The phenomenon of social consciousness, its levels and forms. The structure of social consciousness, its main levels and forms
Structure public consciousness includes two levels:
1) social psychology, i.e. ordinary mass consciousness, formed empirically in the process of everyday everyday practice. This is largely a spontaneous, spontaneous reflection by people of the entire flow social life without any systematization social phenomena and discovering their deep essence.
2) scientific and theoretical consciousness, including ideology as a spiritual expression of the fundamental interests of social classes. At this level, social reality is reflected conceptually, in the form of theories, which is associated with active, active thinking, with the operation of concepts.
Theoretical consciousness is the comprehension of phenomena public life by discovering their essence and objective patterns of their development. Not all people act as subjects of theoretical consciousness, but only scientists, specialists, theorists in various fields of knowledge. Because of this, it appears as a higher, in comparison with the ordinary, level of O.S. Ordinary consciousness interacts with the theoretical one, developing and enriching itself at the same time. Forms O.S. represent various ways spiritual development of social life; there are six of them: political and legal consciousness, morality, religion, art and philosophy. Today, this list often also includes economic, natural-mathematical, engineering, medical, technological, environmental and other consciousness. Such an increase in the number of forms of O.S. is erroneous, it contradicts the criteria for the existence of these forms, namely: their conditionality by social being, its aspects; the presence of an ideological level in their content; their roles as prerequisites acc. ideol. relations.
Forms of O.S., their specificity differ from one another in terms of the subject of reflection (this is the main criterion for their selection; for example, legal consciousness includes mass and scientific views, ideas, assessments of the current or desired law), in forms, methods of reflection (for example, , science reflects the world in the form of concepts, theories, teachings; art - in the form of artistic images), according to its role in society. In the latter case we are talking that each form of O.S. characterized by def. a set of functions performed (cognitive, aesthetic, educational, ideological, regulation of people's behavior, preservation of spiritual heritage).
In the implementation of these functions, the significance in the life of society is manifested. OS, its forms, for all their dependence on social life, have relative independence, their own special patterns of development. The latter are manifested, firstly, in continuity, the existence of certain ideological traditions (for example, the development of philosophical, artistic and other ideas depends on the previously accumulated mental material). Secondly, in mutual influence various forms. All forms of social consciousness are interconnected and interact with each other, because those aspects of the life of society that are directly reflected in them interact with each other. Thus, social consciousness acts as a kind of integrity that reproduces the integrity of social life itself. Thirdly, in the backlog of O.S. from social being (because the spiritual ideas of people are characterized by a significant force of inertia, only the struggle between new and old ideas naturally leads to the victory of those that are caused by the decisive needs of a changed material life, a new being). Fourthly, in the social-class, ideological nature of the O.S., which, however, does not exclude universal human elements. Fifth, in the activity, the reverse influence of O.S. on society, its foundations (an idea becomes a material being when it takes possession of the masses).
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Topic: STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS, ITS LEVELS AND FORMS
Plan:
Introduction
1. Ordinary and theoretical consciousness
2. Social psychology and ideology
3. Forms of public consciousness
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the work is to consider the problem of social consciousness in philosophy, its levels and forms. The tasks set must be solved by singling out social consciousness as knowledge about society, in contrast to knowledge about nature and knowledge itself. Public consciousness is the spiritual life of society: the views and ideas of people, political, legal, moral and other theories. Social consciousness is determined by social being. It is formed by social connections and relationships, and its content is universal.
The task of philosophy is to provide a methodological key to the knowledge of those processes that take place in the minds of specific societies. In order to accomplish this task, philosophy must create some ideal model of social consciousness, the study of which makes it possible to develop methodological principles for the approach to its scientific analysis. Social consciousness is a complex, structural phenomenon, consisting of many elements, each of which has its own specifics.
Consciousness and being are the most general philosophical categories, the interpretation of which depends on the solution of the main question of philosophy. Social being and social consciousness are two interrelated aspects of the life of society. Social being is the economic, material life of people - the production of material goods and the relations that people enter into in the process of this production, and social consciousness is a reflection of social being.
The question of the relationship between these two categories is the question of what is the main, primary, determining factor in social life and what is derivative, dependent. The pre-Marxist interpretation of this problem boiled down to the fact that the development of society is determined precisely by spiritual life. Marx, on the other hand, believed that the nature of people's ideas, views, and ideas ultimately depends on the level of production of material goods, is determined by the position that people occupy in the system of social production.
Thus, consciousness is a function of the social system, its necessary moment. Society reproduces consciousness as an element very important for its existence. As a result, consciousness is both a condition for the existence of society and is conditioned by it.
In order to have an idea of the structure of social consciousness, it is necessary to single out the elements of its structure. Usually, the following levels are distinguished - everyday and theoretical consciousness, social psychology and ideology, as well as forms of social consciousness, which include political consciousness, legal consciousness, morality (morality), religion, art (aesthetic consciousness), science and philosophy. A relatively clear demarcation of the forms of social consciousness can be traced at its theoretical and ideological level, but at its ordinary psychological level there is no such clarity.
1 . COMMON AND THEORETICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Ordinary consciousness is a spontaneous way people realize their experience Everyday life. Individuals “repeat” at the level of everyday consciousness the content of their social existence, without using the means and methods of special cognitive activity. Therefore, it is apparently impossible to talk about the complete freedom of consciousness from society, about the absolute uniqueness and originality of each individual. It is impossible to live in society and be free from it.
Ordinary consciousness permeates the sphere of class, national, religious, professional, etc. relations. People belonging to one social group or another are forced, as it were, to automatically accept the "rules of its game." The spontaneously formed content of everyday consciousness plays the role of a kind of "lubricant" that facilitates the movement of the mechanism of social life. The content of this consciousness corresponds to the content of being, so people perceive the latter as the norm.
Theoretical consciousness is a reflection of the essential connections and patterns of social life and finds its expression in science and its other forms, since the latter also reproduce not external, but inside reality, requiring mediated theoretical knowledge.
AT real life theoretical and everyday consciousness are tightly interconnected, they mutually influence each other, but for philosophical analysis they should be singled out and isolated. A scientific concept in an everyday situation will prove to be just as untenable as an everyday concept in a scientific situation. Theoretical consciousness modifies, modifies, cultivates ordinary consciousness, but it is impossible to do without the latter. But at the same time, his conclusions will not always be fair, because his possibilities are limited by empirical generalizations.
Ordinary consciousness is a lower level of consciousness compared to the theoretical level, but this does not at all diminish its significance and importance for everyday life. However, if we consider from the standpoint of everyday consciousness issues that can be correctly resolved only from scientific and theoretical positions, then illusions and misconceptions arise in the public consciousness. In any case, social science must remain at the theoretical level so as not to lose its scientific status.
The division into everyday and theoretical levels is based on the opposition of the life-practical, unsystematized (although not completely spontaneous) and at the same time holistic understanding of life, and on the other hand, the composition of ideas that have undergone creative development and rational systematization. There is an opinion that everyday consciousness is something "inferior", "barbaric" spontaneous, which has no other objective reasons for its existence and development, except for the low culture of the masses. However, in reality, the overwhelming majority of the population of any state is more interested in what can be useful and reliable in everyday life.
The integrity of consciousness is one of the main indicators of its vitality. It is possible not to own any theoretical system, not to be familiar with philosophical constructions, and nevertheless not experience serious psychological inconveniences, if ordinary consciousness is internally conflict-free and harmonious. Ordinary consciousness is closer to everyday reality than its theoretical forms, so it more fully reflects the specifics of the situation. The experience of ordinary consciousness is the richness from which particular sciences, philosophy and art derive their content.
2 . PUBLIC PSYCHOLOGY AND IDEOLOGY
Social psychology is the emotional and emotional attitude of people to their position in society, expressed in the form of corresponding feelings and emotions. Like everyday consciousness, social psychology is formed spontaneously in the process of everyday life. practical life. The real position of people in society largely determines their state of mind. The need, deprivation and hardships of the struggle for survival give rise to spontaneous passionate hatred, embitter people towards each other, level moral values. Society can be manipulated by psychological impact to the masses. This is one of the functions of mass rallies and speeches, speakers suggestively acting on people. On the present stage a huge role in the psychological processing of public consciousness belongs to television and other media.
Social psychology plays a significant role in the field national relations. Representatives of this or that nation perceive national and ethnic features (traditions of life and culture, language, skin color, beauty of their women, etc.), the historical past of their people too emotionally - this is one of the reasons for national enmity. “Own*” is perceived here as good, and “foreign”, respectively, as bad. "Aliens" do not accept such an attitude, and become victims of aggressive nationalism.
The “exclusivity” of this or that nation, people, or some part of it, looks ridiculous in the eyes of the vast majority of people who are far from the epicenter of events and watch what is happening from the side, especially after some time.
Without taking into account universal values, the emotional perception of one's national identity leads to ethnocentrism, the opposition "we - they", within which negative qualities are attributed to all "foreigners". Social psychology, the emotional and psychological mood of the masses is the main factor in the success or failure of the implementation of economic, political and other transformations and reforms. At the level of social psychology, social reality is reflected directly, spontaneously.
Social psychology is a partial analogue of the ordinary level of consciousness, which presents a variety of scientific and non-scientific views and assessments, aesthetic tastes and ideas, mores and traditions, inclinations and interests, bizarre images of fantasy and logic. common sense. In social psychology, as a level of social consciousness, it is not knowledge in itself that dominates, but an assessment of reality, an attitude towards this knowledge. Social psychology expresses the interests of various social groups, including the emotional attitudes of an individual or a social group to certain phenomena of public life, the feelings and moods of people, social groups that accompany any public idea. Ordinary consciousness and social psychology, being on the same level of social consciousness, are closely intertwined and interact with each other.
The role of social psychology in social movements is extremely large, therefore, when developing any political strategy, it is very important to take into account social psychology - to study the mood of people, to be able to calculate their reaction to certain political actions.
Ideology is a set of political, legal, religious, ethical, aesthetic and philosophical views, ideas and theories. Being a part of social consciousness, ideology is determined by the conditions of the material life of society, reflects public relations. Ideology is complex spiritual education, which includes a certain theoretical basis, the programs of action arising from it and the mechanisms for the dissemination of ideological attitudes among the masses.
If social psychology emerges from daily activities people, the ideology is created by ideologues, social thinkers, politicians. Ideological concepts are the spiritual expression of certain social interests, but their creators-ideologists are not always aware of this and do not always belong to the class whose interests they express. The thinker, the ideologist theoretically expresses what the class comes to in a practical way. In ideology social groups aware of themselves, their place in society, their relationship to other groups.
In politics, "ideology" refers to a system of political beliefs and beliefs aimed at gaining and strengthening power. In this context, to achieve any goal, including the inspired false idea, all conceivable means are suitable. It can be noted here that at the present stage of its development, Russia found itself without an idea and without an ideology. Being a consequence of the breakdown of public consciousness, accompanying radical changes social order, such an "ideological emptiness" makes it difficult to develop not only the social system, but also the economy.
In any of its manifestations, social ideology is essentially or formally, correctly or falsely, but always associated with a reflection of the needs of the whole society, its goals, values, ideals, contradictions and ways to resolve them. As such, social ideology is necessary, obligatory for any society - class and non-class, - "open" - or "closed". For there is always a vital need for knowledge of the characteristics of the development of society, current problems and common tasks, stages social change and their specifics, prospects for social development.
Nowadays, some theorists (both in the West and in our country) came up with the idea of the end of ideology (“ideologization”). They associate this either with the "natural" falsity of ideology, or with the end of the confrontation between capitalism and socialism. However, ideology has always been, is and will be - as long as society exists as a "set of people" whose needs and interests it expresses.
3 . FORMS OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS
Forms of social consciousness include political ideology, legal consciousness (law), morality (morality), religion, science, art (aesthetic consciousness), philosophy and represent various ways of spiritual development of reality. The main criteria for their differentiation:
1. On the subject of reflection. For example, political consciousness reflects the attitude to power, the relationship between classes, nations, states. AT religious consciousness reflects the dependence of man on supernatural, divine forces.
2. By means of reflection. For example, science reflects reality in concepts, hypotheses, theories, etc., art - in artistic images, religion - in church dogmas, etc.
3. According to the peculiarities of their development. For example, science is characterized by the progress of knowledge, but in art, progress cannot serve as the main indicator of its development.
4. According to the social functions they perform. For example, science has cognitive and practical functions - as a source of means for changing nature, society and man himself; art performs aesthetic, cognitive and educational functions.
The above main features together provide an opportunity to separate one form of social consciousness from another. At the same time, each subsequent sign does not stand apart, but, as it were, includes the previous ones, therefore, a holistic criterion for distinguishing individual forms of social consciousness is formed from them.
Closely intertwined, the forms of social consciousness interact with each other, influence each other. A historical approach is necessary to such interaction, and to the forms proper, because each historical type of social consciousness is characterized by special type interactions of its forms. If, for example, in the era of feudalism, religion was the dominant form of social consciousness, and all other forms of consciousness either obeyed religion, or gravitated towards it to one degree or another (morality, art), then in modern society political, legal consciousness, science come to the fore.
As a result, we see that each of the forms of social consciousness reflects a certain side of reality: political ideology reflects interclass relations, relations between nations and states, morality reflects the relationship of people to each other, the relationship of a person to a team, etc. In addition , each form of social consciousness has its own special means or ways of reflection. Art reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images, science - in concepts and laws, etc. Forms of social consciousness are generated by the material life of society. For example, science arises from the practical needs of material production: to solve problems related to orientation on land and sea, for measuring land plots, the construction of buildings needed information on astronomy, geometry, mechanics. Political and legal views arise only with the formation of the state.
An analysis of the forms of social consciousness and attempts to distinguish them are of methodological importance for the study of the social consciousness of specific societies, since in real life all these forms and levels are closely related to each other.
When studying them, one should proceed from the specific historical nature of social consciousness: being an expression of the interests of well-defined social groups, it changes its content from era to era, while maintaining its power functions in relation to the consciousness of the individual.
Social consciousness, its forms have a certain independence in relation to social being, their own special patterns of development. The latter appear:
a) in continuity, preserving the positive content of its historical early forms in a “removed”, transformed form;
b) in mutual influence, interaction of all forms of social consciousness;
c) lagging behind the latter from social life or being ahead of it;
d) in the ideological (to varying degrees) nature of the forms of social consciousness, which, however, does not exclude universal human elements;
e) in the active reverse influence of social consciousness on social being.
CONCLUSION
In the early stages of the development of society, public consciousness was formed under the direct influence of being, in the future this influence became more and more indirect, and the reverse effect of social consciousness on being, on the contrary, becomes more and more direct.
From what is stated in the abstract, we can conclude that public consciousness is the view of people in their totality on the objective world, on social reality, expressed in natural or artificial language, creations of spiritual culture, social norms and views.
The following levels are usually distinguished in the structure of public consciousness - ordinary and theoretical consciousness, social psychology and ideology, as well as forms of social consciousness, which include political ideology, legal consciousness, morality, religion, art, science and philosophy. The fact that social consciousness appears in various forms, gives it diversity, multicolor, multidimensionality, testifies to its richness. To this it should be added that the levels and forms of consciousness intersect mutually. For example, the ideological aspect is present in all forms of consciousness, and in the political consciousness it is decisive. The same can be said about social psychology, which is present in one way or another in various forms of social consciousness, giving them an appropriate emotional coloring.
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In the structure of social consciousness, three interrelated levels are usually distinguished: ordinary, social psychology and social ideology, as well as forms of social consciousness, which include political ideology, legal consciousness, morality ( moral consciousness), art (aesthetic consciousness), religion, science and philosophy:
1. Ordinary consciousness arises spontaneously in the process of everyday practice, as a direct reflection of the external ("domestic") side of people's life and is not aimed at finding the truth.
2. Public psychology- emotional attitude people to their social being, also formed spontaneously in people's daily lives. Its specificity and patterns are being studied social psychology. Social psychology includes unsystematized feelings and ideas of people, primarily about their emotional life, certain states and some mental characteristics. It is the prevailing mood of feelings and ideas in a given social group (“socio-psychological atmosphere”), in a given country, in a particular society.
3. Public ideology - conceptual and theoretical reflection of social life, expressed in forms of thinking (concepts, judgments, theories, concepts, etc.). Taken as a whole, it is defined as a system of political, legal, moral, aesthetic, religious and philosophical views, in which people's attitude to social reality is recognized and evaluated.
Thus, social ideology is a systematic, theoretical substantiation, a spiritual expression of the interests of various social groups or communities. Ideology is a complex spiritual formation, which includes a certain theoretical basis, programs of action arising from it, and mechanisms for the dissemination of ideological attitudes among the masses.
In any of its manifestations, it is essentially or formally, correct or false, but always connected with the needs of the whole society, is an expression of its goals, values, ideals, its programs, contradictions and ways to resolve them. As such, a social ideology is always necessary, obligatory for any society - class, non-class, "open", "closed", etc. She always was, is and will be. For there is always a vital need for knowledge of the characteristics of the development of society, current problems and common tasks, stages of social change and prospects for social development.
Nowadays, some theorists (both in the West and in our country) came up with the idea of the end of ideology (“pre-ideologization”). They associate this either with the "natural falsity" of the ideology, or with the end of the confrontation in the world of capitalism and socialism, or with its totalitarian class essence.
Forms of public consciousness are ways of spiritual development of reality. The main criteria for their differentiation:
1. On the subject of reflection - science and philosophy reflect reality, but at different conceptual and methodological levels (lower and higher).
2. By forms (types) of reflection- science reflects reality in the form of concepts, hypotheses, theories, laws, and art - in the form of artistic images.
3. According to the functions performed - art performs aesthetic and educational functions, science - cognitive, morality - moral, etc.
4. By public role. Science is the "locomotive" of progress, religion satisfies belief in the supernatural, art - in the beautiful, morality elevates a person to the "value of good", etc.
All levels and forms of social consciousness interact with each other and influence each other in the course of the interaction of social being and social consciousness.
In conclusion, we note that social consciousness is a reflection of social being, social reality as a whole. However, social consciousness and each of its forms have some autonomy regarding social being, its own logic and special patterns of its development. This manifests itself in:
a) continuity, preservation of the rational, positive content of the old in the new;
b) the mutual influence of various forms of social consciousness;
c) lagging behind or ahead of the forms of consciousness from social existence;
d) the active reverse impact of social consciousness and its forms on social being (a vivid example of this is the active impact of science on the development of technology and technology of the modern information society).
Lecture 9: Consciousness and language. The problem of the unconscious
1. Language as a way of existence of consciousness.
2. Natural and artificial languages.
3. The role of language in society and its main functions.
4. Consciousness and the unconscious.
The structure of social consciousness, its main levels and forms
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| Article subject: | The structure of social consciousness, its main levels and forms |
| Rubric (thematic category) | Story |
In the structure of social consciousness, three interrelated levels are usually distinguished: everyday, social psychology and social ideology, as well as forms of social consciousness, which include political ideology, legal consciousness, morality (moral consciousness), art (aesthetic consciousness), religion, science and philosophy:
1. Ordinary consciousness arises spontaneously in the process of everyday practice, as a direct reflection of the external (domestic) side of people's life and is not aimed at finding the truth.
2. Public psychology- the emotional attitude of people to their social being, which is also formed spontaneously in the daily life of people. Its specificity and regularities are studied by social psychology. Social psychology includes unsystematized feelings and ideas of people, first of all, about their emotional life, certain states and some mental characteristics. It is the prevailing mood of feelings and ideas in a given social group (ʼʼsocio-psychological atmosphereʼʼ), in a given country, in a particular society.
3. Public ideology - conceptual and theoretical reflection of social life, expressed in forms of thinking (concepts, judgments, theories, concepts, etc.). Taken as a whole, it is defined as a system of political, legal, moral, aesthetic, religious and philosophical views, in which people's attitude to social reality is recognized and evaluated.
Τᴀᴋᴎᴍ ᴏϬᴩᴀᴈᴏᴍ, social ideology - a systematic, theoretical justification, spiritual expression of the interests of various social groups or communities. Ideology is a complex spiritual formation, which includes a certain theoretical basis, programs of action arising from it and mechanisms for the dissemination of ideological attitudes among the masses.
In any of its manifestations, it is essentially or formally, correct or false, but always connected with the needs of the whole society, is an expression of its goals, values, ideals, its programs, contradictions and ways to resolve them. As such, a social ideology is always necessary, obligatory for any society - class, non-class, ʼʼopenʼʼ, ʼʼclosedʼʼ, etc. She always was, is and will be. For there is always a vital need for knowledge of the characteristics of the development of society, current problems and common tasks, stages of social change and prospects for social development.
Nowadays, some theorists (both in the West and in our country) came up with the idea of the end of ideology (ʼʼpre-ideologizationʼʼ). They associate this either with the "natural falsity" of ideology, or with the end of the confrontation in the world of capitalism and socialism, or with its totalitarian class essence.
Forms of public consciousness are ways of spiritual development of reality. The main criteria for their differentiation:
1. On the subject of reflection - science and philosophy reflect reality, but at different conceptual and methodological levels (lower and higher).
2. By forms (types) of reflection- science reflects reality in the form of concepts, hypotheses, theories, laws, and art - in the form of artistic images.
3. According to the functions performed - art performs aesthetic and educational functions, science - cognitive, morality - moral, etc.
4. By public role. Science is the ʼʼlocomotiveʼʼ of progress, religion satisfies belief in the supernatural, art satisfies belief in the beautiful, morality elevates a person to the ʼʼvalue of goodʼʼ, and so on.
All levels and forms of social consciousness interact with each other and influence each other in the course of the interaction of social being and social consciousness.
In conclusion, we note that social consciousness is a reflection of social being, social reality as a whole. At the same time, public consciousness and each of its forms have a certain independence regarding social being, its own logic and special patterns of its development. This manifests itself in:
a) continuity, preservation of the rational, positive content of the old in the new;
b) the mutual influence of various forms of social consciousness;
c) lagging behind or ahead of the forms of consciousness from social existence;
d) the active reverse impact of social consciousness and its forms on social being (a vivid example of this is the active impact of science on the development of technology and technology of the modern information society).
Lecture 9: Consciousness and language. The problem of the unconscious
1. Language as a way of existence of consciousness.
2. Natural and artificial languages.
3. The role of language in society and its main functions.
4. Consciousness and the unconscious.
The structure of social consciousness, its main levels and forms - the concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Structure of public consciousness, its main levels and forms" 2017, 2018.
Social consciousness and its structure: levels and forms.
Public consciousness is a combination ideal forms(concepts, judgments, views, feelings, ideas, ideas, theories), which cover and reproduce social life, they are developed by mankind in the process of mastering nature and social history. The leading role of public consciousness is associated with the scientific and theoretical level of reflection of reality, the subject's deep awareness of his responsibility for the progress of society.
Public consciousness can exist only when there are specific carriers - a person, social groups, communities, specific individuals and other subjects. Public consciousness is extremely complex phenomenon, has dynamic, complex structure, which is predetermined by the structure of social life. One of the elements of the structure of social consciousness is its different levels- everyday and theoretical consciousness, social psychology and ideology.
Ordinary consciousness as a set of specific conditions of people's life develops on the basis of their everyday experience. It covers the object of reflection, as a rule, from an unconcealed, obvious side. Budyonny level of social consciousness includes empirical knowledge about objective processes, views, moods, traditions, feelings, will. The theoretical level of social consciousness goes beyond the empirical conditions of human existence and acts as a certain system of views, seeks to penetrate into the very essence of the phenomena of objective reality, to reveal the patterns of their development and functioning.
It is aimed at identifying the most significant features of these processes. Social psychology is a set of views, feelings, emotions, moods, habits, traditions, customs that arise in people under the influence of the immediate conditions of their life through the prism of their daily interests. It is an important condition for the formation of a person's spiritual culture, and ideology turns into driving force, only penetrating into the field of psychology. The dialectic of the development of social consciousness lies in the contradictory transition of social psychology into ideology. Ideology is a set of ideas, views, in a systematic, logically coherent form reflects the socio-economic conditions of people's lives. Ideology acts as the highest scientific and theoretical level of spiritual values. Forms of public consciousness political, legal, moral, aesthetic, religious consciousness.
Political consciousness is a reflection political relations, political activity what is happening in society. It is a set of ideas, views, teachings, political attitudes, certain political methods, with the help of which substantiate and implement political interests subjects of political processes. Political consciousness includes ideological and psychological aspects. Legal consciousness is a set of knowledge, ideas legal rights and norms governing the behavior of people in society. Legal consciousness is closely interconnected with legal norms and laws in accordance with the ideas of legality that prevail in society. order, justice. Morality is a set, a system of norms, rules of behavior of people in society. Unlike legal norms, moral norms are not enshrined in legal laws, but are regulated in society by force. public opinion. Aesthetic consciousness - reflects the objective reality through certain artistic images.
Aesthetic consciousness reflects knowledge in a specific visual-sensory form, artistic images that affect our senses and thereby cause a certain emotional reaction, evaluation. Religion as a form of social consciousness embraces religious ideology and religious psychology. Religious ideology is a more or less coherent system of religious ideas, views of the world. Religious psychology includes unsystematized religious feelings, moods, customs, ideas, mainly associated with belief in the supernatural. Public consciousness performs three main functions:
1) a reflection of social life,
2) activity management,
3) the creation of programs capable of managing activities on the basis of a true reflection of being. Thus, social consciousness acts, firstly, as a consequence of the natural-historical process of development of the mode of production, secondly, as a program that controls human activity, and thirdly, as the basis of spiritual production.