Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of an obstructive nature. The most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - symptoms, treatment, prevention. Main groups of medicines

According to statistics, in recent years, disorders and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract occupy a leading place among other diseases. Residents of big cities are especially susceptible to them. The reason for this is the wrong lifestyle and constant stress. Therefore, by the age of 30, every fourth person suffers from gastrointestinal diseases.

Characteristics of the digestive system

It's no secret that the digestive tract plays a very important role in the life of the body. With it, we get vitamins, trace elements, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and useful acids. Some of them serve as a building material for cells, provide us with energy. Other substances contribute to the smooth functioning of organs and systems. Therefore, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can not only disrupt the normal rhythm of a person's life, affecting his health, but in some cases lead to death.

The gastrointestinal tract consists of the following components: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines, which includes thin, thick and straight sections. The main functions of all these organs are: the breakdown of food, the removal of its residues from the body, the production of beneficial enzymes that contribute to proper digestion and absorption of the necessary substances. Without the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, a person feels discomfort, he feels unwell, which, due to the lack of treatment, can become chronic.

Causes of diseases

There are a lot of them and most of them belong to the wrong way of life. The main causes of gastrointestinal diseases are as follows:

1. Unbalanced diet: constant diets, overeating, harmful snacks and chewing on the go, regular visits to fast food establishments, lack of healthy fiber, instead, the predominance of animal fats and indigestible carbohydrates in the diet.
2. Ecology: poor quality of drinking water, the presence of a large amount of nitrates and pesticides in vegetables, antibiotics and preservatives in meat products.

Acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have a number of signs that make it easy to determine if you have problems with this part of the body. These include the following symptoms:

• Abdominal pain. With ulcers, it is sharp, with frequent localization, in the case of appendicitis and hernia - strong, pulsating, when a person has colic - cramping.
• Heartburn. Painful sensations are characteristic for her with an ulcer, intensification - with a hernia.
• Belching. Sour speaks of indigestion, with the smell of rotten eggs - about a pathological delay in food in the stomach and intestines.

Among the symptoms, vomiting and nausea are also distinguished, which are more characteristic of chronic diseases. For example, for gastritis. If the vomit contains spotting and clots, it may be an open ulcer or stomach cancer. If the patient regularly suffers from flatulence, he may be diagnosed with dysbacteriosis, secretory pancreatic insufficiency, complete or partial intestinal obstruction.

Other signs

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract also have less pronounced symptoms that indicate damage to the digestive system: bad breath, a feeling of bitterness, the appearance of a white coating on the tongue, poor appetite (especially aversion to meat products), constant thirst, increased salivation, a sharp decrease in body weight, the development of anemia, pallor, dizziness, weakness, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, prolonged stool disorder (constipation or diarrhea), as well as the appearance of bloody discharge in the feces.

These symptoms in themselves are not dangerous, but can disrupt the normal rhythm of life, affect its quality, and also indicate the development of pathology. Therefore, the sooner you see a doctor, the faster and easier the treatment will be, the therapy will work effectively and the result will be complete healing. If the disease is not detected at an early stage and is not cured, it can provoke serious complications or it will regularly worsen until the end of life.

Major diseases

They are characteristic of a larger percentage of patients who seek medical help. Firstly, it is gastritis, the development of which is provoked by the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, as well as nutritional errors, the presence of bad habits and constant neuroses. With gastritis, the mucous membrane of the gastric walls suffers, because of which a person feels pain, suffers from indigestion. Secondly, it is an ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. For her, among other things, painful sensations are characteristic, and also heartburn, problems with the assimilation of food. An ulcer is formed when the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are damaged and the integrity of the tissues is violated, and this can lead to life-threatening complications.

The third most common disease of the gastrointestinal tract is colitis. Occurs under the influence of pathogenic bacteria, against the background of infection. It is localized in the intestinal mucosa and is inflammatory in nature. Nonspecific colitis causes ulcerative lesions that cause peritonitis, intestinal bleeding, malignancy, and obstruction.

Other diseases

Their list is huge. What diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are most common among patients? First of all, it is pancreatitis and dysbacteriosis. The first refers to inflammatory diseases of the pancreas, which is characterized by vomiting, nausea, indigestion and pain. The second is the consequences of a change in the natural state of the intestinal microflora, as a result of which its full functioning is disrupted, problems arise with the digestibility of food, its normal excretion from the body.

The most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include such ailments: cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder, which is accompanied by bitterness in the mouth, nausea, pain, problems with stools and dyspeptic symptoms, cirrhosis of the liver - a deadly disease in which large-scale damage to the cells of the organ occurs. Digestive diseases are also called hemorrhoids and appendicitis.

Clinical picture in children

Unfortunately, recently there has been an increase in cases of digestive pathologies in babies. Gastrointestinal diseases in children occur due to several factors: poor ecology, heredity and malnutrition. As for the latter, it manifests itself in the uncontrolled use by minors of carbonated drinks, fast food products, sweets that contain emulsifiers, dyes and preservatives. Doctors say that intestinal diseases in babies most often appear at the age of 5-6 and 9-11 years. The clinical picture in this case is as follows: the baby has a stomachache, feels sick or vomits, he complains of diarrhea or constipation.

Even babies are not immune from disease. Often they suffer from so-called colic. The reason is artificial feeding. Therefore, doctors do not get tired of insisting that breast milk is the best food for the smallest children. It not only has a beneficial effect on the stomach, but also helps to strengthen the immune system. An organism that receives a sufficient amount of natural vitamins, trace elements and antibodies from mother's milk can also provide a decent resistance to various bacteria that cause FGT diseases.

Intestinal diseases in children

Acute intestinal diseases of babies belong to a separate group of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. These are salmonellosis and dysentery, which cause intoxication, dehydration and various dyspeptic disorders. These symptoms are very dangerous and require immediate hospitalization. Interestingly, it is children who most often suffer from intestinal infections. This is due to the fact that in babies the protective mechanisms of the body are still imperfectly working. The reasons are also the neglect of sanitary standards by children and the physiological characteristics of their gastrointestinal tract.

Acute infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can provoke a delay in physical development, "kill" the immune system and cause a number of serious complications and irreversible consequences. Usually they are accompanied by a complete lack of appetite, fever, pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. The kid complains of weakness and fatigue, he is inhibited, lethargic. Such a child needs medical care: antibiotic therapy is prescribed by a pediatric gastroenterologist.

Treatment

First you need to contact a specialized doctor - a gastroenterologist. Only after passing the necessary tests and examinations, he will make an accurate diagnosis. Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, its duration and intensity will depend on the specific disease, the form and stage of its development, the degree of neglect, the general condition of the patient. Usually drug therapy is used, but in some cases surgical intervention is urgently required.

Tactics are selected individually. The following drugs are usually prescribed:

• Antacids - neutralize stomach acid.
• Alginates - normalize acidity.
• Prokinetics - stimulate gastrointestinal motility.
• Antispasmodics - relieve spasms of smooth muscles.
• Antibiotics and probiotics.
• Enterosorbents - against intoxication.
• Antimicrobial agents.
• Enzymatic digestive preparations, etc.

In combination with drug treatment, traditional medicine is also used: infusions and decoctions of medicinal plants. For example, immortelle, nettle, yarrow, lemon balm. They are very effective, but you can only take them under the supervision of your doctor.

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

All diseases from this series are so different that specific recommendations can be given only after a detailed study of the diagnosis. The diet is subject to adjustment in each individual case. But there are also general requirements for the patient's diet. First, you need to eat often - 6 times a day. Portions should not be large, it is best if the dish is rare or crushed. So you will not overload the stomach and intestines. Secondly, the patient needs to drink 2 liters of water per day.

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract must be sparing. Preference should be given to souffle, mashed potatoes, omelettes, low-fat fish and meat broths. Fried, smoked, canned, pickled, salted - under a strict ban. It is also necessary to abandon various sauces, semi-finished products, seasonings and spices. Vegetables that cause fermentation processes should also be excluded. These are all legumes, corn, peas, cabbage, turnips and radishes. Other vegetables must be thoroughly boiled or stewed. Food should be fresh and easy to digest. The more fiber in the diet and less refined food, the better the digestive tract will work.

Prevention

First of all - it's all the same balanced and proper nutrition. Prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract includes such measures: compliance with the rules of sanitary cooking and personal hygiene. Thus, you protect yourself and your family from intestinal infections. Eat only healthy foods: vegetables, fruits, greens, low-fat dairy products, fish and meat. Try to have the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in your daily diet.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are very "like" passive people. Therefore, try to move more, play sports, spend a lot of time outdoors. An excellent option would be swimming, light running, aerobics and even walking. Give up bad habits - they provoke malfunctions in the intestines and stomach. Try to protect yourself from stress, do not be too nervous, take natural sedatives: valerian or motherwort. If the first alarming symptoms occur, immediately consult a doctor - this way you will avoid the progression of the disease and prevent its transition to a chronic form, and, of course, achieve a complete recovery.

Acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract develop mainly against the background of allergic reactions, food poisoning or other pathological conditions of an infectious nature. And chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (, gastritis, cholecystitis and others) develop as a result of prolonged use of harmful foods and eating disorders.

Untimely seeking medical help and treatment leads to the fact that the disease passes from an acute form to a chronic one.

Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and their symptoms

The most common chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include:

Gastritis- the most common disease of the gastrointestinal tract, often of a chronic nature. With this disease, the mucous membranes of the walls of the stomach are affected. Provoking factors in the development of the disease are: the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, smoking, alcohol abuse, dietary errors, stress.

Typical symptoms:

• feeling of fullness and pressure in the area above the stomach after eating;
• nausea;
• heartburn;
• loss of appetite;
• dull pain in the upper abdomen;
• bad taste in the mouth.

Ulcer of the stomach and duodenum- characterized by a violation of the integrity of tissues, the formation of an ulcer and the development of life-threatening complications.

Typical symptoms:

• hungry pains in the upper abdomen;
• nausea;
• vomiting that brings relief;
• heartburn;
• belching;
• weight loss.

It is also important to remember that peptic ulcer can also be asymptomatic until its first manifestation in the form of bleeding, perforation and other serious complications that can lead to the death of the patient if timely assistance is not provided.

Chronic pancreatitis- characterized by an inflammatory process in the pancreas, in which the tissue of the organ is replaced by a connective one.

Typical symptoms:

• pain in the left hypochondrium of a dull aching nature, aggravated after a fatty or plentiful meal;
• nausea;
• heaviness in the upper abdomen;
• bitterness in the mouth;
• stool disorder.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a relapsing disease in which there is a reflux of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus, which leads to damage to its lower part.

Typical symptoms:

• heartburn, frequent and persistent;
• rapid satiety, bloating, nausea and vomiting;
• sour eructation after eating or when bending forward;
• chest pain.

Often there are also pulmonary (cough, shortness of breath) and ENT symptoms (hoarse voice, white coating on the tongue, dry throat, sinusitis, tonsillitis).

Biliary dyskinesia- decreased or increased ability of the gallbladder to contract, more common in women. May accompany other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cause gallstone disease.

Typical symptoms:

• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• bitterness in the mouth;
• emotional and physical weakness;
• sleep disorder.

Cholelithiasis(GSD) - characterized by the formation of stones in the gallbladder and its ducts. The disease may hardly manifest itself as long as the stones lie quietly. The disease often accompanies atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Typical symptoms:

• heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
• belching;
• nausea;
• bitterness in the mouth.

These and other chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract usually occur with the involvement of other organs of the digestive tract in the inflammatory process.

The main causes of chronic gastrointestinal diseases

The most common causes of chronic gastrointestinal diseases are:

neuro-emotional stress,

abuse of alcohol, strong coffee, spicy, sour, rough and fatty foods

overeating and malnutrition,

• uncontrolled intake of medications,

  avoid simple (fast) carbohydrates in the form of rich confectionery and sweets, which, in addition to weight gain, contribute to the appearance of heartburn, constipation, gas formation

  observe moderation when consuming products containing essential oils (radish, radish, garlic, horseradish, mustard, etc.), marinades and spicy dishes that stimulate excessive production of digestive juices that can lead to inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa

  reduce the use or completely eliminate smoked meats from the diet (carcinogens are formed during smoking) and canned foods containing harmful preservatives, stabilizers and dyes

  more often use vegetable oils (without heat treatment), which contribute to the formation and secretion of bile, intestinal motility, the integrity of the cell membranes of the digestive tract

  increase the consumption of foods containing dietary fiber (vegetables, fruits, herbs, cereals, bran), which helps to increase healthy intestines, normalize cholesterol metabolism, remove toxic substances from the body

  consume fermented milk products daily that contain beneficial lactobacilli that contribute to the health and normal functioning of the intestines

• include seafood in your daily diet, which is a supplier of protein, useful food iodine and improves fat metabolism.

Diseases of the digestive organs (organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)) are one of the most common diseases of the internal organs. Almost every third inhabitant of the Earth has one or another disease, the most common of which are gastritis, hepatitis, ulcers, hemorrhoids, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and others.

Gastroenterology- a branch of medicine that studies the structure, functions, diseases and treatment of the organs of the human digestive system, or as they are also called - the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, gastroenterology studies the causes of diseases, their symptoms, and also develops methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

Organs of the gastrointestinal tract

1. Salivary glands:
2. - Parotid gland
3. - Submandibular gland
4. - Sublingual gland
5. Oral cavity
6. Throat
7. Language
8. Esophagus
9. Pancreas
10. Stomach
11. Pancreatic duct
12. Liver
13. Gallbladder
14. Duodenum
15. Common bile duct
16. Colon
17. Transverse colon
18. Ascending colon
19. Descending colon
20. Ileum (small intestine)
21. Caecum
22. Appendix
23. Rectum
24. Anal opening

Causes of gastrointestinal diseases

Basically, the cause of most diseases of the digestive system are:

• non-compliance;
• malnutrition, as well as individual intolerance to certain foods;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• unfavorable ecological situation;
• congenital abnormalities of organs from the norm.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases

The most common symptoms of diseases of the digestive system:

• nausea and;
• unpleasant odor from the mouth;
• painful stool;
• diarrhea, constipation.

Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

For the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system, respiratory tests are mainly used. It is enough just to breathe into a special tube, and the specialist will in turn determine the type of disease, as well as establish its cause.

Flatulence

One of the most common symptoms of various disorders of the stomach and intestines is flatulence, or in other words, bloating. This is a condition in which a sick person, from excessive accumulation of gases, feels bursting inside himself. As a rule, flatulence is accompanied by pain in the form of contractions, which subside after their departure. Also, the condition is characterized by a feeling of unprecedented heaviness and often manifests itself along with hiccups and belching.

Nausea

Vomit

A very unpleasant phenomenon, which is an involuntary ejection through the pharynx and mouth of everything that was in the stomach. As a rule, it is accompanied by frequent breathing, sharp pains in the abdomen, increased salivation. True, after the release of vomit, the patient feels relief. Vomiting is usually a sign of many diseases and poisonings. It happens that it is not possible to stop it without the intervention of health workers.

Therefore, it is important to understand that prolonged vomiting is a very serious symptom, therefore, self-medication in this case is strictly prohibited. Especially if what comes out has impurities of mucus, blood or bile.

By the way, vomiting can occur even with strong excitement or a surge of emotions. For many women in a position in the early stages, this is generally normal.

Heartburn

This irritating symptom appears when the patient has an excessive release of gastric juice, that is, acidity increases. Heartburn is a kind of uncomfortable burning sensation in the upper esophagus. Sometimes people suffering from heartburn feel a lump in the throat, which presses hard and delivers very unpleasant sensations. They especially annoy the patient with gastrointestinal disorders when a person bends down to pick up or do something. In this position of the body, it only intensifies and irritates even more.

But keep in mind - such a common occurrence as heartburn can cause holes in the stomach, intestines (ulcers) and even cancer of the digestive system.

Bad breath

Every inhabitant of the planet faces this problem. The fact is that bad breath, as a rule, occurs when a person is extremely hungry ... we are not talking about non-compliance with hygiene measures. In another way, this condition is also called halitosis.

The development of this unpleasant symptom is facilitated by various ailments of the gastrointestinal tract. And both in adults and children. Bad-smelling breath usually occurs in patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer, problems with the pancreas, namely in the state of acetonomic syndrome and other diseases. In general, doctors calculated that in 50% of cases, bad breath comes from when there are certain disorders in the digestive tract.

Salivation disorders

Xerostomia or difficult salivation, and vice versa - an increased secretory reflex - is a mandatory accompaniment of many gastrointestinal disorders. Especially violations of salivation are manifested in the presence of gastritis in a person, certain types of cholecystitis and other similar pathologies. Also, increased salivation can occur with ulcers, inflammation of the pancreas, etc.

Such an unpleasant symptom is most often manifested with concomitant symptoms - heartburn or belching, which only indicates that a person develops a pathology of the digestive system. Usually, problems with salivation go away on their own, as soon as the patient's period of exacerbation of the disease begins to subside.

Language changes

This sign of gastrointestinal pathologies is the most common and, as a rule, occurs with gastritis, ulcers and other digestive ailments. It is simply impossible not to notice changes in the oral cavity. Indeed, with such violations, plaque, hyperemia, edema, or even peculiar wounds appear on the tongue. The color of this organ also changes - in the presence of diseases of the stomach and intestines, it can acquire a grayish tint or very white with a characteristic yellowness. So, in the presence of an ulcer in a patient, a strong coating and swelling appear on the tongue, and with gastritis, hypertrophy of the fungiform papillae, small dots on its surface, is also added to this.

It is believed that changes on the lingual surface in the mouth are the earliest symptom that indicates the development of bad gastrointestinal pathologies in the body.

hiccup

Specific contractions of the diaphragm, characterized by the involuntary expulsion of excess air that entered the stomach with food or resulting from increased gas formation. Therefore, hiccups are one of the main symptoms of many gastrointestinal disorders, for example, stomach overflow with food or severe intoxication. In any case, if the hiccups are not long-term, then apart from discomfort and annoyance, it will not cause much trouble. But when such a physiological reaction is too long and exhausting, it is better to contact a gastroenterologist and undergo an appropriate examination.

Bitterness in the mouth

One of the unpleasant manifestations of digestive pathologies. Its presence, constant or rare, is another reason to seek medical help. After all, a bitter taste in the mouth is associated with a malfunction of the gallbladder or problems with the liver. Most often occurs with cholecystitis and pancreatitis, indicating that bile is released into the stomach. This symptom is also characteristic of peptic ulcer disease.

Skin itching

As mentioned above, such a phenomenon is also a symptom of disorders in the digestive system. As a rule, pruritus occurs with pathologies of the kidneys, liver, pancreas, worms or disturbances in the metabolic processes of the body. An itchy focus can occur in one place or spread to several points.

Therefore, as soon as you notice such a “need” in yourself, you need to be examined in order to identify the disease at the initial stage. Although, if skin itching has a prolonged course, then this may indicate chronic ailments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Jaundice

It appears when, as a result of the development of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, the outflow of bile from the biliary tract into the duodenum is disturbed. At the same time, it simply stagnates and bilirubin (bile pigment) enters the bloodstream, staining the skin and sclera of the eyes in a characteristic yellow color.

A frequent occurrence in disorders of the human digestive system. It is characterized by frequent, mostly watery stools. Diarrhea in a patient appears when food is poorly digested, moves very quickly through the gastrointestinal tract, not having time to digest properly. Usually, this condition is provoked by viruses and bacteria present in the inflamed intestine. And a similar manifestation accompanies pancreatitis, intoxication or cholestasis.

By the way, diarrhea is also a symptom of other disorders of the human body, for example, stress, climate change or diet, taking certain medications. In any case, such an important sign cannot be ignored, because it can provoke an even more serious illness.

Rumbling in the stomach

Every person has this symptom. We are used to thinking that rumbling means that a person is hungry. But sometimes such specific sounds from the abdomen indicate the occurrence of a serious illness.

Usually the cause of annoying rumbling is a disease of the gallbladder (the presence of stones in it), colitis, enteritis, or pancreatitis again.

That is, this phenomenon is a kind of accompaniment to the above mentioned symptoms of esophageal diseases - flatulence, diarrhea, etc. Depending on in which area of ​​​​the abdomen you feel rumbling sounds, you can pre-diagnose one or another pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.

Constipation

Disturbances in the digestive tract can sometimes be accompanied by difficult bowel activity - constipation. You should pay attention to this if you have not had a bowel movement for more than 48 hours. Constipation is also considered the discharge of very hard stools, which come out with very strong and unpleasant pain.

There are many reasons for this state of the body, but the most common of them are stomach or duodenal ulcers, dysbacteriosis, oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, or irritable bowel syndrome.

Pain in the abdomen

In general, with characteristic diseases of the entire digestive system, the very first sign indicating digestive disorders is the so-called epigastric pain. As a rule, they appear with serious disorders and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, and with the slightest disorder or poisoning. Pain in the abdomen can be either cramping or aching in nature.

Their presence can say a lot: about a peptic ulcer, and about an increase or damage to the liver, and about the fact that the intestines or biliary tract in the patient's body are too active.

Itching of the anus

But if you feel pain in the abdomen, and at the same time you are worried about itching near the anus, look for the cause in the intestines. The most likely cause of this may be diseases of the rectum and the anus itself. If your anus itself and the area around it are irritated all the time, then these may well be warts or condylomas, which, during defecation, are touched by feces and begin to itch. The most banal reason for this depressing phenomenon is, of course, worms.

Pathological impurities in the feces

But the appearance of this symptom already indicates more serious ailments. In modern medicine, they include pieces of undigested food, mucus, blood, pus. The last two "contents" in the feces of a sick person indicate a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the esophagus. Also, blood and pus in the stool may be present when a person has dysentery, an ulcer, hemorrhoids, or a fissure in the rectum.

This is a serious enough symptom that requires immediate medical attention.

Tenesmus or false urges

It is also a characteristic sign of disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. Occurs as a result of violations of muscle contractions and contributes to the formation of the urge to defecate. As a rule, apart from pain, they do not bring anything good to the patient and are accompanied by a complete absence of feces.

Belching

A frequent and characteristic phenomenon in every person. This is a kind of release through the mouth of excess gases from the stomach when it is saturated with food. Accompanied by a characteristic unpleasant sound, which speaks not only of the patient's bad manners, but also of the presence of gastrointestinal diseases.

Although it is also present in pathologies of the cardiovascular, liver and gallbladder.

Dysphagia

This is also an important symptom of digestive pathologies. It presents with difficulty swallowing. The causes may be various lesions of the esophagus: foreign bodies, cicatricial narrowing or tumors. But the most common cause of this phenomenon is gastroesophageal reflux disease, which also requires medical intervention.

The stomach is the engine of the body, on the work of which the functions of all internal systems depend. Diseases of the stomach are provoked by the wrong way of life, external factors. Every fourth person by the age of 30 has a history of at least one disease associated with the digestive organ. Who is more susceptible to developing diseases? What is the cause of the development of pathologies and how to treat them?

Who is susceptible to disease?

The number of people suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is increasing every day. The mechanism of occurrence of the disease affects the percentage of origin of pathologies in men and women. For example, an ulcer is more common in the male part of the population than in women, the age category is the elderly. But young people are susceptible to duodenal ulcer. Emotionally unbalanced people who smoke and eat irregularly are most at risk of getting sick.

Causes of stomach pathologies

There are many reasons that provoke stomach diseases in humans. Main culprits:

• food on the go
• the use of low-quality products;
• binge eating;
• inappropriate temperature of food and drinks (hot or cold);
• stressful situations;
• psychological excitement;
• psychotrauma;
• diseases of internal organs;
• acute infectious processes;
• autoimmune processes;
• alcohol;
• nicotine.

Typical Symptoms

Diseases of the stomach cause dysfunction of the organ, provoking the following main symptoms:

• Skin allergy.
• Pale skin.
• Plaque on the tongue. Plaque on the tongue, uncharacteristic for a healthy body, worsens the taste perception of food.
• Pain. The center of its concentration is the epigastric region. The pain may be dull, aching, cramping, or sharp. The occurrence of pain is always associated with food intake.
• Belching. The most common expression of dysfunction of the stomach. Belching exists pathological (decreased sphincter tone) and functional (after eating). It has various flavors that characterize a particular ailment.
• Heartburn. A burning sensation in the esophagus is due to the ingress of gastric contents into it. Most often, heartburn is a sign of increased acidity, but there are cases of its manifestation with a reduced and normal level of acidity.
• Nausea. The state of pressure in the pit of the stomach, which is accompanied by increased salivation, dizziness, lowering blood pressure, may appear as an independent phenomenon, or may be a harbinger of the vomiting phase.
• Vomit. Involuntary release of internal contents through the esophagus accompanies various diseases of the stomach. When vomiting occurs, it is important to remember the time of its appearance, volume, color, smell, texture. Vomiting is often associated with an exacerbation of the pain condition and brings relief to the patient.

List of various stomach diseases

The patient's description of the symptoms is not enough to make a diagnosis, the doctor may ask for the necessary analysis. It is important to know and distinguish common mucosal diseases by their symptoms. Among the pathological conditions, there are violations of the motor and secretory functions, erosive and ulcerative pathologies, specific inflammatory processes and the development of neoplasms.

stomach ulcer

The nature of the disease is due to the appearance of defects in the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach. This is facilitated by a decrease in the body's defenses. Sometimes the cause of a peptic ulcer becomes an ectopia of the pancreas. A characteristic difference of the disease is that the stomach hurts at the same time, usually after eating. Gastric ulcers often cause stomach pain that is not associated with food, the so-called "hunger pains". Timely diagnosis is important, since the danger of an ulcer lies in complications: wall defects cause leakage into the blood, swelling near erosion narrows the exit from the organ, degeneration into a tumor, perforation, peritonitis. Lethal outcome from peritonitis occurs on the 3rd day.

Inflammation of the membrane

Under the description of gastritis, all inflammations of the mucous membrane of the organ are combined. A chronic condition is the result of an acute course of the inflammatory process. During the period of acute inflammation, the patient feels pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, dizziness. With prolonged gastritis, light, unobtrusive pains are felt. There is belching, heartburn, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, a white coating on the tongue. 3% of all cases of diseases are accounted for by an autoimmune complication - atrophic gastritis.

Stages of prolapse of the stomach

Proper placement of the stomach is disturbed due to the weakening of muscle tone. Pathology is congenital or acquired. Acquired gastroptosis may be caused by uncontrolled weight loss or heavy lifting. The acquired causes include childbirth in women. There are 3 stages of omission: initial, moderate and strong.

The omission negatively affects the digestive function, muscle contraction of the walls and the promotion of the food coma into the intestines. The valves between the stomach and esophagus, stomach and small intestine are disrupted. As a result, air enters through the sphincters, causing belching and penetration of bile, which can corrode the protective layer of the organ.

malignant tumor

The most common form of cancer. The disease is divided into 3 oncological stages: early, detection of stomach disease, terminal. At an early stage, a manifestation of small signs, uncharacteristic for cancer, is observed: loss of appetite, depression, reduced performance. As a harbinger of a precancerous condition, leukoplakia may appear. At a later date, indigestion appears and the stomach hurts.

Most often, the defeat captures the cardia, subcardia and fundus of the stomach. A number of serious prerequisites made it necessary to combine the diagnoses of cancer of the cardia and subcardia into a separate group - cancer of the upper section. It is they who are characterized by a long “silent” period and late detection of clinical signs. The condition is dangerous by tumor rupture, as a result - peritonitis. Therapy of the disease is carried out surgically, in the early stages of the operation it is possible to achieve a positive result.

Bulbitis (a type of duodenitis)

Swelling of the duodenal bulb is called bulbitis. The bulb opens into the bile duct and pancreas, provides the introduction of the contents of the stomach. Therefore, inflammation of the bulb is often associated with gastritis. The following types of bulbite are distinguished:

• erosive;
• catarrhal;
• superficial;
• sharp;
• chronic.

Gastric disease can occur with minimal symptoms (swelling, accumulation of mucus, reddening of the walls), or in severe form (erosion, follicles, bleeding). Sometimes ectopia of the pancreas into the ducts can be observed. It is not difficult to determine any kind of bulbitis using instrumental studies in modern medicine.

Erosion of the stomach

Diagnosis with a gastroscope often in patients shows erosive lesions of the walls of the organ. Erosion does not affect the deep layers of the walls, therefore, when healing, it does not leave a scar. Erosions do not manifest themselves, but in some cases, internal bleeding, swelling, belching and rare pain may appear. Studies show that most patients with erosions have increased acidity. To prescribe the correct treatment, it is important to determine the cause of the development of the disease.

Stomach upset

Dysfunction, as a rule, is manifested by pain, bloating, heartburn, belching, and a feeling of heaviness. The causes of stomach disease are divided into functional disorders of the organ and organic. With organic disorders, it is quite easy to establish the cause of the disease of the stomach, and in case of violation of the functions of the organ, it is not always possible to do this. As a result of dysfunction, the movement of food and the formation of secretory fluid for digestion are disrupted.