Amur tiger with beautiful. Amur (Ussuri) tiger photo. Relationships with people
The Amur tiger (Far Eastern or Siberian tiger) is larger than all living cats, it is only rivaled by Bengal relatives. The beast stands at the peak of the ecological pyramid, the main structural element which are the boundless expanses of the Ussuri taiga.
Perhaps that is why this predator has another name that reflects its place of residence - Ussurian tiger. The animal belongs to the genus Panthera, species Tigris. Complete Latin name individuals - Panthera tigris altaica.
Native people Far East The Evenki called the beast "Amba", which in translation into Russian means "huge" or "great". Books and fairy tales have been written about the Amur tiger, some of them have been filmed (the film "Dersu Uzala", the cartoon "Tiger Cub on a Sunflower").
Distribution area
Once the Far Eastern tiger was widespread throughout the Far East, but now the range of the predator is limited. southern part Khabarovsk Territory, Primorsky Krai, northern and eastern regions China. Distribution is patchy total area occupies a little more than 180 thousand km 2.
The Ussuri region, where the Amur tiger lives, is characterized by extreme climatic conditions with very cold winter and hot, rainy summers, has a mountainous relief, rich various forms vegetation. The Amur tiger mainly lives in cedar forests and oak thickets, sometimes it chooses forests near floodplains as habitat. lowland rivers or broad-leaved forest land.
Preference for some territories and ignoring others is due to the abundance and availability of the main prey. For their movements, predators use mountain gorges and river valleys, where the highest concentration of ungulates is observed.
Appearance
In life and in the photo, the Amur tiger looks like a real giant, inspiring a sense of fear, admiration and respect at the same time. Massive and heavy addition gives the impression of the sluggishness of a predator. But that's not the case at all. Its body is elongated, has an aerodynamic profile and is quite flexible.
- The average weight of the Amur tiger is 180 - 200 kg, females weigh about 160 kg. Adult males sometimes grow to enormous sizes and gain weight from 220 to 320 kg.
- In males, the length of the body along the bends reaches 280 cm, in females this figure is in the range of 180 - 200 cm. The height of the animals at the withers is 115 cm.
- The predator has a large and massive head, well-developed jaws, sharp fangs up to 8 cm in length. On the sides of the muzzle are elongated tanks, on the neck - a small mane.
- Eyes set deep, yellow - Green colour, with round pupils, very small.
- The whiskers are long, elastic, helping the predator to navigate in the dark, determine the direction of the wind, the nature and temperature of the surface.
- The ears are relatively small, inside they have a white edge, painted black at the back.
- The tail is wide at the base, narrow at the very end. The length of the tail is 75 - 100 cm. By its position, one can judge the mood of the beast. When it is in a calm state, the tail is lowered, its end is smoothly bent upwards. Rhythmic movements made by the tail in different directions indicate a bad mood of the owner and do not bode well.
- The forelimbs of the predator are wider and heavier than the hind limbs. The claws on the paws are retractable.
- Long and thick hair, a thick layer of fat on the abdomen (up to 5 cm thick) protect the animal from low temperatures let you sleep in the snow.
The description of the Amur tiger in summer differs from its description in winter:
- Summer fur has a brighter and more saturated main color, it is dominated by reddish-red shades. The length of the pile on the back does not exceed 2 cm, on the belly 3 cm, on the top of the neck 3.5-5 cm.
- What does the Amur tiger look like in winter time, gives it a particularly chic and noble look. The winter skin is more fluffy and dense, has a light palette, consists of ocher-yellow shades. On the muzzle of tigers, elongated sideburns are clearly visible, males can boast of a luxurious mane. The pile on the abdomen and chest reaches a length of 6 to 10 cm, on the back and tail up to 5 cm, along the top of the neck it lengthens to 7-11 cm. The belly, the area near the eyes, the inner surface of the paws is painted White color. The pattern on the coat consists of stripes of different widths and lengths, individual for each individual. The stripes are not often located, they are fewer in number than in other subspecies. Usually they are narrow and long, often double or bifurcate at the very ends. Often there are strips of lentil shape with a sharp end. The stripes on the back are black, at the base of the tail, on the sides, paws have a brown tint. The tail is decorated with double dark rings, ending with a black spot. The pattern on the wool is better seen on the summer fur.
Behavioral Features
An adult Amur tiger lives in a separate area, within the boundaries of which he marks his presence with marks - spraying urine, notches on fallen tree trunks, loosening the soil or snow. Males lead a solitary existence, females need to take care of their offspring.
Amur tigers have the most impressive size of hunting grounds, which is explained by a very small amount of the main prey. The average size The territory of an adult tiger is 1000 km 2, females occupy areas up to 400 km 2.
The animal runs fast, swims well, young age climbs trees perfectly, distinguishes colors, sees five times at night better than a man. It easily overcomes up to 20 km per day, jumps 10 meters in length, 4-5 meters in height, develops top speed up to 18 - 20 meters per second. The predator is predictable, almost always roaming the already trodden paths.
Despite a well-developed sense of smell, hearing and vision and immeasurable strength, hunting takes a lot of energy and time from the Amur tiger. Of the ten attempts to strike the victim, only one ends in success. The animal crawls to the intended target, resting its hind limbs on the ground and arching its back, overtaking it with a lightning-fast jump. Big game knocks down and breaks the neck.
He eats lying down, holding the trophy with his paws. He hides the remnants of the feast in a secluded place, returns to them for several days in a row. To maintain a normal shape, a tiger needs to eat at least 10 kg of meat feed per day. The annual ration consists of 50 - 70 animals large sizes.
Nutrition
The animal is able to quickly reorient itself from one type of food to another. The main place in the diet is occupied by ungulate mammals. The size of the prey often exceeds the size of the predator. Red and sika deer, wild boar, roe deer, bear can become a potential victim. The list of what the Amur tiger eats also includes fruits of plants, reptiles, rodents, birds, and fish. late spring and in summer the predator preys on Ussuri raccoons and common badgers.
Relationships with people
The Far Eastern subspecies avoids direct contact with humans, showing aggression only in special situations. More than half of the individuals seen in the attacks were previously injured by a person or were persecuted, a fifth of the animals were exhausted or weakened. Between 2000 and 2010 in the territory Russian Federation 19 episodes of tiger attacks on humans were recorded, two of them ended lethal outcome. Every year, isolated cases of the attack of the beast on livestock and dogs are recorded.
Reproduction and care of offspring
The female can have offspring at any time of the year, but most often this occurs in the summer. When favorable conditions for mating come, she often has to go herself in search of a male. The animal deliberately leaves notches on trees and urinary marks. If the search is successful, the predators stay together for several days and mate many times. With the onset of pregnancy, the period of romantic relationships ends, and the father goes in search of new adventures.
Pregnancy lasts three and a half to four months. The tigress chooses a place for a brood shelter. Usually it rises to the upper third of the slopes and settles in stony placers. The classic litter consists of three cubs. Babies are born blind, open their eyes in the second week of life. The mother feeds the cubs with milk for up to six months.
Preparing for adulthood takes a long time. Young tigers live with their mother for the first years. The family group breaks up when the cubs reach two years of age.
AT wild nature animals live up to 15 years, in zoos - up to 20 years.
Population status
population Amur tigers living in vivo, one of the lowest in the population. If in the second half of the 19th century the animal was quite often found in nature and even had commercial value, then already at the beginning of the 20th century, reports of the Amur tiger became quite rare.
By the mid-forties of the last century, the subspecies was under threat complete disappearance, its number was no more than 40 individuals.
After the introduction of a universal ban on the shooting of animals (decree of 1947), the situation improved somewhat. By 1996, the number of animals increased to 450 individuals; in 2005, there were already 502 individuals. In the population structure of the subspecies, 28% were occupied by tiger cubs and young predators up to three years, a quarter of the population was represented by adult males, 39% of all individuals were females, 7% of predators could not be attributed to any of these groups.
The 2015 census brings a certain amount of optimism to further fate subspecies, because the population of Amur tigers is slowly but surely increasing. The number of predators, according to scientists, is approaching 540 individuals. Of these, from 5 to 10% live in China, the remaining 90 - 95% are concentrated along the banks of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, not far from the Sikhote-Alin mountain ranges. There are over 450 Amur tigers in captivity.
Security measures
According to sad statistics, only in 17 - 28% of cases the predator dies from natural causes. The remaining cases of death of a tiger occur as a result of poaching. The organs of the animal are used in oriental medicine, the wealthy population seeks to acquire an exotic animal for keeping in a private zoo. The price of the Amur tiger in illegal markets often reaches exorbitant figures. The exact number of predators that fell victim to human greed, cruelty and stupidity is not known.
Population reduction is facilitated by uncontrolled deforestation, expansion of the road network, industrial development territories, forcing the predator out of its habitual habitat. A significant role is played by a decrease in the food supply and an increase in the number of food competitors.
The Amur tiger is listed in the Red Book and is under state protection. Russian scientists have developed a long-term program for the conservation of the subspecies. The main action plan includes the protection of Amur tigers from poachers, increased liability for illegal hunting, and the use of animal skins and organs for commercial purposes. Special Complex measures aimed at preserving the habitats and food base of the predator, the introduction the latest technologies to the population monitoring system.
Rare and endangered animals - the Amur tiger and live on the territory of the Ussuriysky Reserve and national park"Land of the Leopard" Employees of protected areas maintain the food base of animals, protect taiga lands from forest fires and poachers, with the help special equipment conduct constant monitoring of animals, register Interesting Facts and events from their lives, monitor the state of health.
The Amur tiger is one of the most unique representatives feline, deserving special attention and respect from a person. Let's look and talk about the Amur tiger. Amur, he is also the Ussuri or Far Eastern tiger, also called the Siberian tiger. ( 16 photos)
The first thing I want to note is the fact that the Amur tiger is the only subspecies of the tiger that lives in cold climate zone where frosts sometimes reach -40 °C.
The Amur tiger lives in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, as well as several individuals live in China, since their habitat is concentrated directly on the border. In total, about 450 individuals have been recorded in the world in the wild, about the same number are kept in zoos and circuses.
Expensive skin and the prestige of hunting for the Amur tiger did their job. The Amur tiger has been listed in the Red Book as an endangered species since 2007. Fortunately, numerous methods for the conservation and protection of animals have helped to maintain the population and even slightly increase it.
The color of the Amur tiger is somewhat different from the usual color, for example. The Amur tiger is somewhat lighter and has a large White spot on the belly, covering the entire abdomen and inside paws.
The weight of an adult male can reach 300 kg. This is one of the largest representatives of the cat. Body length about - 220 cm without tail. The paws are small, the body is elongated, the head is massive, the front paws and chest are large.
The Amur tiger is one of the few animals that can distinguish colors! Sees almost perfectly at night, better than during the day. Therefore, it leads mainly night image life.
Tigers hunt wild boars, deer, roe deer and other ungulates, sometimes lynxes. Ussuri tigers are also good fishermen; during spawning they can eat fish. And if the year is completely hungry, then they do not disdain frogs, lizards, rodents.
Tigers lead an exceptionally solitary lifestyle. Only a mother raises her cubs for some time, teaches them to hunt and that's all. Cases of attacks on humans are extremely rare, one might even say that they are almost non-existent. Because if something like that happened, it was in the form of a bayak or funny stories. On the contrary, the Amur tiger tries in every possible way to avoid contact with humans. Humanity also knows many stories when a tiger helped and saved the life of a helpless person in the taiga.
The length of the body of males to the tip of the tail reaches 2.7-3.8 meters, in females it is less. Height at the withers up to 115 cm, weight 160-270 kg. The Amur tiger is capable of reaching speeds of up to 80 km/h in the snow!
Among some peoples of the Far East, the Amur tiger is an object of worship. The Amur tiger is depicted on the emblem and flag of Primorsky Krai. And in China, the death penalty is imposed for the murder of this unique animal.
Proud and beautiful - the Amur tiger and his photographs.
Ussuri, Far Eastern, Amur - all these definitions refer to a subspecies of one tiger that lives on the territory of Primorsky Krai.
This large representative of the cat family has overtaken the lion in size, and sometimes weighs more than 200 kg. Such a mass and size do not prevent the tiger from moving silently in the taiga, sometimes reaching speeds of up to 50 km / h, since it has soft and wide fur pads on its paws that do not allow it to fall into a snowdrift.
A thick layer of fat placed on the stomach also helps to survive in the winter in the taiga, which saves from the cold and piercing wind.
The Amur tiger loves loneliness, which is different from most cats; the tiger closely monitors its territory and is ready to defend it at any moment. I note that sometimes the property area exceeds 500 km2. sq., the tiger marks the boundaries of possessions, scratching tree trunks. The Ussuri not only controls its own territory, but also closely monitors the marks of other animals.
Two individuals of different sexes converge only for the purpose of procreation. The "honeymoon" in these animals lasts from 5 to 7 days, after which the male leaves the female.
Tigers have special greeting sounds that are produced when the animal vigorously inhales air through the mouth and nose at the same time. Another way to show friendliness may be to touch the head, muzzle or sides of another animal.
Amur tiger cubs.
The Amur tiger is one of the animals that are listed in the Red Book of Russia, since today there are only 450 representatives of this species left. But this does not stop the hunters of Russia. Perhaps we need to follow the example of China and introduce the death penalty for killing these animals so that people finally begin to think about nature.
Video: Ussuri tiger: dangers and realities. Yuri Darman, director of the Amur branch of WWF Russia, tells.
The Amur tiger is one of the most rare species predators. Back in the 19th century there were quite a lot of them. However, due to poachers in the 30s of the twentieth century, the species was on the verge of extinction. At that time in the territory Soviet Union only 50 left.
During the expedition of 2008-2009, a special expedition "Amur Tiger" took place. So, it was found that there were only 6 tigers within the boundaries of the Ussuriysky Reserve.
Description of the species
The Amur tiger belongs to the class of mammals. In fact, it is one of the largest representatives of predators on the planet, because its mass can reach up to 300 kilograms. Moreover, according to some reports, during the period of their large population there were animals of this species that weighed almost 400 kg. It goes without saying that these are no longer to be found.
The physical capabilities of this type of predator are also impressive - a tiger can easily carry prey weighing half a ton on itself. The speed of movement can reach up to 80 km / h, and in this indicator it is second only to the cheetah.
It should also be noted appearance this animal. Like other predators of this class, it has a color in the form of a red background and white transverse stripes. It should be noted that in this case, this color also plays a camouflage role - in order to get prey, the tiger needs to get extremely close to it, and this color helps in this, since it simply merges with dry vegetation.
Tiger food
The predator eats only meat and most often it is prey of a fairly large size. Generally, most The Amur tiger spends time searching for prey. wild boars, wapiti, deer - this is the main diet of a predator. For proper nutrition, they need about 50 ungulates per year. However, if the animal lacks large prey, then it does not disdain small ones - livestock, badgers, hares, and so on. At one time, a tiger can eat about 30 kilograms of meat, but the average portion is 10 kilograms.
Lifestyle
No matter how formidable this animal is, nevertheless, the habits that are inherent in all cats cannot be taken away from it. The tiger prefers loneliness - he enters the pack, he also goes to prey alone. The Amur tiger leaves its territory only if it needs to catch big booty. Also on its territory, the predator leaves special marks:
- peels off the bark on trees;
- leaves scratches;
- splashes of urine on vegetation or stones.
The male defends his territory quite rigidly - uninvited guests the tiger is simply trying to destroy, but with representatives of its own species, the conflict is trying to be eliminated through a formidable roar. A fight for the Amur tiger is an extreme measure. Moreover, for several years he can live in complete silence.
Individuals breed twice a year. The tiger is by nature a polygamous animal, so it can keep several females on its territory at once. If another tiger claims them, then even a fight is possible.
Place of residence
resides this species predator in the southeastern territory of Russia, the banks of the Amur River, in Manchuria and even in the territory of the DPRK. The largest number tigers resides at this moment in the region of the Lazovsky district, which is in the Primorsky Territory.
A comfortable area for a tiger to live in is a river Mountain landscape with trees such as oak and cedar. An adult tiger can live on an area of up to 2,000 square kilometers without any problems and with maximum comfort. The female can single-handedly inhabit areas up to 450 square kilometers.
Reasons for the disappearance
Of course, the main reason why the number of the Amur tiger has practically vanished is their moderate extermination by poachers. Tigers were killed up to a hundred a year, just to get a skin.
However, scientists who have studied this question, found out that the reason for the disappearance is not only mass shooting. The reasons for the disappearance could also be the following:
- critically insufficient number of food objects;
- intentional destruction of bushes and trees inhabited by Amur tigers.
It goes without saying that these two factors did not arise without human help.
What is happening with the Amur tigers now
Now this species of predators is listed in the Red Book as such, which is on the verge of extinction. Adults and calves are under strict protection in the territory protected areas. However, according to observations, it was found that the protected area may not be enough for them and they go beyond its limits, which is extremely dangerous.
Unfortunately, this is far from the only species of animals that have practically disappeared from the planet just because a person made his efforts. In this case, mass shooting because of the desire to cash in led to such extremely negative consequences.
Specialists in this field are making every effort to ensure that the population of the Amur tiger has increased. However, it is quite difficult for this predator to breed in captivity, so mass attempts do not always lead to success.
I bring to your attention a gallery of photos "Amur (Ussuri) tiger photo".
Beautiful photos from the life of tigers and not much information about this beautiful animal.
Let's start with its name. Amur tiger, Ussuri tiger, Far Eastern tiger - these are all names of one animal. And in order not to confuse readers, I will (in this article) call the tiger both Amur and Ussuri.
The Tungus call the tiger "taskh" or "amba". Amba means great, huge, big. Amba in Primorye is also called an evil spirit.
The Amur or Ussuri tiger lives in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories on the banks of the Amur and Ussuri. The main animal population is in Russia. China is home to no more than 10% of total tigers.
Since the Ussuri (Amur) tiger “lives” in such harsh (for tigers living in the tropics) conditions, its coat is thicker and longer, and the colors are not so bright. And besides, this is the only species of tiger that does not have a layer of fat. And this layer can be up to 5 centimeters thick. Pay attention to the ears. They are not big at all. And this is also because of the winter frosts.
Amur (Ussuri) tiger - very large predator. Long body (up to 3.8 m including the tail), high withers (up to 115 centimeters) and solid weight (up to 300 kg). And no wonder that such a predator is the real master of the taiga. The female controls the territory up to 500 square kilometers, and the male - up to 800. The tiger leaves his territory only in one case - there is not enough food in the controlled territory.
The tiger hunts mainly at night. And this is not surprising - the tiger, like all cats, sees perfectly at night. It must be said that even being such a formidable hunter, the tiger has to work very hard in order to "dine." adult requires about 7-10 kilograms of meat per day.
It is reliably known that the Amur (Ussuri) tiger never (almost never) attacks again. If the dinner managed to escape, then the tiger goes in search of a new victim, and does not pursue the "old" one.
The tiger very rarely attacks a person. Even in the taiga, he tries to avoid meeting and leaves.
This taiga handsome man lives, on average, about fifteen years.
That, perhaps, is all I wanted to say. And now a photo.