Defeat or the Day of Special Forces - Anempodist Chizhikov — LiveJournal. Special Forces Training Company Unconventional Warfare Soldiers

In 1953, during a large-scale reduction of the Armed Forces of the USSR, 35 separate special-purpose companies were disbanded. The 11 remaining companies were distributed as follows:
66th OrdnSpN
67th Special Forces
75th OrdnSpN(military unit 61272, Northern Military District, Olonets);
77th OrdnSpN(military unit 71108, Baltic Military District, 11th Guards Army, Kaliningrad, RSFSR);
78th Special Forces(military unit 61290, Belorussian Military District, 28th Army, Grodno, Belorussian SSR);
81st OrdnSpN(military unit 61321, Carpathian Military District, 13th Army, Lutsk, Volyn region, Ukrainian SSR);
82nd Special Forces(military unit 71116, Carpathian Military District, 38th Army, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Ukrainian SSR);
85th Special Forces
86th OrdnSpN
91st Special Forces(military unit 51423, Central Asian Military District, Kazandzhik);
92nd Special Forces(military unit p/n 51447, Northern Group of Forces, Shekon, Poland).

In addition, the remaining companies were transferred under the control of the High Command of the Ground Forces. The total number of personnel is 1,320 people.

The disbandment of so many combat units was a heavy blow to military intelligence as a whole. So, on January 11, 1957, Major General N.V. Sherstnev sent a memo to the Chief of the General Staff, in which he pointed out that the companies were not able to provide versatile combat training, and proposed instead of 11 companies to create 3 special forces and one air squadron of district subordination. The number of the detachment would be about 400 people.

The then Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov appreciated the potential of special intelligence and pinned great hopes on it in a possible war. Published on his direct orders, the directive of the Chief of the General Staff No. ОШ / 1 / 224878 of August 9, 1957 and the directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of August 25, 1957, 5 separate special-purpose battalions were formed, subordinate to the commander of military districts and groups of troops. The base and personnel of 8 special-purpose companies were turned to the formation of battalions.

In accordance with the directive of the Chief of the General Staff No. OSH / 1 / 244878 of August 9, 1957, the following were formed:
26th Special Forces(military unit p / p 24584, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Weber-Havel), formed on the basis of the 66th and 67th Special Forces, the number of battalions in the state No. 04/26 was 485 people, commander: lieutenant colonel R.P. Mosolov;
27th Special Forces(military unit p / p 42551, Northern Group of Forces, Strzegom, then Legnica), formed on the basis of the 92nd Special Forces, the number of battalions in the state No. 04/25 was 376 people, commander: Lieutenant Colonel M. P. Pashkov;
36th Special Forces(military unit 32104, Prykarpatsky Military District, Drohobych, Lviv region), formed on the basis of the 81st and 82nd Special Forces, the number of battalions in the state No. 04/25 was 376 people, commander: Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov;
43rd Special Forces(military unit 32105, Transcaucasian Military District, the city of Manglisi, then - the city of Lagodekhi, Georgian SSR), formed on the basis of the 85th and 86th Special Forces, the number of battalions in state No. 04/25 was 376 people, commander: lieutenant colonel I.I. Geleverya;
61st Special Forces(military unit 32110, Turkestan Military District, Kazandzhik, then - the city of Samarkand, Uzbek SSR), formed on the basis of the 91st Special Forces, the number of battalions in state No. 04/24 was 253 people, commander: Lieutenant Colonel Tormtsev.

Three companies were kept separate, while they were transferred to the new state No. 04/23, the number of companies was 123 people:
75th OrdnSpN(military unit p/p 61272, Southern Group of Forces, Nyiregyhaze);
77th OrdnSpN(military unit 71108, Baltic Military District, Kaliningrad);
78th Special Forces(military unit 61290, Odessa Military District, Simferopol).

A separate special-purpose battalion included three special-purpose companies, a special radio communications platoon, a training platoon, and a logistics platoon.

A separate special-purpose company included a directorate, two reconnaissance platoons, a training reconnaissance platoon, a communications platoon, an automobile and economic department. A total of 112 people, incl. 9 officers and 9 conscripts, 6 vehicles (1 GAZ-69, 1 GAZ-51, 4 GAZ-63), 1 R-118 radio station based on ZIL-157. They were armed with AKS-47 assault rifles, PD-47 parachutes, then D-1 and D-1-8.

Separate battalions and special-purpose companies were stationed in the border districts and groups of troops and were subordinate to the commanders of the districts and groups. The combat training of the newly formed units began on December 1, 1957.

For the training of special forces officers, the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov, by directive NGSH No. 1546 of August 9, 1957, ordered the formation of a second airborne school (in addition to Ryazan) by January 15, 1958 in the GRU General Staff system (in addition to Ryazan) and deploy it in the city of Tambov. As you know, this attempt was the reason for the removal of the marshal from his post, and the school was never created.

The second wave of formation of special forces units occurred in 1961. In order to strengthen the special intelligence of the districts, in addition to the existing units, by directives of the General Staff No. Org / 3 / 61588 of August 21, 1961 and No. OSH / 2 / 347491 of August 26, 1961 By October 1, 1961, 8 more separate special-purpose companies were formed:
791st OrdnSpN(military unit 71603, Siberian Military District, Berdsk);
793rd OrSpN(military unit 55511, Moscow Military District, Voronezh);
799th OrdnSpN(military unit 55577, North Caucasian Military District, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region);
806th OrSpN(military unit 64656, Zabaikalsky Military District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia);
808th OrSpN(military unit 71606, Privolzhsky Military District, Kuibyshev);
820th OrSpN(military unit 55576, Kyiv Military District, Chernihiv);
822nd OrSpN(military unit 74973, Ural Military District, Sverdlovsk);
827th OrSpN(military unit 55505, Far Eastern Military District, Belogorsk).

Thus, by the end of 1961, the GRU special forces consisted of 5 separate battalions and 11 separate companies, which included 2,870 people in the state.

The reason for the creation of special forces units in the Armed Forces of the USSR was the appearance in service with a potential enemy of mobile nuclear attack weapons for operational-tactical and tactical purposes. Spetsnaz was conceived as a means of detecting the means of his nuclear attack behind enemy lines and having the ability to independently destroy him.

In addition to the destruction of nuclear attack weapons, other tasks facing the special forces in the first years of its existence were: reconnaissance of the concentration of enemy troops and objects in its deep rear; conducting sabotage at enemy rear facilities and communications, creating panic and disorganizing the work of the rear; organization and leadership of the national liberation movement; destruction of prominent military and political figures of the enemy. However, the latter task was subsequently removed from the guidance documents.

In accordance with the directive of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky No. Org / 2 / 395832 dated October 24, 1950, separate special-purpose companies are created with combined arms and mechanized armies, as well as with military districts that did not have army associations. In pursuance of this directive, in 1950 - 1953, according to state 04/20, 46 special-purpose companies were formed (41 army and 5 front-line in the border military districts of the western direction - the Baltic, Leningrad, Belorussian, Carpathian and Odessa):
66th OrdnSpN(military unit p/p 71060, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 3rd Shock Army, Güzen);
67th Special Forces(military unit p/p 61249, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 8th Guards Army, Halle);
68th Special Forces(military unit p/n 51198, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 1st Guards Mechanized Army);
69th OrdnSpN(military unit p/n 71063, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 2nd Guards Mechanized Army, Alt-Strelitz), commander: Captain F.I. Gredasov;
70th Special Forces(military unit p/p 61253, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 3rd Guards Mechanized Army);
71st Special Forces(military unit p/p 51200, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 4th Guards Mechanized Army);
72nd Special Forces(military unit p/p 71097, Central Group of Forces);
73rd Special Forces(military unit p/p 61256, Northern Group of Forces);
74th OrdnSpN(military unit 71104, Ural Military District, Separate mechanized army, Aramil settlement, Sverdlovsk region, RSFSR);
75th OrdnSpN(military unit 61272, Belomorsky Military District, settlement Nurmalishche, Olonetsky district, Karelian-Finnish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic);
76th Special Forces(military unit 51404, Leningrad Military District, settlement of Promezhitsy, Pskov region, RSFSR);
77th OrdnSpN(military unit 71108, Baltic Military District, 11th Guards Army, Kaliningrad, RSFSR), commander: Captain S. Tokmakov;
78th Special Forces(military unit 61290, Belarusian military district, 28th army, Grodno, BSSR);
79th Special Forces(military unit 51407, Belorussian Military District, 5th Guards Mechanized Army);
80th Special Forces(military unit 71109, Belarusian Military District, 7th mechanized army);
81st OrdnSpN(military unit 61321, Carpathian Military District, 13th Army, Lutsk, Volyn region, Ukrainian SSR);
82nd Special Forces(military unit 71116, Carpathian Military District, 38th Army, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Ukrainian SSR);
83rd OrdnSpN(military unit 61338, Carpathian Military District, 8th Mechanized Army, Zhitomir, Ukrainian SSR);
84th OrdnSpN(military unit 51410, Odessa Military District);
85th Special Forces(military unit 71126, Transcaucasian Military District, 4th Army, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR);
86th OrdnSpN(military unit 61428, Transcaucasian Military District, 7th Guards Army, Yerevan, Armenian SSR);
87th OrdnSpN(military unit 51462, Turkestan Military District);
88th Special Forces(military unit 51422, Far Eastern Military District, 37th Guards Airborne Corps);
89th Special Forces(military unit 71127, Far Eastern Military District, 1st Separate Red Banner Army);
90th Special Forces(military unit 61432, Trans-Baikal Military District, 6th Guards Mechanized Army);
91st Special Forces(military unit 51423, Primorsky Military District, 5th Army, Talovy settlement), commander: Major Rusinov;
92nd Special Forces(military unit 51447, Primorsky Military District, 25th Army, Art. Fighter Kuznetsov, Budennovsky District, Primorsky Territory), Commander: Major S.I. Dubovtsev;
93rd Special Forces(military unit p/p 71138, Primorsky Military District, 39th Army, Port Arthur, China);
94th Special Forces(military unit 61442, Far Eastern Military District, 14th Army);
95th Special Forces(military unit 61508, Separate Airborne Army, 8th Guards Airborne Corps);
96th OrdnSpN(military unit 71200, Separate Airborne Army, 15th Guards Airborne Corps);
97th Special Forces(military unit 71143, Separate Airborne Army, 38th Guards Airborne Corps);
98th Special Forces(military unit 61453, Separate Airborne Army, 39th Guards Airborne Corps);
99th OrdnSpN(military unit 51413, Arkhangelsk Military District, Arkhangelsk, RSFSR);
100th Special Forces(military unit 71145, Kyiv Military District, 1st Guards Army, Nizhyn, Chernigov Region, Ukrainian SSR), commander: Captain P.A. Malyakshin;
195th OrdnSpN(military unit 61503, Moscow Military District);
196th OrdnSpN(military unit 51425, Privolzhsky Military District);
197th OrdnSpN(military unit 51506, Ural Military District);
198th OrdnSpN(military unit 71147, South Ural Military District);
199th Special Forces(military unit 61504, East Siberian Military District);
200th Special Forces(military unit 51428, West Siberian Military District);
226th OrdnSpN(military unit 51511, North Caucasian Military District);
227th OrdnSpN(military unit 71185, Donskoy Military District, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, RSFSR), commander: Captain A.A. Snegirev;
228th Special Forces(military unit 61507, Tauride Military District);
229th OrdnSpN(military unit 51440, Gorky Military District);
230th Special Forces(military unit 71187, Voronezh Military District).

Organizationally, the special-purpose company included three special-purpose platoons, a training platoon and a communications platoon with a telephone and radio interception group. The number of personnel according to the state No. 04/20 of a separate special-purpose company (in the troops, for reasons of secrecy, they were simply called reconnaissance companies) was 112 people, including 9 officers, 10 sergeants and foremen of long-term service (ensigns in the Soviet Army then not yet) and 93 sergeants and conscripts.

The formation of individual companies took place both from scratch and on the basis of pre-existing reconnaissance units. For example, the 76th separate special-purpose company of the Leningrad Military District was formed on the basis of a training reconnaissance and sabotage platoon of the 237th Guards Parachute Regiment of the 76th Guards Airborne Division (Leningrad Military District, Pskov), and the 69th I am a separate special-purpose company of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army - based on a separate reconnaissance battalion of the 9th Guards Tank Division. Responsibility for the formation and training of special forces units was assigned to the intelligence departments of the headquarters of the respective military districts.

When training personnel, the main attention was paid to reconnaissance, sabotage, airborne training and mine-blasting with the use of special means.

The general leadership of the special forces was entrusted to a specially created direction under the 2nd department of the 3rd directorate (military intelligence) of the 2nd Main Directorate (GRU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. It was headed by Colonel P.I. Stepanov.

“... in despotic states, governments
create two armies: one to fight their
enemies, and the other in order to keep in
obedience to one's own people."
J. Fuller,
British military historian

“There were no police special forces in the USSR -
democracy was not developed…”
V. Vlasenko,
colonel, veteran of the Internal Troops

Donetsk special forces - fighters of the 23rd separate special-purpose battalion of the NSU, 1998

In the late 1970s in the USSR, new, until then unknown, types of crimes are spreading: the seizure of aircraft by terrorists, the taking of hostages in correctional labor institutions, and so on. To act in such extreme situations, specially trained groups of military personnel were required, ready for skillful, decisive and quick actions to neutralize dangerous criminals. This was very relevant in connection with the forthcoming Summer Olympic Games in 1980.

The first attempt to create such a unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs dates back to 1973. Then, as part of a special operation to free hostages taken at Bykovo Airport, Moscow Region, a combined operational military detachment (SOVO) was formed. However, at the end of the operation, it was disbanded.

But special forces were needed. As a result, in accordance with the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of December 29, 1977, on the basis of the 9th (sports) company of the 3rd battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle regiment named after. The sixtieth anniversary of the Komsomol (military unit 3186), which was part of the famous Separate Motorized Rifle Orders of Lenin and the October Revolution of the Red Banner Special Purpose Division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR named after. F.E. Dzerzhinsky (military unit 3111, Reutovo, Moscow Region), a special-purpose training company (URSpN) was formed. This unit, which later became the Vityaz special forces detachment, was intended primarily to develop and apply training programs for special forces units of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The first special unit proved to be quite successful, and a decision was made in the Combat Training Directorate of the GUVV on the further development of special forces. By order of the head of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR of April 10, 1979, special-purpose training units were created to act in critical situations in motorized rifle and special motorized units. They were trained according to the general program of combat and political training, during physical training, the emphasis was on studying the techniques of hand-to-hand combat, which were necessary to detain especially dangerous criminals.

In Donetsk, the URSpN was formed in 1990 as part of the 50th separate operational motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

Fans of military history know that the history of the Soviet armed forces is fraught with many secrets and mysteries. The origin (so to speak) of the 50th motorized rifle regiment is also a mystery.

The fact is that this part had, as it were, two stories: real and mythological, so to speak legendary. Moreover, the highlight (or, as they would say now, “trick”) is that the mythological history has become the official history of the part, and the real one has been safely forgotten.

According to the official (that is, mythological) version, this military unit was created in 1926 to protect the western border of the USSR in the city of Sebezh as the 11th Sebezh border detachment of the OGPU. Then the 11th border detachment was part of the NKVD troops of the Leningrad District and was stationed in the village. Red Leningrad region. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 001419 dated September 25, 1941, the border detachment was reorganized into the 11th border regiment. In the period 1941 - 1945. the unit performed combat missions to protect the rear of the Northern, Northwestern, Volkhov, 2nd Baltic and 1st Ukrainian fronts, and then proceeded to guard the rear of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOVG). In May 1946, the unit became known as the 11th Infantry Regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

According to another (real, but forgotten) version, the 11th Infantry Regiment of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was formed by order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 0012 dated January 12, 1949 in Karl-Marx-Stadt (Germany) to protect uranium ore mining and enrichment facilities . And he had nothing in common, except for the number, with the 11th border regiment.

It is no longer possible to establish which of the political officers (namely, they most often dealt with the history of military units) attributed the heroic military past to the regiment. But everyone liked this “past” and successfully took root.

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 004 of January 21, 1957, in connection with the disbandment of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Germany, the 11th Infantry Regiment was withdrawn to the territory of the USSR and stationed in the city of Stalino (since 1961 - Donetsk).

By order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 0507 of August 22, 1957, the 11th rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was reorganized into the 67th separate motorized rifle division of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0055 of November 28, 1968, the 67th division was transformed into the 510th separate motorized rifle battalion of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

In the late 1980s - early 1990s. parts of the internal troops took an active part in establishing law and order in the course of numerous interethnic conflicts on the territory of the USSR. But it was hard for them to cope with official workloads. The command of the internal troops, having carried out analytical calculations, came to the conclusion that it was necessary to increase the organizational strength of operational units.

As a result, by order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 03 of January 18, 1990, the 510th battalion was deployed into the 50th separate operational motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

And immediately, the servicemen of the newly created regiment had a chance to take part in ending the Armenian-Azerbaijani armed conflict in the city of Nakhichevan, having made three business trips in the confrontation zone: in the spring and summer of 1990 and in the spring of 1991.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR No. 1465-XII of August 30, 1991 “On the subordination of internal troops stationed on its territory to Ukraine”, units and subunits of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs stationed on the territory of the republic came under the jurisdiction of Ukraine.

On November 4, 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine No. 1774-XII "On the National Guard of Ukraine". According to the law, the National Guard was entrusted with the functions of protecting the constitutionality and inviolability of Ukraine, participating in the aftermath of accidents and natural disasters, protecting borders, especially important state facilities, embassies and consulates of foreign states, and public order.

By order of the Commander of the NSU No. 02 dated January 2, 1992, the 11th regiment of the NSU (military unit 4111) was formed on the basis of the 50th separate operational motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395). At the same time, the special forces regimental company was deployed into a special-purpose battalion.

Sleeve patches of the special forces battalion of the 11th regiment of the NSU, 1992 - 1998.

In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 158 “On measures to protect the state border of Ukraine with the Republic of Moldova” dated March 17, 1992, the servicemen of the special purpose battalion of the regiment took part in the protection of the Ukrainian border in the zone of the Transnistrian armed conflict.

In 1995, the management and units of the regiment moved from the street. Oil on the street. Kuprin, to the barracks of the former Donetsk Higher Military-Political School of Engineering Troops and Signal Corps. Army General A.A. Epishev. In 1996, the 11th regiment of the NSU included a special-purpose battalion (military unit 4111 "C"), which remained on the street. Oil, 2 motorized rifle battalions (2 companies each), fire support division, anti-aircraft division (armed with ZU-23-2 installations), combat support company, logistics company, repair company, communications company. The military equipment of the units of the regiment was very diverse and consisted of three types of armored personnel carriers BTR-60PB, BTR-70 and BTR-80.

"Show-off" - demonstration performances of special forces

In 1995 - 1996 as part of the further improvement of the organizational and staffing structure of the NGU, which suffered significant "losses" when transferring part of its units to the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, separate special-purpose units were created as part of the guard. The first such unit was the 17th separate special-purpose battalion of the NSU "White Panther" (military unit 2215), formed on April 4, 1995 on the basis of the special-purpose battalion of the 1st regiment of the NSU (military unit 4101, Kyiv) in with. New Petrivtsi, Vyshgorodsky district, Kyiv region. And the second was the 23rd separate special-purpose battalion of the NSU "Grom" (military unit 2243), formed on December 26, 1996 on the basis of the special-purpose battalion of the 11th regiment of the NSU (military unit 4111, Donetsk).

Sleeve patch and a special emblem on the headgear (beret) of the 23rd Separate Special Forces Battalion of the Novosibirsk State University

Two years later, in the course of another reform in the guard, by order of the KNGU No. 365 of December 26, 1998, the 11th regiment of the NGU was transformed into the 26th brigade of the special purpose of the NGU (military unit 4111).

In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 1586/99 "On the transfer of units of the National Guard of Ukraine to other military formations" of December 17, 1999 and the Law of Ukraine No. 1363-XIV "On the disbandment of the National Guard of Ukraine" of January 11, 2000, by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine No. 37 "On the acceptance of formations, military units, institutions, institutions of the National Guard of Ukraine and their subordination into the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine" dated January 19, 2000, the 26th brigade and the 23rd separate special forces battalion of the NGU became part of VV MIA of Ukraine.

After some time, the 26th brigade was reorganized into the 44th operational regiment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (military unit 4111), and the 23rd separate battalion became part of it, becoming the regiment's line special forces battalion.

Subsequently, the 44th regiment was reorganized into the 34th separate operational battalion of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (military unit 4111), which was disbanded on November 20, 2004. Its personnel as a linear operational battalion was merged into the 17th special motorized police regiment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (military unit 3037).

But this sad story of the "death" of the Donetsk special forces was not without a curiosity. Now the political officers (that is, deputies for educational work) of the 17th motorized police regiment “privatized” the legendary version of the formation of the 50th separate motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs and deduce a new genealogy from the 11th border regiment of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War simply on the basis the fact that the operational line battalion of the regiment once belonged to the glorious cohort of the special forces of the Internal Troops.

Former commander of the 23rd Special Purpose Battalion of NSU A.S. Nadtochy

And, finally, a few words about another little-known division of the Donetsk special forces. By order of the commander of the National Guard of Ukraine No. 85 dated April 15, 1998, a Separate Special Purpose Reconnaissance Company (military unit 2240 “R”) was formed as part of the 4th division of the NGU (military unit 2240, Donetsk). The personnel of the company consisted of 7 officers, 1 ensign, 12 contract soldiers and 52 soldiers and sergeants of military service. Athletes and strong guys from special forces throughout the division were selected into the company. Airborne training with parachute jumps was organized for the military personnel of the company at the OSOU (Society for Assistance to the Defense of Ukraine, former DOSAAF) airfield near the city of Mospino, after which the scouts were handed airborne blue berets. In 1999, the company was renamed the Separate Intelligence Unit for Special Purpose and Anti-Terror. After the transfer of the units of the NSU to the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, its traditions are inherited by the special-purpose intelligence company of the 17th special motorized police regiment (military unit 3037), although it already consisted entirely of contract soldiers, and parachute jumps were made at the OSOU airfield near Volnovakha at your own expense...

Separate reconnaissance unit of the 4th division of the Novosibirsk State University, Mospino, 1998

"Hussars" in Bamut.

We flew to Chechnya in the fall and a turntable took us, there were 6 of us, and 6 two-hundredths were unloaded from the turntable and the pilot said smiling, "And what about you to replace this or something?". But we returned alive, it did not come true.
.

876 A separate special-purpose company, based in the Costa region of Vladikavkaz, at first took an active part in the aftermath of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. Chermen, Chermensky circle, Tarskoye, Vladikavkaz. Patrol at the border, demining, protection of important people such as: Lozovoy, Kvashnin, Troshev and Shamanov. Then a business trip to Chechnya, I stayed there for 9 months. Basically, the unit was in Khankala and, by order, they were sent to the mountains by helicopter, then they processed squares in the mountains on foot, search and destruction of the irreconcilable, either by artillery or by aircraft, liquidation of oil refineries, search and release of prisoners and capture of the Mujahideen. Bamut was a demobilization chord for me.
.

"Hussars" in Bamut.
.

We got to Bamut for two or three weeks. Our task was to blockade the village and continue to save the prisoners during the assault, if any. This was the only time when we acted with the reconnaissance company of the 166th Motorized Rifle Brigade (with the “Mad Company”) to Bamut, we walked from the other side of the pass, there was such a moment: we confused them with militants and called artillery on them.

“My radio battery died, it only worked for reception. And I heard how someone with the call sign "Hussar" contacts our artillery and asks to send 3-5 "cucumbers" (min), they say they are watching some kind of body. At the same time, our coordinates are called. The god of war was not stingy, sent 5 "cucumbers", and, most surprisingly, they did not miss this time.
.

Left: Nikolay "Svyaz" and Yura "Moroz" in Bamut.

Near Bamut, we did not have skirmishes with militants, except for a single shelling, where we managed with one wounded. It was like this: We were walking from the bottom, and the militants were higher, they were noisy, we heard and lay down under the leaves of the fern (probably), in principle, the bearded men could see in the sight, but if they entered the battle, they would have killed many of us. Our position was not favorable. We waited ... someone apparently noticed something from them and gave a turn through the foliage in our direction. One bullet entered our guy, who was with VSS, in the arm, in the pulp. He was in front of me, I only saw how he clenched his teeth on the belt of the machine gun. There was no more shooting.

Later, we tried to contact the Lunatics, but they turned off the radio. "cucumbers" flew at us and at them, well, they apparently decided that they were detecting and beating by communication. We also turned off for a while (in fact, the radio operator Nikolai Svyaz simply ran out of battery on the radio and he worked only for reception).

The moment of the meeting and its details with the "Mad Company" was not remembered. We had a delay the day before, the turntable didn't arrive on time. And since yesterday evening we have been “on the easy side”, the fighters have not eaten anything. And then the guys shared with us dry rations.

"Hussars".

On the armor of the BMP "Hussars", on the right are the guys from the "Mad Company".

Then we went down from the hills, it was already completely dark. An order was given that to spend the night by the stream, if paired patrols appeared, then clean up silently - with knives and silent weapons. At night, when it started to rain, we ended up in a stream, and we wallowed in the water all night. In my opinion, something happened at night, but it's like "like drinking tea." Somewhere it’s noisy, you’re in line, then it seems like they answered, well, a couple more people will join you. On the morning of May 25, together with the Lunatics, they entered Bamut. As such, I don’t remember the battle, small skirmishes are not clear at whom, or rather we shot, before entering the house or courtyards, there were underground passages between the houses, grenades were thrown there, and so the whole village was plowed up by artillery. So the whole day passed, then we occupied some house and spent the night there. Then I had a little fight with the officers, we were tired, all the berets were covered in clay, and they let us drive like spirits, well, we sort of "pulled the shutters" a little. On the second day of our stay in Bamut, we went to the dungeons, missile silos, there was nothing interesting there, garbage was dirt and crap, then they brought sappers, Shamanov flew in and then they rushed these mines at the entrance, the entrance was filled up and everyone went home. I don’t remember years ago, it seems, on the turntable “Korova” in Khankala, the order for demobilization has long been. From Khankala by turntable back to Vladikavkaz and then home by train.

URSN (Special Forces Training Company listen)) - the first special forces unit in the internal troops of the Soviet Union.

According to the staff of the URSN, it was the 9th company of the 3rd motorized rifle battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle regiment of the Separate Motorized Rifle Division of the Special Purpose of the VV of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (OMSDON).

In the 70s and 80s, in the troops of the Moscow garrison and among the employees of the Moscow Central Internal Affairs Directorate, it was better known as the "Ninth Company" - the special forces of the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Story

The question of creating special forces units first arose in preparation for the 1980 Olympics, which was to be held in Moscow. Everyone remembered the failure of the police operation to free the hostages in Munich, when the entire Israeli team, taken hostage by terrorists, died.

In the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at that time there was no full-time unit capable of solving the tasks of releasing hostages, detaining or eliminating highly trained armed groups. True, in 1973 SOVO (combined operational military detachment) was formed to solve special problems. He took part in the operation to free hostages held by terrorists in a hijacked plane at Bykovo Airport. However, this formation was created temporarily, urgently, for a specific task. Soldiers of various units, as well as employees of various services, gathered in the detachment for the duration of the task. Accordingly, coherence, interaction and professionalism in such a unit were lame.

Considering all of the above, on December 29, 1977, a special-purpose training company (URSN) was created. The first company commander was Captain V. A. Maltsev (in 2002, Major General, Deputy Head of the Operations Directorate of the Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), and one of the platoon commanders, Lieutenant Sergey Lysyuk, the future commander of the Vityaz, Hero of Russia. The choice for the 9th company was not accidental. In terms of the level of general physical training of the fighters, it certainly surpassed the rest of the units not only of the 2nd regiment, but of the entire division. The company, was a sports unit that served as a base, a reserve for the Dynamo society, was staffed exclusively by conscripts who, at the time of the call, had a sports category of at least a candidate for master of sports in athletics, gymnastics, boxing, wrestling (sambo, judo), bullet shooting and other sports disciplines.

There were three platoons in the company, twenty people each: the 1st - construction, the 2nd - to prepare for action in the gym and for a demonstration show to the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Boxers, wrestlers, acrobats, gymnasts, etc. were selected for the platoon. The 3rd platoon was also athletic, but focused on handling weapons. He prepared like a fireman. The armament was regular. But in the 3rd platoon, there were additionally two AKM assault rifles with PBS.

It was in this unit that, for the first time in the Soviet Union, the maroon beret was adopted as a uniform headdress. By the spring of 1978, by order of the deputy commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Lieutenant General Sidorov, 50 berets were brought from Gorky. 25 green and 25 maroon. The form was normal. Only the 2nd platoon was dressed in a uniform for areas with a hot climate. It differed from the usual one in that straight-cut trousers with ankle fasteners and boots are worn. This form was considered the highest chic. Later, the right to wear the specified headgear was granted only to fighters who had reached a certain level of combat and physical training. To this end, the applicant had to pass the Trials. URSN is the first special forces unit in the internal troops of the Soviet Union. It was in this company that the traditions of the special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were born. It was this company that served as the foundation for the creation in the future of all parts of the special forces of the USSR MV and, subsequently, the Russian MV. It was on the basis of the UBSN, after the company was reformed into a battalion, that the first Vityaz unit was formed. In fact, URSN is the founder of the special forces of the explosives.

At the first stage, a program was created that provided for actions in various emergency situations at the Olympic Games, namely, when hostages were taken in ground transport, on an airplane. The materials of the program were based on the experience and developments of the special forces of the KGB, the Airborne Troops, and foreign anti-terrorist units.

Intensive classes made it possible to prepare the company for the Olympics to perform the assigned tasks with high quality. The company at that time often trained together with the USSR KGB Group "A" (Alpha) being created at that time. The URSN fighters were superior to the Alfa in physical training, but the Alphas were better in firepower. It should be recalled here that officers served in Alpha, and conscripts served in URSN.

URSN, or, as it was also called, the 9th company, was a legend not only of the Dzerzhinsky Division, but also of the internal troops as a whole.

Participation in military operations

• The operation to free the hostages held by armed criminals in a school near Izhevsk in the summer of 1981. None of the hostages were hurt.

• Suppression of riots on the basis of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict in Ordzhonikidze on October 21, 1981, the detention of the instigators.

• Protection of investigators of the Prosecutor General's Office who were involved in the "Uzbek case" in 1984.

• September 20, 1986, together with group "A" of the KGB of the USSR, participation in the operation to apprehend armed criminals who killed several policemen and free the plane they seized in Ufa.

• February 1988 - the suppression of Armenian pogroms in the city of Sumgayit of the Azerbaijan SSR, the detention of the organizers of the riots, active participants.

• July 4. Operation to unblock the runway and air traffic control tower of Zvartnots airport in Yerevan, seized by extremists in order to prevent the arrival of military transport aircraft with OMSDON units. The airport was unblocked without bloodshed, which allowed the planes to land safely and turn around in time for the arriving units.

• September 1988 - protection of the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Armenia, senior officials of the ministry.

• The second half of 1988 - special measures to suppress the activities of illegal gangs in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and the city of Baku.

• In 1989, a conflict broke out in the Ferghana Valley between Uzbek extremists and Meskhetian Turks. As a result of the skillful actions of the soldiers and officers of the company, the lives of hundreds of people of different nationalities were saved, many crimes were prevented, a large number of weapons were seized, the instigators of the riots were arrested, and gangs preparing terrorist attacks against civilians were liquidated.

• In 1990, in the temporary detention center of Sukhumi, a group of prisoners sentenced to death took the employees of the temporary detention center hostage, after which they opened the cells with the arrested, took possession of the weapons stored in the detention center, which had previously been confiscated from the population, and demanded transport. The operation to free the hostages was carried out jointly by employees of the special unit of the KGB of the USSR "Alpha" and URSN fighters. As a result of the operation, the organizers of the riot were destroyed, none of the hostages were injured. One Alpha employee and one URSN fighter were wounded.

The Fergana events prompted the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to increase the organizational and staffing structure of the special forces unit of the VV. In 1989, the URSN was reorganized into a battalion (UBSN), on the basis of which, on May 5, 1991, the formation of a special unit "Vityaz" began. Later, other special forces units were created in the internal troops, but the day the URSN was created can rightfully be considered the birthday of the entire military special forces of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Notes

Sources

• On June 19, solemn events dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the formation of a separate operational division of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will be held.

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At the peak of development, the special forces of the GRU General Staff consisted of sixteen separate brigades (obrSpN) for special purposes (one in each military district or group of troops) and separate companies (orSpN) - one in each combined arms army. With the exception of the Red Banner Transcaucasian Military District, where there were two (12th and 22nd, Kandahar) brigades.

Each special forces unit included a separate company - a company of special mines - the most formidable (and secret) weapon of special forces - portable nuclear land mines. To get to serve in such a company was equally difficult and honorable - a kind of elite of the elite ...

Specialists (signalmen and sappers), junior command personnel, as well as warrant officers for special forces units were trained in the city of Pechory (Leningrad Military District) in the 1071st Special Purpose Training Regiment (disbanded in 1999). In 1985, the 467th separate special-purpose training regiment was formed in the city of Chirchik (Uzbek SSR, Turkestan military district). They trained both sergeants and many specialists - reconnaissance snipers, gunners, AGS-17 grenade launchers, sappers and radio operators, as well as ordinary reconnaissance officers.

Officers for special forces were trained on the basis of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School. Initially, it was one company of cadets. Since 1981, in connection with the war in Afghanistan, on the basis of platoons of the famous ninth company, the 13th and 14th companies were formed, which were later consolidated into a battalion. Since 1994, the battalion in full strength was transferred to the Novosibirsk Higher Combined Arms Command School and deployed to five companies (the First Chechen began). Before the collapse of the USSR, in 1991, officers for special forces were trained by the intelligence department of the Kyiv VOK. The graduates of other combined-arms (infantry, in other words) schools were not closed to special forces. Graduates of the Baku, Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Far East and other schools served no less valiantly in special forces.

Specialist officers came from specialized schools. Engineers were provided by the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School. Signalers - Cherepovets Higher Military Command School of Communications. The Perm Higher Military Command and Engineering School of the Missile Forces supplied specialists to the special mining companies (jokingly, the commander of the special mining group was called the "commander of the atomic bomb", the group was not numerous - only four scouts). Motorists came from Chelyabinsk, airborne service specialists from Ryazan, from the Faculty of Engineering.

Served in parts of special forces and naval officers. Each of the four fleets of the USSR Navy and the Caspian flotilla had naval special forces units. From separate brigades in the part of the Navy, companies were regularly seconded to undergo naval training. And the personnel of individual companies of special forces (as well as reconnaissance battalions of combined arms divisions) underwent airborne training at the training base of individual brigades. In addition, the usual rotation of officers in military districts took place. As a result, in a small officer corps, almost everyone knew everyone, if not personally, then through one handshake. This contributed to the formation of a special corporate spirit.

The retraining of special forces officers took place at the legendary "SHOT" courses in the city of Solnechnogorsk, Moscow Region, for officers of special mining companies - in Zagoryansky. Some of the officers could continue their studies at the Military Academy. Frunze or at the Military Academy of the Soviet Army (otherwise it was called the Military Diplomatic Academy). Graduates of the latter often went to the Foreign Intelligence Service of the GRU General Staff or to the corps of military attaches.

The main purpose of special forces is reconnaissance and sabotage activities in the rear of regular enemy troops. The primary targets are nuclear attack facilities, command and control posts, headquarters, high-precision weapons systems, airfields and air defense facilities. The concept of the combat use of special forces did not provide for its actions to combat partisans, bandit groups, illegal armed formations, militants, and so on. However, it was the special forces units that turned out to be the most adapted to counterguerrilla warfare in the deserts and mountains of Afghanistan and Chechnya due to their high morale, professionalism and flexible tactics. The special forces have to perform tasks that are not at all characteristic of them - guarding arsenals and airfields, escorting columns, personal protection of senior officers of the district headquarters and the headquarters itself, searching for and destroying armed deserters. (There were also quite exotic tasks, such as searching for the missing artillery ammunition with a special charge) The assignment of typical tasks of infantry or commandant companies to scouts was most often associated with the degradation of the personnel of motorized rifle units and, as a result, the inability to perform their tasks.

At the end of the 90s, special mining companies were abolished in the brigades. Separate companies were abolished. The training regiment and the ensign school were disbanded. Since 2010, there has been no recruitment of cadets to the Novosibirsk VOK for the special intelligence department. The recruitment of officers of special forces units to military academies and special courses has been stopped. The military-political leadership of the country also decided to disband separate special forces brigades. Today, there are four of them left in the Armed Forces of the country! The Russian Federation is not the USSR, the territory is smaller and there seems to be no global enemy, but it is very reckless to do so, I think!

In fact, special forces units remained the only units capable of resisting irregular armed formations in local conflicts. The price of combat experience of special forces is more than eight hundred dead scouts! And it turns out no one needs it! And this is at a time when the Caucasus is blazing, and sparks fly to the central part of the country. Personally, I do not understand such decisions. A gift for the holiday was the recent decision of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense to abolish the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff. We don't need military intelligence! So decided Serdyukov. The Supreme Commander approved! Of course, the officers have not gone away - they joined the ranks of the FSB and the FSO, Vympel and regional anti-terrorist centers, OMON, and so on. Others joined the orderly ranks of the personal guards of the oligarchs, someone went into business, someone into crime. But this is another story, this is not the history of special forces.

Happy holiday! Happy 61st Anniversary of the Special Forces!