Special Forces Day 24 October. Day of special forces units in the Russian Federation

Every year on October 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Units special purpose(SpN) is a professional holiday for all Russian military personnel of special forces. This is a relatively young Russian professional holiday, it was established on May 31, 2006 on the basis of a decree by President Vladimir Putin.

The date of the new holiday was not chosen by chance. It was on this day in 1950 that the Minister of War of the USSR, Marshal Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky, signed the directive marked "secret". This directive provided for the creation of special forces units in the Soviet Union ( deep exploration or special-purpose reconnaissance) for operations deep in the rear of a potential enemy. Vasilevsky ordered to create in as soon as possible(until May 1, 1951) as part of the armed forces, 46 special forces companies with a staff of 120 people each. They were to be created in all military districts, fleets and groups of troops. The order was executed and already on May 1, 1951, the Armed Forces Soviet Union were composed of special forces units total strength more than 5.5 thousand people.

Wherein combat use various military formations, who performed special and reconnaissance tasks behind enemy lines, has a very rich history. There have always been people in Russia who went behind enemy lines with special missions and carried out their dangerous and very dangerous task at the risk of their lives. hard work. AT different time national history they were scouts, Cossacks, flying hussars, scouts. A historical example of such special forces is the horse-chasseur teams of Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev, which were intended for special operations and reconnaissance behind enemy lines. In addition, with successful partisan actions, he began his military career and the future Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov.

The emergence of special intelligence in our country can be attributed to the years civil war, the period of opposition of the Red Army to the White Guard formations and interventionists. The reason for this was the creation in March 1918 of a special reconnaissance department, which was mainly engaged in organizing reconnaissance and sabotage work behind enemy lines.

In the 1930s, in the event of a future war in the Soviet Union, in the border districts, on the basis of engineering and sapper units, sabotage and partisan detachments and groups were trained, which received the name of sapper-camouflage platoons. Also, taking into account the experience of the civil war in Spain, the leadership of the Intelligence Directorate of the Headquarters of the Red Army in 1939 proposed to create as part of the border districts separate companies special purpose.

During the Great Patriotic War as part of numerous fronts and in the fleet, a large number of special military units designed to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage operations behind enemy lines. Many of them were designated as separate detachments or separate brigades of a special (special) purpose. At the same time, during the war years, 5360 groups of intelligence agencies were abandoned in the German rear.

After the end of World War II, the decisive factor that determined the course further development and the use of the armed forces, was the appearance mass destruction, as well as various means its delivery. For timely detection and defeat nuclear weapons a potential enemy, as well as its means of delivery, special army units, which could effectively conduct reconnaissance and sabotage operations behind enemy lines. Such army units were created by May 1, 1951. And in 1953, the creation began military units Special Forces in the Navy. Initially, 7 naval reconnaissance divisions were created in the USSR, which in the future were transformed into reconnaissance posts special purpose.

The subsequent complication of the world military-political situation demanded from the high military command of the USSR to strengthen intelligence in the operational-tactical depth. To solve this problem in the country in 1962, the process of forming separate special forces brigades began. In the 1970s and 80s in Soviet army There were already 13 special forces brigades. It was during these years that their active combat work, which took place outside our country - in Angola, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Ethiopia, Vietnam and Cuba. Over the years, the country has been able to systematize and debug the mechanisms and methods of training future special forces. The outbreak of war in Afghanistan also required the dispatch of special forces soldiers there. As part of a limited contingent of Soviet troops in this country, 8 special forces operated, which were organizationally combined into two brigades. These units of the special forces performed the following tasks in Afghanistan: the destruction of detachments and caravans of the Mujahideen, reconnaissance, detection and inspection of caravans, mining the routes of movement of gangs and caravan trails, installation of reconnaissance and signaling equipment.

Already in modern Russian history special forces units during the two Chechen campaigns successfully solved their immediate tasks, conducting sabotage and reconnaissance and search and ambush activities in the republic. At the same time, in April 2001, for special distinction in battles within the framework of ensuring the security and integrity of Russia, the 22nd separate brigade special purpose Russian army was awarded the title of Guards. It was the first military unit in Russia, who was awarded this honorary title after the end of the Great Patriotic War.

Modern divisions special purpose are designed to conduct subversive, sabotage, reconnaissance and special operations on enemy territory. AT war time special forces are able to solve the tasks of reconnaissance, destruction and capture of important objects, elimination of important persons, conducting psychological operations, as well as organizing partisan operations behind enemy lines. Even in the most difficult and non-standard situations, special forces demonstrate a very high level of their vocational training, personal courage and fortitude, worthily withstand all tests and tests of strength, which by right could earn respect and honor not only among representatives of the military fraternity, but also among ordinary Russian citizens.

Main Feature The special purpose units are their relatively small number, excellent level of training, surprise, audacity, initiative, speed of decision-making, and coordination of actions. Special Forces soldiers are able to skillfully use a wide range of weapons and military equipment, combine their shock and maneuver capabilities, make the most of the protective properties of the terrain, perform tasks at any time of the day and at any weather conditions.

Special forces units and units of the GRU General Staff of the Armed Forces (detachments, groups, separate battalions, regiments and brigades) played a very important role during Afghan war, military operations in Tajikistan, in operations on the territory of Chechnya, as well as in other hot spots. This is also confirmed by the fact that their military work was highly noted by the military-political leadership of the country. For the heroism and courage that were shown in the performance of special tasks, more than 20 thousand special forces soldiers were awarded various orders and medals. Including 8 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union, another 39 people - Heroes Russian Federation.

On this day, the Military Review team congratulates all Russian servicemen of special forces units, as well as special forces veterans on their professional holiday. Your service is a symbiosis of steadfastness, courage, determination, unparalleled heroism and self-sacrifice, readiness to always come to the aid of comrades.

Based on materials from open sources

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Special Forces Day (Special Forces Day) is celebrated in the Russian Federation annually on October 24. In addition to this date, the "Day of special forces units of the Armed Forces of Russia" (August 29) and the "Day of special forces police units" are also celebrated.

In 1918, to fight the rebels and the Basmachi Central Asia troops were created special purpose who became the ancestor modern troops special purpose. The structure and names of these troops have changed several times in their history, but the essence has remained unchanged - these are groups of highly qualified military personnel designed to search for and detain especially dangerous armed criminals, eliminate gangs, free hostages and other actions requiring a high level of training.

A distinctive feature of special forces units is mobility, responsiveness, and coordination of actions. As a recognition of the special merits of the special forces units in ensuring stability in the country, October 24 was established by the decree of the President as the Day of Special Forces Units.

Spetsnaz also has a second birthday - August 29th. This day marks the Day of Special Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On August 29, 1957, 5 special-purpose battalions were formed.

Do you know why the beret of a commando is called not red, crimson, or something else, but maroon? And this is from the word "sprinkled." It is sprinkled with the blood of those who died serving in special forces. What maroon beret for the special forces? It is a symbol of courage and stamina of a fighter. Said not for the red word. Not without reason, when the fighters were presented with a choice - an order or a beret, many chose the latter.

According to Alexander Zimin, the chairman of the Union of Special Forces Veterans "Brotherhood of Maroon Berets", there will be fifteen of them in the union. Awarded with a maroon beret - along with him - only five. For example, my second interlocutor, reserve private Pavel Usachev, who was awarded three combat medals, admitted that he did not have such a beret. This, of course, does not mean that he is not worthy. It’s just that the price of a maroon beret is sometimes more expensive than orders.

I really want to wish the special forces on their professional holiday nerves of steel, strong muscles, endurance and constant good luck. Let each task be on your shoulder, and the guardian angel and the shoulder of a comrade protect you from turmoil and blunders. May all the good that you do in the service be doubly returned to you at home.

I want to congratulate you on the Day of Special Forces and leave wishes of good health and iron patience, courageous deeds and respect. Let luck, determination, courage, perseverance and optimism accompany everything in life.

I congratulate you on the Day of Special Forces Units and sincerely wish you to fight for your rights and principles as a brave lion, to prove yourself worthy in any business, to boldly and confidently go to lofty goals and always nullify any existing danger to the situation or to life in general.

There are various special forces and service in them is honorable, so we congratulate everyone related to them and wish you to always be proud of your work. May what you do not be in vain.

I wish all the special forces of our country strong muscles, healthy nerves, endurance and good luck. Let your work bring not only benefits to all citizens of the country, but also worthy material rewards for you and your family. Let all the good and right things that you do in the service be doubly returned to you. Happy holiday to you! Happy Special Forces Day!

You are a special forces officer. And I want to congratulate you on your professional holiday and wish you only one thing: always return home safe and sound, to where you are expected and loved!

Any profession always leaves its mark on a person. What to say about those who serve in the special forces. To you, one of the valiant representatives of this important subdivision of internal organs, this is a strict and calm expression on your face, because behind it lies a heightened sense of justice, prudence, courage and determination! But I ask you: smile! And may Fortune smile on you in return! Let her be yours faithful companion and leads you through life away from troubles and sorrows!

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The beginning of the history of special forces in Russia is considered to be the creation in 1918 of special forces - CHON. They were subordinate to the Cheka and were intended to fight the Basmachi in Central Asia and the rebels on the territory of Russia proper.

In the future, special units were mainly located in the Cheka (NKVD - MGB - KGB). On October 24, 1950, the Minister of War of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky issued a directive ordering the formation of 46 special-purpose companies with a staff of 120 people by May 1, 1951. Over time, structure and quantitative composition army special forces changed more than once, but the essence of its purpose, in principle, always remained the same.

Now special forces are paramilitary units of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Emergencies, the Ministry of Justice and other federal bodies state power(detachments, groups, reinforced groups) that have their own code names("Alpha", "Vityaz", "Vympel", "Rus"). They are intended for counter-terrorist actions, actions to search for and detain especially dangerous and armed criminals, liquidate criminal groups, free hostages and conduct other special operations.

Distinctive features of special forces units

Special status within the sectoral department. The specificity of the activities of special forces leaves its mark on the units of this category within the ministry, department, army or navy, depending on departmental affiliation. The activity of each such division is enshrined in a separate regulatory legal act. Special Features require more specific weapons, equipment, equipment, transport, which affects higher funding, unlike regular units. The level of combat training requires an enhanced training base and separate training centers.

High level of moral, psychological, ideological, physical and combat training personnel. Special Forces units, as a rule, perform tasks in specific conditions, which require a high level of training.

Availability of special means of defense and attack. Special Forces units have weapons, equipment and vehicles with narrowly focused characteristics, higher than those available in the branch department in the state. This is due, again, to the tasks assigned to the special forces. From an economic point of view, it is not advisable to equip regular units with expensive equipment. In addition, special forces have narrowly targeted means (for example, special means reconnaissance, special assault weapons). Given that the training of special forces personnel has higher costs, there is a need for higher security, which requires more technological means of protection, life support and evacuation.

Judging from the economic side, the life of a special forces soldier is several orders of magnitude more valuable than the life of an ordinary soldier of a general purpose unit.

Ability to perform tasks autonomously under extreme conditions.

Each state has specially trained groups to carry out the most important tasks. There are such divisions in Russia. They are engaged in anti-terrorist actions, liquidate criminal groups and gangs, free hostages, search for and capture extremely dangerous criminals, and also participate in other especially important operations. Many are familiar with the names of some groups, such as Alpha, Vityazi, Rus, Vympel. It is to the servicemen who wear maroon berets that this holiday is dedicated.

When they celebrate

Special Forces Day is celebrated on October 24. In 2019, the date is celebrated for the 14th time. On May 31, 2006, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin 549 "On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", an annual celebration of this event was established.

Who is celebrating

The day of special forces units in 2019 is celebrated by all servicemen and veterans of units ground forces, fleet and aviation, gendarmerie, police, internal troops prepared according to a special program for special operations.

history of the holiday

The date of the event is symbolic meaning. On October 24, 1950, the Minister of War of the USSR issued a top-secret directive No. ORG / 2/395/832, according to which by May 1, 1951, it was necessary to create 46 special forces companies of 120 military personnel. The document was ratified by Marshal A. Vasilevsky. It was thanks to this directive that the army special forces were created. Many times the structure and composition of these units have changed, but the goals and objectives facing them have remained unchanged.

About the profession

The servicemen of the army special forces of Russia are engaged in active reconnaissance, detection and destruction of saboteurs, and conducting operations behind enemy lines. They have strong spirit and a solid character, quick reaction and a sharp eye.

Parts of special purpose (CHON) began to create in 1918. They were directly subordinate to the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission and fought the Basmachi in Central Asia and the people's armed forces.

In special forces units it is forbidden to prick tattoos. Therefore, only after leaving the service, military personnel can make a drawing bat(emblem military intelligence) or any other pattern.

Only the elite can get a maroon beret. To do this, you must pass the preliminary and main test. The first one includes theoretical knowledge and fire, physical and tactical training. The main test consists of 7 stages: forced march from 10 kilometers with overcoming obstacles (shelling, water barrier, swamp, evacuation of the wounded, and so on), the passage of a special strip with smoke immediately after the forced march, then high-speed shooting, assault on skyscrapers, acrobatic exercises, performing a complex of special exercises and, finally, holding a duel.

The budget of Russian special forces is spent only on improving the level of training of military personnel, while 20% of the similar US budget is spent on improving the image of the Rangers, that is, on propaganda around the world.

Every year on October 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Special Forces armed forces RF. This holiday is very young. Its appearance in the holiday calendar is directly related to the 549th presidential decree, signed on May 31, 2006. The decree determined the list of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The very same date, October 24, as the Day units of the Special Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are usually associated with such an event as the signing by the Minister of War of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky of a secret directive on the creation of special forces units for operations deep in the rear of a probable (potential) enemy. The directive aimed at the formation of more than 5.5 thousand personnel of 46 special-purpose companies. According to the letter of the directive, it was necessary to report on the results of the formation to the minister by May 1, 1951. As you can see, the framework was set very rigid.

However, the rigidity of the time frame did not prevent the creation of the required number of army special forces units, which by 1951 had been formed in all Soviet military districts without any exception. Special purpose companies also appeared in the fleets of the Soviet Union to increase the combat capability of naval units and formations.

The need to create special forces units in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union was primarily associated with the emergence and activities of NATO. After all, Vasilevsky's directive itself was born just a few months after a number of Western states (Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Canada, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the USA and France) announced the creation of the North Atlantic military bloc. The Soviet leadership, realizing that the military alliance to the west of the borders of the USSR is not being created out of the best of intentions, decides to start work aimed at creating its own countermeasures system. What the opposition first of the USSR and NATO, then the countries of the Warsaw Pact and NATO resulted in, is well known to everyone, but this, as they say, is a completely different story.

Of course, there is no reason to believe that until 1950 (that is, before the appearance of the secret directive of Marshal of the USSR A.M. Vasilevsky) in our country there was not a single serviceman who performed the tasks that a representative of the special forces cohort of the Armed Forces was called upon to perform. So, back in 1916, as part of the troops Russian Empire the so-called OMBON was created. The decoding of this abbreviation is as follows: Separate naval brigade special purpose. The special purpose brigade included, as the name implies, naval officers. And since then, the domestic army special forces began their long journey, on which there were both their triumphs and very tragic events.

Servicemen of special forces units of the USSR Armed Forces and the RF Armed Forces took part in combat operations during various conflicts. A special page in the history of army special forces, of course, is connected with the fulfillment of international duty in the Republic of Afghanistan. As part of a limited contingent of Soviet troops on the territory of the DRA ( Democratic Republic Afghanistan) operated a variety of units and formations special forces, including parts of combat service, which include, for example, the 19th engineer-sapper battalion or the 2088th separate battalion barriers. The units of the army special forces in Afghanistan are, first of all, of course, the formations of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces.

Army special forces units proved themselves during both Chechen campaigns, when at times they had to confront enemy forces that outnumbered the Special Forces units of the RF Armed Forces by a multiple.

The main feature of special forces units is their relatively small composition, in the presence of each fighter not only excellent in all respects military training, but also special qualities of a psychological nature: decisiveness, initiative, the ability to act effectively in a team.

Today, the staffing of special forces units is made from professional military personnel. The reduction in the term of conscript service and the growth in the number of contract soldiers in the Russian army also played a role here.

A modern special forces fighter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is a person who is fluent in various types, understands the nuances of mine-explosive business, effectively uses optical-electronic devices in order to monitor the enemy. For some time now, special forces soldiers have been trained in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, which allow reconnaissance of enemy combat positions and infrastructure.

The Ministry of Defense gives an additional description to the military personnel of the units of the Russian Special Forces:

The personnel of special forces units perform landing from airplanes and helicopters, including parachute jumps into the water, at night, from high altitudes with oxygen devices and sliding along the horizon, followed by access to the object.

Particular attention in the combat training of special forces is given to physical training. Each of them is fluent in the techniques of throwing piercing and cutting objects, as well as hand-to-hand combat, which is based on elements of domestic combat sambo, other effective martial arts, in particular, karate and jiu-jitsu.

Thanks to high level combat training and equipment, there are no impossible combat missions for special forces units.

Special Forces units of the RF Armed Forces are actively re-equipping. So for the year in the Central Military District, the special forces received 24 Tigr-M SpN ​​armored vehicles, which have the fifth class of ballistic protection in the frontal projection and the third class in the aft and side projections.

Special Forces soldiers have increased the frequency of exercises. In particular, literally on the eve of his professional holiday special forces units of the Southern Military District were involved in a special tactical exercise that took place on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory.

From the press service of the Southern Military District on the course of the exercise:

During the exercise, the crews of the Mi-8AMTSh transport and combat helicopters of the air base of the Southern Military District carried out a covert transfer and landing of a tactical airborne assault to the specified area.

After landing by the landing method, the military personnel of the Special Forces units in fully equipped made a 10-kilometer forced march across rough terrain to the area of ​​the counter-terrorist operation.

According to the teaching locality, consisting of 10 residential buildings and infrastructure facilities, was captured by a conditional illegal armed formation (IAF) with a total number of about 30 people. In order to free the hostages, the assault squads blocked the settlement and destroyed the militants.

Before the start of active operations, reconnaissance of the area was carried out using an unmanned aerial vehicle. aircraft. The special forces also practiced reconnaissance and search operations, as a result of which information about the enemy was obtained.

To create a situation as close as possible to combat, during the assault on the positions of a conditional illegal armed formation, imitation mines "Im-100M" and smoke devices were used.

The servicemen worked out the procedure for the destruction of a bandit formation in woodland, actions in the rear, the organization of ambushes and observation posts in the conditions of the use of sabotage and reconnaissance groups by the enemy.

About 300 military personnel took part in the special tactical exercise, up to 30 pieces of weapons and military equipment were involved.

"Military Review" congratulates the military personnel and veterans of the units of the Special Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (USSR) on their professional holiday!