Diseases of the stomach and intestines, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT): how to recognize the enemy in time? Causes of stomach pathologies

The main indication for the appointment of this diet is food allergy, since the main tasks of this diet are the direct elimination of factors, that is, the products themselves, that lead to an allergic reaction and reduce the allergenic load on the body.

Peculiarities

Nutrition is physiologically complete and sparing, with the restriction of salt intake to 7 g per day. All dishes are served only boiled, soups are cooked with a threefold change of broth, especially when cooking meat, fish, chicken.

The approximate calorie content of this diet is 2800 kcal per day. You need to eat fractionally, at least 6 times a day.

What is impossible?

A hypoallergenic diet completely eliminates all food allergens, including:

• meat and fish products (including caviar)
• citrus
• all kinds of nuts
• fruits and berries of red and orange color
• melon and pineapple
• spicy vegetables (radish, horseradish, radish);
• chocolate and coffee
• honey, sugar, jam, sweet pastries and all kinds of confectionery
• salted and smoked foods
• mayonnaise and ketchup
• mushrooms
• poultry meat (excluding white meat chicken and turkey)
• all industrial products (excluding baby food)
• alcoholic drinks

It is also important to remove products from the menu for which the patient has an individual intolerance.

What is possible?

Most often, the menu of a hypoallergenic diet is allowed to include the following products:

• Meat: boiled beef, white meat of chicken and turkey;
• Vegetarian soups cooked from approved products;
• Vegetable oil: olive, sunflower;
• Kashi: rice, buckwheat, oatmeal;
• Lactic acid products: you can cottage cheese, yogurt, kefir and yogurt without additives;
• Pickled cheese (brynza);
• Vegetables: cucumbers, cabbage, leafy greens, potatoes, green peas;
• Fruits: green apples, better baked, pears;
• Tea and dried fruit compote;
• Dried white bread, unleavened cakes, unleavened (yeast-free) pita bread.

Note that the list of allowed foods, as well as the list of prohibited foods, may vary depending on individual indications, and the final version of the diet should be compiled by the attending physician.

Getting out of the diet

The duration of the diet can be from two to three weeks for adults and up to 10 days for children. When allergy symptoms cease to appear, that is, after 2-3 weeks from the moment of improvement, you can gradually return food to the diet, but strictly one at a time and in reverse order - from low-allergenic to highly allergenic. A new product is introduced once every three days. If deterioration has occurred, then the last product is an allergen and should not be eaten.

Menu options for the day

Breakfast: wheat porridge, tea, green apple

Snack: cottage cheese

Lunch: vegetable soup, meatballs, pasta and dried apple compote

Dinner: vinaigrette, tea with a bun

Breakfast: buckwheat porridge, tea, apple

Snack: coffee with milk, cookies

Lunch: Minced chicken soup, boiled beef stroganoff and mashed potatoes, compote

Dinner: cottage cheese pudding, jelly

Breakfast: semolina porridge, tea, apple

Snack: cabbage and carrot salad

Lunch: vegetarian cabbage soup, baked rabbit leg, stewed carrots, compote

Dinner: milk noodles

Recipes for a hypoallergenic diet

Soy milk soup with potatoes

200 g soy milk

3 potatoes

1 bulb

parsley

Step 1. Peel potatoes and onions, finely dice, add water and cook for 15 minutes.

Step 2. Add milk, salt and cook for another 10 minutes.

Step 3. Pour into plates, sprinkle with parsley and serve

Minced Chicken Soup

Photo: Shutterstock.com

1 l meat broth

200 g minced boiled chicken white meat

2 tbsp. l. soy flour

Step 1. Mix a glass of broth and minced meat, add soy flour.

Step 2. Pour in the remaining broth, salt, bring to a boil.

stuffed apples

Photo: Shutterstock.com

250 g boiled lean beef

3 tbsp butter

2 onions

½ cup breadcrumbs

meat broth

1 tbsp starch

Salt, pepper, nutmeg

Step 1. Preheat the oven to 200 degrees C. Cut the apples into halves and remove the core.

Step 2. Melt the butter in a saucepan. Pass the onion for 5 minutes until soft. Transfer to another bowl.

Step 3 Pass the beef through a meat grinder, combine it with onions.

Step 4. Add crackers, basil, nutmeg, salt, pepper, mix.

Step 5. Stuff apples with this mixture, then place them in a baking dish and pour 1 cup of broth. Cover and put in the oven for 35-40 minutes.

Step 6. Transfer the apples to another bowl. They must not be cold. Pour the liquid in which the apples were cooked into a saucepan. Hold over medium heat for about 3 minutes.

Step 7 Dissolve starch in cold water. Pour it into a saucepan. Boil until thickened. Serve stuffed apples with this meat sauce.

Turkey meatballs with zucchini

Photo: Shutterstock.com

½ zucchini

1 turkey breast

3 tbsp rice

Step 1. Grind the zucchini in a blender

Step 2. Grind the turkey meat, punch it together with the zucchini.

Step 3. Boil rice until half cooked, add to minced meat, salt, add finely chopped greens.

Step 4. Stick small balls of meatballs. Put them in a baking dish.

Step 5. Bake for half an hour at a temperature of 180 degrees.

Cottage cheese casserole

Photo: Shutterstock.com

400 g cottage cheese

2 tbsp semolina

2 tbsp butter

Step 1. Rub the cottage cheese through a sieve, add a little stevia extract or sugar. Put semolina.

Step 2. Beat the egg whites and add them to the curd.

Step 3. Rinse the raisins and put them in the curd.

Step 4. Grease the form with oil, add to the curd mass, sprinkle the casserole with semolina.

Step 5. Bake for 35-45 minutes at 180°C.

Human immunity is a complex, little-studied system that suffers from stress, malnutrition, and many other negative factors. Weakened body defenses react inadequately to irritants, allergic reactions often occur even to familiar foods.

Pathology often causes skin reactions, accompanied by sharply unpleasant symptoms. A reliable and proven way to stop the symptoms of food allergies, to prevent relapses, is to follow a hypoallergenic diet. Proper nutrition has a beneficial effect on the patient's liver, improving the natural "filter" from overload.

Causes of skin allergies

The occurrence of hypersensitivity to various allergens, the appearance of serious skin problems is associated with the influence of various negative factors on the human body.

Substances that cause a negative reaction on the skin include:

• expired food, fast food. , chocolate, eggs, red, yellow, orange fruits, nuts negatively affect the human epidermis, especially when consumed in large quantities;
• Plant pollen ranks second among the allergens that cause hives, eczema and other allergic manifestations on human skin. Often such a pathology is accompanied by pet hair,;
• prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the human skin can provoke the development of an acute immune response;
• many chronic diseases lead to the formation of allergies. Do not forget about the hereditary factor, psycho-emotional stress. No wonder they say that all ailments are from nerves, try to avoid stressful situations.

The pathological process starts against the background of regular contact with chemicals. People working in hazardous industries develop contact dermatitis over time (most often exposed areas of the body are affected).

Characteristic signs and symptoms

The skin integument reacts faster than other organs and systems to the ingestion of various allergens into the human body. The pathological process triggers a special mechanism, the production of histamine in large quantities, which is manifested by unpleasant symptoms on the skin.

Clinical picture:

• eczema;
• constant itching, burning of damaged areas of the skin;
• rash, the appearance of blisters of various shapes and sizes. The eruptions often coalesce into one large eczema;
• the epidermis peels off, dries up.

The most common symptom is hives. Pathology manifests itself in the form of small red papules. Over time, they can merge into one continuous spot. tends to disappear and reappear elsewhere. Small-pointed rash is the most difficult to tolerate by the body, it is quite difficult to get rid of it.

Types of disease

Specialists distinguish several types of skin pathologies of an allergic nature:

• . It is an inflammation of the epidermis, characterized by the formation of spots on the skin that have clear boundaries. Pathology is most often manifested in preschool children. Initially, rashes appear on the arms, legs, then spread to other parts of the body;
• . It is formed against the background of constant contact with chemical irritants, decorative cosmetics, industrial reagents. Furs, medicines, various poisonous plants act as allergens. Symptoms appear depending on the state of the immune system (up to two weeks);
• - sudden appearance on the skin of blisters of a pale pink color. Pathology is characterized by the presence of a constant, burning sensation in the patient;
• - acute form of allergic dermatitis. In the affected area is the face, hands. Pathology is characterized by the presence of blisters on the patient's skin, including a clear liquid inside. Without proper treatment, the bubbles burst, forming weeping erosions.

Each allergen can cause different manifestations of skin dermatitis. Be carefull, If you notice any unpleasant symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.

Nutrition outside the period of exacerbations

For some types of manifestations of allergic reactions on the epidermis, eating a variety of foods is typical. For other patients, pollen, medicines have a negative effect. For each individual case, there will be individual recommendations from the doctor about nutrition.

• immediately after the relief of allergy symptoms in the acute phase, agree with the physician on the list of allowed and prohibited foods. To identify intolerance to specific allergens, an examination is required;
• Try new foods with great care. Do all the manipulations next to someone so that, in case of an inadequate reaction of the immune system, someone can call an ambulance or provide first aid;
• refuse purchased semi-finished products, mayonnaise, sauces. One can never be sure of the naturalness of these products;
• Before buying any product, study its composition. Refuse food saturated with preservatives, food coloring;
• keep a food diary. So it will be easier for you to track intolerance to any product, control your weight (if necessary).

Useful advice applies to adults and children. If your baby is allergic, control his diet. Do it in a playful way, explain that you can’t eat certain foods because they are “evil”, and not because of the whim of the parents. With age, it becomes more and more difficult to control the child's diet, the baby must understand for himself that malnutrition can threaten his life.

On a note! The barmaid at school, the teacher in the kindergarten should be informed about the problem with the baby. The best option is to prepare special meals for your child, which will include only allowed foods.

Nutrition rules for exacerbation

The physiological feature of allergy sufferers is the constant emergence of intolerance to new foods, other substances. During periods of exacerbation, the body is in a state of hyperreactivity, a small amount of irritant can provoke a strong immune response. Given this feature, dietary restrictions are very strict, requiring special endurance from the patient.

List of prohibited products:

• fried dishes, smoked meats, sausages, gastronomic products;
• various sauces, mayonnaise, mustard;
• all kinds, mushrooms;
• raspberries, apricots, peaches, sea buckthorn, melon, watermelon;
• , cocoa;
• caramel, marshmallows, muffins, chewing gum;
• margarine;
• radish, pepper, sauerkraut, pickles.

• chicken, lamb;
• onion,

Young children face this problem more often than adults, but for all age categories the principle of treatment is the same - in addition to taking antihistamines, you have to go on a diet. A large number of strict restrictions for food allergies is the most reliable way to quickly help the body, and for some situations it is also a diagnostic measure to help identify the irritant.

What is a strict allergy diet

Violation of the absorption of food, in which the incoming protein is recognized as a foreign agent, so the body begins to produce antibodies against it - doctors give this definition of food allergy. Berries, cereals and even apples can act as irritants. The exceptions are salt and sugar, but they are also strictly prohibited during an exacerbation of an allergic reaction, since they irritate the intestinal mucosa. Thanks to a strict diet:

• the condition improves during exacerbation;
• the risk of relapse is reduced;
• toxins accumulated as a result of the struggle of antibodies with "foreign agents" are removed;
• the need for the use of antihistamines is reduced;
• a specific allergen is detected (if it is unknown).

A special menu for allergy sufferers, which implies the exclusion of dangerous foods, is of great use for allergies even as a diagnostic measure, but diet cannot be the only way to fix the problem. Nutrition correction does not replace the use of antihistamines and other therapeutic methods prescribed by the doctor based on the examinations.

Principles

A strict diet for allergies must be strictly observed, since in some situations even the life of the patient may depend on it: a distorted immune response is manifested not only by skin rashes and inflammation with intestinal upset, but also by suffocation. An anaphylactic reaction can be fatal. For this reason, it is important to familiarize yourself with the main principles of the therapeutic diet:

• Limit the amount of table salt to 6 g/day.
• Food must undergo heat treatment, but frying is prohibited: only stew, baked, boiled, steamed are present on the menu. After eliminating the symptoms of exacerbation, you can prepare salads from fresh fruits or vegetables.
• Food for allergies is fractional, meals - up to 8 times a day, also to reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract. Small portions additionally help to track the reaction to food and prevent a possible relapse (the more allergen to eat, the more difficult the condition will be).
• You should cook on your own, not from store-bought semi-finished products, so as not to have doubts about the composition of the food.
• Food additives, dyes, preservatives, sauces, mayonnaise are strictly prohibited for any food allergy.
• The introduction of new foods requires strict accounting: start with small doses and be sure to describe the reaction in a food diary. If possible, conduct tests under the supervision of your family or doctor.
• Carefully study the compositions on factory products to exclude traces of allergens. Do not buy minced meat and fish.

Types of basic diets

Doctors say that not only food allergies require a revision of the menu: a negative reaction to drugs also needs to alleviate the patient's condition by removing certain foods from the diet. The severity of the patient's condition also plays a role in the nutrition plan. Based on this, experts have developed 2 types of strict diets:

• Basic or non-specific. They are prescribed during an exacerbation, or when the exact allergen is unknown, in order to reduce the burden on digestion, to ease negative symptoms.
• Elimination or specific. They are selected according to a specific stimulus, suggest its complete elimination from the nutrition plan, therefore, they can also be used in the acute period. They also help to understand the exact reaction of the body, the possibility of replacing a causally significant food irritant with a low-allergenic one.

Nonspecific

For the first 1-2 days, it is advisable to fast if you have an allergic reaction to food, and the irritant is unknown. At this time, you can drink clean water (1.5 liters per day for adults, 1 liter for infants), still mineral water, lightly brewed tea. After that, a hypoallergenic strict diet is prescribed, the menu of which is based on products that do not provoke a bright negative immune response:

• buckwheat and oatmeal (boiled in water);
• wheat bread (grade 1-2, yesterday), breadcrumbs;
• vegetable soups (possible with the addition of these cereals);
• rosehip broth, unsweetened dried fruit compotes.

Such a strict hypoallergenic diet is observed for up to 5 days, during which the manifestations of exacerbation should subside in order to transfer the patient to a more varied diet. Vegetables and fruits are introduced in large quantities, but gradually, especially those that are medium and highly allergenic. The reaction to each new menu item is carefully monitored.

elimination

A specific strict diet is indicated for individuals who know the exact irritant. Not only it is removed from the menu, but everything that has a structure similar to it: sources of cross-allergens. The percentage of content in dishes does not play a role. Additionally, eliminate from the diet:

• Amplifiers of allergenicity of any food (mucosal irritants): strong rich broths, spices, sugar, salt, vinegar, mustard, horseradish.
• Highly allergenic food: chocolate (and everything where cocoa is present), coffee, honey, citrus fruits, fish.

The menu of a strict elimination diet is important to form with the addition of enterosorbent products - sources of fiber that helps to quickly alleviate a person's condition by removing toxins. Bran, cereals (preferably whole grains - not bran), vegetables, fruits are introduced into the daily diet, and dishes should be cooked by stewing or boiling. With a properly chosen elimination diet, allergy symptoms subside after 3-4 days. Strict dietary restrictions are observed for 2 weeks. A couple more nuances:

• With a seasonal reaction, a strict diet has to be followed throughout the entire period of active dusting of the allergen.
• If the negative immune response of the body is not seasonal, the elimination diet is prescribed for a course of 10-15 days while the person is being treated. In rare cases, strict bans are for life.

Types of products according to the content of allergens in them

If a person encountered a negative reaction to food for the first time and cannot accurately determine which product is dangerous for him, the diet is based on the complete exclusion of potential strong irritants. According to the concentration of allergens, products are divided into:

• Highly active: nuts, cocoa beans (and their derivatives), coffee, honey, eggs, wheat, mushrooms, seafood, fish, vinegar, spices, confectionery, citrus fruits, poultry (except turkey, chicken), mangoes, pineapples, strawberries, eggplant, tomatoes, radish, melon, milk (and its derivatives), mayonnaise, smoked meats, mustard, horseradish.
• Moderately active: beef, chicken, potatoes, buckwheat, oatmeal and rice cereals, legumes (soybeans, peas, beans), beets, turnips, black currants, rosehips, lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, cherries.
• Low-active: fermented milk products, millet, barley, corn, turkey, rabbit, lean lamb and pork, cabbage (cauliflower, broccoli, white cabbage), zucchini, dill, parsley, pears, apples, cherries, plums, currants (white, red).

Diet menu for allergies in adults

Even the most severe food restrictions do not mean a poor diet: after the elimination of the main allergens (and in some situations, secondary ones), a person does not lose the opportunity to eat varied and tasty. An important point in the diet is to take into account cross-reactions:

• If you are allergic to nuts, it is advisable to exclude buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, sesame, poppy, mango, kiwi from the diet.
• If there is an allergy to peanuts, tomatoes, soybeans, green peas and fruits with a large stone (apricot, plum, nectarine, etc.) can pose a danger.

The need for a strict diet for drug allergies is disputed by some doctors, but if the condition is severe, it makes sense to switch to a non-specific hypoallergenic diet for a short time or follow one of these options:

• Allergy to aspirin: strict rejection of berries, citrus fruits, melons, peaches, plums, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers.
• Allergy to antibiotics: withdrawal from the menu of nuts, cheese, strawberries, mushrooms, grapes, seafood, eggs, heavy (spicy, fried, fatty) dishes, eggs, exotic fruits, convenience foods, sausages, carbonated drinks.

During the period of weakening of allergy symptoms

The most diverse diet is considered to be on a simple non-specific diet, which requires eating 4 rubles / day or more and involves the exclusion of only elements that irritate the digestive tract. The basic diet for allergies in adults is based on the following food lists:

Allowed	limited	Forbidden
Biscuits, yesterday's bread, yeast-free, unsweetened and not rich buns		Baking, hot flour products
Vegetable soups, in low-fat meat broth, with cereals, cabbage soup, borscht		Meat offal (kidneys, liver, tongue)
Meat dishes on veal, beef, poultry (boiled, stewed, steamed)		canned food
Eggs (1 pc./day, soft-boiled or in an omelet)		Marinades, pickles, smoked meats
Non-acid curd with a short shelf life, low-fat milk, curdled milk, kefir, natural yogurt	Confectionery	Alcohol
Cereals (all if not allergic to gluten), pasta		cocoa, chocolate
Vegetables, fruits, dried fruits		Ice cream, cold drinks
Mineral water, tea or coffee with milk, kissel		Strawberries, strawberries, melons, tomatoes, eggplants, beans, lentils

Allergic to tree pollen

There is a cross-reaction between plant allergens (not all) and proteins that are present in food, so if you have intolerance to tree pollen (especially birch, hazel, oak, alder, maple), herbs, a person should refuse some foods. A strict diet looks like this:

	Products and dishes
Restrict	Sweets, confectionery, ice cream, alcohol, chocolate, cocoa, cold drinks, smoked products, marinades, pickles, food with dyes and additives
Exclude	Honey, cherries, sweet cherries, apricots, peaches, strawberries, nuts, apples, cognac, new potatoes, carrots, birch sap, medicines on alder cones and birch buds
Allowed
Dishes	Soups and dishes from low-fat poultry, veal, beef, any egg dishes, cereal casseroles, pasta, cereals
Beverages	Weak coffee with milk, mineral water (including carbonated), tea
Products	Peanuts, beans, peas, lentils, potatoes, beets, tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, radishes, fermented baked milk, curdled milk, acidophilus and plain milk, non-acidic fresh cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir, bakery products, cookies

For cow's milk allergy

According to experts, there are no obvious related allergens in cow's milk, and either casein or lactose are the cause of a negative reaction, therefore only dairy products are excluded from the diet (on goat too). Whether to remove fermented milk depends on the particular organism. Rice milk, almond or nut milk can be used as a substitute if you are not allergic to them. Diet recommendations:

If you are allergic to fish

If, through laboratory research, a type of fish was determined that is not perceived by the body, only it is removed from the diet. In other cases, it is required to refuse any fish, caviar, products / dishes where this component is present (including fish oil, bone meal), seafood. The rest of the food is not banned, so the diet has a large number of allowed foods:

	Products
Beverages	Coffee, black or green tea, carbonated drinks, alcohol, vegetable and fruit juices
Sweets	Honey, molasses, sugar, jam, jams, jams, marmalade, sweets, chocolate, halva
Fats	Cream, vegetable and butter butter, margarine
Bakery products
Protein Sources	Meat, poultry, ham, offal, mushrooms, legumes, nuts
Plant food	Fruits, vegetables, berries
Rest	Milk and lactic acid products, cereals, pasta, broths and decoctions on permitted products

Healthy Recipes

Delicious and safe food for allergies are selected according to specific food restrictions. The recipes below are focused only on a non-specific diet with an additional strict ban on highly active irritants, semi-finished products, spices, canned food, marinades, pickles for a person whose exacerbation symptoms have subsided. Do not forget to clarify which products for allergies are allowed directly to you, with your doctor.

• Time: 35 minutes.
• Servings: 3 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 339 kcal per 100 grams.
• Purpose: for tea.
• Kitchen: home.
• Difficulty: easy.

These crispy biscuits can be served for breakfast or evening tea. They will also appeal to those who follow the figure, because there is not a gram of sugar in baking (a banana provides sweetness), there is no flour (only oatmeal is used, and buckwheat if you are allergic to gluten). If you want a smoother surface, add an egg if you are not allergic to the protein. For a more interesting taste, raisins, dried cranberries, grated apple can be introduced here.

Ingredients:

• oat flakes "Hercules" - 140 g;
• vegetable oil - 50 ml;
• overripe banana - 120 g;
• raisins (optional) - 30 g.

Cooking method:

1. Pour boiling water over raisins, let steam.
2. Pour the flakes into the pan, brown.
3. Grind in a food processor (but not into flour!).
4. Put the banana in the same place, twist for another minute.
5. Add butter, raisins, stir.
6. Put the balls on a baking sheet, flatten to thick cakes. Bake at 200 degrees for 20-25 minutes.

Turkey cutlets with zucchini

• Time: 1 hour.
• Servings: 3 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 61 kcal.
• Destination: for lunch.
• Kitchen: home.
• Difficulty: medium.

Of all types of meat and poultry for allergies, the safest is turkey, on the basis of which you can make delicious baked cutlets. If the working mass is very liquid, squeeze it out with your hands and add a couple of tablespoons of oatmeal. If desired, you can make a combined minced turkey with veal, and serve ready-made cutlets with mashed potatoes (without butter and milk).

Ingredients:

• turkey - 350 g;
• zucchini - 200 g;
• a bunch of dill;
• salt (optional) - 1/4 tsp

Cooking method:

1. Cut the turkey into slices, peel and cut the zucchini in the same way. Scroll in a food processor.
2. Grind the dill, mix into the resulting mass. Salt as desired.
3. Form small cutlets with your hands, put in a ceramic dish, tighten with foil.
4. Put in a cold oven. Bake at 180 degrees for 40-45 minutes (counting from the moment of full heating).

Video

© Centerpolygraph, 2016

Foreword

Food allergy is characterized by increased sensitivity of the body to foods and the development of signs of food intolerance caused by the reaction of the immune system.

Normal digestion and absorption of food products is ensured by the state of the endocrine system, the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract, the biliary system, the composition and volume of digestive juices, the composition of the intestinal microflora, and the state of local immunity of the intestinal mucosa.

Normally, food products are broken down to compounds that do not have allergenic properties, and the intestinal wall is impermeable to undigested products.

The development of food allergies is provoked by factors:

- first of all, this is an increase in the permeability of the intestinal wall, which is noted in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

- a violation (decrease or acceleration) of the absorption of food compounds may be due to a violation of the stages of digestion with insufficient pancreatic function, enzyme deficiency, biliary tract and intestinal dyskinesia, etc .;

- erratic eating, rare or frequent meals lead to a violation of the secretion of the stomach, the development of gastritis and other disorders that cause the formation of food allergies or pseudo-allergies;

- the formation of hypersensitivity to foods of a protein nature is influenced not only by the amount of food taken and diet violations, but also by the acidity of gastric juice.

Skin manifestations:

- hives or just redness,

- eczema,

- itching and dryness

- various rashes.

Gastrointestinal manifestations:

- stomach ache,

- dyspepsia - vomiting, nausea or diarrhea,

- itching in the mouth or swelling of the mucous membranes.

Respiratory system:

- redness,

- swelling and congestion of the nose,

- allergic cough.

Manifestations on the mucous membrane of the eyes:

- redness of the conjunctiva

- lacrimation.

Manifestations from the cardiovascular system:

- chest pains,

- Abnormal heart rhythm.

- hypertension,

- fainting, loss of consciousness.

The only available treatment for today is the exclusion of contact with the allergen. No other attempts to cure this disorder have been successful. The main principles of prescribing a diet are the exclusion from the diet of such foods that have a rather high allergic activity, irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa and contain emulsifiers, dyes, preservatives, stabilizers. It is also necessary, when compiling a diet, to replace intolerable foods with natural and specialized ones.

Diets for allergies

A food allergy diet will slowly but surely relieve you of unpleasant symptoms, and you can return your favorite foods to your diet - but carefully and little by little.

The diet for food allergies can be conditionally divided into several stages.

Elimination. Such nutrition for allergies involves the exclusion from the diet of those foods that are causally significant allergens.

Hypoallergenic. This is an exception to products that are not allergens themselves, but contribute to the appearance of allergic reactions.

Includes such products as: honey, chocolate, citrus fruits, nuts, eggs, sauerkraut, orange and red fruits.

Elimination Diet

1 option. It starts with either 1-2 fast days on water, or 1-3 days on tea with a little sugar (5 glasses per day) and 250 g of dried white bread. Then every 2-3 days the diet is slightly expanded. First, fermented milk products are introduced into the diet in the following sequence: kefir, cottage cheese, milk, cheese. Then add meat, even later - fish or vegetable dishes.

Option 2. Eating pears (or green apples), turkey (or lamb) and rice. Gradually, a variety of vegetables are introduced into the diet - preferably those that are eaten infrequently: parsnips, turnips, carrots.

If, however, when using the newly introduced product, the allergy does not worsen, after 4 days another previously excluded product is introduced.

Dyes, additives prohibited for allergy sufferers: E100, E101, E102, E104, E107, E110, E120, E122-E124, E127-E129, E131-E133, E141.

hypoallergenic diet

This is one of the ways to treat all types of allergies, as it helps to identify the true cause of the disease.

The main indication for the appointment of this diet is food allergy, since the main tasks of this diet are the direct elimination of factors, that is, the products themselves, that lead to an allergic reaction and reduce the allergenic load on the body.

Nutrition is physiologically complete and sparing, with the restriction of salt intake to 7 g per day. All dishes are served only boiled, soups are cooked with a threefold change of broth, especially when cooking meat, fish, chicken.

The approximate energy value of this diet is 2800 kcal per day. You need to eat fractionally, at least 6 times a day.

A hypoallergenic diet completely eliminates all food allergens, including:

– meat and fish products (including caviar),

- citrus fruits

- all types of nuts,

- fruits and berries of red and orange color,

- melon and pineapple,

- spicy vegetables (radish, horseradish, radish),

- chocolate and coffee

- honey, sugar, jam, sweet pastries and all kinds of confectionery,

- salted and smoked products,

- mayonnaise and ketchup,

- poultry meat (excluding white meat chicken and turkey),

- spicy cheese

- all industrial products (excluding baby food),

- alcoholic drinks,

– remove products for which the patient has an individual intolerance.

Most often, the menu of a hypoallergenic diet is allowed to include the following products:

- meat: boiled beef, white meat of chicken and turkey,

- vegetarian soups, cooked from approved products,

- vegetable oil: olive, sunflower,

- cereals: rice, buckwheat, oatmeal,

- lactic acid products: you can cottage cheese, yogurt, kefir and yogurt without additives,

- brynza cheese,

- vegetables: cucumbers, cabbage, leafy greens, potatoes, green peas,

- fruits: green apples, preferably baked, pears,

- tea and dried fruit compote,

- dried white bread, unleavened cakes, unleavened lavash.

Exit from the diet. The duration of the diet can be from two to three weeks for adults and up to 10 days for children. When allergy symptoms cease to appear, that is, after 2-3 weeks from the moment of improvement, you can gradually return foods to the diet, but strictly one at a time and in reverse order - from low-allergenic to highly allergenic. A new product is introduced once every three days. If deterioration has occurred, then the last product is an allergen and should not be eaten.

Principles of nutrition for allergies

The key to food allergies is getting the right foods. 93% of food allergies are caused by just 8 foods. In descending order of allergenic properties, they are as follows: eggs, peanuts, milk, soy, tree nuts, fish, crustaceans, wheat.

Apples and pears, peaches and plums, carrots and potatoes, green beans, zucchini and squash are considered non-allergenic. Rarely cause allergies to turkey and lamb meat, rice, barley, oats and rye.

Food allergies are related to the common. People who are allergic to tree pollen, stop eating: stone fruits and fruits, nuts, celery, dill, carrots. People who are allergic to cereals and meadow grasses, limit the use of bread, bakery products. Prohibited products: bread kvass, pasta, semolina, breadcrumbs, ice cream, halva, beans, sorrel. People who are allergic to composite plants (wormwood, etc.), stop eating: melon, watermelon, herbs, hot spices, sunflower oil, mayonnaise, mustard, halva, and also stop drinking: vermouth, absinthe, herbal preparations with the addition of coltsfoot, succession, yarrow. People who are allergic to quinoa stop eating: spinach, beets, peach, pear, mango, kiwi, pineapple, honey, mustard. People who are allergic to aspirin, salicylates, other medicines, should not eat: citrus fruits, berries, peaches, melon, plum, cucumber, pepper, tomatoes, potatoes. Also, you can not use such medicinal herbs: willow bark, raspberry leaf, meadowsweet, marsh cinquefoil, peony, marin root.

Some products are more sensitive than others.

Cow's milk- a common allergen, which is especially important to consider when feeding young children. The slightest amount of this allergen is enough to develop a serious condition in a child whose immune system has not had time to fully form. There were cases when a child died not even from taking milk food, but only from milk dust, if the remains of milk were on the diapers on which the baby was placed.

Egg is also one of the leading food allergens. It is interesting that sometimes hypersensitivity is manifested only on the protein, and sometimes only on the yolk (it happens that both components cause allergies). In the presence of an allergy to a chicken egg, an allergy is often observed to chicken meat (less often - ducks), other types of eggs (duck, goose), as well as to dishes containing eggs (mayonnaise, creams, rich and flour products, champagne and all white wines clarified with egg white). In addition, hypersensitivity to eggs may be accompanied by an allergic reaction of the respiratory tract to feather pillows.

Remember that vaccination vaccines (for example, against measles, mumps and rubella measles) also contain a slight admixture of egg proteins. And this is enough to cause serious reactions in people with allergies to the vaccine.

If you are allergic to chicken eggs or chicken itself does not appear every time, then it is possible that it is not these products themselves that cause your hypersensitivity, but the components of the feed that were given to the chicken (for example, with increased sensitivity to tetracycline, an allergic reaction to meat is quite likely birds fed with this preparation).

Fish (sea and river), as well as various fish products (caviar, fish oil) are common allergens. Heat treatment practically does not reduce their allergenicity. During cooking, allergens enter the broth and even water vapor, the inhalation of which can also cause allergic reactions. People who are sensitive to fish are often allergic to the smell of fish food (daphnia). Keep in mind that even the use of cosmetic shadows that are prepared from fish scales can cause an allergic reaction.

Shellfish - crayfish, crabs, lobsters are quite allergenic.

Among fruits, berries and vegetables most often cause allergies strawberries, strawberries, citrus fruits (oranges, tangerines, lemons). Yellow, red, pink vegetables (tomatoes, carrots, peaches, etc.) are more likely to cause allergies than green ones.

nuts- quite strong allergens. Keep in mind that some nuts are chemically similar (e.g. walnuts and almonds; cashews and pistachios). Therefore, an allergy to one type of nut is often accompanied by an allergy to another type.

The most common hypersensitivity to peanuts and numerous products containing them (cookies, chocolate, peanut butter, etc.). Also, with it, an allergic reaction to cosmetic preparations (creams, shower gels, shampoos, etc.) is possible, which contain this nut or its oil.

Honey, mushrooms, cocoa, chocolate, coffee have pronounced allergic properties. With hypersensitivity to coffee and cocoa, an allergy to other legumes (peas, beans, lentils, etc.) is also possible.

Alcoholic drinks, yeast dough, cheeses and cold cuts. These products contain histamine, which is formed as a result of the vital activity of certain bacteria and provokes allergic reactions.

Less often there is an allergy to grain products (buckwheat, wheat, rye, oats), meat, legumes, onions, celery, and various spices.

Thus, it is possible to give an approximate general list of products for allergies.

You can not use:

- broth

- sharp,

- salty

- fried

- smoked

- spices,

- sausage and sausage products (boiled sausage, smoked sausage, sausages, sausages, ham),

- liver,

- fish and other seafood,

- egg,

- spicy cheese, melted cheese,

- ice cream,

- mayonnaise, ketchup, margarine,

– vegetables: radish, radish, sorrel, spinach, tomatoes, sweet peppers, sauerkraut, pickled cucumber,

– fruits: citrus, apricot, peach, pomegranate, grapes, kiwi, pineapple, melon,

- berries: wild strawberries, strawberries, raspberries, sea buckthorn, watermelon,

- refractory fats,

- soda, kvass, coffee, cocoa, chocolate,

- sweets: honey, caramel, marshmallow, marshmallow, cake, pastry, muffin,

- gum.

You can use:

- cereals (exception - semolina),

- fermented milk products: kefir, biokefir, natural yogurt without additives, etc.),

- mild cheese

- lean meat (beef, pork, rabbit, turkey), canned meat for children,

- vegetables: any cabbage, zucchini, patisson, light pumpkin, parsley, dill, green peas, green beans,

– fruits: green apple, white apple, pear,

– berries: sweet cherry, plum, white currant, red currant, gooseberry,

– butter: melted butter, refined vegetable oil (corn, sunflower, olive, etc.),

- fructose,

- wheat bread of the 2nd grade, grain bread,

- loaves,

- crackers,

- dried fruits,

- compotes from dried fruits (with the exception of rose hips and red berries),

- any tea

- mineral water.

Restrict products:

- pasta,

- bread made from premium flour,

- dairy dishes: whole milk, sour cream (added to dishes), cottage cheese, yogurt with additives,

- meat: lamb, chicken,

– vegetables: carrots, turnips, beets, onions, garlic,

- berries: cherry, blackcurrant, cranberry, blackberry, banana,

- a decoction of wild rose,

Menu for exacerbation of allergies

Day 1

Breakfast: a glass of fat-free kefir, salad (cottage cheese, cucumber, parsley, dill).

Dinner: a bowl of pea soup, rice, boiled beef, a glass of green tea.

Dinner: potato casserole with cabbage, a glass of tea.

Day 2

Breakfast: oatmeal with the addition of apple, cherry, a glass of water.

Dinner: soup with beef meatballs, boiled potatoes with dill, olive oil, a glass of green tea.

Dinner: cottage cheese casserole with raisins, a glass of dried fruit compote.

Day 3

Breakfast: a glass of fat-free kefir, a plate of wheat porridge.

Dinner: a bowl of milk soup, a few potato patties, a glass of tea.

Dinner: pasta with the addition of Bolognese sauce, a glass of water.

Day 4

Breakfast: salad (cabbage, cucumber, dill, olive oil), a glass of apple juice.

Dinner: potato soup, zucchini stewed in sour cream sauce, a glass of green tea.

Dinner: pancakes with apples, a glass of cherry compote.

Day 5

Breakfast: a glass of fat-free kefir, a couple of apples stuffed with cottage cheese, raisins.

Dinner: soup with zucchini, cherry dumplings, a glass of tea.

Dinner: stewed cabbage, a glass of water.

Day 6

Breakfast: a glass of apple compote, a plate of buckwheat.

Dinner: vegetable soup in beef broth, squash pancakes, a glass of green tea.

Dinner: a couple of zucchini stuffed with vegetables and rice, a glass of tea.

Day 7

Breakfast: a glass of fat-free kefir, a plate of hercules.

Dinner: lentil soup, ground beef dumplings, a glass of tea.

Dinner: vegetable stew, a glass of water.

Menu when leaving a strict diet

1 day

Breakfast: crumbly buckwheat porridge.

Dinner: potato soup with meatballs on the water.

Afternoon snack:

Dinner: stewed zucchini in sour cream and turkey meatballs (no sauce, steamed).

2 day

Breakfast: crumbly rice porridge.

Dinner:

Afternoon snack: cottage cheese balls in a slow cooker (no sauce, egg - minimally).

Dinner: beef patties and crumbly buckwheat porridge.

3 day

Breakfast: oatmeal porridge with apples (apples can be cooked in the microwave with sugar, without milk).

Dinner: potato soup without green peas.

Afternoon snack:

Dinner: beef patties and white cabbage salad with apple (carrots are minimal).

Day 4

Breakfast: porridge "Four cereals" (be careful if you are allergic to gluten and milk).

Dinner:

Afternoon snack: buckwheat casserole with cottage cheese.

Dinner: meatballs with cabbage and rice.

Day 5

Breakfast: wheat porridge (be careful if you are allergic to gluten and milk).

Dinner: zucchini soup without curry and meat broth.

Afternoon snack:

Dinner: meatballs with cabbage and rice.

Day 6

Breakfast: oatmeal cereal (be careful if you are allergic to gluten and milk).

Dinner:

Afternoon snack:

Dinner: potato casserole with vegetables (egg, carrots - minimally).

Day 7

Breakfast: cabbage pies and apple compote.

Dinner: corn porridge with meatballs.

Afternoon snack: pie stuffed with plums and poppy seeds.

Dinner: cutlets (low-fat pork in half with beef).

Kefir diet

The first day: five boiled potatoes and one and a half liters of kefir.

Second day: 100 g of boiled chicken and one and a half liters of kefir.

Day three: 100 g of boiled meat and one and a half liters of kefir.

Day four: 100 g of boiled fish and one and a half liters of kefir.

Day five: fruits and vegetables, except for high-calorie bananas and grapes, and one and a half liters of kefir.

Day six: kefir.

Day seven: mineral water.

Menu options for the day

I

Breakfast: wheat porridge, tea, green apple.

Snack: cottage cheese.

Dinner: vegetable soup, meatballs, pasta and dried apple compote.

Dinner: vinaigrette, tea with a bun.

II

Breakfast: buckwheat porridge, tea, apple.

Snack: coffee with milk, cookies.

Dinner: Minced chicken soup, beef stroganoff from boiled meat and mashed potatoes, compote.

Dinner: cottage cheese pudding, jelly.

III

Breakfast: semolina porridge, tea, apple.

Snack: cabbage and carrot salad.

Dinner: vegetable soup, baked rabbit leg, stewed carrots, compote.

Dinner: milk noodles.

Dishes for allergies to various foods

Teas

heather tea

Compound: dried rosehip leaves, heather flowers - 2 g each, dry strawberry leaves - 10 g, water - 200 ml.

Rinse the porcelain teapot with hot water (having a temperature when the hand can no longer endure - above 60 ° C). Then pour the collection of herbs and pour over 200 ml of boiling water. Hold for about 10 minutes.

Rowan tea

Compound: dried blackcurrant leaves - 2 g, dried fruits of mountain ash - 5 g, dried raspberries - 30 g, water - 200 ml.

Brew the mixture in a porcelain teapot, hold for 7 minutes. Use further as tea leaves.

lingonberry tea

Compound: dried lingonberry leaves - 12 g, sugar - 10 g, water - 200 ml.

Rinse the porcelain teapot with boiling water, add lingonberry leaves, brew with boiling water and soak for 15 minutes, then add granulated sugar and pour into cups.

Tea with primrose

Compound: water - 200 ml, dried leaves of St. John's wort and primrose - 5 g each.

Pour the mixture of leaves with boiling water in a porcelain teapot and let it brew for about 7 minutes. Use further as tea leaves.

Tea with thyme

Compound: dried lingonberry leaves - 4 g, dried leaves of St. John's wort and thyme - 10 g each, water - 200 ml.

Brew the mixture of leaves and use as tea leaves.

vitamin tea

Compound: dried oregano leaves - 5 g, dried rowan berries - 10 g, dried rose hips - 20 g, water - 200 ml.

Grind the dried berries, and then pour over boiling water and then cook for 5 minutes, then add oregano leaves and let stand for 10 minutes. This is a multivitamin tea that has a beneficial effect on the metabolism in the body, and serves as a remedy for sclerosis.

Rowan and nettle tea

Compound: rowan fruits and nettle leaves - 7: 3, water - 500 ml.

1 st. pour a spoonful of the composition with boiling water and boil for 10 minutes, then let it brew for 4 hours in a tightly closed container in a cool and dark place, filter. Drink 1/2 cup 3 times a day.

Calming vitamin tea

Compound: 4 parts of oregano herb, 2 parts of peppermint, 2 parts of thyme herb, 2 parts of Kuril tea, 2 parts of lemon balm herb, 1 part of motherwort herb, water - 200 ml.

Brewed at the rate of 1 teaspoon per cup. This tea pairs well with blueberries and blackberries. It is recommended to drink no more than 20 g of this tea per day.

Tea fortifying

Compound: dried strawberry leaves - 3 g, blackberry leaves - 3 g, black currant leaves - 3 g, St. John's wort - 10 g, thyme - 10 g, water - 200 ml.

Pour a mixture of dried herbs with boiling water in a porcelain teapot and leave for 10 minutes.

Tea with hawthorn

Compound: black tea - 1 tbsp. spoon, mint - 10 g, crushed rose hips - 7 g, motherwort - 5 g, chopped hawthorn berries - 3 g, valerian root - 2 g, water - 500 ml.

Mix all the ingredients, pour boiling water, leave for 15 minutes, strain. Drink 1 cup 4 times a day after meals.

Jasmine tea

Compound: green tea - 2 teaspoons, jasmine flowers - 1 teaspoon, lingonberry leaves - half a teaspoon, water - 500 ml.

It is important to follow the diet for allergies. Special nutrition helps to reduce the patient's burden on the digestive system of the body and improve health. Special diets also help to identify, and then completely eliminate, the causes of allergies.

Which diet is better to follow for allergies - the difference between basic diets and elimination diets

Let's take a look at the basic diets.

As a rule, the doctor prescribes them in two cases : with an exacerbation of allergies and with a low manifestation of allergic symptoms.

Such basic diets are, in fact, one - hypoallergenic. It reduces nutritional stress and maintains the overall health of the patient.

• Basic diet: period of exacerbation

Before embarking on such a diet, see an allergist . First, he will conduct special medical tests that will identify allergens. Secondly, under his control you will be able to compose your diet.

The basic diet for exacerbation is carried out in several stages:

Approximately on such a diet you should sit 5-7 days and eat small meals about 6 times a day.

• Basic Diet: Allergy Relief Period

By the way, this is the next stage of the hypoallergenic diet. It usually goes on during the first two weeks after the disappearance of allergic symptoms.

1. These days it is worth sticking to four meals a day.
2. You can add meat dishes to the diet, especially chicken breast and veal.
3. Also during this period you can eat pasta, eggs, milk, kefir, sour cream, fermented baked milk.
4. Some vegetables will also be used - cucumbers, zucchini, and greens.
5. It is better to refuse fruits, mushrooms and berries, as they can cause new signs of allergies.
6. You can also not eat honey, sugar, or products created on the basis of these substances. For example, compotes, jams, juices, marshmallows, marmalade, marshmallows, cocoa, sweets, chocolate.
7. Also give up alcohol, smoked, pickled foods, dough products.

In general, all substances and dishes should be added to your diet. under the supervision of a doctor so as not to cause new symptoms of the disease.

There is a second type of hypoallergenic diets - elimination diets.

They are prescribed by a doctor not for the purpose of treatment, but for the sake of prevention , as well as to eliminate the allergic "irritant".

• For rare allergies, doctors recommend dieting at the time of the most active manifestation of the allergen.
• And with persistent allergies should be done all the time.

Experts identify several elimination diets. They can be used for allergies caused by various substances:

• Allergy caused by tree pollen

• Dieting doesn't mean starving. Your diet should contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates that will saturate the body with the necessary vitamins. Arrange the menu so that all irreplaceable items are on the list.
• The fastest way to get rid of allergy symptoms is when exclude from the diet the product that causes a negative reaction your body.
• Do not drink alcohol while dieting and herbal preparations that cause allergies.
• Don't buy genetically modified foods. The most important of them are pepper, soybeans, pumpkin, potatoes, corn, rice. In addition, transgenic proteins are found in baby food, confectionery, sausage and carbonated drinks.
• Eliminate semi-finished products from the menu and fast food.
• Buy products without dyes and additives.