Staphylococcus aureus on the skin treatment in children. Staphylococcus aureus in children. Basic treatment methods

31.10.2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a species of bacteria that belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family. The bacterium got its name due to the spherical shape of the cells, which are arranged relative to each other in the form of clusters (Greek kokkas - “grain”). These microorganisms are capable of producing pathogenic substances (enzymes and toxins) that disrupt the vital activity of cells in the body.

Types of staphylococcus

The diagnosis of staphylococcal infection in children (including newborns and infants) is familiar to many parents firsthand, as it ranks first among infectious diseases. These include diseases respiratory tract, skin infections, disorders of the digestive processes in the intestines, inflammation bone tissue and various organs of the human body. Bacteria are found in feces, blood, on the surface of damaged areas of the skin. Treatment of such consequences occurs in several stages and requires high professionalism of the attending physician.

However, not all types of this microbe are harmful. For example, staphylococcus in a child's throat is not terrible if the baby is healthy and has strong immunity (even if the norm of bacteria is slightly exceeded). Most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus in infants in the active phase, the treatment of which requires immediate hospitalization.

Types of staphylococcus:

Saprophytic staphylococcus. This type rarely occurs in children, as it often affects the genitourinary system (skin and mucous membranes). It is considered less dangerous to humans. If the treatment is chosen correctly, then it is realistic to get rid of the microbe in a few days.
Epidermal staphylococcus. The name speaks for itself. This species is found on all areas of the skin and mucous membranes (in the nose, eyes, mouth or internal pharynx). Most often it affects children who have undergone surgery, as well as premature and debilitated babies. It is not dangerous for the body of a healthy child, even the presence of epidermal staphylococcus aureus in a newborn is considered the norm, if at the same time the baby feels well. When the skin is affected, topical treatment is often prescribed.
Staphylococcus aureus. Perhaps the most dangerous and insidious of known microorganisms. Got its name because of the orange or yellow color colonies. Many people mistakenly believe that Staphylococcus aureus lives only in the intestines. In a laboratory study, it can be found in feces, mucous membranes (even in the mouth), on the surface of the skin. If the child is not worried about anything, treatment is not prescribed, since the baby's body itself successfully copes with these bacteria.

Treatment of the infection is very difficult process, since Staphylococcus aureus is very resistant to exposure and is quickly transmitted:

Staphylococcus aureus can withstand about 10 minutes. at +80 ;
treatment with most antibiotics and antiseptics often does not work, since Staphylococcus aureus easily adapts to them;
active when dried up to 6 months 12 hours when exposed to direct sunlight;
Staphylococcus aureus is not afraid of sodium chloride, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide.

Symptoms of infection

The symptoms and signs of a staph infection depend on many factors, such as:

the age of the child;
habitat of bacteria (food, dust);
the health and general condition of the baby (immune system, the presence of other diseases);
type of staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus in infants more often than others contributes to a violent reaction of the immune system).

Only a specialist can make a correct diagnosis. Parents can only carefully monitor the condition of the child and inform the health worker about certain reactions of the baby.

There are two forms of staphylococcal infection: early and late. In the early form, the characteristic symptoms of infection appear within a few hours after the bacterium enters the body. The late form may appear in 3-5 days.

The main symptoms and signs of staphylococcal infection in children:

Various skin rashes - boils (mainly in the nose), pustules, rash, stomatitis (in the mouth). It is worth consulting a doctor if unusual spots or pustules appear on the skin of a child. Conjunctivitis (bacteria on the mucous membrane, in the eyes) is also often observed in infected children. If you start a staphylococcal infection, there is a danger of damage internal organs and worse, sepsis.
Deterioration general condition child - heat(from 38.8 and above), lethargy, apathy.
Violation of the digestive processes in the stomach and intestines - vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite.

Diagnostics

Parents will not be able to independently determine which infection has entered the child's body. To do this, you need to conduct a laboratory study.

Bacteriological culture. This type of study checks for the presence of bacteria in the blood, pus, mucous membranes (usually in the nose), in feces and on the surface of the skin. The material for analysis is taken in the acute period of infection, since at this moment the bacteria are especially active, they are easier to detect and recognize. After that, the degree of impact of antibiotics on the detected bacteria is examined in order to prescribe an effective treatment. Staphylococcus aureus in children does not always appear the first time in a routine blood test, so the bacteriological seeding method is considered the most effective.
Serological blood test. The blood serum is examined for the presence of antibodies to the infectious agent.
PCR method (polymerase chain reaction). Allows you to detect even a single molecule of bacterial DNA. Applied as an additional study.
Survey breast milk mother. Often carried out when detected (more than the allowable rate) in the feces of a child, since the bacterium is easily transmitted from the mother. The expressed milk is tested for the presence of the infectious agent. The main thing for such a study is sterility. If staphylococcus bacteria is found in milk, it is very rarely canceled breast-feeding As a rule, specialists select the appropriate treatment.

In each laboratory, there is a norm for the content of bacteria in the analysis, that is, the presence of a small amount of staphylococcus aureus in the body does not indicate an infection, especially if there are no symptoms. These bacteria do not need to be treated.

It is up to medical professionals to treat infections, only they can prescribe specific recommendations and drugs, having examined the overall picture of the infection. It is enough for parents to know modern methods of treatment, in case there are doubts about the prescribed measures, since doctors often play it safe.

Ways to treat a staphylococcal infection:

local treatment. It involves processing by special means wounds, pustules and other rashes on the body, in the nose and other areas. The most insidious Staphylococcus aureus is very sensitive to a solution of brilliant green, in other words, it is an ordinary brilliant green. More often, several agents are used (70% alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, Vishnevsky ointment).
Treatment antibacterial drugs. It is not always appropriate to treat Staphylococcus aureus with antibiotics, especially if it is found only in the baby's stool. To begin with, it is worth conducting a bacteriological study.
Washing the affected areas and rinsing. They are used both as an additional therapy and for the treatment of simple forms of staphylococcus aureus in the nose, mouth and internal pharynx.
Taking vitamins and minerals to improve metabolism.
Immunoglobulins. Such medicines are prescribed to restore the protective functions of the body.
Transfusion of blood and plasma. It is used in case of severe infection.
Surgical intervention.

Preventing an infection is easier than treating it. Prevention of staphylococcal infection in children is directly related to the condition defense mechanisms organism. healthy child staphylococcus is not dangerous, it can easily cope with it, so the main task of parents is to prevent factors that negatively affect the baby's body.

These include:

malnutrition (sweets, unhealthy fats, smoked meats, sausages, fast food);
sedentary lifestyle (rare walks, passion for computer games);
violation of the rules of personal hygiene;
stressful situations (problems in the family, in kindergarten or nervousness of parents);
unfavorable environment (presence a large number electrical equipment in the house, polluted air).

Staphylococcus is easily transmitted, but with a sufficiently strong immunity, it is not terrible. A small amount of bacteria is the norm for a person, so it is better to take care of improving health, since at the slightest weakening they are ready to attack the body of both an adult and a child.

Staphylococcus is a fairly common bacterium in children, but infection with some types of strains has a fairly powerful course. About 27 strains of staphylococcus bacteria are known to medicine, but only 4 of them have a real danger to a person of any age. Don't panic right away. You should consult a doctor and determine what type of staphylococcus the baby is infected with.

By staphylococcus it is customary to mean a microorganism from the Staphylococcaceae family (from the Greek “grain”). The bacterium is named staphylococcal because of its shape. cellular structure, which are born in the form of a ball. They are compactly arranged with each other like a vine. The danger of microorganisms lies in the ability to produce and secrete pathogenic organic components (toxic elements and enzyme compounds) that disrupt the healthy functioning of the whole organism. It is easiest for children to get sick with a pathogenic infection. It is they who are more likely to have aggressive factors from the outside.

Frequent cases of “neighborhood” of staphylococcus infection with salmonella or Escherichia coli against the background of severe dysbacteriosis. bacterial infection in children is to reduce the protective function of immunity.

The form of infection can be different (temporary or permanent). Carriers of staphylococcus bacteria can appear to be both sick and healthy people. The course of the disease takes place in varying degrees of severity, due to the differing classification of the pathogen itself.

Due to the production of toxic enzymes, staphylococcus aureus can cause sepsis, meningitis, various abscesses, inflammatory processes of soft and hard purulent nature, pneumonia.

Infected newborns are most often exposed to extensive sepsis, which is explained by the maximum generalization and progression of the inflammatory process. Staphylococcal infection penetrates and develops not only in the cavitary part of the intestine, but also in hard tissues (bones, cartilage), on the skin, in the oral and nasal cavities, in the respiratory tract along the descending and ascending lines.

Strains of staphylococci show incredible resistance to the effects of the most advanced, therefore, there are risks for the child to develop an inflammatory process with the formation of internal and external foci of abscess. It is important to identify the disease in time, determine the type of pathogen and begin immediate adequate therapy.

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Types of staphylococcus and stages of development during infection

Staphylococcus in children, including the earliest age, occurs quite often, therefore it occupies a leading position among all diseases of an infectious nature. Diseases of a bacterial nature can cover entire groups of organs and systems of the body:

respiratory tract (lower, upper)
gastrointestinal dysfunction (complete, partial)
inflammation of hard and soft tissues
infection of the urinary system

Bacteria are detected by bacteriological examination of feces, a detailed biochemical blood test, with scrapings of the surface of damaged skin. Medical tactics have a multi-stage approach to the problem, and the duration of recovery is proportional to the neglect of the situation and the type of staphylococcal strain.

Saprophytic staphylococcus aureus

This type of infection is rarely diagnosed in children and is considered the least dangerous disease. The main lesions are the urinary system, including the skin and mucous tissues. When timely and adequate is prescribed, then getting rid of the disease can occur in a couple of days.

epidermal type of staphylococcus

The infection can affect the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. It is found in the eyes, in the nose, in the internal pharynx. Children in the postnatal period, in a state of prematurity, with reduced immunity are prone to the disease. The presence of epidermal type staphylococcus in medicine is considered and does not pose a serious danger to a healthy child. If the child's well-being does not suffer, then only local therapy is prescribed.

Staphylococcus aureus

Represents a serious danger to human life and health. It is especially difficult to tolerate in childhood. There is an erroneous opinion about the existence of Staphylococcus aureus only in the intestinal cavity. With more thorough laboratory studies, it is found in the mouth, on the skin, in stool tests. When, against the background of the course of staphylococcus, the child's well-being remains unchanged, then it is not advisable to prescribe treatment, the body fights harmful microorganisms on its own.

Treatment of a bacterial infection is a long and difficult undertaking. This is due to the high resistance of pathogenic microorganisms:

bacteria can withstand temperatures up to 800 degrees for about 15 minutes
staphylococcus is not amenable to treatment with most of the strongest medicines
when dried, it remains viable for up to six months
resistant to hydrogen solution and even sodium chloride

It should be noted that not all types of staphylococcus adversely affect human body and cause pathogenic changes in it. If a child has a stable and high immune response, then his well-being can remain unchanged even with the slightest excess of the bacteria content. When infected with Staphylococcus aureus babies early age or the neonatal period, you should immediately seek medical attention, followed by hospitalization.

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Symptomatic complex and features of the manifestation of infection

Staphylococcus bacteria, depending on the type and localization of infectious foci, has various clinical signs. They share common local and general external manifestations of infection, and each of them can be expressed in a certain intensity.

Local symptoms of staphylococcus development

Skin rashes in the form of abscesses (boils, abscesses). Often diagnosed in children in the nose and throat. A serious manifestation of the disease is evidenced by the appearance of large spots, carbuncles and other skin formations.
Organic mucus interspersed with pus (phlegm, snot). indicates damage to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract along the descending and ascending lines.

General signs of the development of staphylococcus aureus in children

Problems associated with severe intoxication. Strong, high temperature, including slender about 37.3 degrees. The child may experience flushing or excessive pallor skin. The result of severe intoxication in children is almost always profuse vomiting and a feeling of constant nausea.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction, expressed in liquefaction of the stool, an increase in the volume of the abdomen, the accumulation of intestinal gases and other manifestations.
Allergic reaction to products of oxidative and excretory enzymes as a result of vital activity.

Signs of staph infection in children in the nose and mouth

These anatomical zones most often become the site of localization of the staphylococcal environment. This is due to the peculiarity of the penetration of bacteria, because children carry all the pathogenic microflora into their mouths. The cause of infection can be typical non-compliance with hygiene standards or poorly processed vegetables and fruits. The vital activity of toxic flora in the nose provokes the occurrence (inflammation of the maxillary sinuses).

Infection, to a greater extent, manifests itself in a state of acute catarrhal tonsillitis, ulcerative stomatitis, tonsillitis for any type of course:

severe sore throat
swelling of the tonsils, redness of the tonsils
rashes in the mouth in the form of whitish sores (severe stomatitis)
difficulty breathing (mucosal swelling)
secretion of organic fluid with impurities of blood or pus
malaise and common signs intoxication

Staphylococcal bacteria in the intestine

If the infection began to multiply rapidly in the intestinal cavity or on its walls, then a powerful reaction from the gastrointestinal tract will inevitably follow in the form acute form colitis with subsequent development into enterocolitis. The main symptoms of intestinal damage:

pain in the epigastric zone of unclear localization
the nature of the pain is intense, wandering or bursting
a strong feeling of heaviness, increased gas formation, bloating
stool contains bloody or purulent inclusions
the occurrence of false urges to empty the bowels, loose stools or constipation
nausea, vomiting, general loss of strength, possible fever

Prevention - The best way secure yourself

To identify the pathogen and make the correct diagnosis, a number of laboratory research for the study of biological material (blood, feces, urine, scrapings from the surface of wounds). At the time of detection of staphylococcus, mother's milk is examined (with breastfeeding). If the tests give a positive result, then the mother continues to feed with milk against the background of special therapeutic treatment. This approach allows the child to recover as well.

If the baby has conjunctivitis, then purulent material is taken from the mucous membrane of the eye. The same goes for skin rashes. If the infection affects the mucous cavities of the nose and mouth, then scrapings from the throat and nose of the child are taken right in the walls of the laboratory immediately. This improves the quality of studies and the validity of the data.

Staphylococcus is treated only with antibiotics. After diagnosing diseases and identifying the disease, the doctor selects a group that can provide positive influence to improve the condition of the child. Then a course of rehabilitation therapy is carried out and recovery occurs.

The duration of the disease depends on the form of staphylococcus aureus. Infection with Staphylococcus aureus can lead to severe sepsis and require surgical intervention. The key to successful treatment is an accurate diagnosis based on symptoms. clinical picture and adequate selection of a medical course of antibiotics.

Preventive actions:

after a successful birth, it is important to leave the hospital as soon as possible
significantly limit the contact of newborn babies with other people
observance of the rules of elementary hygiene of mother and child

Staphylococcaceae has many strains, but only a few of them can cause serious harm to a child's health. It is important for parents to monitor the child's lifestyle and prevent infection in all possible ways. When infected, you should not self-medicate, since the diagnosis of the disease is carried out only by a laboratory method.

Jun 9, 2016 Violetta Doctor

Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous disease that most often affects children in infancy or those with weakened immune systems. You can become infected with these bacteria with a single contact, after which the child undergoes serious treatment for a long time and suffers from severe complications.

As already mentioned, this pathogen belongs to the class of bacteria. Today, about 27 varieties of staphylococcus are known, most of which constantly live in the human body and on the skin. Of the bacteria in this class, three types are dangerous for patients.

Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of infectious lesions that can develop on the skin and in internal organs. The pathogen got its name due to its special color. Under the microscope, it is stained with a bright golden pigment, which quickly allows you to make an accurate diagnosis. More than a third of all infections occur in a hospital setting where ideal conditions for the spread of the pathogen due to reduced immunity of patients.

Attention! Staphylococcus aureus is extremely dangerous for a child, regardless of his age. It can cause instant infectious processes that can lead to meningitis and death.

Video - Staphylococcus aureus

Reasons for the spread of the pathogen in children

The main reason for the violation and penetration into the body of the pathogen is a weakened immune system. Leukocytes cannot cope with an infectious lesion, and bacteria begin to actively multiply in the human body. The main provoking factors for the spread of Staphylococcus aureus include the following.

Attention! Underweight children, according to statistics, are more likely to become infected with a dangerous bacterium. Therefore, already from the first day after birth, the mother should adjust the nutrition of the newborn with breast milk and introduce complementary foods in a timely manner in the future.

Staphylococcus aureus in children: symptoms and main manifestations of infection

In patients after the lesion, there are two stages of the disease - early and late. Each of them has its own characteristics. You should consult a doctor immediately if even minimal symptoms of the disease appear.

Table 1. Symptoms on different stages infections

Stage	Peculiarity
Early	1. Occurs a few hours after the penetration of the pathogen. 2. The patient's body temperature rises. 3. There is a strong lethargy and weakness. 4. Headaches and dizziness appear. 5. Appetite completely disappears. 6. Diarrhea and constant gas discharge develops. 7. Vomiting opens. 8. Dehydration may occur. 9. The skin becomes pale and cyanotic.
Late	1. Comes in 3-5 days after infection. 2. Sores, boils and large areas of purulent type appear on the skin. 3. The work of internal organs is disrupted. 4. The child may be unconscious. 5. Body temperature becomes critically high. 6. Due to severe intoxication, the baby may fall into a coma. 7. Skin infection may develop.

Furunculosis and acne with pus is a relatively mild degree of development of the disease. In severe cases, purulent-septic processes develop in the internal organs, which leads to sepsis and meningitis. These processes are difficult to treat and often lead to death.

Attention! With the penetration of bacteria in children with allergies, acute allergic reactions already at an early stage. This is due to the fact that staphylococcus secretes a large amount of toxins, to which antigens are actively produced.

The main sites of infection of bacteria

Since the pathogen most often enters the body through dirty hands and objects, it primarily affects the mucous membranes of the throat, intestines and nose. Given the location of the lesion, the child develops typical symptoms for this type of disorder, according to which a specialist can make a preliminary diagnosis.

Table 2. Symptoms, depending on the location of the lesion

Location	Symptoms
Throat	1. Acute purulent tonsillitis. 2. Tonsillitis and stomatitis. 3. Strong pain in the throat. 4. Edema of the tonsils and their hyperemia. 5. General intoxication of the body. 6. High body temperature. 7. Lack of appetite and weight loss.
Intestines	1. Manifestations of colitis and enterocolitis, when all parts of the intestine are affected. 2. Pains of wandering and bursting types. 3. Blood, pus and mucus are observed in the stool. 4. Diarrhea, which may be replaced by constipation. 5. False urge to defecate. 6. Vomiting with traces of pus. 7. High body temperature.
Nose	1. Severe swelling of the mucosa. 2. A large amount of purulent discharge. 3. Headaches. 4. High body temperature. 5. Difficulties with nasal breathing. 6. Symptoms of general intoxication.

Attention! After the bacteria enter the places typical for the localization of staphylococcus, they begin to actively spread throughout the bloodstream, causing inflammatory processes in the brain, kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus in children

Various methods of examination can be used to confirm the disease. In this case, the doctor must have a really good qualification to understand that the inflammation is caused by staphylococcus aureus. Diagnosis is carried out by an ENT specialist, a nephrologist, a therapist, a gastroenterologist, it all depends on the location of the bacteria and the presence of specific signs. The following methods can be used to confirm infection:

Drugs to suppress Staphylococcus aureus

To eliminate the manifestations of a bacterial infection, complex therapy is required. It consists in the appointment of antibiotics, immunity-stimulating drugs, vitamins, antiseptics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Doses for each child are selected only by a doctor.

Oxacillin

Antibiotic a wide range impact. It is used for purulent and inflammatory processes. For children, the drug for Staphylococcus aureus is often prescribed intravenously. The dose depends on the age and severity of the patient's condition. Children of the first month of life and premature babies should be administered 0.09-0.15 g / kg per day. From the second month, the dose increases to 0.2 g / kg per day. From the second year of life, the dosage of the active substance is 2 g per day. The number of daily injections is determined by the doctor. The duration of treatment is up to 10 days, with severe infection - up to three weeks.

Oxacillin

Vancomycin

Powerful modern antibiotic of a wide spectrum of influence. Dosage medicinal product depends on the age of the affected child. Children up to a month of life are required to administer 10-15 mg of the active substance every 12 hours. From the first month of life, Vancomycin can be prescribed according to two schemes. In the first case, 10 mg/kg is administered three times a day, in the second, 20 mg/kg twice a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the patient's condition.

Vancomycin

The drug is aimed at stimulating the body's defenses. It is more often prescribed in cases where a staphylococcal infection has affected the throat and nose. Imudon can be used with three years of age. The dose is 6 tablets per day, they need to dissolve in the oral cavity. The duration of therapy depends on the condition of the child and can be 10-20 days.

Immunity-stimulating drug that can be administered to children up to the first year of life. The dose is selected according to the age of the infected child. Up to a year, the dose is 10 mcg, from a year - 10-20 mcg, from four years - 20-30 mcg. Timogen is administered intramuscularly once a day. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of immunodeficiency and can be 3-10 days.

Ichthyol ointment

It is used to treat purulent lesions on the skin. The therapy involves applying Ichthyol to the sore spot 1-2 times a day under a bandage. It should be changed with every session. medicinal product. Ichthyol removes pus and causes tissue healing. The duration of treatment is up to two weeks.

An antibacterial agent that allows not only to eliminate pus from the skin, but also to stop the inflammatory process and provoke faster wound healing. For treatment Tetracycline ointment is applied to the sore spot 1-2 times a day. With extensive lesions, the active substance must be placed under the bandage. The duration of treatment is determined individually for each baby.

It is used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent in the localization of staphylococcus aureus in the throat and nose. 200 mg of the active substance must be dissolved in 200 ml of water and rinsed with a sore spot. You can do three rinses per day. Duration of treatment according to indications.

A drug designed specifically to fight staph infection does an excellent job of killing bacteria in the nose. For treatment, it is required to thoroughly moisten a sterile swab with Bacteriophage and insert it into the nose. It takes 15 minutes to keep the application. Processing is carried out daily for up to three weeks. The drug helps well in case of resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics or their intolerance.

Miramistin

An antiseptic drug aimed at suppressing the inflammatory process and restoring beneficial microflora. For children, a solution at a concentration of 0.01% of the active substance is used. Bury Miramistin should be 2-3 drops in each nasal passage. It is required to administer the drug 3-5 times a day. Duration of admission is determined individually for each patient.

Miramistin

It can be used to treat infections on the skin and in the respiratory tract. For the treatment of purulent foci, it is required to moisten sterile gauze with Iodinol and apply to the sore spot. It is recommended to change the bandage 1-2 times a day. The wound is washed before each use. clean water, and Zinc ointment is applied around it. The duration of treatment is one week. When treating the throat and oral cavity, it is required to lubricate the sore spot with a cotton swab. Treatment is carried out on an individual number of times, as an acute allergic reaction may occur.

A good remedy for combating purulent manifestations on the skin. Combines the effects of antibiotic and antiseptic, causes wound healing. For treatment, the ointment is applied to a previously cleaned wound and covered with a bandage. Compresses should be changed 1-2 times a day. The strength of the drug is its ability to get pus from closed wounds and deep layers of the skin. Treatment is continued until complete recovery.

Attention! With severe inflammation in the tonsils, they are surgically removed, after which a course of antibiotics and antiseptics is prescribed.

Drugs in the treatment of staphylococcus in the gastrointestinal tract

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the gastrointestinal tract is carried out by several groups of drugs that are aimed at removing toxins and restoring the microflora.

A good adsorbent that also helps fight indigestion and restores the gastrointestinal mucosa. For treatment, it is required to dissolve 1 sachet of powder in 100 ml of water and take it in equal portions throughout the day. The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the disease, usually does not exceed one week.

Probiotic drug to restore the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is recommended to use the drug from the age of six, but with acute indications, an earlier intake is possible. For treatment, you need to drink 1-2 capsules of the active substance every day. The duration of treatment with Enterogermin is 2-3 weeks.

The drug is aimed at suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Bioflor can be used from the first day of life. In the treatment of such children, the dose is 1 drop per kilogram of body. The drug is taken up to three times a day until the therapeutic effect is achieved. From the first month of life, children take half a teaspoon of syrup. From a year, the dose is selected individually and is calculated from an adult. The course is continued until complete recovery, usually no more than three weeks.

Intestinal antiseptic and antimicrobial agent. Helps to manage diarrhea and eliminate the effects of bacteria. Children 1-6 months of age take Nifuroxazide 2.5 ml up to three times a day. From seven months to two years, the dose remains the same, but you can take the medication up to four times. From three years, the suspension is taken 5 ml three times a day. The duration of treatment is set by the doctor, usually does not exceed 10 days.

Attention! If Staphylococcus aureus enters the child's bloodstream, a transfusion is always performed. The entry of the pathogen into this system threatens the instant development of sepsis and death due to it.

Folk methods of treating the disease

Allows for anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. They are used as an adjunctive therapy that relieves the external symptoms of an infectious lesion.

It is used as a nose and throat rinse. To prepare the solution, you need to pour a teaspoon of the active substance with 250 ml of water and heat the herb in a water bath. After boiling, the solution is boiled for 5 minutes and left under the lid for two hours. Use for rinsing the mouth and throat, take 100-200 ml of decoction for one procedure. For the treatment of the nose, calendula should be used for washing, 100 ml of the drug is used at a time. 3-4 procedures can be carried out per day. The duration of treatment is up to 10 days.

This decoction can be taken internally or used as a rinse. For treatment, two teaspoons of the active substance are poured into 250 ml of boiling water and boiled for three minutes. Under the lid, the solution is left for 30 minutes and filtered. Gargle up to 4 times a day, using 100-200 ml of solution. Inside, a decoction of St. John's wort is taken 100 ml three times a day. The duration of therapy is 7-10 days.

The drug can be used as a gargle for the throat, nose and for oral administration, in which case it is possible to increase immunity and relieve inflammation from the gastrointestinal tract. To prepare, pour a tablespoon of raw materials into 250 ml of boiling water and boil over low heat for five minutes. The finished broth is left under the lid for 20 minutes and filtered. Inside, 200 ml of the solution is taken three times a day for a week. Rinse the nose and gargle should be 100-200 ml of decoction no more than four times a day. The duration of treatment is up to 10 days.

Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus

Since the infection rarely goes away without serious complications, it is required to observe preventive measures to prevent the pathogen from entering the body.

During pregnancy, a woman should eat well, avoid stress and physical activity so as not to provoke premature birth.
All toys and personal items of the child should be periodically treated with an antiseptic, especially after visiting the street and the hospital.
Hands, vegetables and fruits should be thoroughly washed, as they may contain the pathogen.
You should carefully monitor the immunity of the baby, taking him outside, swimming with him, giving him to sports sections.
After birth, it is required to treat his skin with high quality, keep clothes clean, and prevent skin irritation.
Before each feeding, the mother needs to thoroughly wash her hands and breasts if the baby is breastfeeding.
All bottles and nipples need to boil well and dry thoroughly in the open air.
All scratches and wounds must be treated with antiseptics, ordinary brilliant green and hydrogen peroxide will do.

Attention! If a child has digestive problems, there is a discharge from the respiratory system, the baby refuses to drink and eat, you need to immediately call an ambulance. Usually the problem is rarely associated with a serious disorder, but can be triggered by a staph infection.

Summing up

Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that can cause severe infectious lesions. You need to carefully approach your hygiene and care for a small child. If you suspect that an infection has occurred, you should immediately seek medical help in order to prevent a fatal outcome.

Staphylococcus is a gram-positive bacterium, one of the four most common in the world. It got its name because, when artificially grown on a Petri dish, staphylococcus colonies have a golden color. This bacterium has long been resistant to antibiotics of the penicillin series, since it has long possessed a special enzyme that protects it from the drug - penicillinase. Staphylococcus aureus in children can manifest itself in any form - from skin lesions in newborns, boils, suppuration of wounds, and ending with serious general diseases - pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis - a common blood poisoning.
The high pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is due to the fact that, firstly, it has a special enzyme for melting the upper layer of the skin, which facilitates its penetration into it, and secondly, it produces a strong endotoxin - a substance that poisons the child's body, and thirdly, immunity to he is completely absent. That is, having recovered from any disease caused by this microbe, you can get sick again - the same or different. Staphylococcus aureus in children is very common as the cause of various pathologies. This is due to the peculiarities of its transmission - by contact. And children take toys in their mouths, and they don’t always wash their hands, and the general immunity, which allows you not to get sick when it enters the body or on the skin, is lower in the child. Especially for those who often get sick with viral or other diseases. In such children, complications of acute respiratory viral infections caused by staphylococcus aureus are quite frequent.
Any newborn child encounters staphylococcus even in the maternity hospital, and since this microbe lives in external environment, does not cause disease, and accumulates only in hospital wards - the possibility of hospital infections frightens mothers, sometimes provoking them into dangerous home births. In fact, it is possible to talk about infection with staphylococcus aureus only in cases where it is sown directly from the body, from the skin, from a wound, from rash bubbles, and not from shelves, cabinets or toys. It happens that Staphylococcus aureus in children is caused by another microbe, and staphylococcus aureus is found in swabs simply because there are a lot of them everywhere. For example, staphylococcus is sown from the liquid stool of a child, but the disease is caused by lactase deficiency, while staphylococcus in this case is a simple inhabitant of the intestine. The incidence associated with Staphylococcus aureus is often overestimated, but it exists. Microbial contamination of newborns in the amount disease-causing- always a defect in care, poor sterilization of items for him, and lies on the conscience of the staff. Therefore, the emergence of quarantine "for staphylococcus" is an indicator general level medical care provided by the institution. Although the most exemplary ones have accidents!
All of the above suggests that Staphylococcus aureus, found in children, for example, on the skin, is not always the cause of the disease, it will always coexist with them now, but whether children get sick or not depends primarily on the strength of the immune system. And therefore, the prevention of damage to Staphylococcus aureus is, first of all, hygiene: clean hands, washed things with which the baby comes into contact and everything that makes the child's immunity stronger. healthy eating, walks, physical education, a rational lifestyle - and microbes are not terrible, including such an ominous one as our today's object - Staphylococcus aureus in children.

Despite the fact that today many children in the very different ages a staphylococcal infection is detected, this diagnosis is very scary for parents. This is due to the low degree of public awareness about this disease and the spread of myths about it. different content. In fact, the danger of staphylococcus for children is determined by its type and the level of immunity of the baby. Everything is not as scary as it might seem at first glance.

1. Weakened immunity

The most common cause of staphylococcal infections in children is a weakened immune system. If the child is strong, healthy, hardened, rarely gives in colds, it is unlikely that pathogenic microorganisms can break it. Moreover, tests sometimes show the presence of bacteria in the body, but there are no manifestations: a strong immune system itself will successfully fight them. But a weakened child can go to the hospital. However, even here, with timely treatment and the modern level of medicine dangerous consequences can be avoided.

2. Violation of hygiene rules

The second common cause of staphylococcus in children is poor hygiene. Bacteria live where there is dirt, and it is always difficult to get a child to wash his hands before eating and not put everything in his mouth. Weakened immunity, coupled with a lack of sterility, allow the disease to take over.

3. Infection from the outside

Staphylococci can enter the body of a child after contact with an infected person, and this can happen through broken, damaged skin and mucous membranes.

Carriers of pathogenic microorganisms can be catering workers (then infection is possible through food) or medical staff if the child, for example, was in the hospital, where he was given injections and procedures. Insects are also carriers of the disease, which is why it is so important to treat the places of their bites with green or soda solution.

As soon as infection occurs, it is desirable to recognize enemy microorganisms in a timely manner. Whether probably it without analyses?

Symptoms and signs of staphylococcus in children

Only bacterial cultures can give the most accurate picture of the disease: the number of detected staphylococci is counted and compared with a certain norm. Only then is appropriate treatment prescribed. But when does it become necessary to take these tests?

The fact is that different types staphylococci affect different systems and organs, disguising themselves as quite ordinary, even familiar to many diseases. Their signs will be the primary symptoms that make you seek help from the hospital. For any type of infection, the following manifestations are characteristic:

lethargy;
lack of appetite;
diarrhea;
vomit;
elevated temperature - not always.

epidermal causes most often skin lesions: various kinds of dermatitis, blepharitis, boils, folliculitis, eczema, acne, conjunctivitis (in this case, staphylococcus spreads on the skin, on the face and even in the eyes);
hemolytic settles on the mucous membranes of the child, so the signs of such an infection will resemble the symptoms of a sore throat or a cold - cough, runny nose, sore throat and sore throat (an analysis for bacterial culture is a scraping with a special tool in the nose and mouth of the child);
saprophytic in children is not found so often, but still it should not be overlooked: it affects the genitourinary system, so children often complain of pain in the lower abdomen, painful and frequent urination, as with cystitis (laboratory studies suggest the detection of infection in the urine) ;
Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous in this chain, since it is able to penetrate into any organ and start an inflammatory, purulent reaction there, which is difficult to treat, is a serious health hazard;
very often in children there is an upset stomach, which leads to enterocolitis, dysbacteriosis, etc. (tests should reveal the presence of staphylococci in the feces, which will indicate the penetration of the infection into the intestines).

Parents in this case can only catch themselves in time, consult a doctor, without self-medicating and not hoping that this is a common cold. Behind the usual runny nose, a staphylococcal infection can be hidden, which can only be detected with the help of laboratory tests, according to the results of which the doctor prescribes treatment.

Treatment of childhood staph infection

The complexity of the disease is that staphylococci do not respond to most antibiotics. modern medicine still uses such powerful drugs, but here again a trap: children's body antibiotic drugs are undesirable. Therefore, with a small focus of infection, in the absence of serious illnesses, fraught with consequences, sometimes doctors manage to treat staphylococcus aureus in children without antibiotics. What is he afraid of?

Firstly, it is necessary to ensure the sterility of everything that surrounds a small patient, excluding dirt, which can serve as a dangerous peddler and a beneficial environment for the reproduction of harmful microorganisms. Explain to children the importance of good hygiene.
Secondly, the task of anti-staphylococcal treatment is to increase the patient's immunity so that he can cope with the infection himself. Therefore, various immunostimulating drugs are prescribed. For example, there is vaccination. The staphylococcus vaccine is not included in the mandatory childhood vaccination calendar, but doctors at risk of infection sometimes advise it to be done in advance, when the microorganisms have not yet been activated.
Thirdly, those drugs are prescribed that are effective in combating diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus.
Fourthly, doctors advise children to follow a certain diet with staphylococcus aureus, as this is an infectious disease. As a result, the functions of organs change, energy, water-salt and protein metabolism is disturbed, the level of vitamins decreases. Therefore, the diet of a sick child should include easily digestible meals (rich in proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins), provide him with frequent meals, but in small portions and a sufficient amount of drink (tea with milk or lemon, canteens). mineral water, fruit drinks, rosehip broth, juices, jelly, compotes, low-fat sour-milk drinks).

Depending on each individual situation and the treatment of staphylococcus may be different. Concerning folk remedies against these bacteria, the doctor must know about their use. Medicinal herbs can also cope with some types of microorganisms as an accompanying herbal medicine to the main course of treatment. But it will be very difficult for them to cope with Staphylococcus aureus.

What is dangerous staphylococcus aureus

The main consequence of staphylococcus is the most various diseases, which can only be invented, and difficult to treat, unlike ordinary diseases, since these bacteria are not afraid of antibiotics. And if you can cope with a runny nose, sore throat, dysbacteriosis and even dermatitis, then diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pustular diseases skin and even sepsis can cause a lot of torment to the child, require long and thorough treatment.

Advice to parents whose children have been found in the body of staphylococci - do not panic, do not invent non-existent dangers, consult a doctor in a timely manner and follow all his instructions. This is the only way to cope with the infection and avoid possible consequences.

There are a number of conclusions about the dangers of washing cosmetics. Unfortunately, not all new mothers listen to them. 97% of shampoos use the hazardous substance Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) or its equivalents. Many articles have been written about the impact of this chemistry on the health of both children and adults. At the request of our readers, we tested the most popular brands.

The results were disappointing - the most advertised companies showed the presence of the very dangerous components in the composition. In order not to violate the legal rights of manufacturers, we cannot name specific brands. Mulsan Cosmetic, the only company that passed all the tests, successfully received 10 points out of 10 (read). Each product is made from natural ingredients, completely safe and hypoallergenic.

If you doubt the naturalness of your cosmetics, check the expiration date, it should not exceed 10 months. Approach carefully to the choice of cosmetics, it is important for you and your child.

Types of staphylococcus

The diagnosis of staphylococcal infection in children (including newborns and infants) is familiar to many parents firsthand, as it ranks first among infectious diseases. These include respiratory diseases, skin infections, digestive disorders in the intestines, inflammation of bone tissue and various organs of the human body. Bacteria are found in feces, blood, on the surface of damaged areas of the skin. Treatment of such consequences occurs in several stages and requires high professionalism of the attending physician.

Types of staphylococcus:

Saprophytic staphylococcus. This species is rare in children, as it often affects the genitourinary system (skin and mucous membranes). It is considered less dangerous to humans. If the treatment is chosen correctly, then it is realistic to get rid of the microbe in a few days.
Epidermal staphylococcus. The name speaks for itself. This species is found on all areas of the skin and mucous membranes (in the nose, eyes, mouth or internal pharynx). Most often it affects children who have undergone surgery, as well as premature and debilitated babies. It is not dangerous for the body of a healthy child, even the presence of epidermal staphylococcus aureus in a newborn is considered the norm, if at the same time the baby feels well. When the skin is affected, topical treatment is often prescribed.
Staphylococcus aureus. Perhaps the most dangerous and insidious of known microorganisms. It got its name because of the orange or yellow color of the colony. Many people mistakenly believe that Staphylococcus aureus lives only in the intestines. In a laboratory study, it can be found in feces, mucous membranes (even in the mouth), on the surface of the skin. If the child is not worried about anything, treatment is not prescribed, since the baby's body itself successfully copes with these bacteria.

Treatment of the infection is a very difficult process, since Staphylococcus aureus is very resistant to exposure and is quickly transmitted:

Staphylococcus aureus can withstand about 10 minutes. at +800;
treatment with most antibiotics and antiseptics often does not work, since Staphylococcus aureus easily adapts to them;
active when dried up to 6 months 12 hours when exposed to direct sunlight;
Staphylococcus aureus is not afraid of sodium chloride, ethyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide.