Health 

How are natural waters polluted? The essence of the problem of clean water. Sources of water pollution

The presence of fresh clean water- a necessary condition for the existence of all living organisms on the planet.

To share fresh water, usable, accounts for only 3% of its total amount.

Despite this, a person in the process of his activity mercilessly pollutes it.

Thus, a very large volume of fresh water has now become completely unusable. A sharp deterioration in the quality of fresh water occurred as a result of contamination with chemical and radioactive substances, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers and sewage, and this is already.

Types of pollution

It is clear that all types of pollution that exist are also present in the aquatic environment.

This is quite an extensive list.

In many ways, the solution to the problem of pollution will be .

heavy metals

During the operation of large factories, industrial effluents are discharged into fresh water, the composition of which is replete with various kinds of heavy metals. Many of them, getting into the human body, have a detrimental effect on it, leading to severe poisoning, death. Such substances are called xenobiotics, that is, elements that are alien to a living organism. The class of xenobiotics includes such elements as cadmium, nickel, lead, mercury and many others.

Sources of water pollution by these substances are known. These are primarily metallurgical enterprises, automobile factories.

Natural processes on the planet can also contribute to pollution. For example, harmful compounds are found in large quantities in the products of volcanic activity, which from time to time enter lakes, polluting them.

But definitely anthropogenic factor here is crucial.

radioactive substances

The development of the nuclear industry has caused significant harm to all life on the planet, including water bodies with fresh water. During the activities of nuclear enterprises, radioactive isotopes are formed, as a result of the decay of which particles with different penetrating abilities (alpha, beta and gamma particles) are released. All of them are capable of causing irreparable harm to living beings, since when they enter the body, these elements damage its cells and contribute to the development of cancer.

Sources of pollution can be:

  • precipitation falling out in areas where nuclear tests;
  • wastewater discharged into the reservoir by nuclear industry enterprises.
  • ships operating using nuclear reactors (in case of an accident).

Inorganic pollution

The main inorganic elements that degrade water quality in reservoirs are toxic compounds. chemical elements. These include toxic metal compounds, alkalis, salts. As a result of the ingress of these substances into the water, its composition changes to be consumed by living organisms.

Sewage is the main source of pollution large enterprises, factories, mines. Some inorganic pollutants enhance their negative properties when in acidic environment. Thus, acidic wastewater coming from a coal mine carries aluminum, copper, zinc in concentrations that are very dangerous for living organisms.

Every day, a huge amount of water from sewage flows into reservoirs.

Such water contains a lot of pollutants. These are particles of detergents, small remnants of food and household waste, feces. These substances in the process of their decomposition give life to numerous pathogenic microorganisms.

If they enter the human body, they can provoke a number of serious diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid fever.

From large cities, such effluents enter rivers and the ocean.

Synthetic fertilizers

Synthetic fertilizers used by humans contain many harmful substances such as nitrates and phosphates. Their entry into the reservoir provokes the excessive growth of a specific blue-green algae. Growing to a huge size, it prevents the development of other plants in the reservoir, while the algae itself cannot serve as food for living organisms that live in the water. All this leads to the disappearance of life in the reservoir and its swamping.

How to solve the problem of water pollution

Of course, there are ways to solve this problem.

It is known that most of the pollutants enter the water bodies together with wastewater from large enterprises. Water purification is one of the ways to solve the problem of water pollution. Business owners should attend to the installation of high-quality treatment facilities. The presence of such devices, of course, is not capable of completely stopping the release of toxic substances, but they can significantly reduce their concentration.

Also with pollution drinking water household filters that will clean it in the house will help fight.

The person himself should take care of the purity of fresh water. Compliance with several simple rules will help to significantly reduce the level of water pollution:

  • Use tap water sparingly.
  • Avoid getting household waste into the sewer system.
  • Clean up nearby waterways and beaches whenever possible.
  • Do not use synthetic fertilizers. The best fertilizers are organic household waste, cut grass, fallen leaves or compost.
  • Dispose of discarded trash.

Despite the fact that the problem of water pollution is now reaching alarming proportions, it is quite possible to solve it. To do this, each person must make some efforts, treat nature more carefully.

Classmates

2 Comments

    Everyone knows that the percentage of water in the human body is large and our metabolism and overall health will depend on its quality. I see ways to solve this environmental problem in relation to our country: cutting water consumption rates to a minimum, and what is over - so at inflated tariffs; the received funds should be given for the development of water treatment facilities (cleaning with activated sludge, ozonation).

    Water is the source of all life. Neither humans nor animals can live without it. I did not think that the problems with fresh water are so great. But it is impossible to live a full life without mines, sewers, factories, etc. In the future, of course, humanity will have a solution to this problem, but what to do now? I believe that people should actively address the issue of water and take some action.

For a long time, the problem of water pollution was not acute for most countries. The available resources were sufficient to meet the needs of the local population. With the growth of industry, the increase in the amount of water used by man, the situation has changed dramatically. Now the issues of its purification and preservation of quality are being dealt with at the international level.

Methods for determining the degree of pollution

Water pollution is commonly understood as a change in its chemical or physical composition, biological characteristics. This defines restrictions on further use of the resource. The pollution of fresh waters deserves great attention, because their purity is inextricably linked with the quality of life and human health.

In order to determine the state of water, it is measured whole line indicators. Among them:

  • chromaticity;
  • degree of turbidity;
  • smell;
  • pH level;
  • content of heavy metals, trace elements and organic matter;
  • coli titer;
  • hydrobiological indicators;
  • the amount of oxygen dissolved in water;
  • oxidizability;
  • the presence of pathogenic microflora;
  • chemical oxygen demand, etc.

In almost all countries, there are supervisory authorities that must, at certain intervals, depending on the degree of importance of a pond, lake, river, etc., determine the quality from the contents. If deviations are found, the reasons that could provoke water pollution are identified. Then steps are taken to eliminate them.

What causes resource pollution?

There are many reasons that can cause water pollution. It is not always associated with human activities or industrial enterprises. Natural disasters that occur periodically in different areas can also disrupt environmental conditions. The most common reasons are considered to be:

  • Domestic and industrial waste water. If they do not pass the system of purification from synthetic, chemical elements and organic substances, then, getting into water bodies, they can provoke a water-environmental catastrophe.
  • . This problem is not spoken about so often, so as not to provoke social tension. But the exhaust gases that enter the atmosphere after the emissions of road transport, industrial enterprises, along with rains, end up on the ground, polluting the environment.
  • Solid waste, which can not only change the state of the biological environment in the reservoir, but also the flow itself. Often this leads to flooding of rivers and lakes, obstruction of the flow.
  • Organic pollution associated with human activities, natural decomposition of dead animals, plants, etc.
  • Industrial accidents and man-made disasters.
  • Floods.
  • Thermal pollution associated with the production of electricity and other energy. In some cases, water is heated up to 7 degrees, which causes the death of microorganisms, plants and fish, which require a different temperature regime.
  • Avalanches, mudflows, etc.

In some cases, nature itself is able to clean up over time. water resources. But period chemical reactions will be big. Most often, the death of inhabitants of reservoirs and pollution of fresh water cannot be prevented without human intervention.

The process of moving pollutants in water

If we are not talking about solid waste, then in all other cases, pollutants can exist:

  • in a dissolved state;
  • in a balanced state.

They may be droplets or small particles. Biocontaminants are observed in the form of live microorganisms or viruses.

If solid particles get into the water, they will not necessarily settle to the bottom. Depending on the current, storm events, they are able to rise to the surface. An additional factor is the composition of water. In the sea, it is almost impossible for such particles to sink to the bottom. As a result of the current, they easily move over long distances.

Experts draw attention to the fact that due to the change in the direction of the current in coastal areas, the level of pollution is traditionally higher.

Regardless of the type of pollutant, it can enter the body of fish that live in a reservoir, or birds that are looking for food in the water. If this does not lead to the direct death of the creature, then it can affect the further food chain. There is a high probability that this is how water pollution poisons people and worsens their health.

The main results of the impact of pollution on the environment

Regardless of whether the pollutant enters the body of a person, fish, animal, a protective reaction is triggered. Some types of toxins can be rendered harmless immune cells. In most cases, a living organism needs help in the form of treatment so that the processes do not become serious and do not lead to death.

Scientists determine, depending on the source of pollution and its influence, the following indicators of poisoning:

  • Genotoxicity. Heavy metals and other trace elements are ways to damage and change the structure of DNA. As a result, serious problems are observed in the development of a living organism, the risk of diseases increases, etc.
  • Carcinogenicity. The problems of oncology are closely related to what kind of water a person or animals consumes. The danger lies in the fact that a cell, having turned into a cancer cell, is able to quickly regenerate the rest in the body.
  • neurotoxicity. Many metals, chemicals can affect nervous system. Everyone knows the phenomenon of the release of whales, which is provoked by such pollution. The behavior of sea and river inhabitants becomes inadequate. They are not only able to kill themselves, but also begin to devour those who were previously uninteresting to them. Getting into the human body with water or food from such fish and animals, chemicals can provoke a slowdown in the reaction of the brain, destruction nerve cells etc.
  • Violation of energy exchange. By acting on mitochondrial cells, pollutants are able to change the processes of energy production. As a result, the body ceases to carry out active actions. Lack of energy can cause death.
  • reproductive insufficiency. If water pollution causes the death of living organisms not so often, then it can affect the state of health in 100 percent of cases. Scientists are especially concerned that their ability to reproduce a new generation is being lost. Solving this genetic problem is not easy. Artificial update required aquatic environment.

How does water control and treatment work?

Realizing that pollution of fresh water endangers human existence, government agencies at the national and international levels create requirements for the implementation of enterprises and people's behavior. These frameworks are reflected in the documents regulating the procedures for water control and the operation of purification systems.

There are the following cleaning methods:

  • Mechanical or primary. Its task is to prevent large objects from entering the reservoirs. To do this, special gratings and filters are installed on the pipes through which the drains go. It is required to clean the pipes in a timely manner, otherwise the blockage can cause an accident.
  • Specialized. Designed to capture pollutants of a single type. For example, there are traps for fats, oil slicks, flocs, which are deposited with the help of coagulants.
  • Chemical. It implies that wastewater will be reused in a closed cycle. Therefore, knowing their composition at the outlet, they select chemicals that are able to return water to its original state. Usually this is technical water, not drinking water.
  • Tertiary cleaning. So that water can be used in everyday life, agriculture, in the food industry, its quality must be impeccable. For this, it is processed special formulations or powders capable of retaining heavy metals, harmful microorganisms and other substances in the process of multi-stage filtration.

Everything in life more people tries to install powerful filters that eliminate pollution caused by old communications and pipes.

Diseases that dirty water can provoke

Until it became clear that pathogens and bacteria can enter the body with water, humanity was faced with. After all, epidemics observed periodically in a particular country claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people.

The most common diseases that bad water can lead to include:

  • cholera;
  • enterovirus;
  • giardiasis;
  • schistosomiasis;
  • amoebiasis;
  • congenital deformities;
  • mental anomalies;
  • intestinal disorders;
  • gastritis;
  • skin lesions;
  • mucous burns;
  • oncological diseases;
  • decrease in reproductive function;
  • endocrine disorders.

The purchase of bottled water and the installation of filters is a means of preventing diseases. Some use silver items, which also partially disinfect the water.

Water pollution has the power to change the planet and make the quality of life completely different. That is why the issue of water conservation is constantly raised. environmental organizations and research centers. This allows you to attract the attention of enterprises, the public, government agencies to existing problems and stimulate the start of active actions to prevent a catastrophe.

Water pollution is a serious problem for the Earth's ecology. And it should be solved both on a large scale - at the level of states and enterprises, and on a small scale - at the level of every human being. After all, do not forget that the responsibility for the Pacific Garbage Patch lies on the conscience of all those who do not throw garbage in the bin.

Domestic wastewater often contains synthetic detergents that end up in rivers and seas. The accumulation of inorganic substances affects aquatic life, and reduce the amount of oxygen in the water, which leads to the formation of the so-called "dead zones", of which there are already about 400 in the world.

Often industrial effluents containing inorganic and organic waste descend into rivers and seas. Every year, thousands of chemical substances, whose effect on the environment is not known in advance. Many of them are new compounds. Although industrial effluents are in many cases pre-treated, they still contain toxic substances which are difficult to detect.

acid rain

Acid rain occurs as a result of the release of exhaust gases from metallurgical enterprises, thermal power plants, oil refineries, and other industrial enterprises and road transport. These gases contain oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, which combine with moisture and oxygen in the air to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids then fall to the ground, sometimes many hundreds of kilometers away from the source of the air pollution. In countries such as Canada, the USA, Germany, thousands of rivers and lakes were left without vegetation and fish.

solid waste

If it is in the water a large number of suspended solids, they make it opaque to sunlight and thus interfere with the process of photosynthesis in water basins. This in turn causes disturbances in the food chain in such pools. Besides, solid waste cause siltation of rivers and shipping channels, which leads to the need for frequent dredging.

oil leak

In the US alone, there are approximately 13,000 oil spills each year. AT sea ​​water up to 12 million tons of oil enter annually. In the UK, more than 1 million tons of used engine oil is poured into the sewers every year.

Oil spilled into seawater has many adverse effects on marine life. First of all, birds die: drowning, overheating in the sun or deprived of food. Oil blinds animals living in the water - seals, seals. It reduces the penetration of light into closed water bodies and can increase the temperature of the water.

Uncertain sources

It is often difficult to identify the source of water pollution - it can be an unauthorized release of harmful substances by an enterprise, or pollution caused by agricultural or industrial activities. This leads to water pollution with nitrates, phosphates, toxic ions. heavy metals and pesticides.

Thermal water pollution

Thermal water pollution is caused by thermal or nuclear power plants. Thermal pollution is introduced into the surrounding water bodies by waste cooling water. As a result, an increase in water temperature in these reservoirs leads to an acceleration of some biochemical processes, as well as to a decrease in the content of oxygen dissolved in water. Finely balanced reproduction cycles are disrupted various organisms. In conditions of thermal pollution, as a rule, there is a strong growth of algae, but the extinction of other organisms living in the water.

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Water is the most valuable natural resource. Its role is participation in the process of metabolism of all substances that are the basis of any life form. It is impossible to imagine the activity of industrial, agricultural enterprises without the use of water, it is indispensable in human everyday life. Everyone needs water: people, animals, plants. For some, it is a habitat.

The rapid development of human life, the inefficient use of resources has led to the fact that e environmental problems (including water pollution) have become too acute. Their solution is in the first place for humanity. Scientists, environmentalists around the world are sounding the alarm and trying to find a solution to the world problem

Sources of water pollution

There are many reasons for pollution, and not always the human factor is to blame. Natural disasters also harm clean water bodies and disrupt the ecological balance.

The most common sources of water pollution are:

    Industrial, domestic waste water. Having not passed the system of purification from chemical harmful substances, they, getting into the reservoir, provoke an ecological catastrophe.

    Tertiary cleaning. Water is treated with powders, special compounds, multi-stage filtered, killing harmful organisms and destroying other substances. It is used for domestic needs of citizens, as well as in the food industry, in agriculture.

    - radioactive contamination of water

    The main sources that pollute the oceans include the following radioactive factors:

    • nuclear weapons testing;

      dumping of radioactive waste;

      major accidents (ships with nuclear reactors, Chernobyl);

      burial at the bottom of the oceans, seas of radioactive waste.

    Environmental problems and water pollution are directly related to contamination radioactive waste. For example, French and British nuclear plants have infected almost the entire North Atlantic. Our country has become the culprit of pollution of the Northern Arctic Ocean. Three nuclear underground reactors, as well as the production of Krasnoyarsk-26 clogged the largest river Yenisei. It is obvious that radioactive products got into the ocean.

    Pollution of world waters with radionuclides

    The problem of pollution of the waters of the oceans is acute. Let us briefly list the most dangerous radionuclides that fall into it: cesium-137; cerium-144; strontium-90; niobium-95; yttrium-91. All of them have a high bioaccumulative capacity, move along food chains and concentrate in marine organisms. This creates a danger for both humans and aquatic organisms.

    The waters of the Arctic seas are heavily polluted various sources intake of radionuclides. People carelessly dump hazardous waste into the ocean, thereby turning it into a dead one. Man must have forgotten that the ocean is the main wealth of the earth. It has powerful biological and mineral resources. And if we want to survive, we must urgently take measures to save him.

    Solutions

    Rational consumption of water, protection from pollution are the main tasks of mankind. Ways to solve environmental problems of water pollution lead to the fact that, first of all, much attention should be paid to discharges hazardous substances into the rivers. AT industrial scale need to improve cleaning technology Wastewater. In Russia, it is necessary to introduce a law that would increase the collection of fees for discharges. The proceeds should be directed to the development and construction of new environmental technologies. For the smallest emissions, the fee should be reduced, this will serve as a motivation for maintaining a healthy environmental situation.

    An important role in solving environmental problems is played by the upbringing of the younger generation. With early years It is necessary to teach children to respect, love for nature. To inspire them that the Earth is our big house, for the order in which each person is responsible. Water must be protected, not poured thoughtlessly, try to prevent foreign objects and harmful substances from getting into the sewer.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, I would like to say thatecological problems Russia and water pollution concern, perhaps, everyone. The thoughtless waste of water resources, the littering of rivers with various garbage has led to the fact that there are very few clean, safe corners left in nature.Ecologists have become much more vigilant, multiple measures are being taken to restore order in the environment. If each of us thinks about the consequences of our barbaric, consumer attitude, the situation can be corrected. Only together will humanity be able to save water bodies, the World Ocean and, possibly, the lives of future generations.

Durakhanov Suna Dzhalalovna

The goals of our mini-research are:

Analysis of the state of water objects in the vicinity of our village;

Identification of the causes of irrational use of water;

Possible ways to remedy the situation.

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WORLD WATER DAY

RESEARCH

WASTEWATER POLLUTION:

WAYS TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM

Completed by: Durakhanova Suna Dzhalalovna,

student 9 a class Mikrahskaya secondary school

Dokuzparinsky district of Dagestan

Head: Radjabov Ruslan Radjabovich,

biology teacher Mikrakh secondary school

year 2012

BRIEF SUMMARY

It is useless to talk about the value and significance of water for all life on Earth, everyone knows this. But, even understanding the importance of the role of water in life, people still continue to exploit water bodies, irrevocably changing their natural regime with discharges and waste. In addition, for many living beings, water also serves as a habitat. Water is of great importance in industrial and agricultural production. It is well known that it is necessary for the everyday needs of man, all plants and animals. Population growth, the intensification of agriculture, a significant expansion of irrigated land, improvement of cultural and living conditions, and a number of other factors are increasingly complicating the problems of water use. The demand for water is enormous and is increasing every year. Most of water after its use for household needs is returned to the rivers in the form of wastewater.

GOALS

The goals of our mini-study are:

  1. condition analysis water bodies in the vicinity of our village;
  2. identifying the causes of irrational use of water;
  3. possible ways to remedy the situation.

1. INCREASING WATER CONSUMPTION

According to our calculations, about 70% of all water consumption is used in agriculture. A significant amount of water is used for domestic needs of the population. Most of the water after its use for household needs is returned to the rivers in the form of wastewater.

Fresh water scarcity is already becoming a global problem. But in the mountainous and foothill regions, which include our region, this problem is imperceptible. Firstly, because our nature is quite generous with springs, streams, small rivers and other sources of fresh water. Secondly, their reserves do not run out, as they are fed by atmospheric precipitation, which falls in abundance here, and in summer, by glaciers. But to have does not mean that we should be reckless and non-domestic about it priceless gift nature.

Previously, for a whole family of several people, only a few jugs of water were enough for a whole day. Water, like the labor of the women who brought it, was appreciated. Now the situation has changed. AT last years Every household in the village is provided with tap water. Baths, swimming pools with motor vehicles were built, car washes were built in the yard. Every year the diameter increases. water pipes, but the culture of water consumption is declining. By the way, having provided themselves with water taps, not many thought about where this water would then drain. As a result, the already unsightly roads and streets turn into an extreme skating rink in winter, and in summer they are full of puddles and mud. In our region, the areas covered by moisture-loving crops (primarily cabbage) are constantly increasing. This leads to a significant increase in the consumption of water resources. Therefore, with the beginning of the irrigation season, uncontrolled flows of irrigation water through several channels will literally rush towards the agricultural lands. Withdrawing water from the upper reaches of the Chahichay River, it is lost on thousands of hectares of farmland. As a result, the number of landslides and potentially dangerous areas within the village has increased.

The dramatic situation lies also in the fact that no one is doing anything to solve this problem. For district and local administrations, the absence of complaints from the population and the provision of citizens with drinking and irrigation water, on the contrary, is a matter of pride rather than a problem.

2. POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES

With an increase in the area of ​​irrigated lands, the volume of drainage (waste) waters increases. They are formed as a result of periodic irrigation, when there is an excess flow of water. Large volumes of drainage water are discharged into the Chahichay and Samur rivers. Another problem is soil leaching (desalinization). In these cases, the mineralization of river waters increases. It should be borne in mind that biogenic substances, pesticides and other chemical compounds that have harmful effect on the natural waters. Many of the impurities in the water are natural and get there with rain or groundwater. Some of the pollutants associated with human activities follow the same path. Smoke, ash and industrial gases, together with rain, fall to the ground; chemical compounds and sewage introduced into the soil with fertilizers enter the rivers with groundwater.

In places where people and animals congregate, natural clean water is usually not enough, especially if it is used to collect sewage and transfer it away from settlements. If there is not much sewage in the soil, soil organisms recycle them, reusing nutrients, and already clean water seeps into neighboring watercourses. But if the sewage immediately enters the water, they rot, and oxygen is consumed for their oxidation. The so-called biochemical oxygen demand is created. The higher this requirement, the less oxygen remains in the water for living microorganisms, especially for fish and algae. Sometimes, due to lack of oxygen, all living things die. Water becomes biologically dead - only anaerobic bacteria remain in it; they thrive without oxygen and in the course of their life they emit hydrogen sulfide - a poisonous gas with a specific smell rotten eggs. The already lifeless water acquires a putrid smell and becomes completely unsuitable for humans and animals. This can also happen with an excess of substances such as nitrates and phosphates in the water; they enter the water from agricultural fertilizers in the fields or from sewage contaminated with detergents. These nutrients stimulate the growth of algae, which begin to consume a lot of oxygen, and when it becomes insufficient, they die. Organic waste, nutrients become an obstacle to the normal development of freshwater ecological systems. But in recent years, ecological systems have been bombarded with huge quantities of absolutely alien substances, from which they do not know protection. Agricultural pesticides, metals and chemicals from industrial wastewater have managed to enter the aquatic food chain with unpredictable consequences. Views at the beginning the food chain, can accumulate these substances in dangerous concentrations and become even more vulnerable to other harmful effects.

3. WAYS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM

Polluted water can be purified. The water cycle, this long way its movement consists of several stages: evaporation, cloud formation, rainfall, runoff into streams and rivers, and evaporation again. Throughout its path, water itself is able to be cleaned of contaminants that enter it - decay products of organic substances, dissolved gases and minerals, suspended solid material. But polluted basins (rivers, lakes, etc.) take much longer to recover. In its endless cycle, water either captures and carries a lot of dissolved or suspended substances, or is cleared of them. Industrial emissions not only clog, but also poison wastewater. And expensive devices for purifying such waters are not yet available.

To purify drainage water, it is necessary to organize their demineralization with simultaneous purification from harmful impurities.

Developing irrigation, it is necessary to lay in its basis a water-saving irrigation technology that contributes to a sharp increase in the efficiency of this type of melioration. But until now, the efficiency of the irrigation network remains low, water losses amount to approximately 30% of the total volume of its intake.

An essential reserve of normalized use of moisture is the correct

choice and rational application various ways irrigation of agricultural land. To save water in developed countries, sprinkler irrigation is used, which provides almost 50% water savings.

In order for natural systems to be able to recover, it is first necessary to stop the further flow of waste into rivers. To protect waters from pollution, it is necessary to know the nature and intensity of possible harmful influence pollution at certain concentrations, and especially the limit of permissible concentrations (MAC) of water pollution. The latter should not be exceeded so as not to violate normal conditions domestic water use and not harm the health of the population located downstream from the place of wastewater discharge.

Treatment facilities are different types depending on the main method of disposal of sewage. At mechanical method insoluble impurities are removed from wastewater through a settling system and different kind traps. In the past, this method has found the most wide application for industrial wastewater treatment. The essence of the chemical method lies in the fact that reagents are introduced into the wastewater treatment plants. They react with dissolved and undissolved contaminants and contribute to their precipitation in sumps, from where they are mechanically removed. But this method is unsuitable for treating wastewater containing a large number of heterogeneous pollutants.

When cleaning domestic wastewater best results gives a biological method. In this case, for the mineralization of organic contaminants, aerobic biological processes carried out with the help of microorganisms are used. biological method can be used both in conditions close to natural and in special biological treatment facilities.

4. LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1.Avakyan A.B., Shirokov V.M. " Rational use water resources". Yekaterinburg: "Victor", 1994.

2. Cherkinskiy S.N. Sanitary conditions for the discharge of wastewater into water bodies.

Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1977.

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