Who comes first is an election. The history of elections to the State Duma in modern Russia

23.09.2019

Next elections to the State Duma Russian Federation will pass September 18, 2016. Elections were previously scheduled for December of the same year, but in mid-2015 they decided to hold them for various reasons.

The proportional system, according to which the elections of the previous convocations were held, has sunk into oblivion. It is being replaced by the majority-proportional system. As a result, half of the people's deputies will enter the Duma on the lists of their parties, and the other half will fight for the right to receive the honorary title of "deputy" in their single-mandate constituencies.

The current elected representatives of the people, who want to continue their legislative activities in the hall of the State Duma, have already begun preparatory stage to the start of the election campaign. Consultative negotiations with the Kremlin are in full swing, and after the national celebration of the 70th anniversary of Great Victory many of the current deputies will begin to choose a single-mandate constituency for its “hilling up”. Experienced parliamentarians know that "the sooner you sow, the more you reap."

Young political forces have not yet been noticed in special pre-election activity. Perhaps they believe that it is too early, or perhaps they do not want to unnerve their more eminent competitors in advance.

As of mid-September 2014, 14 parties vying for participation in the 2016 election race exempted from the need to collect signatures. In addition to the current representatives of the State Duma, this list includes:

List of parties elected to the State Duma in 2016

"Just Cause";
"Civil Platform";
Russian Party of Pensioners "For Justice";
RPR-PARNAS;
"Civil Force";
"Apple";
"Patriots of Russia";
"Communists of Russia";
"Motherland";
"Green Party".

According to political analysts, from the current composition of the deputy corps from the party " United Russia» No more than fifty people have a chance to be elected in single-member districts. Therefore, the party leadership and curators in the Kremlin have already given instructions to their representatives in the regions, as well as activists "People's Front", after the local elections in September, intensify the search for worthy candidates for the seventh convocation of the State Duma of Russia.

Such a task was put into place for a reason, the thing is that most of the "United Russia" members of the current composition of the deputies do not have practical skills in working with voters in the regions.
It is planned that a specially created analytical department of "United Russia" will monitor the active applicants in the field and eventually select the best of them. After this procedure, the active phase of the "promotion" of the selected activists will begin. At the beginning of 2015, they will begin to “shine” at various significant events and events in the territories entrusted to them and speak on behalf of their native party. But, this does not mean that they will become "untouchable". Each of these activists may have a stand-in, and in the event of a “blunder” of the main contender or his low rating among local voters, an “updated version” of the candidate from the “party of power” will appear on the “stage”.

According to a member of the supreme council of the United Russia party, a political scientist Dmitry Orlov, about seventy percent of the applicants in the majoritarian districts will be new faces in politics, and in the "lists" new names will occupy half of the faction

After the adoption of the new Law on Elections in Society great importance will play personal qualities future politicians. Since half of the deputy corps will consist of single-mandate candidates, those who have charisma, have good oratory skills and know how to answer voters' questions will get into the contenders. In addition, the candidates will include "people of action" - successful industrialists and entrepreneurs who have proven their ability to achieve success beyond words.

And some interesting facts from the history of elections in Russia:

- Only three political forces took part in all six election campaigns to the State Duma - the Liberal Democratic Party, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and Yabloko;

- The parties that managed to get deputy mandates in all six convocations were only the Liberal Democratic Party and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation;

- Three representatives of the political forces of Russia managed to gain the largest number of votes during the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation: in 1993 - the Liberal Democratic Party; in 1995 and 1999 - the Communist Party; in 2003, 2007 and 2011 - United Russia.

Experts predict that after the presidential elections in 2018, the reform of the political system will begin

Photo: Vladimir Afanasiev / Parliamentary Newspaper

Leveling the competitiveness of parties will be one of the main directions of the reform political system in Russia. And one of her vectors will be the consolidation of parties. This was stated by the participants of the meeting of the Parliamentary Newspaper Expert Club, which took place on October 12.

"Multisubjectivity" instead of manual control

The moderator of the Parliamentary Newspaper Expert Club, a political scientist, said that the reform of the political system is overdue, since the existing mechanism for forming the Russian parliament has successfully completed its task of cutting off populist groups from the legislative branch. And, according to him, the drop in voter turnout, which was noted by political scientists on a single voting day on September 10, is “reasonable voter behavior.” The expert believes that the substantive difference of the future reform is that the regime of personal power with one, albeit an excellent leader, will be replaced by "multi-subjectivity".

“The mechanism for making collegial decisions will be stronger than manual control,” Markov said about one of the reform options.

Mikhail Emelyanov. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

Also, according to him, a scenario is quite real when political parties in Russia become a platform for the integration of government and big business. For example, he explained, if in some city there is businessman No. 1, then there is also businessman No. 2, who will always be in conflict with the first. Each of them needs its own political support, its own party - such a system works in dozens of countries around the world. In Russia, for the time being, business is placing more emphasis on supporting governors or mayors than deputies. The political scientist believes that the situation should change in favor of the parties.

The voter does not go to the polls, because he is sure that all parties in Russia are the same, and voting is necessary "for show", said the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on State Building and Legislation, a deputy from the faction " Fair Russia» . The parliamentarian is convinced that the reform of the political system in Russia is impossible without proposals from the parties themselves. According to him, some people in the systemic opposition have been talking about this for a long time, and there are more and more such people.

Ivan Abramov. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

“No one will break parties over the knee - such a reform will not restore the trust of voters. I think the authorities will mark the path to reform, so that the parties move on it themselves,” the legislator noted.

And now, according to Mikhail Yemelyanov, it is necessary to create a coordinating council for opposition parliamentary parties - this will make it easier to promote initiatives. Especially since, for example, the introduction of a progressive tax scale in Russia is supported by all three opposition Duma factions. Therefore, the union of A Just Russia, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the deputy believes, is “not such a fantastic idea.”

Towards bipartisanship

The reform of the political system will begin immediately after the presidential elections in Russia in March 2018, experts are convinced. And we will hear proposals on how to implement changes already during the pre-election statements of presidential candidates - the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on regional policy and the problems of the North and Far East, deputy from the LDPR faction.

“The demand for a strong opposition has already been formed in society. And the candidate who formulates it will have a great chance of winning,” he said.

Konstantin Babkin. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

And the parliamentarian sees the essence of the reform in the enlargement political parties. At the same time, the parliamentarian noted: if the current electoral legislation would work one hundred percent, then the question of the majority party would always be open.

Experts agree that the emergence of a “second major party” along with United Russia will make it possible to get away from a situation where the interests of a huge number of Russians are not expressed in any way during elections. A political strategist Andrey Kolyadin noted: the authorities will not give a signal for reform if there is no specific project to change the political system. As they say, there is no project - there are no solutions.

Andrey Kolyadin. Photo: Igor Samokhvalov / Parliamentary Newspaper

Meanwhile, not everyone is sure that the reform of the political system will begin in 2018. But in 2021, the State Duma will be formed according to a different principle - few people doubt this. In particular, this opinion was expressed to the Parliamentary newspaper by the head of the Party of Affairs Konstantin Babkin.

“Elections will become more competitive, there will be more competition. In any case, our party feels the desire to suppress our political activity, and we really hope for it,” he said.

The Center for Scientific Political Thought and Ideology (Sulakshin Center) carried out a mathematical reconstruction of the true, scientifically substantiated voting results.

Mathematics provides a way to prove not only the very fact of falsification, but also its scale, nature and organization of the management of the falsification process, and, in addition, allows you to reconstruct the true results of voting; results both in terms of turnout and in terms of the number of votes actually received by parties and candidates;

I.Analysis Methodology

The initial data for the analysis are data officially published on the website of the CEC of Russia for all more than 95,000 polling stations.

The methodology for revealing the truth of elections is based on the following principles.

If the distribution deviates from the gaussoid, then there was interference in the elections (Fig. 2).

Elections to the State Duma 2016 (party list)

Fig.2 The deviation from the gaussoid in favor of the candidates (parties) from the government - United Russia - is shaded in black. The ratio of the black area under the curve and the white area under the gaussoid gives the falsification coefficient

Citizens' preferences of different parties or candidates in "fair" elections do not depend on turnout. If you see a Gaussian “honest” cloud of votes, but on increasing turnout, an increase in votes in favor of a candidate and a party from power and a fall in votes for the opposition, then this is clearly a falsification, which is clearly seen in the example of the 2016 elections in Penza region(Fig. 3).

Fig. 3 An honest “cloud” of the opposition is higher than the “cloud” of the United Russia party. The rest is thrown in and attributed in favor of the United Russia party and at a loss to the opposition

If at many polling stations in the region the result of the party in power is the same with an accuracy of hundredths of a percent, then this means that the command was given to “get” just such a result. This is especially clearly seen in the Saratov region for the United Russia party at 100 polling stations - the result is 62.15%.

If the falsification coefficients for the regions of Russia coincide with statistical accuracy both for the falsification of the results according to the party list and for the majoritarian districts, then this proves centralized x falsification management character.

II. The scale of fraud in the elections of the State Duma 2016

The official results of the elections on September 18, 2016 to the State Duma, published by the CEC of Russia, are as follows.

Turnout according to the CEC of Russia was 47.88%.

Based on the methodology of mathematical reconstruction outlined above, we analyze the results of voting in the elections of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on September 18, 2016 and identify their real results.

As can be seen from the above data, the Gaussian "cloud" for both party list voting and majoritarian districts indicates that the "fair" turnout of real voting is 35%, but not the 47.88% recorded by the Russian Central Election Commission.

Thus, based on the scientific methodology of mathematical reconstruction of the analysis of the voting results in the elections of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on September 18, 2016 first conclusion is as follows: in the organic Gaussian cloud of votes, the average turnout was 35% for both types of voting. Increase in official turnout to 47.88%, recorded by the CEC of Russia is unreliable and is the result of falsifications, which is clearly seen on the right wing of the Gaussian distribution, which goes beyond the boundaries of the pure Gaussian curve.

Second . From Fig. 4 - the results of voting on party lists and Fig. 5 - the results of voting on majoritarian districts, it can be seen that in the organic Gaussian cloud, that is, in truly fair elections, the United Russia party received fewer votes than the opposition.

Third . On the right wing of the results of voting on party lists and majoritarian districts (see Figures 4 and 5), there are clear, unambiguous signs of falsification - “picks” at turnouts that are multiples of 5% and 10%. A particularly outstanding "pick" - at 95% turnout is recorded for the "United Russia" party.

Fourth . The left wing of the organic gaussoid can be clearly traced at small turnouts, and this makes it possible to reproduce the right wing symmetrically as well. From here it becomes possible to calculate the true number of "honest" votes cast in the elections, and the number of votes assigned, falsified.

Let's evaluate the election results for the United Russia party by simply comparing the areas under the gaussoid curves and the falsified long right wing. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Assessment of the true outcome for the United Russia party

The coincidence of falsification coefficients for party lists and majoritarian elections for the United Russia party is not accidental. This indicates that the campaign of falsification was under a single management and with a single goal. The same tasks were set - “bars” of the result.

Instead of 343 seats in the State Duma, according to the official total, the real total for the United Russia party is 134 seats.

The falsified 209 mandates handed over to the United Russia party are in fact in a state of “seizure of power and appropriation of power”, which is prohibited by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of Russia.

On fig. Figure 6 clearly shows how much the United Russia party conceded to the opposition in both types of voting in a more or less adequate turnout area.

Rice. 6. In reality, United Russia lost to the opposition

As can be seen from the fig. 6 data, in the field of unfalsified results, the United Russia party lost to the opposition by about a third of the seats. A complete falsified bacchanalia for the United Russia party to the detriment of the opposition parties is observed in the right wing of the graph.

The next regularity that helps to uncover falsification is the law of independence from the turnout of preference for a particular candidate by the electorate (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. It is theoretically clear that voter preferences should not depend on turnout

If the distribution has a deviation from the horizontal in the angle of plus (from left to right upwards), then this indicates falsification in the form of an addition of votes. If there is a deviation from the horizontal in minus (from left to right down) - then this is falsification, on the contrary, in the form of theft of votes.

This methodological approach makes it possible to reveal the amount of falsification in voting for parties and their candidates in all subjects of the Federation.

A quantitative measure of the degree of falsification is determined by the slope of the distribution curve - the coefficient of falsification. If it is positive, then this is a falsification in favor of the corresponding party or candidate, votes are attributed to him. If negative, then, on the contrary, falsification at a loss, votes in this case are stolen.

On fig. 8 (Voronezh region) shows a typical and almost standard form of curves, which is reproduced in almost all subjects of the Federation. Each point on these diagrams is the number of votes for a particular party or candidate in a particular PEC. In all subjects of the Federation, with rare exceptions, the winner (the United Russia party) has a deviation of "+", the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - both the main opposition leader and the rest of the opposition parties - a deviation of "-". There are dense organic clouds with a small spread (Fig. 8), i.e., a small level of dispersion. And the second, elongated cloud, which has a very high level of dispersion. It will soon be seen that one of the "clouds" corresponds to the true results, and the second - falsified.

Fig.8. A typical picture of falsifications in favor of the United Russia party and the removal of votes from other parties. Deviation angles from the horizontal - falsification factor

This example is for Voronezh region shows a typical picture. The right "tails" of distributions for "United Russia", being falsified, are always directed to the right-up. For the opposition, the direction is always the reverse "right-down".

The Report contains data on falsification in favor of the United Russia party and the withdrawal of votes from other parties in all regions of the Russian Federation.

Figure 9 shows the distribution of the falsification coefficient by constituent entities of the Federation (comparative data) for voting on the party list and in majoritarian districts.

Fig.9. Fraud coefficient for the United Russia party for all subjects of the federation for majoritarian elections and according to the party list

It can be seen from the nature of the curves that the falsifications were synchronized both according to the party list of United Russia and according to its candidates in the majoritarian districts. The correlation coefficient of the curves is very high - amounted to 0.86!

We emphasize that the average rate of falsifications in favor of candidates and parties from power in 2016 became 1.9 times higher than in 2011.

III. Mechanism of electoral fraud

The results of voting during the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation in 2016 were falsified in several ways: the stuffing of false ballots; drawing up false protocols; fraud with an absentee mechanism; fraud with fake voters (the so-called carousels); fraud committed by a group of persons by prior agreement or organized group associated with bribery, coercion, the use of violence or the threat of its use; threats to teachers and other poor fellows in the precinct election commissions with dismissal in case of a low result in the elections of the favorites of the authorities.

Numerous video evidence, personal eyewitness accounts, photo and video stuffing of ballots in many polling stations by members and even chairmen of election commissions testify to the facts of falsification.

In fair elections, citizens' preferences do not depend on turnout: that is, the ratio of the number of votes for one party to the number of votes for another, votes for one candidate to votes for another does not depend on turnout. In the direct exit pool conducted by VTsIOM, which you cannot suspect of opposition to the authorities and the CEC of Russia, at the exit from polling stations, there is no dependence on turnout!

The previous figures show that before the turnout of 47%, the United Russia party is seriously losing to the opposition. But, starting with a turnout of 47%, the opposite is true. And the greater the turnout, the more the United Russia party begins to "win" over the opposition. Moreover, the curves practically coincide for voting on the party list and on majoritarian districts. It is important that in the range of turnouts of 25-40%, which corresponds to the organic cloud of "fair" voting, the ratio does not really depend on the turnout. This means that the data here can be relatively trusted. In this range, the United Russia party lost to the opposition by 1.42 times. The average turnout in this range is 32.5%.

For this turnout, the number of voters who voted in the elections is 35,690 thousand people. The true ratio of votes for the United Russia party and the total opposition (1.42 times) revealed above makes it possible to obtain the true absolute number of votes for the United Russia party and the corresponding result (percentage). It turns out that the United Russia party actually received 14,750,000 votes. Officially, the CEC of Russia declared 28,525,000 votes for the United Russia party. And this corresponds to 54.28%. And the true result is 27.9%.

Results of the reconstruction of the true election results

As a result, we come to the conclusion that the United Russia party was supported by a little more than 13% of all registered voters and less than 10% of the country's population. The falsifiers illegally increased its result by more than 1.5 times! More than 200 people entered the State Duma of the Russian Federation "to work" on the basis of misappropriated powers! In other words, there was an illegal seizure of power!

Meanwhile, in the Constitution of the Russian Federation Art.3.ch.4. It is fixed that “no one has the right to appropriate power in the Russian Federation. The seizure of power or the appropriation of power is punishable by federal law» - the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

In particular, article 278 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - Forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power - states that "actions aimed at the forcible seizure of power or the forcible retention of power in violation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation ... are punishable by imprisonment for a term of twelve to twenty years.. .".

Federal Election Fraud state power The State Duma of the Russian Federation is also a part of a criminal offense. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Article 142. Falsification of election documents, referendum documents.

"one. Falsification of election documents, ... if this act is committed by a member of the election commission ... is punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand rubles or in the amount of wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to two years, or by forced labor for a term of up to four years, or by deprivation of liberty for the same term….

2. Forgery of signatures of voters, ... or certification of deliberately forged signatures (signature sheets), committed by a group of persons by prior agreement or by an organized group, or combined with bribery, coercion, the use of violence or the threat of its use, ... shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand ... either by forced labor for up to three years, or by imprisonment for the same term ...

3. Illegal production of ... ballots ..., absentee certificates is punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles ... or imprisonment for a term of 2 to 5 years.”

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Article 142.1. Falsification of voting results. “The inclusion of unaccounted ballots in the number of ballots used in voting, or the presentation of deliberately incorrect information about voters, or the knowingly incorrect compilation of voter lists, ... or the falsification of voters' signatures, ... or the replacement of valid ballots with voters' marks, leading to the inability to determine the will of voters, ... or deliberately incorrect counting of votes of voters, ... or signing by members election commission... protocol of vote returns prior to counting votes or establishing vote returns, or deliberately incorrect (not corresponding to the actual vote results) drawing up a protocol of vote returns, or illegally making changes to the protocol of vote returns after it has been completed, or knowingly incorrect establishment of vote returns, determination results of elections ... - shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles ... or by compulsory labor for a term of up to four years, or by imprisonment for the same term.".

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Article 141

« 1. Preventing a citizen from freely exercising his electoral rights, violating the secrecy of voting, ... obstructing the work of election commissions, ... the activities of a member of an election commission, ... is punishable by a fine in the amount of up to eighty thousand rubles ... or ... by corrective labor for up to one year.

2. The same acts:

a) combined with bribery, deceit, coercion, use of violence or with the threat of its use;

b) committed by a person using his official position;

c) committed by a group of persons by prior agreement or by an organized group, - shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 100,000 to 300,000 ... or imprisonment for up to 5 years.

3. Interfering with the use of official or official position in the exercise by an election commission ... of its powers, ... in order to influence its decisions, namely the requirement or instruction of an official on the issues of registration of candidates, lists of candidates, counting of votes of voters ... is punishable by a fine of two hundred thousand to five hundred thousand ... or imprisonment for up to four years.

I.Y. conclusions

1. The official turnout of 48%, recorded by the CEC of Russia, is unreliable and does not exceed 35% for both party list and majoritarian districts, or the turnout recorded by the CEC of Russia was falsified and overestimated by 1.45 times.

2. During the voting, the United Russia party actually received not 54% on the party list, as recorded by the CEC of Russia, but 27.9% of those who voted, or 13.2% of the number of registered voters and less than 10% of the country's population . The falsifiers illegally increased its result by more than 1.5 times.

3. Instead of 343 seats in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, according to the official total, the real result for the United Russia party is 134 seats.

General conclusion : a scientifically based analysis of the election process on September 18, 2016 indicates that the elections to the State Duma were held with gross violations, massive falsifications and must be canceled, and State Duma 2016 isillegal.

The saddest thing about this problem is that only individuals are actively fighting against gross violations, falsification, scandalous elections, such as, for example, T. Yurasova in Mytishchi, S. Posokhov in Krasnogorsk, R. Zinatullin in Tatarstan and a number of others, but not the opposition parties LDPR, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Just Russia, which were "robbed" during the election process and the only one from the media - Novaya Gazeta.

Meanwhile, it is the factions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party, Just Russia in the State Duma of the Russian Federation that could bring to the meeting of the State Duma of the Russian Federation the issue of gross violations and massive fraud in the elections on September 18, 2016 in order to make a political decision - self-dissolution illegal State Duma of the Russian Federation and an appeal to the President of the Russian Federation as the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the appointment of new elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Massive violations and falsification during the elections of the State Duma in 2016 concern a significant number of citizens and have acquired a special socio-political significance. In this regard, within the framework of its powers, the CEC of Russia has the right to apply to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the protection of the electoral rights of the majority of citizens, as well as to the Prosecutor General's Office and investigative committee Russia to take prosecutorial response measures and initiate a criminal case on the fact of committing crimes under Articles 141, 142, 142.1, 278 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identifying those responsible for violating the current legislation.

Sincerely yours (Yu.Voronin)

doctor of economic sciences, professor,

Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tatar ASSR -

Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the TASSR (1988-1990);

First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme

Council of the Russian Federation (1991-1993); Deputy of the State Duma

(second convocation); Auditor of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Moscow. September 19th. site - On Monday, the majority of votes were counted in the elections to the State Duma, local parliaments and heads of Russian regions, which were held throughout the country on the Single Voting Day - September 18. Voting leaders in legislatures once again there were representatives of "United Russia", and in the elections of governors - the current heads of regions or temporarily acting as them.

Among other trends - the weakening of the position of "Fair Russia" and the Communist Party due to the growing popularity of the Liberal Democratic Party among voters, low turnout in elections in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as a decrease in the number of violations during the voting.

The final results of the elections to the State Duma of the seventh convocation will be summed up on Friday, September 23, but, according to the CEC, no significant changes in relation to the already calculated results should be expected.

Changes

The main feature of this year's elections was the return of a mixed voting system - out of 450 deputies of the State Duma of the seventh convocation, 225 people are elected according to party lists and the same number - in single-mandate districts. At 95,836 polling stations across the country, it was possible to vote for 14 political parties (listed in order of placement on the ballot): "Motherland", "Communists of Russia", "Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice", "United Russia", "Greens", " Civil Platform, LDPR, PARNAS, Party of Growth, Civil Force, Yabloko, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Patriots of Russia and Just Russia.

It is noteworthy that this year they also abandoned the practice of "locomotives", when a popular and authoritative person (a high-ranking politician, athlete, actor, and so on) is put at the head of the list in elections under the proportional system, due to which the rating of his party and the number her voice is growing. Subsequently, the leader of the list renounces his mandate in favor of a less eminent member of the same party.

Elections to the State Duma

According to the Central Election Commission (CEC of the Russian Federation), according to the results of counting 93.1% of the protocols, United Russia receives 140 seats in the State Duma on party lists and 203 seats in single-mandate districts. Thus, according to preliminary data, United Russia will have 343 seats in the State Duma out of 450 (that is, 76.2%).

The ruling party received the most votes in regions with the highest voter turnout: for example, 88% in Dagestan, 81.67% in Karachay-Cherkessia, 77.71% in Kabardino-Balkaria, 77.57% in Kemerovo region. In some regions, United Russia, although it became the leader of the voting, did not achieve such high results. Yes, in Chelyabinsk region voted for her, and in Moscow -.

Thus, United Russia can already count on a constitutional majority in the State Duma (more than two-thirds of the seats), which will allow the party to adopt amendments to the Constitution (with the exception of a few chapters), as well as override the presidential veto.

The second party in terms of the number of mandates, according to preliminary data, is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. According to party lists, she receives 13.45% of the vote - that is, 35 mandates, in single-mandate constituencies - seven mandates. Next, with a small margin, follows the Liberal Democratic Party - for it in a single federal district 13.24% voted, which corresponds to 34 mandates, this party receives five mandates on single-mandate lists. "Fair Russia" won 6.17% of the votes on party lists, and received seven seats in parliament on single-member lists.

The majority of the lower house of the Russian parliament will remain largely four-party, and even lowering the threshold for entry into the State Duma from 7% to 5% did not help non-parliamentary parties to get through the all-party lists. Only "Rodina" and "Civic Platform" will be able to get one seat in the lower house, as two of their candidates were able to win in their single-mandate constituencies. In addition, the State Duma will include one independent candidate - Vladislav Reznik.

Elections of heads of regions

As part of the Single Voting Day, elections were also held for the heads of nine regions - in Komi, Tuva, Chechnya, the Trans-Baikal Territory, as well as in the Tver, Tula and Ulyanovsk regions. At the same time, in North Ossetia-Alania and Karachay-Cherkessia, the heads of regions are elected by regional parliaments.

To win in the first round, a candidate had to get more than 50% of the votes. Sergei Gaplikov succeeded, for whom 62.17% of voters voted. A clear leader was also determined in Chechnya - after counting 93.13% of the ballots, it turned out that almost 98% of those who came to the polls voted for the acting head of the region, and his closest rival, Chechen business rights commissioner Idris Usmanov, received only 0.83% votes.

Self-nominated Alexey Dyumin, Acting Head Tula region, according to the results of processing 100% of the protocols, he scored 84.17%, and the current head of the Republic of Tuva Sholban Kara-ool - 86%. The situation was similar in the Trans-Baikal Territory - United Russia candidate, acting governor Natalya Zhdanova received 54.22% of the vote, and in the Ulyanovsk region - acting governor Sergey Morozov, nominated by United Russia, based on the results of processing 82% of the protocols of election commissions , gained 53.91% of the vote. Acting Governor of the Tver Region Igor Rudenya was also the leader in his region.

Elections to regional authorities

Elections to regional parliaments were held in 39 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in particular, in Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Karelia, Mordovia, Chechnya, Chuvashia, Altai, Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorsky and Stavropol Territory; in the Amur, Astrakhan, Vologda, Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Pskov, Samara, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tver, Tomsk and Tyumen regions; Petersburg, in the Jewish Autonomous Region, in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region- Ugra and in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

As part of the Single Voting Day, they also elected the head of the city of Kemerovo, deputies municipal assemblies in the capitals of 11 regions - in Ufa, Nalchik, Petrozavodsk, Saransk, Grozny, Perm, Stavropol, Kaliningrad, Kemerovo, Saratov and Khanty-Mansiysk.

The head of the CEC, Ella Pamfilova, said that they received a total of 16 seats in regional parliaments across the country. Thus, "Patriots of Russia" received four mandates, "Yabloko" - five, "Party of Growth" and "Pensioners for Justice" - three each, and "Rodina" - one.

Turnout by country

For Russians who find themselves outside their homeland during elections, polling stations abroad are traditionally organized. Nevertheless, the President of Ukraine instructed to inform Russia about the impossibility of holding elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation on Ukrainian territory. In Kyiv, they said they could change their position if Moscow refuses to hold elections in Crimea, which Ukraine considers occupied territory. Nevertheless, the Russians were able to vote at the embassy in Kyiv and at the consulate general in Odessa, but the process of expressing their will was accompanied by riots. In Lviv and Kharkov, there were no violations of law and order. The Ukrainian Foreign Ministry urged not to recognize the results of the elections to the State Duma in terms of voting on the territory of Crimea.

At about 10 am, the head of the CEC, Pamfilova, called the turnout for the current elections - 47.81%. Press Secretary of the President of Russia Dmitry Peskov said that it cannot be called low, and added that it turned out to be "higher than in the vast majority European countries and "does not affect the election results themselves, their credibility."

The highest voter turnout was shown by KChR and KBR - more than 90%, Dagestan - more than 87%, as well as Kemerovo and Tyumen regions - 74.3% and Chechnya.

St. Petersburg also turned out to have the lowest voter turnout, which Peskov called a traditional phenomenon. Thus, in the capital, 35.18% of the electorate came to the polls, which is significantly less than during the parliamentary elections of 2003, 2007 and 2011. The Moscow City Electoral Committee suggested that the turnout was affected cold weather and rains, as well as the poor work of parties with voters.

According to the CEC of the Russian Federation, in Moscow, United Russia is gaining 37.3% of the vote, the Communist Party - 13.93%, the Liberal Democratic Party - 13.11%, Yabloko - 9.51%, Fair Russia - 6.55% .

The turnout was even lower than in Moscow - 32.47%.

Violations

According to Pamfilova, every third message is related to misconduct, every fifth is a complaint about the falsification of the voting results or the upcoming mass falsifications. "Several appeals were received from observers - about their dismissal by the employer in connection with participation in the election campaign. This should be taken under special control - the prosecutor's office will definitely not be left without work," she said.

One of these violations is the stuffing of ballot papers by the secretary of the precinct election commission (PEC) in Rostov region- has already led to excitement. Even on the day of voting, a video from a surveillance camera appeared on the Internet, which shows how two women and a man block the view of the box, and another woman puts a bundle of ballots into it.

Also, a serious incident was recorded in Dagestan - a group of young people during the voting smashed a polling station under the pretext that there was a mass stuffing of ballots in favor of one of the candidates.

In addition, elections at one of the polling stations Nizhny Novgorod region declared invalid, at three more polling stations in the Rostov region the results were in doubt. A phone with a camera on, left by one of the observers, helped record the dropping of ballots, and now the results of voting at this polling station have been canceled.

On March 18, the next, the seventh in the history of our country, national elections of the head of state took place in Russia. next big election federal significance(unless, of course, during this time something extraordinary happens to the newly elected president and his early re-elections are not needed), elections to the lower house of the Russian parliament - the State Duma - will have to become. Many are already wondering when these elections will take place, so we give brief reference about them. Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation - in what year will the next elections to the Russian parliament take place, is it possible now to talk about the prospects for its composition.

How do elections to the State Duma take place and when were the last elections held

The State Duma in modern Russia (leave alone the experience hundred years ago) appeared 25 years ago, in 1993, with the adoption of the current Constitution. The first elections were held on December 12, 1993. Initially, the term of office of the Duma was four years, but the Constitution contained a special amendment regarding the first composition of the Duma - its term of office was two years and expired at the end of 1995.

The two-year term of office of the first composition of the modern Duma did not appear by chance. There were several reasons for this, one of them - the authors of the Constitution considered it desirable that the Duma be elected shortly before the next presidential elections. Thus, firstly, it was possible to objectively understand the mood of the people six months before the election of the head of state, and this is a plus for all participants in the presidential election. Secondly, the elected president understood what kind of parliament he would have to work with throughout his entire term.

Thus, in December 1995, the second composition of the Duma was elected, and in the summer of 1996, presidential elections were held.

The term of office of both the State Duma and the President of Russia, according to the original text of the Constitution, was four years. Elections have always been held almost simultaneously.

In 2008, the first serious amendments in its history were made to the Constitution, and the terms of office of the State Duma and the President of Russia were extended. Moreover, for the State Duma, the period was increased by a year - and for the head of state by two years - up to six years.

Explaining this step Russian authorities talked about the desire to get away from the provision that was originally provided by the Constitution. If in the early 1990s it was convenient for parliamentary elections and presidential elections to be held simultaneously, 15 years later it was decided that this would lead to excessive politicization of society and it would be better if these elections were as far apart as possible in time relative to each other. .

Latest on this moment Elections to the State Duma in Russia were held in September 2016. AT this moment the seventh convocation of the modern State Duma is working, and this is the second convocation, the term of office of which is five years.

When will the next elections to the State Duma in Russia take place?

Thus, the next elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation will have to take place in September 2021 when the term of office of the current Duma expires.

Of course, the elections in 2021 will be held if the seventh composition of the Duma is finalized. Purely theoretically, according to the Constitution, the Duma can terminate its powers ahead of schedule if it is dissolved by the president. The Constitution gives the head of state such a right in the following cases:

if the State Duma rejects the candidacy of the Chairman of the Government (Prime Minister) three times, which the President submits for approval;
if the State Duma twice within three months will express no confidence in the Government of Russia.

It is clear that such situations in the conditions of modern Russia are pure fantasy. Even in the 1990s, when the State Duma was really independent and oppositional, it never came to its dissolution by the president, all conflicts were somehow resolved without extreme measures. Now, when the Duma is absolutely obedient to the Presidential Administration, there is no reason to doubt that its next composition will be finalized before the end of its term of office. We can say with full confidence that the next elections to the State Duma will be held in 2021, in September.

What could be the next composition of the State Duma

Talking about the personal composition of the future Duma, which will be elected in the fall of 2021, is rather pointless at the moment. Three and a half years remain before these elections, and during this time the political situation in Russia can change very noticeably.

Even if we imagine the most conservative picture and assume that the same parties that are present in it today will enter the Duma, we should not forget at what age the leaders of some parties will be in 2021.

So, the head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Gennady Zyuganov, will be 77 years old in 2021 (and by the end of the term of this Duma - 82). The leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, will be 75 years old in 2021, and 80 years old by the end of the term of the eighth convocation of the Duma. Even relatively young against their background, Sergei Mironov, who heads the Just Russia faction, will be 68 years old in 2021, and 73 years old by 2026.

Obviously, at least at the level of the leaders of the parties traditionally elected to parliament, we will have to face serious changes.

It is also not a fact that the Presidential Administration will be able to form the most loyal and obedient Duma in 2021. A lot can change in 3.5 years, and what political forces will have sufficient weight in society to get into parliament in 2021, now one can only guess.