Comparison of two oceans. Indian Ocean description, interesting facts

Indian Ocean is component world ocean. His maximum depth- 7729 m (Zonda Trench), and the average depth is slightly more than 3700 m, which is the second result after the depths of the Pacific Ocean. The size of the Indian Ocean is 76.174 million km2. This is 20% of the world's oceans. The volume of water is about 290 million km3 (together with all the seas).

The waters of the Indian Ocean are distinguished by their light blue color and good transparency. This is due to the fact that very little freshwater rivers, which are the main "troublemakers". By the way, due to this, the water in the Indian Ocean is much saltier compared to the salinity of other oceans.

Location of the Indian Ocean

Most of the Indian Ocean is located in southern hemisphere. It borders Asia to the north, Antarctica to the south, Australia to the east, and the African continent to the west. In addition, in the southeast, its waters connect with the waters of the Pacific Ocean, and in the southwest with the Atlantic Ocean.

Seas and gulfs of the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean does not have as many seas as other oceans. For example, in comparison with the Atlantic Ocean, they are 3 times less. Most of the seas are located in its northern part. AT tropical zone are: Red (the most salty sea on Earth), Laccadive, Arabian, Arafura, Timor and Andaman seas. The Antarctic zone hosts the d'Urville, Commonwealth, Davis, Riiser-Larsen, Cosmonauts seas.

The largest bays of the Indian Ocean are the Persian, Bengal, Oman, Aden, Prydz and the Great Australian.

Indian Ocean Islands

The Indian Ocean is not distinguished by an abundance of islands. The largest islands of continental origin are Madagascar, Sumatra, Sri Lanka, Java, Tasmania, Timor. Also, there are volcanic islands, such as Mauritius, Renyon, Kerguelen, and coral - Chagos, Maldives, Andaman, etc.

Underwater world of the Indian Ocean

Since more than half of the Indian Ocean is located in the tropical and subtropical zones, its underwater world is very rich and diverse in terms of species. The coastal zone in the tropics is replete with numerous colonies of crabs and unique fish — mudskippers. Corals live in shallow waters, and various algae grow in temperate waters - calcareous, brown, red.

The Indian Ocean is home to dozens of species of crustaceans, molluscs and jellyfish. AT ocean waters also lives enough a large number of sea ​​snakes, among which there are poisonous species.

Sharks are a special pride of the Indian Ocean. Many species of these predators plow its waters, namely tiger, mako, gray, blue, large White shark and etc.

Mammals are represented by killer whales and dolphins. Several species of pinnipeds (seals, dugongs, seals) and whales live in the southern part of the ocean.

Despite all the wealth underwater world, the seafood industry in the Indian Ocean is rather poorly developed - only 5% of the world catch. Sardines, tuna, shrimp, lobsters, rays and lobsters are harvested in the ocean.

1. ancient name Indian Ocean - East.

2. In the Indian Ocean, ships are regularly found in good condition, but without a crew. Where he disappears is a mystery. Over the past 100 years, there have been 3 such ships - Tarbon, Houston Market (tankers) and the Cabin Cruiser.

3. Many species of the underwater world of the Indian Ocean have unique property- they can glow. This is what explains the appearance of luminous circles in the ocean.

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Differences and common features of the oceans.

On the this moment the differences between the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and Indian oceans are rather conditional. All of them represent one huge World Ocean. It all depends on which continents and continents are washed by these waters and at what latitudes they are.

What is the difference between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic: comparison, similarities, differences

The Pacific waters are the largest and deepest. They are the warmest. We can say that the name Tikhiy originated from the time of Magellan's travels. He found that for several months, as long as they were in the voyage, the water did not storm. On the whole, they had a successful expedition.

Features and differences:

• The Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean. It is thanks to her that the ocean is the deepest. Between the Atlantic and the Pacific there are many common features. These oceans are predominantly located in warm tropical latitudes. That is why the water in them is warm enough.
• Regarding the differences, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are different in salinity. More salty is the Atlantic. This is due to the fact that its size and depth are much smaller than that of the Pacific.
• The high salinity and temperature in the Atlantic waters is due to the fact that they are fed by many coastal rivers and seas that depart from warm continents with high temperature air. Therefore, the water flowing into the Atlantic Ocean is much warmer.
• The most interesting thing is that if you like a resort holiday, it is recommended to spend your vacation in Pacific waters. There are rarely storms here. The islands rarely experience heavy rainfall or hurricanes.

What is the difference between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean: comparison, similarities, differences

These oceans have a lot in common. The common continents that wash these oceans are Asia, Antarctica and Australia. Pacific and Indian waters merge into one. The conditional border is located along the Malay Archipelago, the southern coast of New Guinea. Also, this border passes through the Bass Strait and from Tasmania, along the meridian to Cape Williams.

What is the difference between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean: comparison, similarities, differences

• Atlantic and Indian waters differ in area, depth and salinity.
• It is worth noting that there are also common continents that are washed by the oceans. These are Africa and Antarctica.
• As for the relief, it differs significantly. The bottom of the Atlantic Ocean is quite relief, and almost along its entire length consists of long ridges. The bottom of the Indian Ocean is more even and gentle.

How is the Arctic Ocean different from other oceans?

The main difference between the North Arctic Ocean from the rest, is that it is located in polar latitudes.

Differences:

• This ocean is the coldest and smallest. In addition, the salinity of this ocean is the lowest in comparison with the rest. This is due to the fact that glaciers absorb salt. And most of the fresh rivers flow into this ocean.
• The ocean is located in the center of the Arctic. Washes such continents as Eurasia and North America. The biggest difference from other oceans is that there is almost always ice on the surface of the ocean.
• Another feature of this ocean is that its bottom is very complex. A third of the entire bottom area is occupied by the shelf. There are also underwater ridges, such as the Lomonosov and Mendeleev ridges. In addition, the bottom is covered with faults.

What is the difference between the oceans: comparison, similarities, differences, conclusion

The difference between all the oceans is rather conditional. It is due to the temperature of the waters and the washed continents. Indian waters differ from all others in that they have no connection with the Arctic Ocean. The warmest and deepest is the Pacific Ocean. He is different large quantity islands, as well as a calm bottom topography.

Atlantic waters are stretched from north to south. We can say that they are located in a long strip along the continents. It is worth noting that at certain points, many of the oceans mix. At the same time, the division of waters is rather conditional.

As you can see, all oceans are part of the oceans. The largest and deepest is the Pacific Ocean. It makes up 53% of total area World Ocean.

VIDEO: Differences between oceans

As you know, the territory of our planet is washed by four oceans. The Atlantic and Indian Oceans rank second and third in terms of water volume, respectively.

These oceans are inhabited by unique species aquatic animals and vegetation.

History of the discovery of the Atlantic Ocean

The development of the Atlantic Ocean began in the era of early Antiquity. It was then that the ancient Phoenician navigators began to make the first voyages across mediterranean sea and east coast Atlantic Ocean.

However, only Europeans managed to cross the Atlantic Ocean. northern peoples in the 9th century. The "golden era" of the exploration of the Atlantic was laid by the famous navigator Christopher Columbus.

During his expeditions, many seas and bays of the Atlantic Ocean were discovered. Modern scientists - oceanologists continue to study the Atlantic Ocean, in particular the relief structures of its bottom.

History of the discovery of the Indian Ocean

The history of the discovery of the Indian Ocean is rooted in the days of ancient civilizations. The ocean served as the main trade route Persians, Indians, Egyptians and Phoenicians.

The Chinese were the first to explore the Indian Ocean. It is to the Chinese navigator Ho's wife managed for the first time during his expedition to explore the shores of Sri Lanka, the Arabian Peninsula, Persia and Africa.

The large-scale development of the Indian Ocean began with the first expeditions of the Portuguese Vasco de Gama, who managed not only to reach the coast of India, completely rounding the African coast, but also to discover many islands in the Indian Ocean.

Atlantic Ocean: general information

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world in terms of its size. Its waters cover an area of ​​80 million square meters. km.

The formation of the Atlantic Ocean began more than 150 million years ago, at a time when the modern American continent began to separate from Eurasia. The Atlantic Ocean is considered the youngest among all existing oceans.

The maximum depth reaches 9 km(trough, which is located off the coast of Puerto Rico). The Atlantic Ocean washes the shores of such continents: Eurasia, Africa, South and North America, as well as Antarctica.

Indian Ocean: general information

Indian Ocean, with an area of ​​about 70 million km. sq., ranks third in size among other oceans. Most deep place Indian Ocean - a depression near Java islands(Indonesia), the depth of which reaches 7 km.

The waters of the Indian Ocean are characterized by frequent changes in the direction of the current. The Indian Ocean washes Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica.

The oceans are reservoirs of salt water that cover 70% of the Earth's surface. Life on Earth is believed to have originated in the ocean, and it continues to be home to various kinds life. Oceans affect weather and temperature through absorption solar radiation. The oceans make a huge contribution to the water cycle and are the main sources of precipitation. Although a single ocean is usually divided into several "separate" oceans, it is actually one global ocean, sometimes referred to as the World Ocean. The area of ​​the World Ocean is 361 million square kilometers.

Earth's oceans are all connected to each other. Let's compare the oceans and find out which of the oceans is the largest:

Pacific Ocean:

It is the largest of all oceans and separates Asia and Oceania from South America. With an area of ​​165,250,000 square kilometers, it borders Asia and Australia to the west and North and South America to the east. It stretches from the Arctic in the north to the Antarctic Ocean in the south. Its average depth is 4,028 m, it is also the most deep ocean- depth Mariana Trench 11033 m

Atlantic Ocean:

It is the second largest ocean with an area of ​​106,400,000 square kilometers. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin between Europe and Africa in the east, North and South America in the west, it is bounded in the north by the Arctic Ocean, in the southwest Pacific Ocean, in the southeast by the Indian Ocean, in the south by the Antarctic Ocean. Its average depth is 3,926 m, the maximum depth is the Puerto Rico Trench of 8,605 meters.

Indian Ocean:

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of all oceans covering an area of ​​73,560,000 square kilometers. It borders on the north with Indian and Arabian Peninsulas, in the west with East Africa, in the east with Indochina, the Sunda Islands and Australia, and in the south with the Antarctic Ocean. The ocean is named after geographical location India. Its average depth is 3,963 m, the maximum depth is the Yavan trench 7,724 meters

Antarctic Ocean:

The Antarctic Ocean includes southern waters World Ocean. It is considered the fourth largest ocean in the world, with an area of ​​over 20,330,000 square kilometers. Its average depth is from 4,000 to 5,000 m, the maximum depth is in the southern part of the South Sandwich Trench 7,236 meters

Arctic Ocean:

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five largest oceans; its area is 8,207,654 square kilometres. It is surrounded by Eurasia and North America and is partially covered with ice throughout the year. The Arctic Ocean's temperature and salinity varies seasonally with ice sheet melt and freeze, it has the lowest salinity of the five major oceans due to low evaporation, fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited ocean water connection and outflow.

These are the main differences between Earth's oceans. We hope you found this information useful!

This I know

2. In what climatic zones is the atlantic ocean?

The Atlantic Ocean is located in all climatic zones except the Arctic.

3. Name main feature atmospheric circulation in the northern Indian Ocean?

In the northern part, the ocean is subject to tropical monsoons.

4. How economic activity human impact on the nature of the oceans?

Economic activity negatively affects the nature of the oceans. Its influence is especially strong in the Atlantic Ocean. This ocean has long been a place of active fishing and fishing, transportation, oil and gas production. The main problem of the ecology of the Atlantic (and, first of all, its northern area) is the increasing anthropogenic impact, which may have irreversible Negative consequences. In general, the anthropogenic impact can be reduced to the following: 1) overfishing (especially in recent decades); 2) noise pollution (geophysical exploration, drilling operations, ship propeller noise); 3) oil pollution; 4) pollution with pesticides; 5) domestic pollution(garbage, sewage); 6) radioactive background of ships; 7) acid rain.

Water pollution by oil and refined products has become a major problem in the Indian Ocean. Its waters, flora and fauna. Accidents and spills of oil during production, pumping and transportation can and do lead to the death of marine animals, birds, fish, mollusks and other aquatic life.

This I can

7. Using the maps in figures 18 and 23, determine how the boundaries of the lithospheric plates pass in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

The boundaries of the lithospheric plates in the Atlantic Ocean run from north to south along the mid-ocean ridges and divide the ocean almost in half. The Indian Ocean formed at the border of three lithospheric plates - Indo-Australian, African and Antarctic. The mid-ocean ridges Arabian-Indian, West Indian and Australo-Antarctic - divide the oceanic bed into separate basins.

8. Using search engines Internet and your biological knowledge, find information about such inhabitants of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans like the manatee and the dugong.

Like whales, sirens are descended from land mammals who have mastered water element. However, despite resemblance, whales and sirens have different ancestors. Apparently, the closest relatives of sirens in the animal kingdom are elephants. Difficult evolutionary path led to the appearance of these two outwardly completely different groups of animals. Fossil sirens have been proven to have many common features with elephants: a similar structure of the skull and teeth. In addition, modern manatees have small talon hooves on their flippers; elephants have similar hooves.

DUGONG AND MANATEES

It is easy to distinguish a dugong from a manatee by the shape of the tail - in manatees, the tail is rounded, without a notch, and in dugongs it is triangular with a deep notch in the middle. Dugongs are somewhat larger than manatees (the body length of a dugong is 3-5 m, and a manatee is 2-4 m), and they live only in the salty waters of the oceans and seas, and manatees have adapted to live not only in the seas, but also in fresh waters. The Brazilian manatee, for example, lives exclusively in the Orinoco and Amazon basins. Dugongs and manatees are exemplary parents. Newborns are born fully formed and quite large - their body length is about 1/3 of the mother's body length. A mother breastfeeds her only child for 18 months.

Dugongs It is not uncommon to see how a cub, tired of swimming on its own, rides on its mother's carefully substituted back. The father also takes part in the upbringing of the baby, bravely protecting his child from any danger, whether it be a shark or a person.

Manatees are very trusting and sociable, quickly tamed and easily tolerate captivity. Dugongs, on the contrary, feel good only in vivo, and it is extremely difficult to breed them in special nurseries.