What does reflexive verb mean. Verbal state category
The main postfix values \u200b\u200b-sya
AT depending on the presence or absence of the return postfix -sya- verbs are divided into returnable and non-refundable.
Refundable are verbs with a postfix -sya- (-s-).
For example:
swim, smile, hope
Non-refundable are verbs without a postfix -sya- (-s-).
Some verbs in the modern Russian language have correlative pairs according to the category of reflexivity - irrevocability.
Exercise:
Compare:
dress - dress, bathe - swim, see - see
Other verbs do not have such correlative pairs.
Exercise:
Compare:
smile, hope, somersault;
go, sit down, freeze
Return postfix -sya- (-s-) can give the verb form different semantic meanings :
1) self-return value when the subject and the object to which the action is directed coincide in one person ( wash, bathe, dress).
For example:
I wash my face
2) Reciprocal value when each of the two actors acts both as a subject and as an object.
For example:
1. Friends met and fraternally embraced.
2. And new friends, well, hugging, well, kissing
3) Return value when the action does not pass on to anyone, but closes in the subject himself.
For example:
He got angry.
We were offended
Such verbs, as a rule, express the internal mental state of a person.
4) Objectless return value e, when the action referred to is a property of the subject.
For example:
The dog bites.
The cow butts.
The cat scratches.
Nettle stings
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Grammatical classes of words in modern Russian
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Explanatory note
In the section "Modern Russian: Morphology", according to the State Educational Standard, the following topics should be studied: - Introduction to modern morphology
Disciplines
Type of work Labor intensity, hours Total labor intensity Classroom work
Discipline
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In my own way lexical meaning nouns in Russian are usually divided into four categories: - specific; - real; - collect
The concept of a noun as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Rewrite, inserting instead of dots the nouns you need in meaning. 1. Solemn celebrations were arranged for those who were leaving for the army.
Noun ranks by lexical meaning
Exercise 5 Find among the given words nouns of a certain category and distribute them into groups: - specific; - thing
Common nouns and proper nouns
Exercise 6 Explain why the names of the months: January, February, March, etc. are not proper names. Exercise 7 Mars has two lou
A noun is a word that has the lexical and grammatical meaning of objectivity. Specific nouns
Qualitative adjectives and their features
Qualitative adjectives denote the qualities and properties of objects directly. For example: wide river, capable student
Relative adjectives and their features
Relative adjectives denote the attributes of objects not directly, but according to their relationship to other objects. They may have different meanings.
Their signs
Possessive adjectives denote ownership of something certain person or an animal. For example: fathers (home), mother's
Transition of adjectives from one category to another
Adjectives can move from one category to another. For example: relative adjectives can become qualitative: stone house
Their signs
Qualitative adjectives can have two forms - full and short. short form
Qualitative adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative. positive degree- e
And their signs
Exercise 5 It is not always easy to draw a clear line between qualitative and relative adjectives, since relative adjectives, used figuratively
Possessive adjectives and their signs
Exercise 8 Find possessive adjectives with suffixes -in, -ov. Indicate in what case and what number they are, what is their ending. Is it like the endings of being
Full and short adjectives and their signs
Exercise 21 Read and indicate the short and full adjectives used in the compound nominal predicate. Mark instances of inappropriate use
Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Exercise 33 Rewrite, forming from adjectives given in brackets, forms of degrees of comparison, simple or compound. (As you do this exercise, keep in mind that simple shapes are
An adjective is a part of speech that denotes any sign of an object (color, quality, size, age, material from which the object is made, etc.).
A numeral is a part of speech that expresses the meaning of a quantity (number). For example: one, one hundred, forty, seven Names number
In grammar, two categories of numerals are distinguished: quantitative and ordinal. cardinal numbers
Declension of numerals
The quantitative numeral one, which reveals a number of grammatical features that bring it closer to the adjective as a part of speech, is declined using the ending
The concept of a numeral as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Which of the highlighted words are numerals? 1. Wit, my dear, deal! Full glass of leisure! And pour a hundred epigrams on foe and friend
Lexico-grammatical categories of numerals
Exercise 5 Task: Read the following note and comment on it. Note: In
Declension of numerals
Exercise 8 Prove that the seventh one changes in the same way as gray-haired, big, blue. Exercise 9 Rewrite, choosing the necessary numbers and putting them in with
The numeral is a part of speech expressing the meaning of quantity (number); these are words that answer the question how many?) or the order of objects when counting (they answer n
The problem of pronouns is one of the most difficult problems in grammar. Pronouns are traditionally defined as the part of speech that refers to things
Pronouns
By the nature of the functions performed (i.e. by meaning), pronouns are divided into eight functional-semantic categories: 1.
According to grammatical properties, pronominal words are usually divided into three categories: 1. Subject-personal pronouns (m
Declension of pronouns
Pronominal adjectives are declined like ordinary adjectives (which - like old; which - like factory). Pronominal numerals decline
The concept of a pronoun as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Read and indicate what mistakes are made in the use of 3rd person pronouns. Correct and rewrite. 1. Kalashnikov
Functional-semantic categories of pronouns
Exercise 9 Read and indicate if the forms are used correctly. plural personal pronouns of the 3rd person. Rewrite with necessary corrections. &n
Grammar categories of pronouns
Exercise 14 Who, what - pronominal nouns; which, which, whose - pronominal adjectives. Prove it. Exercise 15 How much and
Declension of pronouns
Exercise 17 Negative pronouns are combined with prepositions in this way: there was no one - there was no one, he didn’t tell anyone - he didn’t go to anyone, he wasn’t noticed by anyone -
Pronouns are traditionally defined as a part of speech that indicates objects, signs and quantities, but does not name them (who, you, this, some, several).
Topic plan
one. . 2. . 3. Reflexive and non-reflexive verbs. Basic Postfix Values
The concept of the verb as a part of speech
The very term "verb" has Old Church Slavonic origin. AT Old Russian- the verb means "Word". The verb is the most most of
Infinitive as the initial form of the verb
If the initial form of a noun is the nominative singular, then the initial form of the verb is the infinitive
The category of transitivity-intransitivity is a constant grammatical category of the verb. It expresses the relation of the action denoted by the verb to the object. All
Mood category of the verb
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Category of the person of the verb. Impersonal verbs
The category of the person of the verb expresses the relation of the action performed by the subject to the speaking person. Only present and future tense verbs change according to faces. Past verbs
Conjugation of verbs
Changing present and future tense verbs according to persons in singular and plural is called conjugation. Past tense verbs in s
In addition to the infinitive, participles and gerunds are special non-conjugated forms of the verb. Participle
The concept of the verb as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Explain why it is necessary to consider that skillful is an adjective (short form), and skillful is a verb. Compare:
Infinitive as the initial form of the verb
Exercise 5 Read the fairy tale-joke "Infinitive". He looks at the Infinitive, how the verbs are conjugated, and says: - Oh, you, is it really necessary to conjugate? - A to
Reflexive and non-reflexive verbs.
The main values of the postfix - Xia Exercise 10 Revolutions with instrumental actor sometimes stylistically inappropriate
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Exercise 21 Read the text. From hunting stories It happened on the bank of the river. My dog ran into a hare. The coast was rough
Verb aspect category
Exercise 25 grammatical meaning type will become clearer if it is associated with the phenomena of reality. The student (student) will understand what the meaning is perfect look if he is clear
Verb tense category
Exercise 99 Compare the formation of the past tense for different groups of verbs. From what basis do they form? With what affixes? What verbs have the past tense
Conjugation of verbs
Exercise 109 The verbs want, run most of the endings of II conjugation. What endings violate this order for the verbs want and run?
Participle as a non-conjugated form of the verb
Exercise 115 Find participles in the text. Choose one of them and prove that it has the features of a verb and an adjective. Think of a sentence with this participle so as to change
The participle as a non-conjugated form of the verb
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A verb is a word denoting an action and answering the question "What to do?" The last clarification is very important, because the word "walking", for example, also denotes an action, however, it cannot be classified as a verb.
The action is always directed towards some object. It may be the same object that does it, or some other. In the first case, we will talk about a reflexive verb, and in the second - about an irrevocable one.
Identification feature of reflexive verbs
The fact that the action performed by a certain subject is directed at himself can be evidenced by a reflexive pronoun. In Russian, there is only one such pronoun, which does not even have a nominative case - “self”.
The language always strives for brevity, so the reflexive pronoun in combination with verbs was reduced to “sya”, and then turned into a part of these verbs - the postfix, i.e. suffix that after the end. This is how reflexive verbs arose, the identifying feature of which is the postfix “-sya”: “dress yourself” - “”, “wash yourself” - “wash yourself”. Verbs that do not have such a postfix are called non-reflexive.
Types of reflexive verbs
The semantic content of a reflexive verb is not always so simple. An action that someone directly performs on himself is only one reflexive verb - proper reflexive.
A verb of this kind can also imply some action that the object performs not on itself, but in its own interests. For example, if people are said to be “building”, this can mean not only “building themselves in a line” (proper reflexive verb), but also “building a house for themselves”. In the latter case, the verb will be called indirectly reflexive.
The joint actions of several objects are also indicated by reflexive verbs: “meet”, “talk” are mutually reflexive verbs.
However, not having the postfix "-sya" is reflexive. It is impossible to classify as such verbs that have a passive voice, i.e. implying that the action on the object is performed by someone else: “the house is being built”, “microbes are being destroyed”.
A verb cannot be reflexive if it is transitive, i.e. denotes an action directed at another object, although in impersonal form such verbs may have the postfix "-sya": "I want to buy a car."
To the question How to determine the recurrence of verbs? given by the author Mouse-Ksyu the best answer is
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be ashamed of mom. All reflexive verbs do not have passive forms.
Lzya
Answer from flush[newbie]
Answer from Yatiana Yastrebova[master]
reflexive verbs have postwigs "sya". HP, get drunk (i.e., get yourself drunk), wash (wash yourself),
Answer from wit[newbie]
Return / non-return
Reflexive verbs are called with the word-forming suffix -sya: learn, laugh. See more at
Answer from cross-eyed[newbie]
look in the textbook
Answer from Bogdan Shpilevoy[active]
Reflexive verbs are called with the word-forming suffix -sya: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, proud, lazy, hope, like, laugh, doubt, etc.).
Answer from Dmitry Bakum[newbie]
Return / non-return
Reflexive verbs are called with the word-forming suffix -sya: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, proud, lazy, hope, like, laugh, doubt, etc.).
Reflexive verbs can convey the following meanings:
1) the action of the subject is directed at himself: to wash, comb his hair, tune in, humiliate himself; for these verbs, it is usually possible to rebuild into a construction from itself;
2) the actions of several subjects directed at each other, each of which is both the subject and the object of a similar action: put up, meet, kiss;
3) the action is performed by the subject in his own interests: to build (build a house for himself), to pack (pack his things); it is possible to rebuild in construction with for oneself, for oneself;
4) the action of the subject, closed in the sphere of his state: worry, rejoice, get angry, have fun; worry;
5) potential active sign of the subject: the dog bites (may bite);
6) potential passive sign of the object: glass breaks (may break);
7) impersonality - to like, to be unwell, to get dark.
The question of the meaning of reflexive verbs is raised only in complex 2, where among the indicated meanings a “passive meaning” is described: the house is being built by masons. In linguistics, constructions of this kind are more often described as a personal form of the passive voice. The verb is in the form of a passive voice in the event that in the position of the subject with it there is a noun with the meaning of the object, and not the subject of the action. However, in all three educational complexes the morphological feature of voice is distinguished only in participles, therefore, according to school grammar, any verb with -sya is an independent word.
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be ashamed of mom. All reflexive verbs do not have passive forms
Answer from Matvey Dokukin[newbie]
Reflexive verbs are called with the word-forming suffix -sya: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, proud, lazy, hope, like, laugh, doubt, etc.).
Answer from Ksenia Dyachkova[newbie]
reflexive verbs are those that answer the question (what to do?), and non-reflexive those that answer the question (what to do?)
Answer from Vitalik Nubaryan[newbie]
Reflexive verbs are called with the word-forming suffix -sya: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, proud, lazy, hope, like, laugh, doubt, etc.).
Reflexive verbs can convey the following meanings:
1) the action of the subject is directed at himself: to wash, comb his hair, tune in, humiliate himself; for these verbs, it is usually possible to rebuild into a construction from itself;
2) the actions of several subjects directed at each other, each of which is both the subject and the object of a similar action: put up, meet, kiss;
3) the action is performed by the subject in his own interests: build (build a house for himself), pack (pack his things); it is possible to rebuild in construction with for oneself, for oneself;
4) the action of the subject, closed in the sphere of his state: worry, rejoice, get angry, have fun; worry;
5) potential active sign of the subject: the dog bites (may bite);
6) potential passive sign of the object: glass breaks (may break);
7) impersonality - to like, to be unwell, to get dark.
The question of the meaning of reflexive verbs is raised only in complex 2, where among the indicated meanings a “passive meaning” is described: the house is being built by masons. In linguistics, constructions of this kind are more often described as a personal form of the passive voice. The verb is in the form of a passive voice in the event that in the position of the subject with it there is a noun with the meaning of the object, and not the subject of the action. However, in all three educational complexes, the morphological feature of voice is distinguished only in participles, therefore, according to school grammar, any verb with -sya is an independent word.
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be ashamed of mom. All reflexive verbs do not have passive forms. Reflexive verbs are called with the word-forming suffix -sya: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, proud, lazy, hope, like, laugh, doubt, etc.).
Schoolchildren and linguistic students need to be able to correctly determine the recurrence of verbs. This is required to complete morphological analysis, competent presentation of ideas. There are a number of nuances that should be taken into account when determining the reflexivity of the verb. It is not enough just to remember that a reflexive verb ends in -sya or -ss: this kind of analysis is the cause of regular errors. It is important to understand the originality of this morphological category of the verb.
Reflexivity as a category of a verb
To correctly determine the recurrence of the verb, you need to know exactly the features of the category under study.
Reflexive verbs are a specific form intransitive verbs. They denote an action directed by the subject on himself, have a postfix –sya. Postfix -sya is part of the word, reflecting the historical changes in the Russian language. In the Old Slavonic language, the postfix denoted the word "himself", performing the functions of a pronoun.
Be sure to know that the reflexivity of the verb is directly related to the morphological category of transitivity. First, find out if the verb is transitive. You need to remember: the definition of the recurrence of the verb takes time and should be based on the analysis of the word. The presence of the -sya postfix does not guarantee that you have a reflexive verb in front of you.
Algorithm for determining the recurrence of the verb
It is desirable to determine the reflexivity of the verb according to a specific scheme, then the probability of errors will noticeably decrease. You will need to be familiar with the basic terms used in the Russian language course.
- First determine the category of transitivity of the verb. Remember the signs of transitivity and intransitivity of the verb:
- A transitive verb denotes an action directed at oneself (subject). It freely combines with a noun that is in the accusative case, without a preposition. For example, to do (what?) a task. To do is a transitive verb because it goes with a noun without a preposition, and the noun is in the accusative case. To determine transitivity, simply model a phrase where there is a noun dependent on the analyzed verb in the accusative case.
- Intransitive verbs denote actions that do not transfer to an object. Nouns cannot be combined with such verbs in the accusative case without a preposition.
- A transitive verb denotes an action directed at oneself (subject). It freely combines with a noun that is in the accusative case, without a preposition. For example, to do (what?) a task. To do is a transitive verb because it goes with a noun without a preposition, and the noun is in the accusative case. To determine transitivity, simply model a phrase where there is a noun dependent on the analyzed verb in the accusative case.
- If the verb is transitive, it is not reflexive. The category of recurrence for him at this stage has already been determined.
- If the verb is intransitive, you need to continue its analysis.
- Notice the postfix. The postfix -sya is an obligatory sign of a reflexive verb.
- All reflexive verbs are divided into 5 types.
- Reflexive verbs are needed to express changes emotional state subject, his physical actions. For example, rejoice, hurry.
- Verbs from the group of proper reflexives denote an action directed at the subject. Thus, one person becomes object and subject. For example, to dress up - dress up yourself.
- Reciprocal verbs denote actions performed between several subjects. Each subject is simultaneously the object of the action, that is, the action is transferred to each other. For example, to meet - to meet each other.
- Verbs from the group of non-objective reflexives denote actions that are permanently inherent in the subject. For example, metal melts.
- Indirectly reflexive verbs imply actions performed by the subject in own interests, for myself. For example, stocking up.
- Reflexive verbs are needed to express changes emotional state subject, his physical actions. For example, rejoice, hurry.
- Please note: the postfix -sya is not always a sign of a reflexive verb. Check if the verb belongs to one of the groups:
- Transitive verbs reflecting the intensity of the action. For example, knock. The postfix increases the intensity.
- Verbs with impersonal meaning. For example, do not sleep.
- Transitive verbs reflecting the intensity of the action. For example, knock. The postfix increases the intensity.
If the verb does not fit into any type from point 6, but clearly belongs to one of the groups of point 5, it has the category of reflexivity.
In the verbs of the Russian language there are morphological non-permanent and some permanent features. One of them includes reflexive and non-reflexive types of verbs. Non-reflexive verbs, as well as reflexive ones, carry the presence or absence of special reflexive derivational postfixes -s and -sya. Let's try to figure out what it is and how such verbs are used.
Reflexivity of verbs
The reflexivity of verbs is grammatical category, which will indicate the direction or non-direction of a certain state defined by this verb, or an action on some subject. Reflexive and non-reflexive verbs in Russian are conjugated forms that differ in the presence or absence of postfixes -s and -sya (reflexive).
What is recurrence in verbs can be seen in the following examples: The boy washed and got ready. The man talked with a friend (these are examples of reflexive verbs).
The puppy played with the ball and ran to the playground. It was raining in the evening (this is an irrevocable form of the verb). This is how you need to distinguish between them.
A couple of useful words
Let us briefly recall once again that it is not particularly difficult to understand how to define an irrevocable verb. It can be transitive and intransitive, it can mean a certain action that is aimed at the subject (assembling a puzzle, reading a book), a state, a certain position in space, a multidirectional action, and the like (dreaming, sitting, thinking). Non-reflexive verbs do not include the postfix -s and -sya.
Shades of meaning
Reflexive verbs are able to express an action that will be directed to a specific subject (to something doing, speaking, looking, and so on).
Reflexive and non-reflexive verbs in Russian seems to be possible to discuss endlessly. Here are examples of reflexive verbs with perfect different shades values:
Rejoice, be upset, sad (denotes a mental or physical state some subject)
The dress is wrinkled, the dog bites, the nettle branch burns (shows a permanent quality or property of the subject);
Dress, eat, put on shoes, swim (the action of verbs is directed exclusively at oneself);
I want, I want, it gets dark (an impersonal action is shown here);
Hugging, quarreling, seeing each other (reciprocal action performed by several people in their relation to each other);
Tidy up, line up, get hold of (an action of an indirectly recurrent nature, which is performed by the subject solely in his own interests).
Unforgettable suffixes for reflexive verbs
Let's figure out what a reflexive and irrevocable verb means.
Verbs in reflexive form have suffixes:
Xia - maybe, both after consonants (taken, surrounded, and the like), and after endings (teach - learn, dries - dries, etc.));
Si will stand after vowels (dropped, drawn, blurred, and so on).
In the process of forming reflexive verbs great importance have not only suffixes, but also prefixes (read - read, drink - get drunk). In addition, among the verbs of this type there are non-derivatives. It is they who, under no circumstances, are used without the suffixes -s and -sya (laugh, fight, like).
Since pronouns in the accusative case and nouns are never used after reflexive verbs, they are all intransitive.
No suffixes
Non-reflexive verbs in Russian do not have suffixes -s and -sya. They can be both intransitive (create, breathe, play) and transitive (talk, draw).
An important point: many reflexive verbs can be formed from irrevocable ones, for example, cook - prepare.
Based on the foregoing, one must understand that in order to determine what a reflexive and irrevocable verb means and what kind of verb it belongs to, it is necessary to find a suffix that helped in education. If the suffixes -s (-sya) are present in the words, then these are reflexive verbs. If they are not, then non-reflexive verbs.
Situations noted in verbs
So, we already know that reflexive verbs with suffixes -s and -sya. They can be both non-derivative (for example, laugh), and formed from transitive and intransitive verbs (wash - wash).
In some intransitive and reflexive verbs formed from them we are talking about the same situation, for example: something blackens in the distance and something blackens in the distance. True, in the vast majority of situations, you can understand what an irrevocable verb means and how it looks “in life” by paying attention to the fact that the verbs reflexive and irrevocable denote completely different moments.
As a good example, we can name the following: to wash - a situation in which there are two participants (mother washes her daughter) and to wash - a situation in which there is only one participant (the girl washes); Petya hit Vanya. Petya and Vanya hit a large stone (in both cases, two boys are mentioned, but the situations in which they are direct participants are completely different).
Here we can say that the components of meaning themselves, which are introduced into the word by postfixes -s and -sya, are word-forming.
What can be found in grammars?
And the following information is noted there (we are talking about several values):
The mean-return value is to have fun, get angry, be scared, rejoice;
The meaning is active-objective - to bite, butt, swear (use;
The meaning is reciprocal - to quarrel, put up, meet, hug, kiss;
The meaning is actually recurrent - to dress, put on shoes, meet, powder;
The meaning is passive-recurrent - to be remembered, to be remembered;
The meaning is indirectly recurrent - to gather, stock up, stack, pack;
The meaning is passive-qualitative - to be introduced, to be remembered.
A reflexive verb can be formed by taking -sya to help, which will be combined with other morphemes (wink, run).
It is with the voice that reflexivity will be associated (that is, in the case in which the voice is defined at the morphemic level, reflexive verbs formed from transitive verbs will be combined into a voice, which is called reflexive-middle).
The intransitive sign is an affix. Combinations such as I'm afraid of dad, I obey my older brother, which can be found in Russian, will be few and non-normative.
Without rules - nowhere
Let's go back to what an irrevocable verb is. The rule says that having no postfix -sya. And here in return this postfix is present. It so happened for a long time that the appearance of reflexive verbs was associated with the pronoun -sya. True, initially it joined exclusively to transitive verbs(for example, bathe + sya (i.e., yourself) = bathe).
The variety of Russian verbs is divided into different groups.
Irreversible verbs from which the formation of reflexives comes - build + sya; meet + xia; write - do not write, sleep - do not sleep.
Irreversible verbs - to have dinner, to answer.
Reflexive verbs - laugh, fight, balk.
From the information provided, we can conclude that the postfix -sya in Russian can perform different functions:
Prepare reflexive verbs that differ from producing ones irrevocable verbs meaning in the lexical plan (to forgive - to say goodbye);
Form the reflexive form of verbs (to turn white).
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that some verbs in -sya have a synonymous reflexive combination (to cover - to cover oneself).
The division of verbs into reflexive and irrevocable has developed in the Russian language completely irrespective of their division into transitive and intransitive, collateral and non-collateral. It does not coincide with either one or the other one hundred percent, but is in a certain connection with the categories of transitivity and voice: -sya represents the intransitiveness of the verb, but only the reflexive form can provide the voice correlation.
In conclusion
Let's talk a little more about verbs and summarize a productive conversation.
Verbs are words in which the meaning of some process is defined, that is, they are able to express the signs indicated by them as some kind of action (say, read, write), state (sit, jump) or becoming (get old).
In addition to syntactic conjugation forms, verbs have non-syntactic reflexive and non-reflexive forms and aspect form. By the way they express non-syntactic formal meanings, verbs can be divided into grammatical ranks which are in some relation to each other.
The dependence of the subdivision of verbs into irrevocable and reflexive lies in the extent to which the grammatically intransitive meaning of the process is expressed or, conversely, not expressed in them.
Reflexive - verbs in which there is a grammatically expressed intransitive. In other words, they perfectly show that the process expressed by them can be turned to a direct object, which is represented by a noun in the accusative case without a preposition. An example is the words - get angry, meet, wash, knock, dress.
Irreversible verbs have some difference: they do not have any indication of the intransitive process. That is why they can be transitive: dress (daughter), annoy (parents), meet (guests), and intransitive: clobber, knock.