Formation of imperfect participles table. Imperfect participles. Formation of gerunds of the perfect form
I'll go for a walk, having closed apartment door with a key. And Maxim broke the key, closing Door. Do you know in which of the sentences used the gerund participle is perfect, and in which it is imperfect? If you don't know, you will definitely find out by reading this article. If you do not know what a gerund is, then we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the definition and examples:.
Perfect participles
Perfect participles- these are gerunds that denote an action that precedes the action of the verb-predicate. In simple terms, the action of the participle occurs first, then the verb.
Example: I went for a walk, closing the apartment door with a key. First I closed the door, then I went for a walk.
Perfective gerunds answer the question “what have you done?”. They are formed from the suffixes -v-, -shi, -lice- (suffixes -а-, -я- can also be used)
Examples of gerunds of the perfect form
- Vadim began to write in a notebook, taking out a pen from his pencil case.
- Tanya turned on her phone, having previously charged it to 100%.
- Nikolai got up from the table, turning off his personal computer.
- I got into bed, thoroughly washing the floors throughout the apartment.
- Buying lottery tickets, you are throwing money away.
Imperfect participles
Imperfect gerunds are gerunds that denote an action that occurs simultaneously with the action of the verb-predicate.
Example: Maxim broke the key while closing the door. Maxim broke the key in the process of closing the door.
Imperfect participles answer the question "what are you doing?". They are formed from the suffixes -a-, -i-. There are exceptions: gerunds formed from verbs in -ch (burn), -nut (wither), some verbs with a hissing stem (lick).
Examples of imperfect participles
- The girl went down a dark alley, not thinking about the possible consequences.
- Anatoly made a big mistake by not calling his mother for the second day.
- The dog ate from the bowl, not noticing the cat sitting next to him.
- Working at Gazprom, Alexei Borisovich was able to provide for his children and grandchildren for life.
- Washing dishes at home, you help your mother.
Form a participle.
Consider an example based on tasks from textbooks in the Russian language:
Form perfect participles from the verbs "bring, get off."
Such gerunds answer the question “what have you done?”. Bring, come down. Example sentences: Diana made a big mistake getting off the flight at a different stop. The son helped his grandfather a lot by bringing him a hammer to the garage.
Form imperfect participles from the verbs "run, pour".
Such gerunds answer the question “what are you doing?” Bezhav. Sample sentence: Natalya sprained her leg while running after the departing bus.
To pour is one of the verbs that cannot take the form of an imperfect participle. Such verbs also include: rub, twist, weave, lie, sleep, bend, send and others.
Alma-Ata's region
Karatal district
KSU "Lermontov Secondary School"
Lipaeva Elena Gennadievna
teacher of Russian language and literature
Russian language lesson in 7th grade
using a system of criteria-based assessment to improve the quality of education.
Lesson topic: Perfect and imperfect participles and their formation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES: to acquaint students with the formation of perfect and imperfect participles, to form the ability to form perfect and imperfect participles, to develop self-demanding: diligence, discipline, accuracy, conscientiousness, responsibility.
Lesson type: combined
EQUIPMENT: board, presentation, table, handout (control sheet, "Do you believe me" game, cards for research work)
DURING THE CLASSES:
Tuning for the lesson:
Good afternoon. You see, we have an unusual lesson today. There are guests here. They want to see how we can work, how focused and collected we are. I think that you, as always, will be attentive today and show yourself only from the best side.
I. call stage.
1 Parable One young man came to his spiritual teacher and asked: “Every day, as you advised, I say the phrase: “I accept joy in my life, but there is no joy in my life.” The sage put a spoon, a mug, a candle in front of the young man and asked:
Name what you choose from them.
Spoon, - the young man answered.
Say it 5 times.
I choose a spoon, - the young man gradually repeated 5 times.
You see, - said the sage, - repeat at least a million times a day, it will not become food. Necessary…
What is needed? (Hold out your hand and take a spoon.)
Today you need to reach out, take your knowledge and put it into practice. You are ready?
2Riddle.
It’s not at all difficult to guess this riddle! (slide1)
You can sometimes confuse me with an adverb,
But remember that the question does not let you down;
I is similar in meaning to a verb.
What part of speech is the riddle? What will we learn in class today?
Today, in the lesson, we will continue climbing the mountains on the topic “Green participles”. Everyone has a control sheet where you will enter your results of conquering the height.
But conquering mountain peaks is a difficult task. Climbers train, study the climatic conditions, the features of the route, stock up on the necessary equipment, the weak and hasty mountains do not like and are often punished.
Guys, what do you think: where does the ascent to the top begin?
Of course, with a medical examination. I propose to check whether the memory of our climbers is “healthy” before storming the 1st height. This will be our start.
3Updating knowledge at the theoretical level on the topic. The game "Do you believe ..?"
I read the statements, if you agree, put “+” in the appropriate box, if not, “-”.
Evaluation of work according to the criteria: 0-1 error - " 5 » 2 errors – « 4 » 3-4 mistakes - « 3 "More than 5 errors -" 2 "(slide 2)
1 The participle is an official part of speech.
2 The participle denotes an additional action.
3 The participle is formed from the verb.
4 The participle is an invariable part of speech.
5 The participle changes according to persons and tenses.
6The participle in a sentence is a definition.
7 The participle can be perfect and imperfect.
8 The participle in writing is separated by commas 9 Not with gerunds is written separately, except for those that are not used without not
10 The participle in a sentence is a circumstance.
Let's check your knowledge base (slide 3)
Game "Do you believe?"
№1- №2+ №3+ №4+ №5-
№6- №7+ №8+ №9+ №10+
Raise your hands, who wrote on "5", "4"? Give the numbers of the questions where you made mistakes.
What task caused the problem? What does it say?
So who guessed what topic we will study today? (Slide 4)
State the purpose of the lesson. (Slide 4)
Learn about education...
Develop skill correctly…… and……..
Why and where is this topic useful?
What is the difference between the perfect participle and the imperfect participle?
II. Understanding stage
Learning new material.
1Independent work. We storm the 2nd height.
Try to form gerunds from verbs. (Slide 5). Highlight the suffixes with which gerunds are formed.
nonsov. species verb (what are they doing?) ger. mismatch(doing what?)
owl verb(what to do?) ger. owl species(what having done)
Shout, draw, freeze, freeze
Underline the stem of each verb. Divide adverbs into stem and suffix. Let's draw conclusions and make a reference table.
2Compilation of a cluster (work in pairs with scientific texts)
FORMATION OF GENERAL PARTICIPLES
| Participles | Verb stem | Suffixes | Examples |
| imperfect kind | present time | breathe - breathe |
|
| looking - watching |
|||
| Uchi, -yuchi) (rare) | will - being, play - effortlessly |
||
| perfect look | infinitive | do - done |
|
| rise - rising |
|||
| bring - bring |
|||
| ! Some verbs do not form gerunds. For example: protect, rub [burn, twist, plow, guard, smear, reap, beat, knit, and whose, pour, knead |
|||
And now open the textbooks on pages 103,105 and compare our conclusions and the conclusions of the textbook.
3 Inner and outer circle. Students form two circles: inner and outer. Children stand facing each other and ask each other questions on the topic covered. Students from the outer circle move around and create new pairs. The same work with questions continues
Each student has cards of three colors of traffic lights. The teacher asks the students to show signals with cards indicating their understanding or lack of understanding of the material, then he asks the students to answer the questions:
To the students who raised the green cards (everyone understood):
– What did you understand?
To students who raised yellow or red cards:
- What do you not understand?
4Physminutka
LOWERING ARMS AT THE SEAMS,
Shoulders up LIFTING,
Case to the left TILTING,
Then to the right BENDING,
SHAKING YOUR HEAD,
NOdding and sighing...
RESTING a little together,
Let's say you need to work.
5. Consolidation of the studied material.
From the words of the physical minute, write out the participles, determine their type, explain how they were formed.
Put marks in the control sheet 8 gerunds - " 5 » 6-7 – « 4 " 5 - " 3 "less than 5 -" 2 "(slide 7)
Work according to the textbook exercise224 p104
III stage of reflection.
Guys, what do you think, what role do participles play in our speech.
The participles have rich expressive possibilities. These properties are widely used by poets and writers in their works.
The use of gerunds helps the poet to create visible, vivid, memorable images.
Therefore, they are very often used in poetic and prose texts. I suggest you check it out.
Research work in groups. (Working with texts)
Here are excerpts from the poems of great poets! Read excerpts from poems, complete the tasks:
-Insert the missing words stia, determine their type.
-Perform their word-formation analysis.
- Graphically designate participles and participles, insert the missing punctuation marks.
Compare the original with the text without gerunds and determine the role of the gerunds in this passage, write a short discussion about it. (slide 8)
1. F.I. Tyutcheva "Winter is angry for a reason":
Wicked witch pissed off
And snow...
Got off...
Beautiful child...
2. F.I. Tyutcheva "Spring Thunderstorm":
I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
How would ... and ...,
Rumbles in the blue sky...
3. A.S. Pushkin "Winter! .. Peasant, triumphant ...":
Winter! .. Peasant, ...,
On firewood, updates the path;
His horse, snow ...,
Trotting somehow...
4. S.A. Yesenina "The golden grove dissuaded":
The golden grove dissuaded
Birch cheerful language,
And the cranes, sadly....
No more regrets...
Words for reference: smelling, triumphant, flying, frolicking, playing, capturing, running away
Vzaicheckup.. Evaluation of work according to the criteria:
0 errors - "5" 1-2 errors - "4" 3-4 errors - "3" More than 5 errors - "2"
Record the result in the control sheet (put a mark).
1. F.I. Tyutcheva “Winter is angry for a reason”:
Wicked witch pissed off
And, capturing the snow,
Started running away
Beautiful child...
2. F.I. Tyutcheva “Spring Thunderstorm”:
I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
As if frolicking and playing,
Rumbles in the blue sky...
3. A.S. Pushkina “Winter!.. Peasant, triumphant…”:
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood, updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow...
4. S.A. Yesenina “The golden grove dissuaded”:
The golden grove dissuaded
Birch cheerful language,
And cranes, sadly flying.
No more regrets...
Working with signal cards
Green color - there is such a participle; red - there is no such word.
Taking care, sleeping, circling, weaving, coming up, decorating, tearing, rotting, reading, hating, drinking, knowing, could, could, lying, observing, taking away, climbing, smearing, plowing, sitting, washing, offending, burning, sniffing, driving, smearing.
To summarize the work: it is impossible to form gerunds imperfect form:
from verbs whose roots consist of only vowels: beat - beat, sew - sew, burn - burn, wait - wait, lie - lie, pour, drink, etc. Excl.: rush - rush → rushing.
from verbs with the basis of the present tense on g, k, x (verbs on - CH) : protect - shore, be able - can, guard, flow, burn, bake, cut.
from verbs to -NUT (with the suffix -nu-): smell - smell, bend - bend, get wet - get wet, pull - pull, go out - go out, etc.
from most verbs with the stem of the present tense to hissing: write - write, cut - cut, etc.
from verbs: grow, climb, run, knit, etc.
. Game "Lost Proverbs".
It is necessary to restore the proverb, find the participle, determine the type.
Without giving a word, be strong .... .... do not cry for hair.
Not knowing the ford, ... .... yes, and a fur coat in the oven.
Angry at the fleas... ....and then hold on.
Having removed his head, ... ... .losing crying.
What we have we do not store…. ….don't stick your head in the water.
The final part of the lesson
Our lesson flew by
The bell will ring soon.
Everyone worked, not lazy,
Without delay and without haste
They spoke smiling
Answered without hesitation
They took an active part in the work.
Say thank you gerund.
I invite everyone to evaluate their contribution to the achievement of the goals set at the beginning of the lesson, their activity, work efficiency and calculate the points.
IV Grading. Evaluation of work according to the criteria: 25 points - "5" 20 points - "4" 15 points - "3"
V . Reflection. Hands": Trace the left palm of your hand on the paper.
Each finger is some kind of position on which you need to express your opinion:
Big - for me it was important and interesting …..
Indicative - on this issue I received (a) specific information ....
Intermediate - it was difficult for me ... ..
Nameless - my assessment of the psychological atmosphere ... ..
Little finger - for me it was not enough ......
This reflection will help me specifically understand what we still need to work on. Thank you!
VI. Homework : 1 compose a text about the daily routine, using the perfect and imperfect participles. 2 exercise 233 on page 106.
Exercise 5.From the verbs below, form imperfect participles, mark the suffixes:
Freeze, feel, be silent, enjoy, spread out. With 2-3 gerunds, compose and write sentences. Exercise 6.From the verbs given below, form the past tense and the perfect participle. Designate graphically the suffixes of verbs and participles.
Build, hear, curl, melt. Exercise 8
. Find sentences with gerunds and participles. Why are other designs not included? Place punctuation marks. 1) Returning to the hotel, he went to bed. 2) He did his job carelessly. 3) Tanya walked down the street without hurrying. 4) Petya walked with his hands in his pockets. 5) It is harmful to read lying down. 6) Seryozha was silent, listening to something. 7) Semyonov reluctantly closed the book. 8) The children silently listened to the story. 9) The lazy one is sitting asleep. 10) When thinking about the future, do not forget about the present. 11) Nina agreed to help me reluctantly. 12) The friends talked for an hour without stopping. 13) Natasha left the director's office hanging her nose. Exercise 9
(V. Peskov) (D. Likhachev) (R. Kazakova) (B. Pasternak) (I. Pavlov) (I. Goff) 8) And he, waking up, sang. 9) Lanskoy calmed down, offering his evidence. 10) Often, looking at a person, you imagine his house. Exercise 10
. 1) Speaking at the concert, the audience listened attentively to the performer. 2) Willows grow near the water, leaning towards it. 3) Expecting victory, she was overcome with excitement. 4) Seeing his father, Seryozha smiled. 5) Upon entering the bus, it suddenly began to snow. 6) Having watched an interesting film to the end, evening came. 7) Approaching the forest, a wolf suddenly jumped out. 8) Waking up from the noise, I saw our dog in front of me.
From the basis of verbs n. f. owls. species with the help of suffixes - in, - shi, - a (- ya). (Suffix - lice is more used in colloquial speech)
1)
freeze - freeze - freeze (suf-at, -in, -i,)
feel - feeling - feeling (-at, -in, -i)
be silent - silent - silent (-at, -lice, -I)
enjoy - enjoying - enjoying (-at, -I, -lice)
spread out - spread out - spread out. (-at, -I, -lice)
He sat frozen in fear, trying not to move.
The ship was stormy, the silent waves tossed it from side to side
We always rejoice, feeling the approach of spring, because we want warmth.
She played the violin beautifully, enjoying the music, he imagined how well they would be together.
It was already noon, and the spreading fog did not think to dissipate.
2) Build, build, hear, hear, curl, melt, melt.
3) Exercise 8 . 1) Returning to the hotel, he went to bed. 2) He was doing his business, carelessly. 3) Tanya walked down the street slowly. (no turn) 4) Petya walked with his hands in his pockets. 5) It is harmful to read lying down. (no turn) 6) Seryozha was silent, listening to something. 7) Semyonov reluctantly closed the book. 8) The children silently listened to the story. (no turnover) 9) Lazy sitting asleep. 10) When thinking about the future, do not forget about the present. 11) Nina agreed to help me reluctantly. 12) The friends talked for an hour without stopping. 13) Natasha left the director's office, hanging her nose. Exercise 9 . Determine whether gerunds and participles are used in one-part or two-part sentences. In what types of one-part sentences did they occur? 1) They breed dogs in the city, tempted by their rare beauty. (V. Peskov) 2) Losing local features, Novgorod culture acquires nationwide features. (D. Likhachev) 3) Leaving a foreign country, I look at it doomedly. (R. Kazakova) 4) Noticing my awakening, my grandmother smiled. 5) We moved the furniture, freeing the hall. (B. Pasternak) 6) Never take on the next one without finishing the previous one. (I. Pavlov) 7) Reading these pages, one involuntarily recalls Chekhov. (I. Goff) 8) And he, waking up, sang. 9) Lanskoy calmed down, offering his evidence. 10) Often, looking at a person, you imagine his house. Exercise 10 . Find sentences in which mistakes are made in the use of adverbial phrases. Fix them. 1) Speaking at the concert, the audience listened attentively to the performer. 2) Willows grow near the water, leaning towards it. 3) Expecting victory, she was overcome with excitement. 4) Seeing his father, Seryozha smiled. 5) Upon entering the bus, it suddenly began to snow. 6) Having watched an interesting film to the end, evening came. 7) Approaching the forest, a wolf suddenly jumped out. 8) Waking up from the noise, I saw our dog in front of me.
Imperfect gerunds are formed from the stem of the present tense of imperfective verbs with the help of the suffix -a- (i): they say: speaking + i = speaking, teach: uch + a = teaching, rejoice: glad + i + s = rejoicing.
The following verbs do not form imperfect participles:
- if the base consists of only consonants: tinder, press, weave, lie, sew, drink, pour (the exception is rushing - rushing);
- if the stem ends in posterior lingual r, k: run, cherish, shear, bake, flog, etc .;
- if the stem of the present tense ends in hissing, and the indefinite form ends in z, s, cm, x: knit - knit, smear - smear, amuse - hew, write - write, dance - dance, whip - whip, whistle - whistle, plow - plow;
- if the base with the suffix -nu-: smell, freeze, dry;
- gerunds are not formed from the verbs to go, to fight, to climb, to sing, to want.
Perfective gerunds are usually formed from the stems of the infinitive of perfective verbs using the suffixes -v- (after the vowel), -vosh- (after the vowel), -shi- (after the consonant): read: read + в = having read; disappear: disappear + lice = disappeared.
Reflexive forms of gerunds are formed only with the help of suffixes -lice-, -shi-: embracing, being afraid, chasing, locking themselves. The suffix -in- is not used.
From a small group of verbs with a stem into consonants and into -it, perfect participles are formed using the suffix -а- (-я-), which is attached to the basis of the simple future tense: read - read (owl. v.), see - see ( owls. v.), forgive - saying goodbye (sov. v.).
Such gerunds, as a rule, have parallel formations with typical suffixes of perfective gerunds: -v-, -lice-, -shi-: they will see - having seen, having seen; say goodbye - say goodbye, say goodbye. These participles are called two-participle.
Formation of gerunds
Imperfect participles designate pending additional action e, which occurs simultaneously with the action expressed by the verb-predicate: looking at this photo, I remembered a lot .
Imperfect participles are formed from the stem of the present tense of the verb using the suffix a- (–I-). Suffix - a- written after hissing, suffix - I- in all other cases ( breathing, holding, walking, laughing). From the verb to be, the imperfect participle is formed with the help of the suffix - teach (Being visiting, I met interesting people ).
NOTE! From some gerund verbs of the imperfect form not formed :beat, tear, sew, burn, wait, lie, write, whip, cut. Similar gerunds are not formed from verbs on - whose (save, be able to, guard, flow and others,), from verbs with the suffix - well- (fade, fade, fade, fade and etc.).
2. Perfect participles
Perfect participles designate completed extra action , which takes place before the start of the action expressed by the verb-predicate ( Seeing me, my friend came up to me ).
Perfective gerunds are usually formed from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb with the help of suffixes in, –lice–, –shi– (reading, laughing, shutting up ). With the help of suffixes lice(съ) and - shea(s) gerunds are formed from reflexive verbs ( having washed). To the suffix in return suffix - Xia (–camping) is not attached. With the suffix - shea gerunds are formed from verbs with a stem into a consonant: expire - expired, bring - bring, climb - climb .
In some verbs, the perfective participles are formed with suffixes - a- (–I-) meeting, returning, frowning, acquiring, reading, coming and others. In parallel, there are gerunds from these verbs with suffixes in the language - in, –lice–, –shi– (meeting, returning, tuning in, coming, saying goodbye, acquiring and etc.). If there are double forms, gerunds with the suffix - a- (–I-) as less cumbersome.
3. Formation of gerunds
4. Need to remember!
Indulge in - indulge in. Slander th - slander. Start - start. Take away - taking away. Rust - rusting. Renounce - renounce. Understand - understanding. Accept - accepting. Twitter th - twitter. Tickle th - tickling. Scoop th - scooping. Raise - lift.
Lesson summary " Perfect and imperfect participles«.