that migration processes never stop. This gives the right to assert that the population density of countries is a very dynamic indicator.

Factors that affect the density of the world's population

Scientists argue that the nature of the population of certain territories depends on many factors. Some of them are subject to man, and some he must submit.

First of all, these are climatic conditions. The more favorable weather conditions for human life, the more people will settle in such a territory. Consequently, in tropical countries, places close to water bodies, people settle more often. This also explains why very cold regions are practically undeveloped by man.

Geographic conditions include proximity to fresh water. The larger the river, the larger the population on its banks. Man will not survive in the deserts, because he constantly needs water.

The highlands are also uninhabitable. In such places, there is little oxygen, without which it is also difficult for people to live normally.

Environmental factors determine areas where it is safest to live. For example, the zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is practically deserted, since its territory has a high radiation background.

Economic factors contribute to the fact that people flock to places where there is work, and therefore the opportunity to get more money for your work.

Population density indicators in Russia

The large territory of the country guarantees us that Russia's population density is very uneven. Its total figure is close to 9 people per square kilometer. But this is very general information.

Thus, the European part of the country is populated by 75%, although it makes up about 25% of the entire area of the country. Conversely, 25% of people live in 75% of the area of its Asian part.

AT big cities the number of people increases many times, while in the villages there are practically no people left. The closer to the south, the more Russians we will meet per unit area. The only exceptions will be desert regions that are poorly habitable.

The uneven distribution of people across Russia is explained by the presence of different climatic conditions over a large area of the state. It also happened historically that in some regions the resettlement took place more actively than in others. Even today, migration processes further exacerbate the situation with uneven settlement.

european part of Russia

The territory belonging to the European continent in Russia is no more than 25%. But it is here that most of its citizens are concentrated. Together with the Urals, this is 75% of all people living in the country.

This is due to the fact that there are large cultural and economic centers such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Veliky Novgorod. Thus, it turns out that here the average population density is almost 37 people per unit area.

In the European part of the country, the conditions for life are also more favorable. The climate here is mild. It contributes to the development of agriculture and industry. Like a chain reaction, such features attract more and more people to them. Cultural life and infrastructure are developing. Population density is growing like a snowball. This is especially evident in the dynamics of large cities, where thousands of new residents come every year.

Sparsely populated regions

Regrettably, but most of the territory of Russia has a very low population density. AT Russian Asia it averages 2.4 persons per square kilometer. This is significantly lower than in the entire country as a whole.

Here is also the most uninhabited area - Chukotka. Here, there are 0.07 people per unit area.

This is explained by the fact that the Far Eastern and Northern regions are practically unsuitable for life. At the same time, there are many minerals here. Around the places of their occurrence, modern people settle. Of the indigenous people, mainly nomadic peoples who have learned to live without agriculture in the usual sense of the word prevail here.

Desert regions are also not very attractive for human migration. Therefore, the population density of Russia is extremely uneven. Today, there are many federal programs that promote resettlement in sparsely populated regions.

One of the most crowded cities in the world

There is also a record city on the map of Russia. It has a very high population density even in comparison with other cities in the world. The top ten most densely populated settlements is closed by the capital - Moscow.

As of the beginning of 2015, the population density in this city was 4858 people per square kilometer. This is a very high population density. And every year it only grows. In addition, the statistics are based on the official registration of residents and people temporarily residing in the capital. But there is still a contingent of illegal migrants, not only from neighboring countries, but also from the hinterland of the country itself. Therefore, it can be argued that the real picture of overpopulation is much higher than the statistics give.

At the same time, the entire Moscow region is also very overpopulated. Together with Moscow, it is 320 people per unit area. This is almost five times more than across the country.

Ways of human settlement

To avoid overcrowding and develop uninhabited areas, there are several programs. The easiest way is to make the desert region attractive for migration. In this case, it is best to use labor migrants.

There have been many times in history when new cities very quickly acquired a high population density.

For this, highly qualified personnel were first attracted, who were offered high salaries and housing benefits. In parallel with this, the infrastructure developed, providing jobs for their relatives. In a few years, in previously deserted regions, a large population density formed.

An example of such a rapid settlement is the city of Pripyat near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In a few years, it was filled with people, although before that there were only forests and swamps, unsuitable for life.

Humanity is distributed earth's surface extremely uneven. In order to be able to compare the degree of population of different regions, an indicator such as population density is used. This concept connects a person and his environment into a single whole, is one of the key geographical terms.

Population density measures how many people live in each square kilometer of a territory. Depending on the specific conditions, the value can vary greatly.

The world average is about 50 people/km2. If we do not take into account the ice-covered Antarctica, then it will be approximately 56 people / km 2.

World population density

Humanity has long been more actively populating territories with favorable natural conditions. This is a flat relief, a warm and fairly humid climate, fertile soils, and the availability of sources of drinking water.

In addition to natural factors, the distribution of the population is influenced by the history of development and economic reasons. Territories inhabited by man earlier are usually denser than areas of new development. Where labor-intensive branches of agriculture or industry develop, the population density is greater. "Attract" people and developed deposits of oil, gas, other minerals, highways: railways and roads, navigable rivers, canals, coasts of non-freezing seas.

The actual population density of the countries of the world proves the influence of these conditions. The most populous are small states. The leader can be called Monaco with a density of 18680 people / km 2. Countries such as Singapore, Malta, Maldives, Barbados, Mauritius and San Marino (7605, 1430, 1360, 665, 635 and 515 people / km 2, respectively), in addition to a favorable climate, also have an exceptionally convenient transport and geographical position. This led to the flourishing of international trade and tourism in them. Bahrain stands apart (1720 people / km 2), developing due to oil production. And the Vatican, which is on the 3rd place in this rating, has a population density of 1913 people / km 2 not due to large numbers, but a small area, which is only 0.44 km 2.

Among major countries Bangladesh has been the leader in terms of density for a decade (about 1200 people / km 2). main reason- development of rice cultivation in this country. This is a very labor-intensive industry, so a lot of labor is required.

The most "spacious" territories

If we consider the density of the world's population by country, we can single out another pole - sparsely populated areas of the world. Such territories occupy more than ½ of the land area.

Rare is the population along the shores of the Arctic seas, including the subpolar islands (Iceland - a little over 3 people / km 2). The reason is the harsh climate.

The desert regions of North (Mauritania, Libya - a little more than 3 people / km 2) and South Africa (Namibia - 2.6, Botswana - less than 3.5 people / km 2) are poorly populated, Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia (in Mongolia - 2 people / km 2), Western and Central Australia. The main factor is poor hydration. With enough water, the population density immediately increases, as can be seen in the oases.

The sparsely populated areas are rain forests in South America (Suriname, Guyana - 3 and 3.6 people / km 2, respectively).

And Canada, with its Arctic archipelago and northern forests, has become the most sparsely populated among the giant countries.

Not at all permanent residents on the whole continent - Antarctica.

Regional differences

The average population density of the countries of the world does not give a complete picture of the distribution of people. Within countries there can be significant differences in the degree of development. A textbook example is Egypt. The average density in the country is 87 people / km 2, but 99% of the inhabitants are concentrated on 5.5% of the territory in the valley and delta of the Nile. In desert areas, each person has several square kilometers of area.

In the southeast of Canada, the density can be above 100 people/km 2, and in the province of Nunavut - less than 1 person/km 2.

By order of magnitude more difference in Brazil between the industrial southeast and the hinterland of the Amazon.

In highly developed Germany there is a cluster of population in the form of the Ruhr-Rhine region, in which the density is more than 1000 people / km 2, and the average for the country is 236 people / km 2. This pattern is seen in most major states, where the natural and economic conditions in different parts are different.

How are things in Russia?

Considering the density of the world's population by country, one cannot ignore Russia. We have a very large contrast in the placement of people. The average density is about 8.5 people / km 2. This is 181 places in the world. 80% of the country's inhabitants are concentrated in the so-called Main Settlement Zone (south of the Arkhangelsk-Khabarovsk line) with a density of 50 people/km2. The strip occupies less than 20% of the territory.

The European and Asian parts of Russia differ sharply from each other. The northern archipelagos are almost uninhabited. You can also name the vast expanses of the taiga, where hundreds of kilometers can be from one dwelling to another.

Urban agglomerations

Usually in rural areas the density is not that high. But big cities and agglomerations are places of extremely high population concentration. This is due to the high-rise buildings, and the huge number of enterprises and jobs.

The population density of the world's cities also varies. Tops the list of the "closest" agglomerations of Mumbai (more than 20 thousand people per sq. km). In second place is Tokyo with 4,400 people/km 2 , and in third place are Shanghai and Jakarta, yielding only slightly. The most populous cities also include Karachi, Istanbul, Manila, Dhaka, Delhi, Buenos Aires. Moscow is on the same list with 8,000 people/km2.

You can clearly imagine the population density of the countries of the world not only with the help of maps, but also with night photographs of the Earth from space. The underdeveloped territories on them will remain dark. And the brighter the area on the earth's surface is illuminated, the denser it is populated.

Monaco, a tiny state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer. By the way, the area of Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about the countries with the smallest population density? Well, such statistics are also available, but the figures may vary slightly due to the constant change in the number of inhabitants. However, the countries below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!

Just don't say you've never heard of such a country! A small state is located on the northeast coast South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. The area of Guyana is commensurate with the area of Belarus, while 90% of the people live in coastal areas. Almost half of the population of Guyana are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

A state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% the territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but the population there is 22 times less than in this country. The Tswana people live in Botswana for the most part, and other African peoples are represented in small groups, most of which are Christians.

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is low. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and towns are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. Most of the population are Arabs, in some places there are Berbers and Tuareg, there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese.

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

State in the north Atlantic Ocean is completely located on a fairly large island of the same name, on which the majority live Icelanders, descendants of the Vikings who speak Icelandic, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people leave to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, the majority returns for permanent residence in their beautiful country.

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and borders on Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is about the same as in Iceland, but the country's territory is 10 times larger, and the people also live here 10 times more - about 3.2 million people, among whom there are most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks who speak African languages.

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America.

A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480,000 people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented mostly by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages of the world are spoken!

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of the Australian population lives in 5 major cities on the mainland, located on the coast. Once, until the 18th century, this mainland was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even externally, not to mention culture and language. After moving to a distant "island" of immigrants from Europe, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, the number of inhabitants on the mainland began to grow very rapidly. However, it is unlikely that the deserts scorching with heat, which occupy a decent part of the mainland, will ever be mastered by man, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is happening now.

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

In the Republic of Namibia in southwest Africa more than 2 million people live, but due to the huge problem of HIV / AIDS, the exact data is constantly fluctuating.

Most of the population of Namibia is the people of the Bantu family and a few thousand mestizos who live mainly in the community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are whites - the descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, most of them speak Afrikaans.

Mongolia, 2 persons/sq.km

On the this moment Mongolia is the country with the lowest population density in the world. The area of Mongolia is large, but only a little over 3 million people live in the desert territories (although at the moment there is a slight increase in population). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs are represented to a small extent, as well as Chinese and Russians. It is believed that more than 9 million Mongols live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia.

the degree of population, the density of the population of the area. Expressed as the number of permanent residents per unit total area(usually per 1 km2) of the territory. When calculating P. n. sometimes uninhabited territory is excluded, as well as large inland waters. Density indicators are used separately for rural and urban population. P. n. varies greatly across continents, countries and parts of the country, depending on the nature of the settlement of people, the density and size of settlements. In large cities and urban areas, it is usually much higher than in rural areas. Therefore, P. n. of any area is the average of the population levels of individual parts of this area, weighted by the size of their territory.

Being one of the conditions for the reproduction of the population, P. n. has some effect on its growth rate. However, P. n. does not determine the growth of the population and, moreover, the development of society. Increase and uneven increase of P. n. in separate parts of a country it is the result of the development of productive forces and the concentration of production. Marxism denies the views according to which P. n. characterizes absolute overpopulation.

In 1973, the average P. n. inhabited continents was 28 people. per 1 km2, including Australia and Oceania ≈ 2, America ≈ 13 (North America ≈ 14, Latin America ≈ 12), Africa ≈ 12, Asia ≈ 51, Europe ≈ 63, USSR ≈ 11, and in the European part ≈ 34, in the Asian part ≈ about 4 people. per 1 km2.

The uneven distribution of the world's population

The world population has already exceeded 6.6 billion people. All these people live in 15-20 million different settlements - cities, towns, villages, villages, farms, etc. But these settlements are located extremely unevenly across the earth's land. So, according to available estimates, half of all mankind lives on 1/20 of the inhabited land area.

Rice. 46. Cultural regions of the world (from the American textbook "Geography of the World")

The uneven distribution of the population on the globe is explained by four main reasons.

The first reason is influence natural factor. It is clear that vast areas with extreme natural conditions (deserts, ice spaces, tundra, high mountains, rainforests) do not create favorable conditions for human life. This can be illustrated by the example of table 60, which shows well both general patterns and differences between individual regions.

The main general pattern is that 80% of all people live in lowlands and uplands up to 500 m high, which occupy only 28% of the earth's land, including in Europe, Australia and Oceania, more than 90% of the total population live in such areas, in Asia and North America- 80% or so. But, on the other hand, in Africa and South America, 43-44% of people live in territories exceeding 500 m in height. A similar unevenness is also characteristic of individual countries: the lowest include, for example, the Netherlands, Poland, France, Japan , India, China, USA, and to the most "sublime" - Bolivia, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Mexico, Iran, Peru. At the same time, most of the population is concentrated in the subequatorial and subtropical climatic zones of the Earth.

The second reason is the effect historical features settlement of the earth's land. After all, the distribution of the population on the territory of the Earth has evolved throughout the history of mankind. The process of formation of modern humans, which began 40–30 thousand years ago, took place in Southwest Asia, Northeast Africa and Southern Europe. From here, people then spread throughout the Old World. Between the thirtieth and tenth millennia BC, they settled North and South America, and at the end of this period, Australia. Naturally, the time of settlement to some extent could not but affect the population.

The third reason is the differences in modern demographic situation. It is clear that the number and density of the population increase most rapidly in those countries and regions where its natural increase is the highest.

Table 60

DISTRIBUTION OF THE EARTH POPULATION BY ALTITUDE ZONES

Bangladesh is a prime example of this. This country with a small area and very high natural population growth already has a population density of 970 people per 1 km2. If the current level of birth rate and growth here continue, then, according to calculations, in 2025 the population density of the country will exceed 2000 people per 1 km 2!

The fourth reason is the impact socio-economic conditions people's lives, their economic activity, the level of development of production. One of its manifestations can be the “attraction” of the population to the coasts of the seas and oceans, more precisely, to the “land-ocean” contact zone.

The area located at a distance of up to 50 km from the sea can be called zone of direct coastal settlement. It is home to 29% of all people, including 40% of all urban dwellers in the world. This share is especially high in Australia and Oceania (about 80%). This is followed by North America, South America and Europe (30-35%), Asia (27%) and Africa (22%). The zone separated from the sea by 50-200 km can be considered as indirectly connected with the coast: although the settlement itself here is no longer coastal, in economic terms it feels the daily and significant influence of the proximity of the sea. Approximately 24% of the total population of the Earth is concentrated in this zone. The literature also notes that the proportion of the population living at a distance of up to 200 km from the sea is gradually increasing: in 1850 it was 48.9%, in 1950 - 50.3, and now it reaches 53%.

It is possible to concretize the thesis itself about the uneven distribution of the population across the globe using many examples. One can compare in this respect the Eastern and Western hemispheres (respectively 80 and 20% of the population), the Northern and Southern hemispheres (90 and 10%). It is possible to single out the least and most populated areas of the Earth. The former include almost all highlands, most giant deserts Central and Southwest Asia and North Africa, to some extent, and arrays rainforest not to mention Antarctica and Greenland. The latter include the historically established main population clusters in East, South and Southeast Asia, in Western Europe, and in the Northeast of the United States.

Various indicators are used to characterize the distribution of the population. The main one, the population density indicator, makes it possible to more or less visually judge the degree of population of the territory. It determines the number of permanent residents per 1 km2.

Let's start with the average population density for all inhabited earth's land.

As one would expect, during the twentieth century. - especially as a result of the population explosion - it began to increase especially rapidly. In 1900, this figure was 12 people per 1 km 2, in 1950 - 18, in 1980 - 33, in 1990 - 40, and in 2000 already about 45, and in 2005 - 48 people per 1 km 2.

It is also interesting to consider the differences in average population density that exist between parts of the world. Populous Asia has the highest density (120 people per 1 km 2), very high (110) - Europe, in the rest large parts The earth's population density is below the world average: in Africa, about 30, in America - 20, and in Australia and Oceania - only 4 people per 1 km 2.

The next level is a comparison of the population density of individual countries, which makes it possible to carry out Figure 47. It also provides the basis for a three-term grouping of the countries of the world according to this indicator. A very high population density for a single country can, obviously, be considered an indicator of over 200 people per 1 km 2. Examples of countries with such a population density are Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador. The average density can be considered an indicator close to the world average (48 people per 1 km 2). As examples of this kind, we will name Belarus, Tajikistan, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador. Finally, 2–3 people per 1 km 2 or less can be attributed to the lowest density indicators. The group of countries with such a population density includes Mongolia, Mauritania, Namibia, Australia, not to mention Greenland (0.02 people per 1 km 2).

When analyzing Figure 47, it should be taken into account that very small, mostly island, countries could not be reflected in it, and it is precisely they that are distinguished by particularly high population density. Examples include Singapore (6450 people per 1 km 2), Bermuda (1200), Malta (1280), Bahrain (1020), Barbados (630), Mauritius (610), Martinique (350 people per 1 km 2) not to mention Monaco (16,900).

In educational geography, the consideration of population density contrasts within individual countries is quite widely used. as the most clear examples Egypt, China, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan can be mentioned of this kind. At the same time, one should not forget about the archipelago countries. For example, in Indonesia, the population density on about. Java often exceeds 2000 people per 1 km 2, and in the deep regions of other islands it drops to 3 people per 1 km 2. It should be noted in passing that, if the relevant data are available, it is better to analyze such contrasts on the basis of a comparison of the density of the rural population.

Russia is an example of a country with a low average population density of 8 people per 1 km 2 . In addition, this average hides very large internal differences. They exist between the Western and Eastern zones of the country (respectively 4/5 and 1/5 of the total population). They also exist between individual regions (the population density in the Moscow region is approximately 350 people per 1 km 2, and in many regions of Siberia and Far East- less than 1 person per 1 km 2). That is why geographers usually single out in Russia the main strip of settlement, extending in a gradually narrowing range through the European and Asian parts of the country. About 2/3 of all the inhabitants of the country are concentrated within this band. At the same time, there are vast uninhabited or very sparsely populated territories in Russia. They occupy, according to some estimates, approximately 45% of the entire area of the country.

Rice. 47. Average population density by country

The population on Earth is distributed unevenly. This is due to various reasons:

a) the influence of the natural factor: deserts, tundra, highlands, ice-covered territories and tropical forests do not contribute to the resettlement of people;

b) the effect of the historical features of the settlement of the earth's land;

c) differences in the current demographic situation: features of population growth on the continents;

d) the impact of the socio-economic conditions of people's lives, their economic activity, the level of development of production.

Countries with the highest population density have 200 people per 1 km2. This group includes: Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, India, Republic of Korea, Japan, Philippines. Countries in which the population density is close to the world average - 46 abs/km2: Cambodia, Iraq, Ireland, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia, Mexico, Ecuador. Low population density - 2 individuals / km2 have: Mongolia, Libya, Mauritania, Namibia, Guinea, Australia.

The total population density of the Earth is constantly changing. If in 1950 it was 18 abs/km2, in 1983 it was 34, in the early 1990s it was 40, and in 1997 it was 47. 4/5 - at altitudes up to 500 m above sea level. Sparsely populated or completely uninhabited territories (including the continental glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland) occupy almost 40% of the land area, 1% of the world's population plays here.

In the most populated areas of the world, occupying up to 7.0% of the territory, up to 70% of the total population of the Earth lives.

Significant concentrations of the population were formed both in the old agricultural and in the new industrial areas. Particularly high population density is in the industrialized regions of Europe, North America, as well as in the ancient areas of artificial irrigation (Ghana, Nile and Great China lowlands). Here, in the most densely populated areas of the globe, they occupy less than 10% of the land, about 2/3 of the world's population lives. Asia is the most populated part of the world. The demographic center in Asia is located in the region of the Hindustan subcontinent. The most populated here are areas of intensive agriculture, in particular rice cultivation: the Ganges delta from the Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy. In Indonesia, the majority of the population is concentrated on the island of Java with fertile soils of volcanic origin (population density exceeds 700 abs/km2).

The rural population of Southwest Asia is concentrated along the foothills of Lebanon, Elbrus, in the interfluve of the Tigris and Euphrates. A fairly high population density on the coast of the Persian Gulf, which is associated with oil production, as well as around the Sea of Japan (on the Japanese islands - more than 300 abs/km2, in South Korea - about 500 abs/km2).

Europe is unevenly populated. One densely populated region stretches from north to south—from Northern Ireland through England, through the Rhine Valley to northern Italy—and is interrupted only in the Alps. This belt concentrates many industries and intensive Agriculture, developed infrastructure. The second runs in the west of Europe from Brittany, along the Sambor and Meuse rivers through northern France and Germany. The high concentration of population in Northwestern Europe is explained by the fact that it was here that industrial areas were born, which led to an increase in natural population growth and an influx of labor. In Western, Central, Southwestern and Southern France, in the Iberian, peninsulas, about 130 million people live on the islands of the Mediterranean Sea. The average population density here reaches 119 abs/km2.

Among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Ukraine has a high population density - 81 persons / km2, Moldova - 130 persons / km2. The average population density in Russia is 8.7 individuals/km2.

Sufficiently high population density is typical for a number of countries Central Europe, but it is unevenly distributed. Mountain areas are sparsely populated and woodlands. The usual population density in Poland is 127 abs/km2, with a maximum of more than 300 in the industrial regions of Upper and Lower Silesia. The population density of the Czech Republic is 134 individuals / km2, Slovakia - 112, Hungary - 111. Many populations of the eastern part Southern Europe concentrated on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, per 1 km2 accounts for: in Serbia, Montenegro - 42 people each, Slovenia - 100, Macedonia - 4, Croatia - 85, Bosnia and Herzegovina - 70 abs/km2.

The distribution of the population in North America largely depends on the time of settlement of individual territories. The bulk of the population of the United States and Canada is concentrated to the east of 85 ° N. in the region bounded by the Atlantic coast, a narrow strip of the border between the United States and Canada (to the Great Lakes), the southern shores of the lakes in the year of the Mississippi and Ohio. About 130 million people live in this part of the mainland.

In the region Central America the Antilles are especially densely populated: in Jamaica there are 200 people per 1 km2, in Trinidad, Tobago and Barbados - 580 people. Low population density in the desert regions of northwestern Mexico.

A significant number of South Americans live in coastal areas on the western and eastern fringes of the continent. large areas equatorial forests The Amazon and savannahs (Chaco), as well as Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, are underpopulated.

On the African continent population density is very low. Individuals of the cause are natural conditions (deserts, humid equatorial forests, mountainous territories), as well as colonization, the slave trade in the past. Most of the population is concentrated in coastal areas, where large cities or plantations are concentrated. These are the Mediterranean regions of the Maghreb, the shores of the Gulf of Guinea from Côte d'Ivoire to Cameroon, as well as the plains of Nigeria.

Australia has the most densely populated territories in the eastern, southeastern outskirts of the continent.

Severe climatic conditions prevented the settlement of the Arctic and subarctic zones; less than 0.1% of the world's population lives here.

True, in modern conditions the role of contrasts caused by natural conditions is reduced. In connection with industrialization, the introduction of scientific and technological progress, socio-economic factors have an increasingly greater influence on the distribution of the population.

The world's population is distributed very unevenly across the territory. This is easy to track using such a concept as the average population density, that is, the number of inhabitants of the world, country or city per square kilometer. The average density of countries varies hundreds of times. And inside the countries there are absolutely deserted places, or vice versa, cities in which several hundred people live per square meter. Particularly densely populated are East and South Asia, Western Europe, and weakly - the Arctic, deserts, tropical forests and highlands.

The population of the world is extremely uneven. About 70% of the total population of the planet lives on 7% of the land area. At the same time, almost 80% of the world's population lives in its eastern part. The main parameter that shows the distribution of the population is the population density. The average value of the world population density is 40 people per square km. At the same time, this indicator varies depending on the location, and can be from 1 to 2000 people per kilometer.

The lowest population density (less than 4 people per kilometer) is Mongolia, Australia, Namibia, Libya and Greenland. And the highest population density (from 200 people per square kilometer or more) is in Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Korea, El Salvador. Average population density in countries: Ireland, Iraq, Morocco, Malaysia, Ecuador, Tunisia, Mexico. There are also areas with extreme conditions that are not suitable for life; they belong to undeveloped territories and occupy approximately 15% of the land area.

Over the past ten years, in several places in the world, huge crowds of people called conurbation have appeared.

They are constantly increasing, and the largest of these formations is Boston, located in the United States.

Gigantic differences between regions in the rate of development and population growth are rapidly changing the population map of the planet.

Russia can be classified as a sparsely populated country. The population of the state is disproportionate compared to the vast territory. Most of Russia is Far North and areas equated to it, the average population density of which is 1 person per square meter.

The world is gradually changing, and at the same time comes to modern regime reproduction, in which low fertility and low mortality, which means that soon the number, and hence the population density of countries will stop increasing, and will stand at the same level.

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