Skills of combat training in the army. What is the need for drill training in the modern army. "Fundamentals of Military Service". Preparation for practical exercises on the basis of a military unit

The concept of educational work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation states that, despite the development of military equipment and weapons, the decisive role in the war still belongs to man, his military spirit and ability to fight. Any brave man can get confused in a real combat situation, make a wrong move in the confusion, and this mistake can turn into a disaster. To prevent this from happening, drill training is required, which brings up the ability to quickly respond to orders and brings all the actions of a fighter to automaticity. As seasoned fighters who have passed through hot spots say, a good level of drill training forms a set of signals that a soldier performs automatically and understands without explanation. “Without properly organized combat training, it is difficult to achieve clear actions for soldiers in modern combat. Now, when subunits and units are saturated with complex equipment, when the role of collective weapons in combat has increased significantly, the level of combat training should be especially high, ”the Concept of Educational Work in the RF Armed Forces states.

9. DRILL

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Drill training is one of the main subjects of military training and education. Drill training disciplines military personnel, develops in them the speed and clarity of actions in armament and equipment, and also contributes to the acquisition of skills that are necessary in the classroom for tactical, fire, special training and other subjects of study. It includes single drill training without weapons and with weapons, drill coordination of units on foot and in vehicles, drill reviews and the fulfillment of the requirements of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in everyday life.

Classes in many subjects of combat training are directly related to the actions of personnel in the ranks: formations, movements and various reorganizations. The quality of training largely depends on how the tank commanders themselves fulfill the requirements of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The charter obliges commanders to specify the time, place, formation order, uniform and equipment, as well as what weapons, military and other equipment to have before formation. This requirement brings, first of all, clarity, clarity and organization before the personnel go to classes. In addition, the commander must check the presence of subordinates, weapons, military equipment, ammunition, personal protective equipment and trench tools in the ranks. Subordinates should be checked for appearance, availability and correct fit of equipment.

The squad leader is obliged to constantly maintain discipline in the ranks, to demand the exact execution of commands and signals by the unit and for the performance by the military of their duties in the ranks. When giving commands in the ranks on the spot, the commander takes the position "at attention".

When building squads with equipment, commanders are obliged to inspect it, check the availability and serviceability of equipment for transporting personnel, as well as the correct fastening of the transported (towed) materiel and stowage of property. When driving, observe the established rules, distance and speed.

The main tasks of the squad leader in the training process are: timely identification of shortcomings and errors in the performance of techniques and the discovery of their causes; elimination of shortcomings in the course of each lesson and daily life; constant high demands on oneself and subordinates.

BASICS OF THE METHOD OF DRILL TRAINING

A commander's high combat training is of decisive importance in achieving success in drill training, in the ability to exemplarily carry out the techniques provided for by the drill charter and methodically correctly train subordinates.

Each lesson should be preceded by careful preparation. In accordance with the requirements of the combat training program, squad commanders are preparing to conduct classes at instructor-methodical sessions, briefings, and self-training hours. During self-training hours, the squad leader studies the statutory provisions, methodological manuals for drill training and commands; draws up a plan-outline, based on the instructions of the platoon commander; improves the technique of performing drill techniques and actions practiced in the classroom; prepares the personnel of the department.

Each drill lesson should be a new step in improving the drill skills of soldiers and subunits. The depth of the knowledge gained at the same time and the strength of the skills largely depend on the skillfully chosen methods of teaching and training carried out during the classes.

In drill training, the following methods are mainly used: oral presentation, demonstration, training, independent study.

When studying a drill technique or action, it is necessary to find such a method of explanation, demonstration and training, which at a given time, in a given lesson, will give the best result in the shortest possible time.

The explanation of the technique or action should be short, clear and concise, like the technique or action itself. Each part of the explanation should be followed by a practical demonstration.

The place of the commander during drill training sessions should ensure the observation of the actions of the trainees and the timely elimination of the noticed errors. The most expedient removal from the formation of the unit should be considered: for the squad leader - 3-4 steps, for the platoon commander - 5-6 steps.

Commands must be given clearly and loudly. An ill-defined command makes it difficult to carry it out, and an incorrectly given command leads to confusion or failure to perform the reception.

Training in drill techniques should be carried out in the following sequence: familiarization; learning; workout.

For acquaintance with the reception, the commander must:

name the technique and indicate where and for what purpose it is used;

give a command on which the reception is performed;

show strictly according to the Military Regulations how the reception is performed as a whole, and then at a slow pace - by divisions with a brief explanation of the procedure for its implementation.

A minimum amount of time should be spent on familiarization with the reception.

Depending on the complexity of the drill learning it can be carried out:

in general, if the reception is simple;

by divisions, if the reception is difficult;

with the help of preparatory exercises, if the technique is complex and its individual elements are difficult to digest.

The study of each element of the technique (if it is difficult to perform) also begins with a demonstration and a brief explanation. Techniques shown clearly, correctly and beautifully always make a great impression on the trainees and make them want to perform them as shown.

After familiarization with the drill technique, they begin to form the skill as a holistic action, which includes two main stages related to each other.

The first stage consists in dividing a complex technique into elements and performing it element by element.

The second stage sequentially combines elements into groups, and then into a single whole.

At the end of the training, a training is carried out, which consists in the repeated execution of the studied technique as a whole. Noticing an error in the execution of the reception by one of the soldiers, the commander approaches him and, being next to him, trains or teaches him, while the rest continue training on their own. If during the training the same mistake is made by several soldiers, the commander stops the training of the squad and again shows the technique, after which the training continues. At the same time, the commander must ensure that all techniques are performed correctly, quickly, beautifully and clearly.

SINGLE DRILL

Single training of military personnel is the basis of unit drill training. Only in the process of single preparation can all errors be noticed and corrected in a timely manner. Single training, as a rule, is directly carried out by the squad leader. He personally conducts classes with the department and is responsible for the individual training of his subordinates.

Classes in single drill training should be held on a specially equipped site or on a drill parade ground.

The study of combat techniques on the spot must be carried out in an open formation, and on the move - at increased distances, so that the squad leader can clearly see the mistakes and inaccuracies in the actions of each soldier.

The most commonly used one-way and two-way learning methods. With a one-sided method of training, all trainees are in open formation, they train in performing a technique or action under the guidance of the squad leader. With a two-way training method, military personnel train in pairs, acting in turn as a commander, while the most trained soldiers train the less trained. The squad leader controls the actions of the soldiers, moving from one pair to another, corrects the mistakes they make.

In both teaching methods, two methodological approaches are usually used.

The first technique is "Do as I do." At the same time, the squad leader, while training the soldiers, performs the technique exemplarily. The second technique is “I train one person - everyone does it.” From an open single-line formation, the squad leader calls one of the soldiers for a certain number of steps, trains him, and the soldiers in the formation carry out the same commands as the trainee.

At the end of the lesson, the squad leader indicates to each soldier what and by what time he needs to improve, conducts a competition for the best performance of the studied technique, and also gives instructions on preparing for the next lesson.

The training of soldiers in combat techniques with weapons is carried out by the same methods as without weapons. At the same time, at the beginning of each lesson, the squad leader is obliged to inspect the weapon so that it is not loaded, and check the serviceability of the belt fastening. Before performing drill techniques with a weapon, it is first put on the fuse.

CONTROL COORDINATION

The drill coordination of the squad consists in training personnel in clear and coordinated actions in deployed and marching formations.

Classes for training soldiers in actions in squad formations are conducted by squad commanders under the guidance of a platoon commander. The commander of the squad conducts the study of actions in the formations of the squad in the following sequence: calls the formation; gives a command; explains the order of execution (building, rebuilding), if necessary, causes two soldiers to be put out of action and shows the actions of each of them during various rebuildings. Then he teaches the personnel of the department the precise execution of the command, while achieving coordinated actions.

All constructions and rebuildings are carried out in strict accordance with the statutory requirements. So, for example, to build a squad in a deployed single-rank system, the command "Squad, in one line - STAND" is given. On the preliminary command “Separation”, all trainees should immediately turn to face the commander, take a position “at attention” and wait for the next command in readiness to quickly and accurately execute it. The squad leader gives the command, facing the trainees. At the end of the command to build, he becomes facing the front of the formation, remaining in the "at attention" position. With the beginning of the formation, the squad leader breaks down and monitors the alignment of the squad. The alignment of the squad is carried out in cases where the intervals between the military personnel in the ranks were violated, the toes of the boots were not on the same line, but in the two-rank formation, in addition, the distance between the ranks was violated.

For faster assimilation by trainees of the order of rebuilding and achievement of coordinated actions, training in a deployed formation should begin with rebuilding in divisions, and in a marching formation - at a slow pace and as it is mastered, bringing it to a normal one.

It is advisable to train the squad in performing a military salute first in a single-rank formation (in a column, one at a time), and then in a double-rank formation (in a column of two). In all cases, it should be ensured that the military greeting is carried out valiantly, with strict observance of the requirements of the Military Regulations; head rotation should be uniform, performed clearly and simultaneously by all trainees.

When responding to the commander's (chief's) greeting on the move, all servicemen must begin the response by placing their left foot on the ground, pronouncing each subsequent word with the next foot on the ground.

Coordination of the squad during operations on the vehicle includes: building personnel in front of the vehicle; weapon inspection; landing of personnel; accommodation of military personnel and property; performing a military salute by car on the spot and on the move; disembarkation of personnel from the vehicle. Embarkation and disembarkation of personnel is practiced first by divisions or at a slow pace, then at a fast and regular pace.

IMPROVEMENT OF BRITTLE EDUCATION
IN DAILY LIFE

The commander must know that any formation and movement of a unit in the ranks contributes to the improvement of combat coherence, the strengthening of conscious military discipline among military personnel.

Physical exercises, morning inspections, service in daily duty and other activities according to the daily routine should also be used by sergeants to improve the drill skills of soldiers. The behavior of military personnel in everyday life (out of formation on the territory of military camps and beyond) is of great importance in maintaining high military discipline and combat bearing of soldiers. One of the manifestations of military politeness is a mutual military greeting.

In addition to the formation of combat skills, the squad leader is obliged to develop in his subordinates the ability to properly wear military uniforms. She must strictly comply with the rules for wearing it and be always clean and tidy.

The squad commander's constant concern for his appearance and the appearance of his subordinates is the first sign of a desire for order, organization, and high military culture in the unit.

10. PHYSICAL PREPARATION
AND SPORTS WORK

PHYSICAL TRAINING

General provisions

The purpose of physical training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure the level of physical fitness of military personnel necessary to perform combat and other special tasks in accordance with their professional purpose.

The general tasks of the physical training of military personnel are:

harmonious spiritual and physical development of the personality;

promotion of healthy lifestyles;

development and maintenance at a sufficient level of physical qualities;

formation of military-applied motor skills.

Physical training contributes to:

education of moral-volitional and psychological qualities;

increasing the body's resistance to adverse factors;

military-professional activities and the environment;

the formation of the readiness of military personnel to endure extreme physical and mental stress during the preparation and conduct of hostilities.

Physical training is carried out in the following forms:

training sessions;

morning physical exercise;

physical training in the process of training and combat activities.

Each sergeant must:

constantly improve their physical fitness and be an example in this for subordinates;

know the level of physical fitness of each soldier for all exercises of the training program;

skillfully master the methodology of conducting morning physical exercises, accompanying physical training, individual parts of training sessions and methods of teaching a particular exercise, technique (action);

in practice to carry out the relationship of physical training with the requirements for combat activities;

rationally distribute physical activity during the day and week;

ensure the readiness of places for classes in all sections of physical training;

comply with safety requirements and injury prevention in the process of physical training classes;

to ensure high motivation of personnel for physical training classes, the development of a stable need for military personnel in regular physical exercises.

Physical training planning for conscripted military personnel is carried out on the basis of:

for training sessions– 3 hours per week during school hours;

for morning exercise 30 (50) min. daily, except weekends and holidays;

for physical training in the process of combat training- by decision of the unit commander.

The main planning document in the company is the schedule of classes for the week, which indicates: options and content of morning physical exercises; topics and content of physical training classes; the content of associated physical training; time and content of sports work; time, topics and content of instructor-methodical and demonstrative classes with sergeants undergoing military service on conscription and under contract.

Each serviceman is personally responsible for the level of his physical fitness, is obliged to systematically engage in physical exercises and be constantly physically ready to perform military duty and official duties.

BASICS OF THE METHOD OF PHYSICAL TRAINING

Teaching the technique of performing physical exercises and the formation of motor skills includes: familiarization, learning and training.

Familiarization contributes to the formation of the trainees' correct motor idea of ​​the exercise being learned. For acquaintance it is necessary: ​​to name the exercise, to show it correctly; explain the technique of performing the exercise and its purpose.

learning is aimed at the formation of new motor skills in trainees. Depending on the preparedness of those involved and the complexity of physical exercises, the following methods of learning are used:

in general - if the physical exercise is simple, accessible to trainees or its implementation by elements (parts) is impossible;

in parts - if the physical exercise is complex and can be divided into separate elements;

by divisions - if the physical exercise is difficult and can be performed with stops;

with the help of preparatory physical exercises - if as a whole, due to difficulty, it cannot be performed, and it is impossible to divide it into parts.

Workout- consolidation of trainees' motor skills and abilities through their repeated repetition in various conditions, as well as maintaining the required level of physical and special qualities.

Errors that occur in the process of teaching physical exercises are corrected in the following sequence: in group training - first - general, then - private; with individual training - at first - significant, then - secondary.

Error prevention is provided:

a clear demonstration and explanation of the technique of performing physical exercises;

correct initial learning of physical exercises;

using preparatory physical exercises;

timely and high-quality assistance and insurance.

Injury prevention is ensured by:

clear organization of classes and compliance with the methods of their conduct;

high discipline of military personnel, good knowledge of insurance and self-insurance techniques, rules for preventing injuries;

timely preparation of places of employment and inventory;

systematic monitoring of compliance with established safety standards and rules by the leaders of the classes.

Training sessions are the main form of physical training.

The duration of training sessions in military units is 1-2 training hours (50-100 minutes). The lesson consists of three parts: preparatory, main and final.

7-10 minutes are allotted for the preparatory part of the lesson (10-15 minutes - for a 2-hour lesson), the tasks of organizing those involved and preparing their body for the upcoming physical activity are solved.

The content of the preparatory part consists of drill techniques, general developmental and special exercises, which are selected depending on the content of the main part of the lesson. General developmental exercises include sipping exercises, exercises for the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle, torso, legs, the whole body, exercises in pairs and sets of floor exercises, as well as previously learned techniques and actions.

The movement and reorganization of the unit to perform general developmental exercises is carried out in accordance with the Military Regulations.

Performing physical exercises on the spot and in motion begins from the starting position, which is accepted by the command "Starting position - ACCEPT". The exercise is performed by the command "Exercise start-NAY". To end the physical exercise on the spot, instead of the last count, the “STOP” command is given, while in motion, the “Exercise - FINISH” command is given. General developmental exercises performed on the spot are shown by the leader standing facing (mirror) or sideways to the trainees, and performed in motion - towards the ranks.

Complex exercises are performed in divisions. For example: “Bend over, hands back, do it - ONCE; combat stance, do - TWO; sit down, hands forward, palms down, do - THREE; combat stance, do it - FOUR. After mastering the physical exercise by divisions, a command is given to perform it as a whole “Exercise - start-NAY”.

To increase the intensity of the load in the preparatory part of the lesson, the previously studied physical exercises are performed one after the other without pauses for rest at the command "Flow, exercise - start-NAY".

The main part of the lesson is carried out for 35-40 minutes (65-85 minutes - for a 2-hour lesson). In it, military personnel master applied military motor skills, improve them, develop physical and special qualities, educate moral and mental qualities, achieve combat coherence of military units, form the ability to act in difficult conditions.

The main part of the lesson is carried out, as a rule, at three training places with their subsequent change. Performing physical exercises at training places is organized in a group or frontal way.

To change places of employment, the leader gives the command: "Platoon, exercise - FINISH." At this command, the trainees stop doing the exercises and line up in one line. The change of places of employment is carried out according to the commands: “Direct-VO”, “To change places of employment by step (running) - MARCH”. At the first change, the transition order is indicated.

Single combat training, combat techniques without weapons.

BASICS OF DRIVING TRAINING
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Drill training is an independent subject of training for military personnel in the combat training system and is organically included in many other training subjects, influencing the development of knowledge, skills, and psychological stability necessary for personnel in modern combat. Therefore, the guiding principles of pedagogy are the basis of drill training. High combat training of officers, ensigns and sergeants is of decisive importance in achieving success in combat training, in the ability to exemplarily carry out the techniques provided for by the Military Regulations and methodically correctly train subordinates. It is not enough for a commander to possess high methodological skills, good theoretical training and practical skills, it is also important for him to be able to intensify the cognitive activity of his subordinates, and this can be achieved by improving the quality of drill training, instilling creative thinking in soldiers and assisting in mastering the most rational techniques in the course of training. The commander must constantly remember that the foundations of training are best laid from the first days of study. It was at this time that a certain order was developed and then turned into a habit in the study of combat techniques, as well as actions with weapons and equipment. It is known that the limits of human knowledge are relative, therefore it is necessary to ensure that subordinates are not embarrassed by today's ignorance (inability). After all, it is not the one who, not knowing, who seeks answers and knowledge, deserves blame, but the one who does not know, but pretends to know. Assimilation is understanding plus memorization, and mastery of knowledge is assimilation plus application of knowledge in practice. In training, it is very important to link the known with the unknown, theory with practice, and establish the most effective forms and methods of drill training.
It is also very important that each combat lesson be carried out against the background of comparability of results with an increase in the spirit of competition. This creates the necessary prerequisites for the rapid assimilation of the studied material.
Each drill lesson should be a new step in improving the drill skills of subunits. The depth of the knowledge gained at the same time and the strength of the skills largely depend on the skillfully chosen methods of teaching and training carried out during the classes. Intensity, continuity of action with full effort - these are the requirements for military exercises today. Practice shows that a high level of combat training of military personnel can be achieved: by purposeful and correct planning of drill training, clear organization and methodically correct conduct of all classes; conscious study and subsequent improvement of techniques by each serviceman in strict accordance with the requirements of the Combat Regulations; regular briefings, instructor-methodical, demonstrative and planned drill training; improving skills in drill training in all classes, during construction and movement in everyday life; independent training of military personnel in combat techniques; constant control and high demands on the part of commanders of all levels to the implementation of the provisions of the Combat Regulations by all military personnel.

Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
This Statute defines combat techniques and movement without weapons and with weapons; formation of divisions and military units on foot and in vehicles; the procedure for performing a military greeting, conducting a drill review; the position of the Battle Banner of the military unit in the ranks, the procedure for the joint removal and removal of the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner of the military unit; the duties of military personnel before formation and in the ranks and the requirements for their drill training, as well as the methods of movement of military personnel on the battlefield and actions in the event of a surprise attack by the enemy. All military personnel of military units, ships, military command and control bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations and military educational institutions of vocational education of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as military units) are guided by the combat charter.
The Charter applies to servicemen of other troops, military formations and bodies created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as to citizens called up for military training.

GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. BUILD AND MANAGE THEM
1. Line - the placement of military personnel, subunits and military units established by the Charter for their joint actions on foot and in vehicles.
2. Rank - a system in which military personnel are placed one next to the other on the same line at established intervals.
Line of cars - a system in which cars are placed one next to the other on the same line.
3. Flank - the right (left) end of the system. When turning the formation, the names of the flanks do not change.
4. Front - the side of the formation in which the military personnel are facing (cars - with the frontal part).
5. The back side of the formation is the side opposite the front.
6. Interval - the distance along the front between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and military units.
7. Distance - the distance in depth between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and military units.
8. Width of formation - the distance between the flanks.
9. Depth of formation - the distance from the first line (a soldier standing in front) to the last line (behind a standing soldier), and when operating on vehicles - the distance from the first line of vehicles (a vehicle standing in front) to the last line of vehicles (behind a standing vehicle).
10. Two-rank formation - a formation in which servicemen of one rank are located in the back of the head of a serviceman of another rank at a distance of one step (outstretched arm, palm placed on the shoulder of a standing serviceman). The ranks are called the first and second. When you turn the formation, the names of the ranks do not change.
A row - two servicemen standing in a two-rank formation at the back of the head one another. If a soldier of the second rank does not stand in the back of the head behind the soldier of the first rank, such a row is called incomplete.
When turning the two-rank formation around, the serviceman of the incomplete row passes into the front standing rank.
11. One-rank and two-rank systems can be closed or open.
In close formation, military personnel in ranks are located along the front from one another at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows.
In an open formation, servicemen in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals of one step or at intervals indicated by the commander.
12. Column - a system in which the military personnel are located at the back of the head to each other, and the units (vehicles) - one after the other at distances established by the Charter or the commander.
Columns can be one, two, three, four or more.
Columns are used to build subunits and military units in a deployed or marching formation.
13. Deployed formation - a formation in which subunits are built on the same line along the front in a single-rank or two-rank formation (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the Charter or the commander.
The deployed system, as a rule, is used for inspections, calculations, reviews, parades, and also in other necessary cases.
14. Marching formation - a formation in which a subunit is built in a column or subunits in columns are built one after another at distances established by the Charter or the commander.
The marching formation is used for the movement of units during the march, the passage of a solemn march, with a song, as well as in other necessary cases.
15. Guide - a serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving head in the indicated direction. The rest of the military personnel (subdivisions, vehicles) coordinate their movement along the guide.
Trailing - a soldier (unit, car), moving last in the column.
16. The formation is controlled by commands and orders, which are given by the commander by voice, signals and personal example, and also transmitted using technical and mobile means.
Commands and orders can be transmitted along the column through the commanders of subunits (senior vehicles) and designated observers.
Management in the car is carried out by commands and orders given by voice and by means of intercom.
In the ranks, the senior commander is located where it is more convenient for him to command. The rest of the commanders give commands, remaining in the places established by the Charter or the senior commander.
The commanders of subunits from a company and above in the march formation of a battalion and regiment are allowed to go out of action only to issue commands and check their execution.
17. The team is divided into preliminary and executive; commands can be and only executive.
The preliminary command is given clearly, loudly and lingeringly, so that those in the ranks understand what actions the commander requires of them.
On any preliminary command, servicemen in the ranks take a combat stance, move to a combat stance while on the move, and out of formation turn towards the commander and take a combat stance.
When performing tricks with weapons in the preliminary command, if necessary, the name of the weapon is indicated.
For example: "Machine guns on - CHEST". "Machine guns on re-MEN", etc.
The executive command (printed in large print in the Charter) is given after a pause, loudly, abruptly and clearly. On the executive command, its immediate and exact execution is carried out.
In order to attract the attention of a unit or individual serviceman, the preliminary command, if necessary, calls the name of the unit or the rank and surname of the serviceman.
For example: "Platoon (3rd platoon) - STOP". "Private Petrov, circle GOM."
When giving commands, the voice should be commensurate with the width and depth of the system, and the report should be pronounced clearly, without a sharp increase in voice.
18. Signals for the control of the formation and signals for the control of the machine are specified in appendices 3 and 4 to this Charter.
If necessary, the commander can assign additional signals to control the formation.
19. Commands relating to all units are accepted and immediately executed by all unit commanders and commanders (senior) of vehicles.
When a command is transmitted by a signal, the "ATTENTION" signal is preliminarily given, and if the command refers to only one of the units, then a signal indicating the number of this unit is given.
Readiness to accept a command by a signal is also indicated by the signal "ATTENTION".
Receipt of a signal is confirmed by repeating it or by giving an appropriate signal to your unit.
20. To cancel or terminate the execution of the reception, the command "STOP" is given. This command accepts the position that was before the reception was performed.
21. During training, it is allowed to perform the drill techniques specified in the Charter and move through divisions, as well as with the help of preparatory exercises.
For example: "Assault rifle on the chest, according to divisions: do - ONE, do - TWO, do - THREE." "To the right, along the divisions: do - ONE, do - TWO."
22. When forming national teams, they are drilled into units.
For calculation, military personnel line up in a single-rank or two-rank system and are calculated according to the general numbering, as indicated in Art. 85 of this Charter. After that, depending on the size of the team, a calculation is made sequentially for companies, platoons and squads, and the commanders of these subunits are appointed.
To participate in parades, as well as in other cases, a unit, by order of the commander, may form a common column of three, four or more. In this case, the construction is carried out, as a rule, by growth.
23. The construction of units is carried out by the command "STAND", before which the order of construction is indicated.
For example: "Squad, in one line - STAND".
On this command, the serviceman must quickly take his place in the ranks, dial the established interval and distance, and take a combat stance.
24. When submitting commands for subdivisions of military branches and special troops, instead of the names "department", "platoon", "company", "battalion" and "regiment", the names of subunits and military units adopted in the branches of service and in special troops of the types of Armed Force.

drill stand
27. The combat stance (fig.) is accepted by the command "STAND" or "QUIETLY". At this command, stand straight, without tension, put the heels together, align the socks along the front line, placing them on the width of the foot; straighten the legs at the knees, but do not strain; lift the chest, and the whole body slightly forward; pick up the stomach; expand shoulders; lower your hands so that the hands, palms facing inward, are on the side and in the middle of the thighs, and the fingers are half-bent and touch the thigh; keep your head high and straight, without exposing your chin; look straight ahead; be ready for immediate action.
A combat stance on the spot is also accepted without a command: when giving and receiving an order, when reporting, during the performance of the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, when performing a military greeting, as well as when giving commands.
28. On the command "FREE", become free, loosen the right or left leg at the knee, but do not move, do not weaken your attention and do not talk.
At the command "REFILL", without leaving your place in the ranks, fix your weapons, uniforms and equipment. If you need to get out of order, ask your immediate supervisor for permission.
Before the command "REFUEL", the command "LONG" is given.
29. To remove headgear, the command "Headwear (headwear) - REMOVE", and for putting on - "Headwear (headwear) - PUT ON". If necessary, single military personnel take off their hats and put them on without a command.
The removed headdress is held in the left freely lowered hand with a cockade forward (Fig. 2).
Without weapons or with weapons in the "behind the back" position, the headgear is removed and put on with the right hand, and with weapons in the "on the belt", "on the chest" and "at the foot" positions - with the left. When removing the headgear with a carbine in the "shoulder" position, the carbine is first taken to the leg.

Turns in place
30. Turns on the spot are performed according to the commands: "Direct-IN", "Half-turn right-IN", "Nale-IN", "Half-turn left-IN", "Kru-GOM".
Turns in a circle (for 1/2 circle), to the left (for 1/4 circle), half a turn to the left (for 1/8 circle) are made towards the left hand on the left heel and on the right toe; to the right and half a turn to the right - towards the right hand on the right heel and on the left toe. Turns are performed in two steps: the first step is to turn around, maintaining the correct position of the body, and, without bending the legs at the knees, transfer the weight of the body to the front leg;
the second technique is to put the other leg in the shortest way.

Traffic
31. Movement is done by walking or running.
Movement in steps is carried out at a pace of 110-120 steps per minute. Step size - 70-80 cm.
Running is carried out at a pace of 165-180 steps per minute. Step size - 85-90 cm.
The step is drill and marching.
The drill step is used when passing units in a solemn march; when they perform a military greeting on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in drill training.
The marching step is applied in all other cases.
32. Movement in marching step begins at the command "Command step - MARCH" (in the movement "Commander - MARCH"), and movement in marching step - on the command "Step - MARCH".

On a preliminary command, move the body forward a little, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving with the left foot with a full step.
When moving with a drill step (Fig. 3), take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground and place it firmly on the entire foot.
With hands, starting from the shoulder, make movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body, and the elbow is at the level of the hand; back - to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers are bent, keep the head straight, look in front of you.
When moving with a marching step, take the leg out freely, without pulling the toe, and put it on the ground, as in normal walking; hands to make free movements around the body.
When moving at a marching step, at the command "AT ATTENTION", go to a combat step. When moving with a marching step, on the command "FREE", go at a marching step.
33. Running movement begins at the command "Running - MARCH".
When moving from a place on a preliminary command, the body is slightly forward, the arms are half-bent, moving the elbows slightly back; on the executive command, start running with the left foot, make free movements with your hands back and forth in time with the run.
To move from step to run, on a preliminary command, half-bend your arms, pulling your elbows back a little. The executive command is given simultaneously with the setting of the left foot on the ground. On this command, take a step with your right foot and start running with your left foot.
To switch from running to step, the command "Step - MARCH" is given. The executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take two more steps running and start walking with your left foot.

34. The designation of a step in place is made by the command "In place, step - MARCH" (in motion - "IN PLACE").
According to this command, the step is indicated by raising and lowering the legs, while raising the leg 15-20 cm from the ground and placing it on the entire foot, starting from the toe; make movements with your hands to the beat of the step (Fig. 4). On the command "STRAIGHT", given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step. In this case, the first three steps should be drill.
35. A command is given to stop the movement.
For example: "Private Petrov - STOP."
According to the executive command, given simultaneously with the placement of the right or left foot on the ground, take one more step and, putting the foot down, take a combat stance.
36. To change the speed of movement, the following commands are given: "WIDE STEP", "SHORT STEP", "MORE STEP", "LESS STEP", "HALF STEP", "FULL STEP".
37. To move single soldiers a few steps to the side, a command is given.
For example: "Private Petrov. Two steps to the right (left), one step - MARCH."
On this command, take two steps to the right (left), placing a foot after each step.
A command is given to move forward or backward a few steps.
For example: "Two steps forward (backward), one step - MARCH."
On this command, take two steps forward (back) and put your foot.
When moving to the right, left and back, the movement of the hands is not performed.

Turns in motion
38. Turns in motion are performed according to the commands: "Direct-IN", "Half-turn right-IN", "Nale-IN", "Half-turn left-IN", "Round - MARCH".
To turn right, half a turn to the right (left, half a turn to the left), the executive command is given simultaneously with the right (left) foot on the ground. On this command, take a step from the left (right) foot, turn on the toe of the left (right) foot, simultaneously with the turn, move the right (left) foot forward and continue moving in a new direction.
To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, take one more step with the left foot (a count of times), move the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left, and, turning sharply towards the left hand on the toes of both feet (two counts), continue to move with the left foot in a new direction (for a count of three).
When turning, the movement of the hands is made to the beat of the step.
The drill step is one of the most complex and difficult to learn drill techniques, the implementation of which requires trainees to be especially collected, smart, precise, coordinated movement of arms and legs.
The drill step is used when subunits pass in a solemn march, when they salute on the move, when a serviceman approaches and leaves his commander, when he breaks down and returns to duty, as well as in drill exercises.
The sequence of learning to move with a marching step is recommended as follows:
- training in the movement of hands;
- training in the designation of a step on the spot;
- training in motion with a front step for four counts;
- training in movement with a drill step for two counts;
- training in motion with a drill step at a slow pace (50-60 steps per minute);
- training in motion with a drill step at a statutory pace (110-120 steps per minute) according to the marking of the drill site;
- general training in marching along the parade ground without marking;
- receiving invoices.
Having told about the use of the combat step, the commander proceeds to learn it with the squad. Learning to move with a marching step, like every new technique, should begin with an exemplary demonstration and explanation. It is recommended to learn the drill step by elements, using preparatory exercises for this. Having shown the movement with a drill step as a whole, the squad leader shows the first preparatory exercise in divisions - the movement of the arms, and then gives the command "Movement of the arms, do it - ONE, do it - TWO." According to the "do - ONCE" count, the soldiers must bend their right arm at the elbow, moving it from the shoulder near the body so that the hand rises above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and is at a palm's distance from the body; at the same time, pull the left arm back until failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers should be bent, and the elbow of the right hand should be slightly raised. According to the "do - TWO" count, the trainees must move the left hand forward, and the right hand, starting from the shoulder, back to failure. After each count, the commander holds the position of the trainees' hands and corrects their mistakes. If the reception is incorrectly performed by the majority of the soldiers of the squad, he gives the command "STOP", and if only one soldier makes mistakes, he gives the command, for example, "Private Ivanov - STOP". After learning the preparatory exercise for the hands in divisions at the command of the commander, you can proceed to training at the expense of the soldiers themselves or under the drum.
To complicate this exercise, the designation of a step in place is subsequently added to it (Fig. 7).

After mastering the correct position of the hands, the squad leader proceeds to study the next preparatory exercise-movement with a drill step in divisions into four and two counts.
Having shown the preparatory exercise for divisions into four counts, the commander opens the squad for four steps and, turning it to the right, commands: "Combat step, by divisions into four counts, step - MARCH": "ONE, two, three, four: ONE, two , three, four", etc. The count of "times" is pronounced loudly. On the preliminary command "Step", the soldiers of the squad move the body forward somewhat, transferring the weight of the body more to the right leg and maintaining a stable position (Fig. 8, a). According to the executive command "March" and according to the count "one", they start moving from the left foot, with a full step, bringing the leg forward with the toe extended (while the foot should be parallel to the ground) to a height of 15-20 cm from the ground (Fig. 8, b), and put it firmly on the entire foot, at the same time lifting the right leg off the ground with pulling it half a step forward to the heel of the left leg (Fig. 8, c). Simultaneously with the step, the trainees move their right hand forward, and the left back to failure (as indicated in the first preparatory exercise) and stand on their left foot with their hands down, their right leg straight, with their toes almost at the very ground. According to the account "two, three, four" they make an excerpt.

On the next count, “one”, the movement is repeated, but from the right foot, and on the count of “two, three, four”, exposure is again, etc. After practicing the preparatory exercise for four counts, the squad leader repeats the same movement for two counts, for which gives the command "Combat step, by division into two counts, step - MARCH" and counts: "One, two: one, two", etc. Under the count of "one" a step forward is performed, under the count of "two" - excerpt . If the soldiers of the squad make mistakes, the exercise should be repeated again for four counts. Then the squad leader begins to learn to move with a drill step at a pace of 50-60 steps per minute, followed by an increase in the rate of movement to 110-120 steps per minute. To correct mistakes, it is recommended to move from the full pace of movement with a marching step to movement in divisions into four or two counts. During the training of the department in the performance of the technique as a whole, it is necessary to strictly maintain the pace of movement of 110-120 steps per minute. The squad leader, being in the center of the construction site, gives commands. If he notices a general mistake, he stops the branch, turns it to face him and, having shown how to do it, continues the training. If only one soldier makes a gross mistake, the squad leader takes him a step to the side, stands next to him and corrects the mistake on the go. Training by divisions and in general can be carried out on commands and at the expense of the commander, independently at the expense of trainees, as well as under the drum. When learning to move with a marching step, it is necessary to ensure that the soldiers do not sway from side to side when moving. The reason for the swing is the incorrect positioning of the legs during movement: instead of placing the legs with the inside of the feet along the axis of movement, they put them to the sides, while the center of gravity of the body shifts to the right or to the left with each step. If a soldier seems to bounce while moving with a marching step, he needs to point out his mistake and demand that he transfer the weight of the body from foot to foot evenly, and not jerkily. It is impossible to allow skidding of one leg after the other when moving. After eliminating all the shortcomings, they move on to training the movement with a drill step in the ranks of the squad (platoon).
At the end of learning to move with a marching step, the squad leader accepts a credit from each trainee.
Before studying turns in motion, it is advisable to work out the movement in steps and running, changing the speed of movement, stopping movement. Normal walking speed is 110-120 steps per minute, step size is 70-80 cm. Normal running speed is 165-180 steps per minute, step size is 85-90 cm.
To start running, the command "Run - MARCH" is given. When starting to run from a place, the trainee, on a preliminary command, should slightly move the body forward, half-bent his arms, take his elbows back a little, and, on the executive command, start running from his left foot, making free movements of his hands forward and backward to the beat of running. Running training begins with showing and mastering his technique at a slow pace. Demonstrating the running technique, the commander pays attention to the position of the body and the movement of the arms, the push with the foot, bringing it forward and placing it on the ground. After the show, trainees, at the command of the commander, run in a column one at a time around the construction site, keeping a distance of four steps. The commander, being in the center, observes their run, monitoring the correct execution of individual elements, pointing out errors and seeking to eliminate them. To move from step to run, on a preliminary command, the arms must be half-bent, moving the elbows slightly back. The executive command is given by the commander at the same time as the soldier puts his left foot on the ground. On this command, he takes another step with his right foot and starts running at normal speed with his left foot. To switch from running to step, the command "Step - MARCH" is given. The executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground. On this command, you need to take two more steps running and, with the left foot on the ground, start moving in steps. If it is necessary to move from stepping (running) to stepping (running) on ​​the spot, the command "ON THE PLACE" is given abruptly and clearly. The commander in front of the formation shows the step in place as a whole and in divisions with an explanation: a step in place is indicated by raising and lowering the legs; the leg must be raised 15-20 cm from the ground and placed on the ground from the front of the foot to the entire track; hands to move to the beat of the step. After that, he starts teaching. Learning to step on the spot is done by splitting into two counts on the command: "Step designation on the spot, by splits, do - ONE, do - TWO." According to the "do - ONCE" count, raise the left leg, while moving with the right hand so that its hand rises above the waist belt buckle to the width of the palm and to the distance of the width of the palm from the body, and pull the left arm back to failure in the shoulder joint. According to the account "do - TWO", put the left foot on the ground from the front of the foot to the entire track. Lower your arms, hands on the side and in the middle of the hips. By repeating the command, the described positions of the right and left legs (arms) are alternately worked out. In this case, special attention is paid to the position of the hands and the observance of the combat stance. If the trainee makes mistakes while performing the techniques, then the training should be continued until the noted shortcomings are eliminated. Training is carried out on the command "On the spot step - MARCH". When moving from a step in place to a step, the command "DIRECT" is given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground. At this command, the trainee takes another step in place and begins to move with his left foot at a full pace. On the command "Run on the spot - MARCH", the trainee performs a run on the spot, putting his feet on the front of the foot and moving his arms to the beat of the run. On the command "Straight", given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground while running, it is necessary to take another step with the right foot while running in place and start moving forward with the left foot. Having shown the technique of walking and running, moving from step to run and vice versa, talking about it and explaining the requirements of the Combat Regulations for their implementation, the commander begins to train the learned techniques and actions. After making sure that the majority of trainees have correctly mastered the technique of walking and running, the commander, pointing out the shortcomings to individual trainees, sets the task of eliminating them during extracurricular time, and he himself proceeds to explain and demonstrate the implementation of methods for changing the speed of movement. To change the speed of movement, the following commands are given: "WIDER STEP", "SHORT STEP", "FORTER STEP", "RE-SAME". "HALF STEP", FULL STEP". To take a few steps to the side in the ranks on the spot, a command is given, for example: "Two steps to the right (left), step - MARCH"; while putting the foot after each step. To move forward or back a few steps, a command is given, for example: "Two steps forward (backward), one step - MARCH". At this command, they take two steps forward (backward) and put their foot forward. When moving to the right, left and back, the movement of the hands is not performed. For to stop the movement, commands are given, for example: "Squad - STOP", "Private Petrov - STOP". According to the executive command given simultaneously with the right or left foot on the ground, you need to take one more step and, putting your foot down, take the position "Attention" .

Drill training is one of the main subjects of training and education of military personnel. It is organized and conducted on the basis of the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Drilling training includes: single combat techniques without weapons and with weapons; coordination of units during operations on foot and in vehicles; drill reviews of units.

At the drill training classes, servicemen are instilled with accuracy, discipline and attentiveness, the ability to perform single drill techniques and actions as part of a unit is developed. The criterion for combat training of military personnel is military culture and discipline, readiness to act skillfully in the ranks and in battle.

The drill training of soldiers is improved in tactical, firearms, physical training and other classes, during formations, movements and in everyday life.

§one. Build and manage them

For the successful implementation of techniques and actions in the ranks of military personnel, it is necessary to have an idea about the ranks, know its elements, the order in which commands are executed, the duties before the formation and in the ranks.

build- the placement of military personnel, units and units established by the Charter for their joint actions on foot and in vehicles. The system has the following elements: § Wing- right (left) end of the system. The names of the flanks do not change when the formation is rotated.§ Front- the side of the formation in which the military personnel are facing (cars - with the frontal part). § Back side of the system- side opposite to the front. § Interval- distance along the front between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and units. § Distance- the distance in depth between military personnel (vehicles), subunits and units. § System Width- distance between flanks.§ Depth- the distance from the first line (in front of the standing soldier) to the last line (behind the standing soldier), and when operating on vehicles - the distance from the first line of vehicles (in front of the standing vehicle) to the last line of vehicles (behind the standing vehicle). Depending on the purpose of the formation there are deployed and marching. Line- a system in which subunits are built on the same line along the front in a one-tier or two-tier system (in a line of vehicles) or in a line of columns at intervals established by the Charter or the commander. The deployed system is used for inspections, calculations, reviews, parades, and also in other necessary cases. line(or single-rank deployed system) - a system in which military personnel are placed one next to the other on the same line at established intervals. Double rank system- a formation in which the servicemen of one line are located in the back of the head of the servicemen of the other line at a distance of one step (outstretched arm, palm placed on the shoulder of the serviceman in front). The ranks are called the first and second. When the formation is rotated, the names of the ranks do not change. row. If a soldier of the second rank does not stand in the back of the head behind the soldier of the first rank, such a row is called incomplete. When the two-rank formation is turned around, the soldier of the incomplete row passes into the front standing line. The single-rank and two-rank formations can be closed or open. close formation military personnel in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals equal to the width of the palm between the elbows. open formation servicemen in ranks are located along the front one from the other at intervals of one step or at intervals indicated by the commander. marching formation- a formation in which the unit is built in a column or units in columns are built one after the other at distances established by the Charter or the commander. The marching formation is used for the movement of units during the march, the passage of a solemn march, with a song, as well as in other necessary cases. Column- a system in which the military personnel are located at the back of the head to each other, and the units (vehicles) - one after the other at distances established by the Charter or the commander. The columns can be one, two, three, four or more. Columns are used to build units and units in a deployed or marching formation. A serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving head in the indicated direction is guiding(the rest of the servicemen (subdivisions, vehicles) coordinate their movement along the guide, and the serviceman (unit, vehicle) moving last in the column is called closing.Formation control carried out by commands and orders, which are given by the commander by voice, signals and personal example, and also transmitted using technical and mobile means. The command is divided into preliminary and executive; commands can be and only executive. Preliminary command is given clearly, loudly and drawlingly, so that those in the ranks understand what actions the commander requires of them. On any preliminary command, servicemen in the ranks take a combat stance, move to a combat stance while on the move, and out of formation turn towards the commander and take a combat stance. Executive team served after a pause, loudly, abruptly and clearly. According to the executive command, its immediate and precise execution is carried out. In order to attract the attention of a unit or an individual soldier, in the preliminary command, if necessary, the name of the unit or the rank and surname of the soldier is called. For example: "Platoon (3rd platoon) - STOP". "Private Petrov, kru-GOM." To cancel or stop the execution of the reception, the command " STOP". On this command, the position that was before the reception was taken. Each serviceman is obliged to firmly know, skillfully and conscientiously fulfill his duties before building and in the ranks. Before building, a soldier must: § check the serviceability of your weapon, the weapons and military equipment assigned to it, ammunition, personal protective equipment, entrenching tools, uniforms and equipment; § carefully refuel uniforms, put on and fit equipment correctly, help a friend eliminate noticed shortcomings. In the ranks, a soldier is obliged: § know your place, be able to quickly, without fuss, take it; § in motion, maintain alignment, the established interval and distance; § comply with safety requirements; § do not get out of order (machine) without permission; § in the ranks without permission, do not talk and do not smoke; § be attentive to the orders and commands of your commander, quickly and accurately carry them out without disturbing others; § transmit orders, commands without distortion, loudly and clearly.

Questions and tasks

1. Tell us about the elements of the system.

2. What system is called deployed (marching)?

3. Define the terms "line", "row", "column".

4. How is the formation controlled?

5. What are the preliminary and executive teams for? What actions do military personnel perform on a preliminary (executive) command?

6. What are the duties of a soldier before building and in the ranks.

§2. Combat techniques and movement without weapons

2.1. Rack Rack Rack(Fig. 54) is the main element of drill training. She's taken on command BECOME" or " QUIETLY". At this command, you should stand straight, without tension, put your heels together, align your socks along the front line, putting them on the width of your feet; straighten your legs at the knees, but do not strain; raise your chest, and slightly move the whole body forward; pick up your stomach; unfold your shoulders; lower your arms so that the hands turned palms inward are on the side and in the middle of the hips, and the fingers are half-bent and touch the thigh; keep your head high and straight, without sticking your chin; look straight ahead; be ready for immediate action. On command " FREE"become free, loosen the right or left leg at the knee, but do not move away, do not weaken your attention and do not talk. On command" REFUEL"without leaving your place in the ranks, fix weapons, uniforms and equipment; if necessary, get out of order for permission to contact your immediate superior. Before the team" REFUEL"command given" FREE". A command is given to remove headgear" Hats (headwear) - REMOVE", and for putting on -" Hats (headwear) - PUT ON". If necessary, single military personnel take off and put on their headgear without a command. The removed headgear is held in the left freely lowered hand with a star (cockade) forward (Fig. 55). 2.2. Turns on the spot Turns on the spot executed by commands: Right», « Half turn right», « Left», « Half-turn to the left-IN», « Kru-GOM”. Turns around, to the left, half a turn to the left are made towards the left hand on the left heel and on the right toe; turns to the right and half a turn to the right - towards the right hand on the right heel and on the left toe. Turns are performed in two steps: § the first step is to turn around, maintaining the correct position of the body, and, without bending the legs at the knees, transfer the weight of the body to the front standing leg; § second technique - put the other leg in the shortest way. 2.3. Traffic The movement is made by walking or running. Walking carried out at a pace of 110-120 steps per minute. Step size - 70-80 cm. Running carried out at a pace of 165-180 steps per minute. Step size - 85-90 cm. The step is drill and marching. drill step used when passing units in a solemn march; when they perform a military greeting on the move; when a serviceman approaches the commander and when leaving him; upon failure and return to duty, as well as in drill training. marching step it is used in all other cases (when making a march, moving in the classroom, etc.). Marching step - MARCH" (in move " Stroev - MARCH"), and the movement in a marching step - on command" Step by step - MARCH".According to the preliminary command, move the body slightly forward, transfer its weight more to the right leg, while maintaining stability; on the executive command, start moving from the left leg with a full step. When moving with a drill step (Fig. 56), take the leg with the toe pulled forward to a height of 15 -20 cm from the ground and put it firmly on the whole foot.With hands, starting from the shoulder, make movements near the body: forward - bending them at the elbows so that the hands rise above the belt buckle to the width of the palm and at a distance of the palm from the body, and the elbow was at the level of the hand; back - to failure in the shoulder joint. The fingers are half-bent, keep the head straight, look in front of you. to make free movements around the body. When moving in a marching step on command " QUIETLY"go to the drill step. When moving in the drill step on command" FREE"go at a marching pace. Running starts on command" Running - MARCH".When moving from a place on a preliminary command, the body is slightly forward, half-bent the arms, pulling the elbows back a little; on the executive command, start running with the left foot, make free movements forward and backward with the hands to the beat of the run. To move from step to run on the preliminary command, half-bend the arms, pulling the elbows back a little. The executive command is given simultaneously with the placement of the left foot on the ground. At this command, take a step with the right foot and start running from the left foot. Step by step - MARCH". The executive command is given simultaneously with the placement of the right foot on the ground. On this command, take two more steps by running and start moving with the left foot. The step is indicated on the spot by the command" On the spot, step by step - MARCH" (in move - " ON THE SITE"). At this command, indicate the step by raising and lowering the legs, while raising the leg 15-20 cm from the ground and placing it on the entire foot, starting from the toe; make movements with the hands in time with the step (Fig. 57). On command" DIRECTLY", given at the same time as placing the left foot on the ground, take another step with the right foot in place and start moving with the left foot in full step. In this case, the first three steps must be drill. To stop the movement, a command is given. For example: "Private Petrov - STOP ". According to the executive command given simultaneously with the placement of the right or left foot on the ground, take one more step and, putting your foot down, take a combat stance. To change the speed of movement, commands are given: " WIDER STEP", "SHORT STEP", "MORE STEP", "RARE STEP", "HALF STEP", "FULL STEP". 2.4. Turns in motion Turns in motion executed by commands: Right", « Half turn directional», « Left", « Half-turn to the left-IN», « Around - MARCH ".To turn right, half a turn to the right (to the left, half a turn to the left), the executive command is given simultaneously with the right (left) foot on the ground. On this command, take a step from the left (right) foot, turn on the toe of the left (right) foot, simultaneously with the turn, move the right (left) foot forward and continue moving in a new direction. To turn around, the executive command is given simultaneously with the right foot on the ground legs. At this command, take one more step with the left foot (on a count of times), move the right foot half a step forward and slightly to the left and, turning sharply towards the left hand on the toes of both legs (two in a count), continue to move from the left foot in a new direction (Three in a row). When turning, the movement of the hands is made in time with the step.

Questions and tasks

1. Tell and show how the combat stance is performed.

2. Tell us about the actions of the servicemen on the commands "At ease", "Refuel".

3. Show how the headgear is removed.

4. What are the commands for turning on the spot? Practice and demonstrate turns on the spot.

5. How is the movement carried out with a marching step? Practice and demonstrate the movement with a marching step.

6. What commands are used to change the speed of movement?

7. What commands are used to make turns on the move? Practice and demonstrate turns in motion.

§3. Performing a military salute, breaking down and returning to duty. Approach to and departure from the boss

3.1. Performing a military salute without weapons on the spot and on the move To perform a military salute in place outside the ranks without a headgear, three to four steps before the chief (senior) turn in his direction, take a combat stance and look at his face, turning his head after him. If the headgear is worn, then, in addition , put the right hand to the headgear in the shortest way so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touches the lower edge of the headgear (near the visor), and the elbow is at the line and height of the shoulder (Fig. 59). When the head is turned towards the chief (senior), the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged (Fig. 59). building without a headgear three or four steps before the boss (senior), simultaneously with setting the foot, stop moving with your hands, turn your head in his direction and, continuing to move, look at his face. Having passed the boss (senior), put your head straight and continue moving with your hands .When wearing a headgear, simultaneously with placing your foot on the ground, turn your head and put your right hand on the headgear, keep your left hand motionless at the hip (see Fig. 60); having passed the chief (senior), at the same time as placing the left foot on the ground, put the head straight and lower the right hand. 3.2. Decommissioning and return to service A command is given to disable a soldier. For example: "Private Ivanov. FAILURE FOR SO MANY STEPS" or "Private Ivanov. TO ME (RUN TO ME)". out of order answers: "Yes". On the first command, the soldier goes out of action for the specified number of steps, counting from the first line, stops and turns to face the formation. On the second command, the serviceman, having taken one or two steps straight from the first line, turns towards the chief on the move, approaches (runs up) to him in the shortest way and, stopping in two or three steps, reports on the arrival. For example: "Comrade Lieutenant. Private Ivanov arrived on your orders." When a serviceman leaves the second rank, he slightly puts his left hand on the shoulder of the serviceman in front, who takes a step forward and, without putting his right foot, step to the right, lets the serviceman fail , then takes his place. When a serviceman leaves the first line, his place is taken by the second line serviceman standing behind him. (left). If a serviceman is standing nearby, he takes a step with his right (left) foot to the side and, without placing his left (right) foot, step back, lets the serviceman fail and then takes his place. To return the serviceman to the ranks, a command is given. For example: "Private Ivanov. BECOME IN THE ORDER" or only "BECOME IN THE ORDER." By command " Private Ivanov"a serviceman facing the ranks, having heard his last name, turns to face the chief and answers: "I", but on command " BECOME IN ORDER", if he is without a machine gun or with a machine gun in the "behind his back" position, puts his hand to the headgear, answers: "Yes", turns in the direction of movement, lowers his hand with the first step, moving in a drill step, takes the shortest path to his place in building. If only the command " BECOME IN ORDER", the serviceman returns to duty without first turning to the head. 3.3. Approach to and departure from the boss When approaching the commander out of formation, a serviceman, five or six steps before him, switches to a combat step, stops two or three steps, and at the same time puts his foot on his head, puts his right hand on the headgear, after which he reports on arrival. At the end of the report, he lowers his hand. When leaving the commander, the serviceman, having received permission to go, puts his right hand to the headgear, answers: “Yes”, turns in the direction of movement, lowers his hand with the first step and, having taken three or four steps as a combatant, continues to move marching step. Questions and tasks

1. Show how the honor is saluted on the spot and on the move out of formation without a headgear and with a headgear on.

2. What commands are given to get a soldier out of action and to return him to duty? What actions does the soldier perform on these commands?

3. Show the order of failure from the first and second line and return to duty.

4. Show the procedure for approaching and leaving the boss out of formation.

§four. Branch Lines

4.1. Line The deployed squad formation can be single-rank or double-rank. The squad is built into a single-rank (two-rank) system by the command " Branch, in one line (in two lines) - STAND"Having taken a combat stance and given a command, the squad leader becomes facing the front of the formation; the squad is lined up according to the state to the left of the commander in one or two lines. A squad of four people or less is always built in one line. If necessary, align the squad on the spot team " EQUAL" or " Left - EQUAL".On command" EQUAL"everyone, except for the right-flank one, turn their head to the right (the right ear is higher than the left, the chin is raised) and align so that everyone sees the fourth person's chest, considering themselves first. On command" Left - EQUAL"everyone, except for the left-flank one, turns his head to the left (the left ear is higher than the right, the chin is raised). When leveling, military personnel can move forward, backward or sideways a little. At the end of alignment, a command is given" QUIETLY", along which all military personnel quickly put their heads straight. When leveling the squad after turning it around, the side of alignment is indicated in the team. For example: "To the right (left) - EQUAL." FREE"and on command" REFUEL"on the spot, servicemen can become free, weaken the right or left leg at the knee, but do not move, do not weaken their attention and do not talk. On command" Squad - DISCHARGE"The servicemen are out of order. A command is given to assemble the squad" Department - GO TO ME", along which the servicemen run to the commander and, at his additional command, line up. The turns of the squad are carried out simultaneously by all servicemen in compliance with the alignment according to the commands and rules established by the Military Regulations. After turning the squad in a two-rank formation to the right (left), the squad leader takes half a step to the right (to the left ), and when turning around - step forward. For the movement of the squad, commands are given: " Branch, step (combat step, run) - MARCH". If necessary, the direction of movement and the side of alignment are indicated in the command. For example: "Squad, on such and such an object, alignment to the right (left), step (combat step, run) - MARCH." MARCH"All servicemen simultaneously start moving from the left foot, observing alignment and maintaining intervals and distances. If the alignment side is not indicated, alignment is made towards the right flank with a look without turning the head. A command is given to stop the squad" Branch - STOY".To change direction by stepping with the shoulder, a command is given" Branch, right (left) shoulder forward, step - MARCH" (on the run - " MARCH"). At this command, the squad begins to enter with the right (left) shoulder forward: the flank of the incoming flank, turning its head along the front, goes at full pace, adjusting its movement so as not to push the rest to the fixed flank; the flank of the fixed flank indicates a step in place and gradually turns to the left (right), in accordance with the movement of the approaching flank; the rest, observing alignment along the front with a glance towards the approaching flank (without turning their heads) and feeling their neighbor on the side of the fixed flank with their elbow, take a step the smaller, the closer they are to the fixed flank .When the squad has entered as far as necessary, the command " DIRECTLY" or " Branch - STOY". To rebuild a squad from one line into two, a calculation is first made for the first and second on command" Branch, for the first and second - PAY OFF".At this command, each soldier, starting from the right flank, quickly turns his head in turn to the soldier standing to his left, calls his number and quickly puts his head straight; the left-flank one does not turn his head. The calculation is also made according to the general numbering, for which team " Branch, in order - PAY OFF". In a two-rank formation, the left-flank second rank, at the end of the calculation of the formation according to the general numbering, reports:" Full" or " Incomplete".Rebuilding the squad on the spot from one line to two is carried out on command" Squad, in two lines - BUILD".According to the executive command, the second numbers take a step back from their left foot, without putting their right foot, step to the right to stand in the back of the head of the first numbers, and put their left foot. one step, after which the command " Squad, in one line - BUILD".According to the executive command, the second numbers go to the line of the first, taking a step to the left from the left foot, without putting the right foot, step forward, and put the left foot. 4.2. marching formation The marching formation of the squad can be in a column of one or in a column of two. The formation of the squad in a column of one (two) on the spot is carried out by the command " Branch, in a column one at a time (two at a time) - BECOME"Having taken a combat stance and given a command, the squad leader becomes facing in the direction of movement, and the squad lines up according to the state in a column one by one or in a column of two. A squad of four people or less is built in a column one at a time. Rebuilding the squad from the deployed system to the column is made by turning the department to the right on command " Branch, right-in". When turning the two-tier formation, the squad leader takes half a step to the right. Rebuilding the squad from the column to the deployed formation is done by turning the squad to the left on command" Branch, Nale-VO". When turning a squad from a column of two, the squad leader takes half a step forward. Rebuilding a squad from a column of one to a column of two is carried out on command" Branch, in a column of two, step - MARCH"(on the run - "MARCH"). According to the executive command, the squad leader (guide) walks half a step, the second numbers, going to the right, take their places in the column in time with the step; the squad moves half a step to the command" DIRECTLY" or " Branch - STOY". The restructuring of the squad from a column of two to a column of one is carried out on command" Branch, in a column one at a time, step by step - MARCH" (on the run - " MARCH"). According to the executive command, the squad leader (guide) walks in full step, and the rest - in half a step; as the place becomes free, the second numbers go to the back of the head first in time with the step and continue to move in full step. To change the direction of the column, commands are given: " Branch, right (left) shoulder forward - MARCH"; the guide goes to the left (right) until the command " DIRECTLY", the others follow him;· " Branch, behind me - MARSH (running - MARCH)"; the squad follows the commander. 4.3. Performing a military salute in the ranks on the spot and on the move To perform a military salute in the ranks on the spot, when the chief approaches 10-15 steps, the squad leader commands: " Branch, QUIET, RIGHT alignment (LEFT, MIDDLE)". The servicemen of the squad take a combat stance, at the same time turn their heads to the right (left) and follow the chief with their eyes, turning their heads after him. When the chief approaches from the back of the formation, the squad leader turns the squad around, and then gives the command to perform a military greeting. The squad leader , giving a command to perform a military salute, puts his hand to the headgear (if he is with a weapon in the “on the belt” or “on the chest” position, the hand is not applied to the headgear); approaches the commander with a drill step; two or three steps before he stops and reports in. For example: "Comrade lieutenant. The second department is doing something. Sergeant Petrov, the squad leader. The chief, who is being greeted, puts his hand on the headgear after giving the command to perform a military salute. Having finished the report, the squad leader, without lowering his hand from the headgear, takes a step to the side with his left (right) foot while simultaneously turning to the right (to the left) and, having let the chief go forward, follows him one or two steps behind and from the outside of the line. Upon passing the chief or on the command "At ease", the squad leader commands: " FREE"- and lowers his hand. To perform a military salute in the ranks on the move 10-15 steps before the head, the squad leader commands: " Squad, QUIET, align-to-RIGHT (to-LEFT)".on command" QUIETLY"all servicemen go to the drill step, and on command" Align-RIGHT (LEFT)"at the same time turn their heads towards the chief and stop moving with their hands or the hand not occupied by the weapon. The squad leader, if he is unarmed or with a weapon in the "behind his back" position, turning his head, puts his hand to the headgear. Upon passing by the chief or on command "At ease" the squad leader commands: " FREE' and lowers his hand. Questions and tasks

1. Tell us about building a squad in a deployed system.

2. Tell us about the actions of the military personnel on the commands "Line up" and "Left - Line up."

3. What commands are given for the movement of the squad and during the movement of the squad?

4. Tell us about the procedure for calculating military personnel in the ranks.

5. Follow the steps for rebuilding a squad from one line to two and back.

6. Tell us about building a squad in a marching formation.

7. Follow the steps to build the squad in a column, one (two) in place.

8. Follow the steps to rebuild the squad from a column of one to a column of two.

9. What commands are given to change the direction of the column?

10. Tell us about the performance of a military salute in the ranks on the spot and on the move.