Inland waters of South America. Inland Waters of South America. Lakes of the Southern Continents
The purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the features of the inland waters of South America.
Lesson objectives:
- To acquaint students with the features of the inland waters of the mainland and their distribution throughout South America.
- Introduce students to new terms and concepts.
- Establish cause-and-effect relationships and work with different types of sources of geographic information.
Equipment: Maps of South America - physical, climatic (wall), computer, multimedia projector, atlas, textbook.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
2. Checking knowledge.
1. Name the climate-forming factors that determine the formation of the climate in South America. Explain each of these factors.
2. Prove that South America is the wettest continent. Explain the reason for this climate change. . (During the answer, use(Presentation)slide 1.)
3. Explain why in the southern part of the mainland the coasts of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans receive different amounts of precipitation.
4. Compare the role of the Andes and the Great Dividing Range in Australia in the formation of the climatic features of the continents.
5. Work with climatograms - 2 people. ( Climatograms are given to students. At the end of the survey, slides are displayed on the screen, according to which students respond.).
3. Explanation of new material.
In the last lesson, we looked at the amazing climate of South America. But this continent surprises us not only with the peculiarities of its climate, but also with water resources.
Question: Using the maps of the atlas, determine which oceans the rivers of South America flow into? Which ocean basin dominates? Why? ( Working with atlas maps.)
(The rivers of South America flow into the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Atlantic Ocean basin prevails due to the relief.)
The main river systems were formed on the territory of the flat east, and the rivers flowing on the Pacific coast are small and short.
Question: Determine how the relief affects inland waters?
– The nature of the flow;
– flow direction;
– the presence of waterfalls and rapids.
Question: Do you remember what are the main features of the relief of South America?
(The predominance of flat territories, but access to the surface of crystalline rocks.)
Question: How does the relief of South America affect the formation of the mainland's internal waters?
Most of the rivers in South America are flat. But even on flat rivers there are waterfalls.
Working with multimedia. Slide 4. Iguazu Falls 1”.
Due to the presence of hardly soluble rocks, waterfalls form. On the territory of the Brazilian Plateau, since the 16th century, Europeans have known the Iguazu Falls - “big water”. The height of the waterfall is 72 meters, it consists of two main cascades, and in total the waterfall includes 275 waterfalls.
The waterfall is striking in its beauty. Watch the video clip and you will understand why the Indians called the waterfall “Big Water”.
Working with multimedia. Slide 5. “Iguazu Falls 2”.
But Iguazu Falls is not the only pride of South America.
Working with multimedia. Slide 6. “Angel Falls”.
On the Guiana Plateau, in the basin of the Caroni River, there is one of the wonders of nature, the highest waterfall on Earth - Angel Falls. In the northeastern part of the plateau rises Auyan-Tepui - Devil's Mountain. Its sheer cliffs rise to a height of up to 1.5 kilometers. In 1935, the Englishman Angel went by plane to explore these wild places and, flying by, he saw a unique waterfall that appears as if from clouds. Only in 1949 was the height of the waterfall established - 1054 meters, which is 21 times higher than the famous Niagara Falls. The waterfall can only be seen from a height, at the foot of the mountain, as if a river arises from the air, carrying its waters from the ocean.
But the placement of inland waters depends on several factors, and not only on the features of the relief. Slide 7 “Rivers of South America”
Question: Name the factor on which the internal waters of the continent still depend.
Another important factor in the formation of inland waters is the climate.
Question: They say that “rivers are a mirror of the climate”, how do you understand this statement?
(The amount of precipitation and the mode of precipitation affects the characteristics of inland waters.)
Working with multimedia. Slide 8. “The largest rivers in South America.”
Task: Look at the table and identify the largest river systems in South America.
There are large river systems on the mainland. In the northern part of the mainland, the Orinoco River flows. The source of the river was found only in 1951, at the same time the length of the river was determined - 2740 km.
Question: Look carefully at the map and answer the question, what is strange and unusual in the course of the river?
Below the village of Esmiralda, the river is divided by a crystalline ledge into two parts, one of which continues to flow in the same direction, and the other, called Casiquiare, becomes a tributary of the Rio Negro. This phenomenon is called bifurcation.
A bifurcation is a bifurcation of a river, in which each of the formed branches belongs to different river systems. (Entry in a notebook.)
For 400 km from the mouth of the Orinoco it becomes navigable for ocean-going vessels, the depth of the river exceeds 30 meters. Below the Barrancas, the river is divided into a huge delta with an area of \u200b\u200babout 18 thousand km².
Climatically, the Orinoco basin is divided into two seasons: rainy (April to October) and dry (November to March). During the wet season, in the lower reaches, the water rises by 15 meters, the river overflows for 10–15 km.
The second longest river system in South America is the Rio de La Plata, which means “silver river” in Spanish. So the newly discovered river was named by the Spanish conquistadors, hoping to find the precious metal. The name of the river seems like a cruel joke, because the river carries a huge amount of silt into the ocean, which makes the river muddy and opaque.
The Indians called this river Parana, which means “relative of the ocean.” In the lower reaches of the Parana, it merges with the Uruguay River and forms a huge estuary, the length of which is 320 km. The width of the estuary near the ocean is 220 km, against Monte Video - 105 km and near Buenos Aires - 40 km. Parana is navigable for more than 2000 km from the mouth for ocean-going ships and rightfully bears its name.
But the true queen of the inland waters of South America is the Amazon. The river got its name in honor of the ancient mythical Amazons. For a long time, Europeans could not penetrate deep into the Amazon and came up with a legend according to which formidable warriors guard the passage to the Amazon.
Working with multimedia. slide 9. “ Amazon and its tributaries.
“All that can be heard or read about the size of the Amazon and its tributaries does not give an idea of its immensity. You have to sail on it for months to understand how much water dominates the land here, ”one of the European researchers wrote about the Amazon. In fact, there seems to be nothing more majestic and mysterious than this great river. Until now, this river has not been blocked by any bridge, dam or dam. The area of the river basin is about 7.2 million km², which is only slightly inferior to the area of the entire mainland of Australia.
The Amazon is often referred to as the greatest river in the world. And although in length it is slightly inferior to the Nile, but in fullness it has no equal.
Working with multimedia. Slide 10. "Amazon".
The Amazon has over 500 tributaries, including 1,500 to 3,500 km long. In low water, the width of the channel in the middle reaches is 5 km, and the depth is 50 meters. On the last 400 km stretch before flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, the width of the river is more than 50 kilometers, and the depth is more than 90 meters. At the mouth, the width of the river is already 80 kilometers. The city of Manaus is a seaport.
The source of the great river is located in the Andes at an altitude of about 4-5 thousand meters, there is a small lake Ninyokocha. Small rivers flow into it from the surrounding mountains, and a small stream flows out of it. This is one of the origins of the Amazon. But the Amazon itself appears after the Ucayali and Marañon merge into a single stream. With the exception of rapids, the Amazon and its tributaries flow slowly due to the slight slope of the river. And because of this, the Atlantic tides rise more than a thousand kilometers from the ocean. This phenomenon has been called a vice.
Pororoka (thundering wave) - the movement of a sea tidal wave in shallow water and lower reaches with a wave up to 5 meters high.
The Amazon is exceptionally full of water throughout the year, but in May-June, the highest water level is observed.
Question: What do you think is the reason for the rise in the water level in the river?
(Peculiarities of the climate and the river system: the numerous right tributaries of the Amazon flood just during this period of the year).
Working with multimedia. Slide 11. Video clip “ Amazon”.
The organic world of the Amazon is unique. Amazing Victoria Amazonian. able to withstand weight up to 50 kilograms on its leaves. The most famous fish in the Amazon are piranhas. Sharp teeth and powerful jaws allow these fish to deal with their prey very quickly. Cases have been recorded when a flock of piranhas butchered a bull within 3 minutes. The Indians used the jaws of these fish as scissors. The largest fish in the Amazon is the pirarucu. The length of the largest individuals is up to 5 meters and weighs up to 90 kilograms. The average pyraruk sold on the market weighs up to 25-30 kilograms. This is only a small part of the amazing animals and plants of the Amazon. Watch the video clip carefully and name those animals and birds that you know.
Working with multimedia. Slide 12. "Representatives of the organic world of the Amazon."
Working with multimedia. Slide 13. Video clip “ Amazonia”.
There are few lakes on the mainland.
Question: On the map of the atlas, determine the name of the lakes of South America and the origin of the lake basins.
The largest lakes are Titicaca and Maracaibo Lagoon.
Working with multimedia. Slide 43. “Lakes of South America”.
The name of Lake Titicaca translates as "lead rock". In fact, at dawn, the lake amazes with the absolute real estate of mirror waters. There was a beautiful legend according to which the Incas, in order to prevent their treasures from falling to the Spanish conquistadors, melted down all the gold they had and flooded it in the lake, which they considered to be bottomless. In the second half of the last century, Jacques Yves Cousteau organized an expedition in search of legendary treasures. Despite all efforts, the Inca treasures could not be found. The only thing the expedition achieved was to measure the depth of the "bottomless" lake - 320 meters.
4. Consolidation of the studied material.
Today we examined the features of the inland waters of South America.
At the end of the lesson, I suggest giving the correct answer without looking at the map.
- Do most rivers belong to the Pacific or Atlantic Ocean? (Atlantic.)
- Is the Amazon flowing east or northeast? (East.)
- Which waterfall is further north - Angel or Iguazu? ( Angel.)
- Is the general direction of the Paraná current south or north? (South.)
- Is Lake Titicaca in the Andes or the Brazilian Plateau? (In the Andes.)
- Is the Amazon Basin mostly Brazil or Peru? (Brazil.)
- Is the Maracaibo lagoon located in Venezuela or Colombia? (Venezuela.)
5. Homework.§ 43.
Different areas of the South American mainland receive unequal amounts of precipitation, which explains the significant differences in the density of the hydrographic network of the mainland. The density of the river network, the full flow and the regime of rivers depend on the characteristics of precipitation.
The Andes, stretching along the Pacific coast, blocking the flow to the east, also limits the drainage basin of the Pacific Ocean. It accounts for only 1/3 of the mainland runoff area. Numerous rivers of the Pacific coast are short, stormy, rapids. The rivers in the northern and southern parts of the Pacific Basin are fed by abundant rainfall and meltwater from snow and glaciers. Episodic watercourses from the Andes hardly make their way through the desert center, of which one Rio Loa is able to carry its meager waters to the ocean. These rivers are fed mainly by groundwater accumulated in gravel and sand deposits.
The Atlantic Ocean collects runoff from the entire flat-flat East and from the eastern part of the Andes, which usually receives a lot of moisture. The largest system of Andean rivers belongs to the Caribbean Sea: Magdalena-Cauca in Colombia. The well-moistened gentle slopes of the Guiana and Brazilian plateaus send their waters into the flat Amazonian lowland stretching between them with its constant showers, where rivers also rush from the adjacent Andes ranges. It is not surprising that nature has created here the largest river basin in the world, with an area of over 7 million km 2, with the deepest (and according to some sources also the longest) river in the world, the Amazon. It originates near the Pacific coast, on the eastern slopes of the Western Cordillera in Peru, at an altitude of 4840 m. The Amazon has 2 sources: the more full-flowing Marañon (with it the length of the river is 6400 km) and the longer Ucayali (with it the length of the river is about 7100 km). The river gets its name from the confluence of Marañon and Ucayali.
Maranion flows north in a deep gorge and, turning east, breaks out into the lowland, soon taking its second source of the river. They reprimanded. And then 4300 km of free shipping route to the Atlantic with a negligible fall. The Amazon is full of water all year round. The average water consumption is 220 thousand m 3 / s, the maximum is up to 300 thousand m 3 / s. The regime of the Amazon depends on the time of rainfall in the basins of its main tributaries, and 17 of them have a length of 1500-3500 km. The length of the shipping routes of the entire system is over 25,000 km, hydropower resources are enormous, approximately 280 million kW, but they are still being used extremely poorly.
The natural conditions for the formation of the Parana, the second largest river in South America, are also favorable. It, with its mostly left tributaries, as well as Uruguay, which has a common mouth with it, flows down from the southern slope of the Brazilian Plateau, replete with rapids and waterfalls. Her pool is well hydrated. The main right tributary of the Parana - Paraguay - is a flat river, but with very sharp fluctuations in flow, and its tributaries from the Gran Chaco in winter can even dry up in places.
Very large fluctuations in the level of the third water artery of the river. Orinoco, flowing at the junction of the Llanos and the Guiana Plateau. The left tributaries of the Orinoco are flat, in the rainy season they overflow their banks; the right ones are distinguished by an abundance of waterfalls, either falling with the whole mass of water from the ledges of the crystalline bed, or falling from sheer sandstone walls, like the famous Angel. On the river Caroni in Venezuela has already built a cascade of hydroelectric power plants. A dense network of similar waterfall rivers also irrigates the eastern slopes of the Guiana Plateau.
Significant areas in arid regions have no runoff to the ocean at all. These are Puna, many areas of the Gran Chaco, the Pampina Sierras, and, oddly enough, not only the dry western, but also the humid eastern Pampa, where precipitation is absorbed by porous loess or stagnates in flat depressions. They do not have an external flow and the interfluve of Patagonia, the rivers of which, originating in the Andes, cross it in deep canyons, without receiving tributaries.
On the other hand, the foothills of the Patagonian Andes abound with large lakes: Nahuel Huapi, Buenos Aires, etc. These terminal glacial lakes, dammed by moraines, with branched fjord-like bays cutting into mountains, into which glaciers slide, surrounded by dense forests are amazingly picturesque, and some of they are included in national parks. Similar lakes, only smaller in size, stretch in a chain on the other side of the Andes in Chile. There are many rounded tarns in other glacial regions as well. The most remarkable lake in the Andes is Titicaca. It lies in Pune at an altitude of 3812 m, has an area of 8290 km 2, 2 times higher and 3 times larger than Sevan. They are found in the Andes lakes and in the craters of volcanoes. There are few lakes in the east. The largest lagoon lake is Maracaibo, along the banks and from the bottom of which, as in the Caspian Sea, oil is extracted. Shallow large lagoon lakes Patus and Lagoa Mirin and a number of small ones are laced off by sandy spits from the Atlantic Ocean on the coastal lowlands of Brazil and Uruguay.
Lesson topic: Inland waters of South America.
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
educational- to introduce students to the largest river and lake systems in South America and their features.
Developing - development of the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships; draw up a description of the river according to the plan; development of map skills.
Educational- to educate students in curiosity, respect for nature, independence; develop an interest in geography.
During the classes.
1. Organizational moment.
The music is "In the distant Amazon".
Lesson Journey
Purpose: to form an idea of the features of the inland waters of the mainland
ü Get to know the major rivers, waterfalls and lakes of the mainland
ü To form knowledge about the features of the regime, nutrition and the nature of the flow of rivers
ü Reveal the dependence of inland waters on relief and climate
2. Checking homework
o Remember what inland waters are
o River basin
o Meals
o High water
o Flood
But before you go on a trip, you need to prepare for it so that some troubles do not take us by surprise. Get into 3 groups (in rows)
n First group characterizes equatorial, a second Group - subequatorial climate zone of South America according to the plan:
In what part of the continent is the belt located? What air masses dominate it during the year? Average temperatures in January and July Average annual rainfall What time of the year does it rain?
n Third group characterizes the situation major rivers South America:
Name and show on the map the major river systems of South America. Which oceans do they belong to? Why do all the major rivers of South America flow into the Atlantic Ocean? Are most of the rivers in South America flat or mountainous?
3. Learning new material
So, we have to travel on flat terrain, which means that we do not need special equipment. Average January temperatures tell us not to bring warm clothes. In the equatorial belt, rain clouds gather in the afternoon, which means that we are not in danger of falling under a tropical downpour either.
So, go! As a means of transportation, we offer you a high-speed vessel - a comfortable motor ship "Don".
Help determine the route of our trip! Through what seas and straits will it pass?
n The first destination of our journey is the Amazon. This is the largest river in South America, the deepest river in the world and the longest.
One of the locals will tell us about it
The area from which the Amazon collects water is almost equal to the area of Australia - 7 million km²! The river pours 120 thousand m³ of water into the Atlantic Ocean every second. In terms of fullness, the Amazon is equal to the Congo, Mississippi, Yangtze and Ob combined!
The river is born in the Andes. If we consider the Ucayali River as the source of the Amazon, then the length of the river is 6280 km (this is the second result in the world after the Nile). However, according to the latest data, its length, together with Apacheta, is 7025 km (that is, longer than the Nile!).
Throughout its length, the Amazon receives about 500 tributaries.
At low water, the width of the river near the city of Manaus is 5 km, and the depth is 50 m. In the lower reaches, the width of the Amazon is more than 50 km, and the depth is up to 100 m. Not every sea has such depths! The Amazon, indeed, seems like a sea: standing on one side, it is completely impossible to see the other!
Where did the name of the river come from? The story is like this.
In 1542 a detachment of Spanish conquerors moved from the western shores of South America to the east, deep into the mainland and, having crossed high mountains, came to the banks of a large river. There the Spaniards saw an Indian village, whose inhabitants had long hair and were dressed in short skirts. It was not possible to rob the village, as the invaders received a due rebuff. Due to their unusual appearance and militancy, the Spaniards mistook the locals for the Amazons from ancient Greek myth. Hence the name of the large and full-flowing river - the Amazon.
Since the Amazon is located in the equatorial zone, eternal summer reigns there. Of course, the waters of the Amazon are rich in life. Fish are especially diverse - there are about 2000 species.
o The Amazon is home to, for example, pyrarucu fish, or, as it is also called, giant red fish. Some of its specimens are about 5 m long and weigh up to 200 kg! The heavy and massive body of these fish is colored greenish near the head, and bright red closer to the tail. They hunt her with arrows and spears.
o Interestingly, the smallest fish in the world are also found here - colorfully colored guppies, and other "aquarium" fish.
o Yet the most famous fish in South America are piranhas. These are the most dangerous fish, reaching only 30 cm in length. Powerful jaws and sharp teeth allow them to cut a piece of meat like a razor. Piranhas always attack in a pack and, attracted by any splash of water or smelling blood, they immediately rush at any creature that dares to enter the water. Hordes of these "fish-wolves" are able to devour a bull in a few minutes
o Other predators also live here: stingrays, armed with sharp spikes filled with deadly poison for humans; electric eels, which can "treat" the enemy with a discharge of 600 volts, crocodiles, as well as small fish kaner, the size of a finger, capable of climbing into the bodies of animals and people.
o An interesting plant grows in the quiet backwaters of the river - Victoria Regia water lily. Its rounded leaves have a diameter of up to 2 m, powerful membranes make the leaf very durable, able to withstand weight up to 50 kg!
n And now let's try to answer the question: how to explain the exceptional fullness of the river?
n Find the Amazon River in contour maps, sign its name.
n And in your notebooks, write down in what way the Amazon is the “world record holder”?
Check notes in notebook
PHYSICAL MINUTE FOR EYES
n Our ship, driven by the Brazilian current, passed along the east coast of South America. Now it enters La Plata Bay and rises up the Paraná River.
It is characterized by a pronounced seasonality of the regime. Lots of rapids and waterfalls
Local
n One of the tributaries of the Parana is the Iguazu Falls. This is the most Iguazu falls in two main cascades, but there are 275 waterfalls in total in the system! A monstrous mass of water overthrows Iguazu - 12766 tons per second! It is no coincidence that its name from the language of the Iguarani Indians is translated as "big water".
the widest waterfall on Earth - its width is 2.7 km at a height of 72
n On outline maps, label the Parana River and the Iguazu Falls.
To reach the next point of our journey, we suggest you take a seat on the plane. Our course is to the north of the mainland.
o In the Orinoco River basin, on the Churun River, there is the highest waterfall on Earth - Angel (height 1054 m), discovered in 1935. Angel is located in one of the most remote and inaccessible places in South America. A mountain range 3000 m high is cut off by a sheer rock wall. The approaches to the wall are blocked by impenetrable jungle. The Indians considered these places forbidden.
n On contour maps, show the Orinoco River and Angel Falls, and indicate its height in parentheses.
The next point of our journey is high in the Andes.
o Lake Titicaca is the largest freshwater lake in South America. This is the largest of the alpine lakes of the Earth. It is located at an altitude of 3812 m. In the Inca language, it is called "Lead Rock"
o The legends of the Incas about submerged treasures have long excited the imagination of historians, archaeologists and treasure hunters. According to one legend, the Incas, having collected all the gold, cast a golden chain from it and, so that the enemy, the Spaniards, did not get the treasure, they threw it into the lake, which, as they believed, had no bottom.
o The technically well-equipped French expedition of Jacques Yves Cousteau, who had submarines, after 8 weeks of searching, found that there were no treasures at the bottom of the lake. The expedition measured the depth of the "bottomless" lake - 320 m.
Our next destination is Lake Maracaibo.
o Brackish, located in Venezuela
o Altitude 0 m
o Mirror area 13210 km²
o Maximum depth 60 m
o Volume 280 km³
The basin of Lake Maracaibo has large oil reserves, as a result of which the lake serves as a source of wealth for Venezuela. A specially dug deep channel in the lake allows ocean-going ships to enter there. The 8 km bridge of General Rafael Urdaneta (completed in 1962), thrown across the strait to the sea, is one of the longest bridges in the world
n Draw outline maps for Lake Titicaca and Maracaibo
It's time for us to return. We visited the water bodies of South America, got acquainted with their natural characteristics, got an idea about these objects. All the rivers we have seen. You showed lakes, waterfalls in your route sheets - contour maps.
And in conclusion, to check whether you really have the right idea about the inland waters of South America, we offer you a small game called "Sinkwine".
So, cinquain is 5 lines:
Title, keyword; Two adjectives referring to the word being defined; Three verbs; A phrase that carries a certain meaning; Summary, one word.
Homework
n § 47 c/c p.
n* p.149 c. 3 or make a crossword on the topic
Reflection
Rose of Wind
I have learned a lot of new things
I was comfortable
I was bored
I didn't learn anything new
Lesson Objectives:
- the formation of students' ideas and knowledge about the features of the nature of South America;
– to find out the most important features of rivers; establish cause-and-effect relationships of rivers and lakes with relief and climate,
- to form an idea of the main features of the rivers and lakes of the mainland - the properties, nature of the flow, sources of food and regime, distribution over the territory of the mainland.
Lesson objectives:
- to consolidate the skills and abilities to work with atlas maps, contour maps;
– to continue the formation of skills to establish cause-and-effect relationships;
- to cultivate an ecological culture;
- to instill skills of self-control of knowledge;
- develop independent thinking;
- development of persistent interest in the subject;
Educational visual complex:
Major right tributaries
Countries located in the river basin
Largest cities
human use of the river.
Option!. Congo and Parana.
Option 2. Nile and Amazon.
Option 3. Zambezi and Orinoco.
Annex 2. Statistical materials.
Major rivers in South America.
|
Name |
Length, km. |
Pool area. thousand km² |
Tributaries. |
|
Amazon |
6437 |
7180 |
Madeira, Jourua, Purus, Rio Negro, Tocantins Aragual |
|
Paraná |
4380 |
2663 |
Paraguay, Iguazu |
|
Madeira |
4100 |
1360 |
Aripuanan, Mamore |
|
Zhurua |
3280 |
224 |
Tarahuaca |
|
Purus |
3200 |
365 |
Pawnee, Akri |
|
Tocantins |
2850 |
770 |
Araguaia |
|
Orinoco |
2730 |
1086 |
Apure |
|
San Francisco |
2800 |
600 |
Rio Grande |
Largest waterfalls in South America.
Largest lakes in South America.
|
Name |
Area, km² |
Depth, m |
|
Maracaibo |
16300 |
250 |
|
Patus |
10145 |
--------- |
|
Titicaca |
8300 |
304 |
|
Lagoa Mirim |
2965 |
-------- |
|
Poopo |
2530 |
3 |
Appendix 3
Self-control sheet.
Inland waters of South America.
“It is known that the only way to knowledge is activity” Bernard Shaw.
Last name, first name.______________________________________ .Task 1. "Digital dictation".
Answer: 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-.
Assessment for the completed task _________________ (maximum score-6)
Task 2. "Checking the assimilation of geographical nomenclature"
Grade for the completed task ______________________ (maximum score - 7).
Task 3. Determine the coordinates.
Option 1 - Angel Falls, Option 2 - Iguazu Falls.
Evaluation for the completed task _________________________. (correct answer -4 points).
Task 4.
Using statistical materials, atlases, textbooks, fill in the table.
|
№ |
The name of the river. |
Major tributaries |
Pool area |
River length. |
The main type of food. |
Flood period. |
|
1 |
Amazon. | |||||
|
2. |
Parana. | |||||
|
3. |
Orinoco. |
Assessment for the completed task ____________________________ (maximum score -15 points)
Task 5. Check your knowledge on tests.
Answers. 1- , 2- , 3 - , 4- .
Assessment for the completed task _________________________ (maximum score -4)
Grade for the lesson ________________ "5" - more than 35 points, "4" - from 35 to 25 points, "3" - from 24-10 points, "2" - below 10 points.
Greeting the teacher: “Good afternoon, guys! Sit down. Check if you are ready for the lesson? Geography textbooks, workbooks, an atlas and a contour map, writing materials should lie on the table. So let's get started!
Check Homework Strategy (Talking Heads) (AB)
1. Reasons for the predominance of high temperatures in the northern part of South America. Geographical position.
2. The nature of the distribution of precipitation on the mainland. Uneven.
3. A belt where the climate in summer is formed under the influence of tropical air masses, creating hot, dry weather with rare showers, and in winter, westerly winds bring moderate air and heavy precipitation from the ocean with a predominance of cloudy, warm, rainy weather. Subtropical.
4. Climate, where winters are relatively warm, with temperatures of +4°, +6° С, with cloudy, windy weather, and summers are humid, cool, with frequent rains at an air temperature of +8°, +10° С, more than 2000 mm of precipitation falls in a year. Moderate maritime.
5. The desert in South America, where not a drop of rain falls for years, is considered one of the driest places in the world. Atacama.
6. The mainland, with the climate of which South America has much in common. Africa.
1. Subtropical.
2.Atakama.
3.Uneven.
4.Geographic location.
6. Moderate marine.
Key to answers. 1-4.2-3.3-1.4-6.5-2.6-5. For one correct answer - 1 point,
During the classes
If across the ocean
Swim to the other side
You get to the mainland
"South America"
And on that mainland
There is a deep river
Of the famous rivers in the world
The widest.
“What is your name, river?...” –
You scream out loud
And in response, from afar -
You can hear "Amazon!..."
I'm in a great mood today. What mood are you guys in? Show the character that suits your mood. (Choose emoticon)
And I see that we will work together!
The US National Agency NASA, in the course of aerospace research of life on other planets, came to an unconditional conclusion: water is the main condition for life. Therefore, where it rains, there is life, and where it does not, there is a desert. There is so much water around us that we take it for granted and believe that it is “just water” .
(Demonstration of lake, river, waterfall views).
Guys, how can you call all these waters in one word? (ATinterior waters). Have you guessed about the waters of which continent we will talk about today?
So we decided on the topic of our today's lesson.
Every person is born a dreamer and a traveler. However, in real life, not everyone manages to become a participant in discoveries, and then our hearts respond with sadness to the lines of Robert Rozhdestvensky:
“I regret that I did not see the face of the whole earth,
All its oceans, peaks and sunsets.
Only the sail of a dream led my ships around the world,
Only in the glass of shop windows did I meet albatrosses and stingrays.
I didn't hear Big Ben strike the hour in London
I did not see how the stars slide down to the fjords lower and lower,
As the bitter snow of the Atlantic foam boils astern
And at the beginning of spring, violets are blue in Paris. "(Slide 1 and 2)
Indeed, not every one of us in real life can make a trip, especially to such distant ones. And geography lessons allow us, albeit in absentia, to make such trips, expand knowledge about the world around us, and make discoveries together with great travelers.
Today we will make a trip along the rivers and lakes of South America. This will be the topic of the lesson (slide 3 and 4).
During our trip, we will be helped by the route sheet, which consists of 6 educational elements. After overcoming each of them, you will evaluate your knowledge, through self- and mutual verification. Estimates will be put on the evaluation sheet (slide 5).
Going on a trip, we will take backpacks with us and throughout the lesson we will replenish them with knowledge, skills and abilities. The size of the backpack will depend on the number of points you get for the lesson.
So the journey begins.
Let's turn to the first educational element (UE-1).
Purpose: to determine the initial level of knowledge about rivers and lakes; be able to explain the meaning of the concepts studied.
Task: perform a geographical dictation on the topic “River system” (slide 6).
Students work independently. After completing the dictation, the students' answers are checked with the correct answers (slide 7).
Correction of knowledge (Which question caused the greatest difficulty?)
Students put self-assessment on the assessment sheet under EC-1. (Attachment 1)
Let's move on to learning element 2 (UE-2).
What is its purpose?
Students find UE-2 in the route sheet and read out its goal.
What is needed to achieve it?
Students answer: “Prepare oral answers to questions using the atlas.” (Slide 8)
Sample student responses:
On the territory of the mainland, the Amazon, Parana, Orinoco rivers flow.
They belong to the Atlantic Ocean.
All major rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean, since in the west there are the Andes mountains (they are a watershed).
Since the rivers flow through the lowlands, the nature of their flow is flat.
The Amazon River is full of water all year round, as it flows in the equatorial belt. The Orinoco and Parana rivers are full in summer, as they flow in the subequatorial belt.
Rivers are fed by rain. (Slide 9)
Student's message about the Amazon River. (Slides 10-13)
(The Amazon is the largest in the world in terms of basin size, fullness and length. It is formed by the confluence of the Marañon and Ucayali rivers. The length from the main source of Maranion is 6437 km, from the source of Ucayali over 7000 km. The basin area is 7180 thousand square kilometers. In 2011, according to the results of the world The Amazon is recognized as one of the seven natural wonders of the world.Flowing mostly through the Amazonian lowland, it flows into the Atlantic Ocean, forming the world's largest delta (area over 100 thousand square kilometers and including the world's largest river island Marajo. The Amazon is 80 kilometers wide , and its depth at Obidus is 135 meters (approximately the average depth of the Baltic Sea).
Amazonia surprises with the richness of flora and fauna.
Pink dolphins and bullfish live here, the length of which reaches 4 meters, weight - 500 kilograms. The famous predator - piranha fish - is also an inhabitant of these places.
The Amazon is the birthplace of the largest water lily on our planet - Victoria Regia. Europeans discovered it in 1864 and named it Victoria Regia. The name was given in honor of the British Queen Victoria, which means “Royal Victoria” or “Magnificent Victoria”. Each of its leaves can reach a diameter of 2 meters and can withstand weight up to 50 kilograms. It is grown in the largest botanical gardens. In Russia, only in 3 cities - St. Petersburg, Sochi and Lipetsk. It blooms only at night, and one flower lasts only 2 nights, so seeing this sight is a great success.
We proceed to the third educational element (UE-3).
Purpose: to form knowledge about the lakes of South America, their features, location; develop memory; remember what you read.
Students work individually. After completion of the work, verification
(exchange notebooks in pairs), rate each other on the evaluation sheet under UE-3 (slide 14) and (Appendix 1).
Let's move on to learning element 4 (UE-4).
Purpose: development of skills to work with a contour map.
Students draw rivers and lakes, Iguazu Falls and Angel Falls on contour maps.
One student does this work on a cool outline map. Students check the correctness of the assignment according to the model made on the classroom contour map (slide 15). Students evaluate their work and enter the assessment in the evaluation sheet under EC-4 (Appendix 1).
Let's start learning element 5 (LE-5).
Students are invited to find the purpose of the educational element, complete the task and enter the results in a table (Appendix 1). Verify the correctness of the answers (slide 16). Put self-assessment in the assessment sheet under UE-5 (Appendix 1).
We pass to the last educational element (UE-6).
Purpose: Summarizing.
Students must answer two questions.
Name and show the largest river systems in South America; list their features.
Name and point out the lakes of South America.
Sample answers:
The Amazon, Parana, Orinoco rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, are flat, fed by rain. The Amazon is full of water all year round. Parana and Orinoco - in the summer. On the Orinoco River is the highest waterfall in the world - Angel. Iguazu Falls on the Parana River.
Lake Titicaca and Maracaibo. Maracaibo is a lagoon lake located in the north and connected by a narrow channel to the Caribbean Sea. In the Andes, there is the highest mountain lake in the world - Titicaca (tectonic origin, depth 304 meters). (Slide 17)
Do you agree that if you received:
Large backpack - learned the material completely,
Medium backpack - partially learned,
Little - learned little, still needs to work.
Choose your homework (slide 19).
Thank you for your work. The lesson is over.
Route sheet (Appendix)
Pinning (Chineward) (AB) if there is time left
1 option
1. The largest lagoon lake, which is located in the north of the mainland.
2. Great, green and terrible inhabitant of the waters of the Amazon.
3. Waterfall on the Guiana Plateau, 1054 meters high.
5. Alpine lake.
6. Very, very long and lives in water.
8. Waterfall in the south of the Brazilian plateau.
9. One of the largest rivers in South America.
Chineword "Inland Waters of South America"
Option 2
1. Waterfall in the south of the Brazilian plateau.
2. The largest lake-lagoon, which is located in the north of the mainland.
3. One of the largest rivers in South America.
4. Great, green and terrible inhabitant of the waters of the Amazon.
5 . Waterfall on the Orinoco River, 1054 meters high.
7. Small, but very voracious fish, whose teeth can be envied.
8. Alpine lake.
9. Very, very long and lives in water.
Reflection (sun and cloud)
The new material was not difficult for you, is it clear?
You know the map of South America well enough
Express in words: this lesson for me was ....
Lesson grades
Homework: paragraph 39
Additional messages: records of the organic world of South America (largest spider, Hercules beetle, largest aquatic plant, etc.) Contour maps