Monaco. Supreme legislative body. Museum of Old Cars of Prince Rainier III

The State of Monaco (Principality of Monaco) is an independent sovereign city-state, which is located on the coast of the Ligurian Sea (part of mediterranean sea) at the foot of the Alps, covering an area equal to 2 to 3 square kilometers, bordering France on three sides and the Mediterranean Sea, 20 km from the Italian border.
Monaco belongs to the small "dwarf states", these also include: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Malta, San Marino and the Vatican.
Capital— Monaco
Administrative division - Principalities.
Compound - four administrative districts-cities: Monaco, Monte Carlo, La Condamine (port part) and Fontvieille (business part).
The border of the principality passes with the French cities of the department of La Turbie: Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Cap d "Ail, Beausoleil, etc.
The state has two seaports: in the district of Fontvieille, the port of Hercules (Hercules) - small ships stop here and the port of Bay d'Hercule (Hercules) where cruise ships stop, it is located in the center of the Condamine district.
In ancient times, the rock of Monaco was a haven for primitive tribes. The history of Monaco dates back to the 13th century, in June, namely from June 10, 1215.
On this day, the first stone of the castle was laid by the Gibelins family, which is currently the Prince's Palace. To attract new residents here, favorable conditions were created: territorial concessions, the abolition of duties, people were exempted from taxes, so far the inhabitants of Monaco do not pay taxes.
The centuries-old history of Monaco is closely connected with the Grimaldi dynasty, the 700th anniversary of which was celebrated in 1997 - the anniversary of the reign of the Principality of Monaco.
The official language is French, a spoken Monegasque dialect, however, Italian and English are widely used. The traditional language "Le Monegù", spoken by the older generation, is taught in all local schools.
Currency Euro, but only with the sign of Monaco.
Native people- Monegasques.
"Deo Juvante" "With God's help" is the motto of Monaco and its princes. Catholicism was elevated to the rank of state religion. However, freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Constitution and several religions are represented in the Principality. Obtaining citizenship here is not so easy: you either need to be born here in a Monegasque family or marry (marry) a citizen (citizen) of this small state.
November 19 is considered a national holiday. The telephone code of Monaco is "377", telecommunications are very convenient and affordable. Monaco prints its own stamps.
Based on the last official census, the Principality of Monaco has 35,646 inhabitants, of which 7,634 live in Monaco, with a composition of 10,029 French and 6,596 Italians. In total, more than 125 nationalities are represented. Monaco and neighboring French cities make up approximately 95,515 people.
Thanks to his geographic location The Principality of Monaco has very mild winters and surprisingly sunny summers that are generally not very scorching. In fact, the results of the last 60 years of research show that average temperature is 16°C, it rains on average 87 days a year and the sun shines 7 hours a day. Temperature sea ​​water ranges from 11°C in winter to 26°C in summer. Thanks to its Mediterranean climate, Monaco is a pleasant place to live all year round. In addition, it is worth noting that ski resorts The Alps are only an hour away from the coast.
Entry into the Principality of Russians is carried out on a visa basis.
The main source of income for the Principality of Monaco is the receipt of tax from the casino located in Monte Carlo. Residents of the state are exempt from paying taxes, but they themselves are prohibited from visiting the casino, including the princely family.
Rent or buy a home living in Monaco is quite an expensive pleasure, which has its own characteristics. Prices start from 1 million euros for a studio apartment. Rent costs from several thousand euros and payment is taken not monthly, but at least for six months, you will still have to pay an agency fee and a deposit. The average salary is 2.5 thousand euros, in France the average salary is about 1800 euros.
Prices in the chain of shops of the same name in Monaco is lower than in France and this is due to the absence of taxes, which is a pleasant surprise for travelers. The price of food in restaurants is overpriced "over-price", therefore, in order to eat delicious food, it's easier to roll up to Italy and enjoy both taste and price.

How to get to Monaco

Fly by plane to Nice (the state does not have its own airport), then transfer to a suburban train and get there by rail in 25 minutes, by bus it will take 45 minutes, of course, if there are no traffic jams.
Travel time from Paris 5 hours by TGV, from Milan 4 hours 30 minutes, www.monaco-gare.com
A branch of the Marseille-Saint-Charles railway line to Ventimiglia (Italy). Train Station(Gare de Monaco-Monte-Carlo) of the principality is located in the rock, the northern outskirts of the principality.
By sea through the port of Monaco.
You can travel around the country - the principality can be by bus, for example, route number 2, it passes through the entire state. You can walk around Monaco in 45 minutes. The Principality is stretched for two kilometers on the coast of the Ligurian Sea.

Underground station in Monaco. Monte Carlo, Cote d'Azur. The Formula 1 circuit runs along this street. Oceanographic Museum. Monument to the yellow submarine Jacques-Yves Cousteau. On the way, it’s good to make a stop where, as a keepsake, leave yourself an obligatory photo against the background is implausible beautiful view on Monaco and the bay with a bird's eye view of the harbor on the Côte d'Azur, with magnificent white yachts.
What to visit in Monaco?
Monaco-Ville is the ancient capital of the Principality of Monaco, which was built on the very top of a cliff, at an altitude of 60 meters above sea level, it is called the "Old Town" or La Roche, from the French word "Rock".
Once in Monaco, try to visit the Prince's Palace, the Wax Museum, the Oceanographic Museum, where fish from all the seas of the world are collected in 7 aquariums, in front of the building there is a yellow bathyscaphe Jacques-Yves Cousteau - he was the director of the museum from 1958 to 1988. The Cathedral of Monaco. On the northeastern edge of the rock of Monaco is Fort Antoine. Picturesque gardens of Saint Martin. Chapel of the Chapelle de la Misericord. Museum of Napoleon.

Photographs of the streets of Monaco. Rock. Principality of Monaco. Oceanographic Museum, a monument in front of the museum represents the fragility of the earth. Museum (French Musée océanographique de Monaco) - united the museum itself and the oceanographic institute, the year of the foundation of the museum is considered to be 1889, the oceanographic institute opened in 1906. For a long time, the director of the museum was Jacques Yves Cousteau. The Oceanographic Museum sometimes holds promotions for visitors: the opportunity to visit its walls in the late evening: from 19:00 to midnight for half the price.
Monument to Albert I, the founder of the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. Church of Saint Devota. In the photo, the police in Monaco.
For Monaco and Monte Carlo, such "synonyms" of casinos, luxury, villas, wealth, presentability, sea, sun, pleasure have long been entrenched!

Football stars are on the Champions Walk of Fame, in Monaco we meet prints of various celebrities.

Transport

There is no airport in the Principality of Monaco. The nearest airport is located in Nice - France. The airport in Nice is the third largest airport in France. The airport has two terminals, between which free buses run.
Transport in Monaco is represented by public bus routes running from 6 am to 9 pm, they converge at Place d'Armes, city routes (there are six of them) are laid to tourist attractions. The main six transport routes.
The mode of transport is free escalators that take you to higher streets, there are 7 of them in Monaco.
There is a regular helicopter service between Monaco and Nice Airport, the flight time Nice / Monaco is approximately 6 - 7 minutes, the cost is 75 euros per person.
Taxi
Tourist transport is represented by a train with red carriages.
Car rent.
Water transport: water bus (Bateau Bus) and taxi, the cost of the trip is 2 euros.
The Fontvieille district is an industrial part of Monaco, here, in addition to factories, commercial firms, various institutions and tourist infrastructure are located.

The cost of the trip is 2 euros, including a transfer within 30 minutes. Ticket price for 1 day 5 euros. Children under the age of 7 travel free.

Communication in Monaco

Airport information — 0836-695-555.
Taxi call phone, round-the-clock - 93-150-101.
Inquiries about lost things - 93-153-015.
Police - 17 or 93-153-015.
For the convenience of residents, round-the-clock telephones for calling a taxi are installed on the streets.
Security and law and order
There is practically no crime in the Principality, it is the lowest in Europe. The police meet, but the video cameras installed in large numbers and the police serving in civilian uniforms are doing their positive work.
Tourist program usually includes:
During the walking part of the tour, the program includes free visits to the main attractions of the Principality: the Oceanographic Museum, the palace of Prince Albert I of Monaco with its magnificent gardens, the Cathedral of St. Nicholas. Then the tour continues to Monte Carlo, where you will get to know the two main attractions:
a chic "millionaire's casino" where fortunes are easily acquired and lost, and part of the unique Formula 1 Monaco Grand Prix circuit, which runs right through the streets of the city.

Photo on the way to Monaco. A fee is charged at the entrance, the cost of finding a tourist bus is 145 euros for 12 hours, then we pass the post and move along the streets to a special bus stop located next to the oceanographic museum, from there the journey around the principality begins. After arrival, tourists go up to the Museum of Oceanography, but their path passes through souvenir shops and here the guide gives time to clean up before a tour of Monaco.

Video visit to Monaco

Video tour of Monaco.

View of Monaco from above, panorama, click to enlarge the image.

Monaco, with a population of less than 38,000, is nonetheless one of the most densely populated countries in the world. It should be said that the inhabitants of this principality do not live in poverty. The density of moneybags per square meter in Monaco is simply amazing. And what do we know about this principality? Yes, there is a world famous casino there. Also in Monaco, the Grand Prix in the Formula 1 rally is played. It was also filmed in Hollywood Feature Film about Princess Grace Kelly, who was brilliantly played by actress Nicole Kidman. What else do we know about this dwarf state? We invite you to make a small virtual journey into the principality of refined luxury and bold adventures.

Where is Monaco

The name Côte d'Azur tells you something - This coast of the Gulf of Marseilles in France is the place of the most luxurious vacation. Cannes, Antibes, Nice - the very name of these resorts sounds like a song. The slopes descending like an amphitheater to the Mediterranean Sea are covered with villas worth several million dollars "Movie stars and owners of interstate trading corporations settle here. And among all this splendor, the small Principality of Monaco perched. Its population is small, and even more so. The state occupies only two square kilometers and is one hundred and ninety-third in the world in this indicator. Sea with The old city of Monaco is only visible. The state does not have its own water area, although in the past 20 years it has reclaimed several hectares of coast. The principality is surrounded on all sides by France. Monaco has European time. In summer it is one hour behind Moscow, and in winter two. The capital city of Monaco has established a so-called dualistic monarchy, limited to the institution. The prince rules the state - now it is Albert II. Despite its modest size, Monaco is represented in the UN, UNESCO, WHO, Interpol, the Council of Europe and the OSCE.

History of Monaco

Back in the tenth century BC, on the rock where the dwarf principality is now located, there was a settlement of the Phoenicians. Later Greeks and Ligurians lived here. The history of the principality dates back to 1215, when the fortress of Monaco was built on the rocky shore. Its population was small. Basically it was a military garrison. In the nineties of the thirteenth century, a civil war broke out in Genoa between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. A certain Francesco Grimaldi disguised himself as a Franciscan monk and knocked on the evening of January 8, 1297 at the gates of the fortress, asking for shelter for the night. The guards were severely punished for their kindness. Bursting after Grimaldi, his accomplices cut the entire garrison. And Francesco himself founded a new princely line. For more than seven hundred years, the state has been continuously ruled by the Grimaldi family. And the coat of arms of the state is decorated with two Franciscan monks with swords.

Modern history of the country

It cannot be said that an independent country has never disappeared since then. political map Europe. Having passed under the Perron Treaty in 1641 under the protectorate of France, Monaco in 1789 was completely annexed by a powerful neighbor. But after the collapse of the Napoleonic empire, the principality went to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Under his protectorate, it stayed for half a century. In 1860, Sardinia withdrew its troops. The entire small area of ​​Monaco was again recognized as sovereign. The economic rise of the dwarf state began in 1865, when a casino opened in Monte Carlo. signed with France Customs Union. In 1911, a constitution appeared, where for the first time the power of the prince was limited. Significant assistance in the development of the economy of Monaco was provided by such a foreign investor as Aristotle Onassis. He invested in the entertainment industry and the construction of the port.

most famous princess

Until the twentieth century, representatives of the princely family of Monaco entered into only strategically advantageous marriages. However, times change and so do manners. In the middle of the twentieth century, fate brought reigning prince Rainier III with American actress Grace Kelly. She came to star in Alfred Hitchcock's To Catch a Thief. And Rainier the Third, who ascended the throne in 1949, was at that time the most enviable bachelor. The couple's wedding took place in a narrow circle on April 18, 1956. Misalliance did not cause a big scandal (after all, the twentieth century!). In addition, Princess Grace Kelly of Monaco did everything possible to make the local people fall in love with her. She learned the language, customs. But her main merit is the preservation of the sovereignty of the principality in the complex political relations of the state with France. This is the story of the film "Princess of Monaco" with Nicole Kidman in leading role. September 13, 1982 Grace Kelly was driving. As a result of a stroke, she lost control of the car, causing the car to fall off a cliff. Grace died in the hospital the next day. She was also in the car. youngest daughter, seventeen-year-old Stephanie-Mary-Elizabeth. The girl received a serious fracture of the neck. AT given time the country is ruled by Grace's son, Albert II, Prince of Monaco. The population cherishes the memory of the "American Princess". The main hospital was named after her, and a commemorative coin was issued in her honor.

Holidays in Monaco

The area of ​​the country, as already mentioned, is only two square kilometers. This is three times less than the Moscow Sokolniki Park. But in the last twenty years, thanks to the drainage of the coast, the area of ​​​​Monaco has increased by almost forty hectares. The port was equipped. Monaco thus became a maritime power in the truest sense of the word. But the Principality is not famous for its beach holidays. The filling of these two square kilometers is much more interesting than in Sokolniki. There are as many as four cities: Monte Carlo, Monaco-Ville, La Condamine and Fontvieille. All significant sights for tourists are concentrated on the rock of Saint-Antoine, which is prominent in the sea. This is the Old Town, or Monaco-Ville. Only indigenous people, the Monegasques, are allowed to settle here. They are also exempt from taxes. In Monaco-Ville, there is the Grimaldi Prince's Palace, the cathedral with the grave of Grace Kelly, the ancient Misericord chapel, Fort Antoine, the wax museums, Napoleon and the Old Town, the historical archive, the gardens of St. Martin. On the square in front of the residence of Albert II, the ceremony of changing the guards of honor takes place every day. It is also interesting to visit the Oceanarium.

Monte Carlo

The description of Monaco would be incomplete if we do not mention this capital, where life is dedicated to gambling and nightlife. gambling center and nightlife generally. The key attraction here is Europe's first ever casino. This is the Du Monte Carlo gambling house. It can be called a gambling establishment, which appeared first in the world among the phenomena of this kind. But do not think that people go to Monte Carlo only to try their luck. There is the famous Japanese Garden, St. Charles Church and the amazing National Puppet Park. For shopping, head to La Condamine. In this town there is a port, a park of exotic plants, the Anthropological Museum, the Great Market, the Church of St. Devota, the pedestrian street of Princess Caroline. Fontvieille is a new seaside area. There is a zoo, museums of cars, ships, numismatics and philately.

Weather in Monaco

The state is located in the subtropical climate zone. It has hot dry summers and warm rainy winters. The average January temperature is +10 degrees, and in July it does not fall below +23. best time to visit the dwarf state is the period from May to early October. Region protected from northern winds Alps. And in summer, the warm air is refreshed by a light breeze from the sea.

Prices

As already mentioned, the principality is not a country of beach holidays. People go to Nice and Antibes for the sun and the sea, because life is cheaper there. That is why the weather in Monaco is not a predetermining factor of a trip to the country. Tourists come here to join the world of refined luxury: to lose at least a euro in the oldest casino, to look at the Formula 1 races, to pay a visit to the current residence of the prince. Prices in Monaco hotels are quite consistent with the status of the country. There are simply no budget hotels here. Prices for a standard room start from fifteen thousand rubles per night. Do not lag behind hotels and restaurants. Only one dish in "Louis Fifteenth" costs about two hundred euros.

- a dwarf state in southern Europe. In the north, east and west it borders on France, in the south it is washed by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea.

The name of the country comes from the ancient Greek "monoikos" - "hermit".

Official name: Principality of Monaco

Capital: Monaco/Monaco-Ville

The area of ​​the land: 1.95 sq. km. of which 0.4 km2 is due to the development of the seashore.

Total population: 35 656 people

Administrative division: Four administrative districts-cities: Monaco, Monte Carlo, La Condamine and Fontvieille.

Form of government: Constitutional monarchy (principality).

Head of State: Prince.

Composition of the population: 16% Monegasque, 47% French, 16% Italian, 4% English, 2% Belgian, 1% Swiss, 14% other.

Official language: French. Residents also speak Monegasque, Italian and English.

Religion: 90% are Catholics.

Internet domain: .mc

Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz

Phone country code: +377

Country barcode: 300-379

Climate

The climate in Monaco is Mediterranean: moderately warm winters (average January temperature + 8 ° С) and dry sunny summers (average July temperature + 24 ° С). The number of sunny days in a year is about 300. Unstable weather and drizzling rains, which usually last no more than 3 days, are brought by a strong east or south wind from the marin sea. A gusty, dry and cold mistral wind blows from the interior of France, bringing the temperature down.

The Alpes-Maritimes protect Monaco from the cold northern winds. In summer, sea breezes have a cooling effect on the coast. Thanks to soft climatic conditions Monaco is popular resort. The average annual rainfall is 1300 mm. They fall out mainly in autumn.

Under conditions of dry summer and autumn-spring rains, brown soils with hard-leaved xerophytic vegetation, as well as red-colored soils of terra rossa, formed in Monaco. Brown forest soils are found in the mountains.

Geography

The Principality of Monaco, one of the smallest countries in the world (area 1.95 sq. km). Located in the south of Europe, on the Mediterranean coast, near the border of France and Italy. It borders the French department of Alpes-Maritimes. Monaco includes the merged arrondissement-cities of Monaco ( Old city), Monte Carlo, La Condamine (business center and port) and Fontvieille (industrial area).

The capital of the country, the city of Monaco (3 thousand inhabitants), picturesquely located on a flat area of ​​a rock, has generally retained its medieval appearance. The main attractions of the city are the princely palace complex, built in the 13th-19th centuries; the famous Oceanographic Museum, which annually receives a large number of visitors; Museum of Primitive Anthropology; cathedral, built in the late 19th century. in pseudo-roman style. Lives in La Condamine most of the population of the country. Here are the seaport, the national library and the stadium. Monte Carlo is world famous for its casinos.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

Kermes and holm oak, pine, black and Alep pine, boxwood, juniper, olive, fig and other typical representatives of the Mediterranean flora are common in the forests. In Monaco, there are also dwarf palm, maritime pine, Atlas cedar and cork, beech, felt-leaved oaks.

Large-fruited strawberries stand out in maquis (blooms late autumn or in winter), cistus, myrtle, pistachio, viburnum, red juniper, etc. The composition of the gariga is dominated by shrub kermes oak, which is mixed with juniper, gorse, rosemary, hold-tree, thyme.

One fifth of the territory of Monaco is occupied by gardens and parks. There are plantations of olive, fig, pomegranate, almond, pistachio, persimmon. Grow bananas, oranges, lemons, tangerines. Japanese medlar and camphor laurel from Japan, aloe, cacti, agaves from Northern and South America, eucalyptus trees from Australia.

Animal world

The fauna of Monaco is poor. Mammals include small rodents, hedgehogs, shrews, the bats, including the Mediterranean bat. There are many birds: mountain warblers, spectacled and white-bearded, garden bunting, sea mockingbird, kingfisher, red-necked nightjar, skylark, black-and-white and black-bellied wheatears, thrushes, etc.

Among reptiles, the steppe gecko, chalcid and sand lizards, snakes, Aesculapian snake, etc. stand out, among amphibians - tree frog and green toad. Insects are abundant in Monaco, including butterflies. Dolphins and a small number of commercial fish species (sardine, anchovy, flounder, mackerel, mullet, catfish), lobsters, mussels are found in the coastal zone of the Mediterranean Sea.

Attractions

Monaco is one of the world centers of tourism and best resort Azure coast. Consisting of four main regions (Monaco-Ville or Le Rocher, La Condamine, Fontvieille and Monte Carlo), this tiny country connects almost all of its activity with tourism.

Located on a rocky ledge of the spurs of the Alpes-Maritimes, the country is almost completely built up with high-rise buildings at the very edge of the sea, surrounded by villas immersed in greenery. And yet, more than 20% of the territory of Monaco is occupied by gardens and parks, and the coastal strip is framed by entertainment venues, hotel complexes and beaches. And, of course, Monte Carlo - "European Las Vegas" and Europe's largest casino complex.

According to legend, the area got its name from the temple built by the Greeks "Heraklos Monoikos" ("Heracles the only one"), although the first settlements on the site of the principality belonged to the Phoenicians (about 900 BC). Such an ancient age of this land could not but leave its mark on the modern appearance of the country, therefore the architecture and life of this tiny state have long been, in fact, one big museum.

Banks and currency

Banks operate in weekdays from 9:00 to 16:00 with a lunch break from 12:00 to 14:00. A bank near the Casino in Monte Carlo is open daily and even at holidays from 12:00 to 23:00.

The official currency of Monaco is the euro. 1 euro is equal to 100 cents. In circulation there are banknotes of 500, 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10 euros and coins of 1 and 2 euros and 50, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents.

Foreign currency can be changed at hotels or banks. Traveler's checks can also be exchanged at banks, checks in US dollars, euros and pounds sterling are exchanged without commission.

Credit cards are accepted everywhere.

Useful information for tourists

Monaco is famous for the abundance of various exhibitions, competitions and festivals of European and world level.

The country has one of the most powerful and extensive police surveillance systems in the world. Policemen in uniform and in civilian clothes are found almost everywhere, they have the right to search suspicious objects and cars “on the spot”, conduct current face control, check telephone bills, hotel rooms and homes, in addition, surveillance cameras are installed almost everywhere. The crime rate in the principality is extremely low.

The sanitary and epidemiological situation in the country is one of the calmest in the world. The tap water is quite drinkable, but it is recommended to use bottled water, as the mineral composition of the local water is somewhat different from the usual standards. Absolutely all food and vegetables of excellent quality.

In hotels and restaurants, 15% service charge is usually included in the bill, otherwise it is customary to tip the waiter up to 10% of the bill, the taxi driver - about 10-15% of the counter, porter, maid or guide 0.5-1 euro. The majority of employees and workers in Monaco are residents of neighboring regions of France and Italy.

The state is located in the south of the European continent, in the northern part of the Mediterranean Sea, nearby Cote d'Azur 40 km northeast of French Nice. The total area of ​​the Principality is 1.974 km 2 , the length along the coast is 4.1 km. AT last years Monaco's geography is expanding geographically as a result of the drying up of the sea.

Geography of Monaco

The country of Monaco is small, it is located in the southern part of Europe on the coast of the Ligurian Sea. Geography of Monaco is such that the state does not have minerals, there is no their development, as well as heavy industry, which contributes to the ecological balance. However Monaco culture- this is a “sample of love of life” ... It is worth noting that the neighborhood with France had a huge impact on the country. Also geography state allows you to make an informed choice - so many tourist destinations open up in the future that your eyes run wide ...

Monaco Time

Monaco is in the Central European time zone. Monaco Time two hours behind Moscow. The entire territory of the country has one time zone. On the summer time country passes March 25, winter October 25.

Climate of Monaco

Moderately warm winters (January average temperature + 8-10 ° C), dry and warm sunny summers (August temperature 26 ° C) characterize. The country receives up to three hundred sunny days a year. Maritime Alps serve reliable protection Monaco from cold winds from the north to winter time and in summer pleasant sea breezes cool the coast of the Principality.

Monaco weather

The high season in the Principality is the period from May to the end of October, when beach holiday, and the ubiquitous life of the state is full of daily holidays and interesting events. The fabulous weather here is fragrant even during velvet season, in September and October, Monaco at this time is popular among lovers of a quiet and balanced holiday. Rainy weather in the principality comes closer to winter and late autumn.

Nature of Monaco

The location of the principality on the mountain slopes largely determines the component of the description nature Monaco. The slopes are rich in forests and shrubs (maquis). The most represented trees are cedar and pine, as well as different types oak. The types of maquis include: cistus, myrtle, evergreen viburnum and pistachios, juniper.

Fifth of the area Monaco replete with parks and gardens. There are plantations of figs, olives, pomegranates, pistachios, almonds and persimmons. Grow bananas, lemons, oranges, tangerines. Japanese medlar and camphor laurel from Strana rising sun, cacti, aloe and agave from North and South America, eucalyptus from Australia.

Monaco is the second smallest country in the world after the Vatican. It has been run by the Grimaldi family for over 700 years. The seafront principality has a colorful past but is now a quiet haven for the rich and famous who enjoy tax-free status.

The picturesque coastal country attracts tourists all year round. Guests of Monaco alternate between relaxing on the beach with international races in sports, and spend the evenings at the Place du Casino. This gambling center has made Monte Carlo famous as a place for extravagant displays of one's wealth. Wealthy people willing to spend millions and ordinary tourists all find common ground in Monaco. More detailed information the country is shown below.

History of the Principality of Monaco

This secluded harbor was originally inhabited by Greeks in 6 BC. e. Legend has it that Hercules once passed through Monaco and the temple of Monoikos was built in his honor. Historically, this country was part of France, but in 1215 it became a colony of Genoa by decree of the emperor Grimaldi settled here in 1297, and the family's ancestors control the principality to this day.

In 1419, the Grimaldi family acquired Monaco from France. Since then, the principality has been under the protection of Spain, Italy and Sardinia. In 1793 French revolutionary troops captured Monaco and held it until 1814. Today, the country has a constitutional monarchy, but the principality is under the protectorate of France.

Prince Rainier and Grace Kelly

In 1949, Prince Rainier III ascended the throne of Monaco. In 1956 he married the beautiful American actress Grace Kelly. This event was a turning point not only in her professional career, but also in the life of the entire principality. The famous actress at the peak of her popularity left the cinema for the sake of marriage. This news shook not only Hollywood, but the rest of the world. This event brought fame to the principality. Previously, it was only talked about as the place where the Monaco Grand Prix in the Formula 1 championship is held. Now the eyes of the rich and famous, riveted on Grace Kelly, turned to a small principality. Having received the title of princess, the actress invested her strength in the promotion of the arts. This brought charm to the small country and contributed to its economic and cultural development. They had three children together: Caroline, Albert and Stephanie.

The sudden death of Grace Kelly in a car accident in 1982 was a shock that reverberated around the world. Films have been made and books written about her life, and her death is still shrouded in mystery around which conspiracy theories are built. Prince Rainier III continued to govern Monaco after her death and was a respected monarch. He never remarried and died in 2005, leaving the throne to his son, Prince Albert II.

Modern status

The capital of the Principality of Monaco is the city of the same name. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy. The economy is based on tourism gambling and banking services. Absence income tax attract many wealthy residents. The banking industry and money management generate 16% of revenues and play an important role in the economy. In addition, it is famous for its casinos, whose visitors come from all over the world to play in elite establishments. Tourism accounts for about 25% of income and the country prides itself on its hospitality and excellent cuisine. The wonderful Mediterranean climate attracts travelers who want to enjoy the sea of ​​Monaco.

Climate

Monaco is located on the Mediterranean Sea and is surrounded by France on three sides. Nice is the nearest major city, which is about 18 km away. The area is quite rocky, located on steep hills that descend to the sea. The climate is mild all year round, with temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 degrees Celsius.

Monaco is divided into four quarters:

• Monaco-Ville is an old city located on a rocky promontory.
• La Condamine is a port area.
• Monte Carlo - main resort, residential and tourist area.
• Fontvieille is a new site built on alluvial land.

Population of Monaco

More than a quarter of the country's population are French citizens. Smaller but significant numbers are Italians, Swiss and Belgians. One fifth - Monegasques, representatives of the indigenous population,

Monegasques are proud unique history and position of their country in the world. It is believed that the name Monaco comes from the word "monoikos", associated with both the ancient Greeks and the Ligurians. Ligurians settled on the Mediterranean coast even before the era of the Roman Empire. The coastal road used by the Ligurians later became known as the "Hercules Road". On the Greek Hercules was often referred to as "Hercules Monoikos" or "Hercules". The Monegasques have managed to maintain their traditions and dialect over the centuries, despite the influence of their much larger neighbors. They are featured in many local festivals and are part of Monaco's world fame. However, only a small part of the citizens can call themselves Monegasques. The rest are people of different nationalities.

Languages ​​of Monaco

There are more and more tourists who want to visit this country every year. They are probably interested in what language they speak in Monaco. This is multinational country, but greatest influence it was provided by France. Therefore, it is not surprising that French has become the official language of Monaco. It is the language of management, business, education and the media.

The native speaks Monegasque, and it is he who is considered traditional. It is similar to Italian in many ways. Only about 21.6% of the population, who are mostly ethnic Monegasques, speak the language. And although the authorities are trying their best to preserve their native dialect, its use is declining every year. By the 1970s, the language was on the verge of extinction, but several projects started by the Monegasque government helped raise its status. Currently, this language is taught in schools, and street signs are made in two versions: in French and Monegasque. The other traditional language of Monaco is Occitan. It is currently spoken by only a small part of the country's population.

In addition to the above languages, Italian and English are popular here. This is not surprising, because Italians make up about 19% of the country's population. For a while, Italian was even official language Monaco (between 1815 and 1861), when the principality was under the protectorate of Sardinia. Some members of the princely family speak Italian. English language mainly used by citizens of the UK, USA and Canada, permanently residing in the country. The official language of Monaco is French, but English remains the most popular among tourists here.

culture

Throughout history, Monaco's neighbors (France, Italy and Spain) have had a huge impact on the Principality. Therefore, elements of their cultures can be traced in art. The constitution allows for religious freedom, but most of population consider themselves supporters of the Roman Catholic Church (about 78% of citizens).

The ruling Grimaldi family was instrumental in promoting culture and the arts in Monaco. The city boasts exquisite architecture. Visitors will find an amazing array of world-class galleries where they can attend musical performances throughout the year. Many of them are supported by members of the princely family themselves. In addition, Grimaldi created many charities, including the funds of Princess Grace (who also supports the Dance Academy), Prince Pierre (funding culture and the arts), and Prince Albert II (environmental protection).

Cuisine of Monaco

Access to fresh vegetables, fruits and seafood has determined the characteristics of the local cuisine. In addition, the food reflects the Mediterranean heritage of the country, and the influence of French and Italian cuisine can be found in many recipes.

Each of the many restaurants serves gourmet seafood dishes. Among them, cod and anchovies dominate. The warm climate allows fish to be supplemented with local vegetables. Separately, it is worth highlighting onions, garlic and olives (or olive oil), which are included in many dishes. As a rule, breakfast is very small, but lunch and dinner are often served with several courses - this tradition has taken root in Monaco. Reviews about restaurants are purely positive, because the owners, afraid of losing rich customers, maintain the service at the highest level.

What to visit in Monaco?

The main attraction of the Principality is the Monte Carlo Casino, which is a huge entertainment complex located in the area of ​​the same name. It includes a casino and an opera house. The famous French architect Carl Garnier built the casino in 1878. The atrium, laid in marble, is surrounded by 28 Ionic columns. It leads to the auditorium of the Salle Garnier, decorated with a large number of bas-reliefs, frescoes and sculptures. It has hosted outstanding international performances as well as operas, ballets and concerts for more than a century. The "game rooms" include a number of numerous rooms with stained glass windows, delightful decorations and sculptures, allegorical paintings and bronze lamps.

Oceanographic Museum, whose director was the legendary explorer of the water depths, Jacques-Yves Cousteau. This exceptional museum is dedicated to oceanography. His collections marine fauna collected by Prince Albert I are priceless and unique. The latest large-scale acquisition of the museum is a giant pool measuring 450 cubic meters, which shows variety and unusual coloration coral reef and the creatures that inhabit it.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral serves as the tomb of past rulers of Monaco, including Prince Rainier and Princess Grace. Services are held during great liturgical celebrations accompanied by organ music.

The Princely Palace of Monaco is today home to Prince Rainier's son and successor, Prince Albert II. The State Halls are open to the public during the summer. Since 1960, the palace courtyard has been the venue for open-air concerts presented by the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra. It also opens for important events, for example, to celebrate weddings or birthdays in the Grimaldi family. The assembled citizens of Monaco turn to the prince from the gallery of Hercules, overlooking the square. The yard is also used for the annual children's party. Thanks to such events, the palace continued to play a central role in the life of the prince and his subjects for 700 years.

Fort Antoine is a fortress built at the beginning of the 18th century. Now it is used as a wonderful outdoor theater that can accommodate about 350 spectators. This charming setting hosts numerous performances during the summer season. The military architecture of this watchtower is what gives it a unique and special charm.

Numerous attractions of the Principality of Monaco will impress even the most demanding tourist.

In addition to hosting the famous Grand Prix and the presence of the luxurious Monte Carlo casino, there are no less interesting facts about this country that not everyone knows about:

1. Monaco is often called the tax haven of Europe. For decades, the country lived solely on income from its casinos. Nowadays, thanks to the efforts of the government, tourism has become the main source of income.
2. If you want to go to the city of Monaco, then you can get there by train, your own helicopter or yacht, but not by private jet. There are no airports here, and the nearest one is in Nice. Luckily, Monaco and France are within 30 minutes of each other.
3. The descendants of François Grimaldi, the Genoese leader of the Guelphs, have ruled Monaco for over 712 years. This explains why the majority of citizens are Catholics.
4. Monaco is open to tourists at any time of the year - every month something happens here. From the exclusive outdoor concerts of the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic to sporting events, for example, the famous Formula 1 Grand Prix.
5. The elegant façade and interiors of Monte Carlo Casino have been the setting for three James Bond films, namely Casino Royale, Goldeneye and Never Say Never Again.
6. The crime rate in Monaco is very low. This is mainly due to the fact that here large quantity police officers per person than in any other country. In addition, a large number of CCTV cameras are located in the principality to prevent criminal activity.
7. There is almost zero unemployment here. There is also no poverty in the country.
8. Don't be surprised if you find out that Monegasque citizens are not allowed to gamble or even go to casinos. The rule is set by the government of a country that doesn't want its citizens to waste their money. The casino is a source of income for the country and provides work for its residents.
9. The Formula 1 Grand Prix is ​​one of the main events that the country holds every year.
10. In 2014, almost 30% of Monaco's population were millionaires - the same as in Zurich or Geneva.