Nekrasov grandfather is the theme of the work. Nikolai Nekrasov - Grandfather: Verse. Attitude towards different social groups of people

N. Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" is dedicated to the Decembrists, Russian noble revolutionaries who fought against serfdom and autocracy.

By order of the tsar, the Decembrists were exiled to a remote village, to a barren land, dooming them to starvation, a slow and painful death, and the Decembrists, thanks to their work, lived and continued to defend their ideas. Reading the work, we learn how hard the life of the serfs was, how cruelly the landowners treated the peasants; the peasants were powerless, the landowner treated them as if they were his own property. We see the full burden of serf labor, we are convinced of the justice of the struggle of the Decembrists. This poem says a lot about the role of labor:

I, Sasha, saw a miracle:
A handful of Russians were exiled
In the terrible wilderness, for the split,
They gave them freedom and land;
The year has passed unnoticed -
Commissars go there.
Look - the village is already standing.
Rigas, sheds, barns!
The hammer is pounding in the forge...
So gradually in half a century
A huge planting has grown -
The will and labor of man
Wonderful divas create! ..

Thanks to labor, the exiles had housing and food, and maintained their health. Work among the Decembrists was a means of combating the autocracy.

Grandfather gives Sasha advice: to love the motherland, native nature, a hard-working peasant; fight oppressors; to learn everything useful for a person; to prepare from a young age for the struggle for the happiness of the poor; be able to observe the surrounding life of the working people, understand it, respect the working person, hate greed, stupidity; cherish honor, be reasonable and patient in the struggle for the best ideals; know the sciences well, especially history and geography, the sciences that help to know their homeland. To characterize the image of Sasha, you need to read separate places from several chapters. Sasha is an inquisitive, persistent, obedient boy who follows his grandfather's advice.

In the lines “wonderful divas create my and human labor”, one can see the influence of labor on the development of the moral qualities of the character and views of the Decembrists. Grandfather bows before reason, reassures the peasants, reporting on close freedom. Labor convinced the Decembrists of the rightness of their struggle. The Decembrists were convinced from their own experience that work free from the oppression of the landowners brings great joy.

The work teaches that the younger generation should learn, be able to work, love work in agriculture, love their homeland.

The general conclusion about the theme, idea and main idea of ​​N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Grandfather” can be made as follows:

In the history of the liberation of the people from autocracy, the struggle of the Decembrists was of great importance. The Decembrists were patriots of their homeland, they fought to make life easier for the working peasants, for free labor. The work that the Decembrists did in exile gave them strength and stamina in the fight against tsarism. Agricultural labor made life easier for the exiles, helped to meet the needs for food and maintain health, and strengthened their spiritual strength. But labor became completely free only under Soviet power.

Literature lesson in the 6th grade on the topic:

Historical poem "Grandfather" N. A. Nekrasov.

Lesson Objectives:

1. Introduce students to a historical poem; tell about the fate of the Decembrists in Siberia;to show how much attention the writer paid to depicting the life of the common people in the era of serfdom.

2. to form the ability to analyze the work and formulate conclusions and assumptions after reading.

3. To educate a conscious attitude of the student to the historicalthe past of the country.

During the classes.

1. Class organization
2. Repetition of what has been learned.

Let's remember which writer we met in previous lessons?

Remember and name the works of N. A. Nekrasov known to you (Verse Peasant children, "On the Volga", "Grandfather Mazai and hares", poem "Frost, red nose", "Railway")

What is the theme of the verse “Railway?”(hard labor workers)

Nekrasov made the fate of the worker, the fate of the Russian people, the main theme of his work. His poems are imbued with deep sympathy for the peasant, the man of labor.

1. Lesson topic message

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with another work by Nekrasov, written in 1870, with the historical poem "Grandfather".

VI. Learning new material

Open your workbooks, write down the date and topic of the lesson.

Definition of the word "poem" (slide number 2)

A) Identification of the level of primary perception of the poem.

What is the plot of the poem?

What lyrical characters are we talking about?(boy Sasha, grandfather a) (slide number 3)

What does the text say about the boy? (he lives with his dad and mom, shown in the process of growing up from 3 to 10 years old)

What is said about grandfather at the beginning of the poem?(see chapters 1-4)

(his portrait hangs in his father’s office, no one knows anything about him, everyone cries when they talk about him, in anticipation of his grandfather, a big cleaning begins, everyone has happy faces, grandfather has a big cross on his chest (researchers believe that this cross was melted down from his shackles), his leg was worn out (maybe from shackles), his hand was wounded (probably from a shot), the author calls him "mysterious grandfather".)

So, who is this "mysterious grandfather?"(Decembrist)

Read the first 2 paragraphs of the article by K. I. Chukovsky on page 237

Who are the Decembrists?(slide number 4)

(Decembrists are people who participated in the uprising on Senate Square on December 14, 1825 in St. Petersburg. For the most part, the Decembrists were nobles, well educated, many were military. They really wanted to change Russia. They fought for the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of royal power and the creation of a constitution. The Decembrist Society was formed after the Patriotic War of 1812.)

In November 1825, during a trip to the south of Russia in Taganrog, Emperor Alexander I died unexpectedly. He had no children, and Alexander's brother, Konstantin, was to inherit the throne. But even during the life of Alexander, he abdicated in favor of his younger brother Nicholas. Constantine's abdication was not announced. The troops and population were sworn in to the new emperor. But he confirmed his renunciation of the throne. On December 14, 1825, the oath was appointed.

Before taking the oath, the Decembrists wanted to force the senators and members of the State Council to sign the Manifesto, abolish the existing government, abolish serfdom, proclaim freedom of speech, religion, freedom of occupation, movement, equality of all classes before the law, reduction of soldier service.

On the morning of December 14 the rebel officers led their regiments to the square in front of the Senate, but the plan developed earlier could not be implemented: the Senate and the State Council had already taken the oath before the arrival of the regiments.

Several times Nicholas I sent generals and metropolitans “for exhortation”, several times the cavalry attacked the regiments of the rebels. By evening, the king gave the order to shoot the rebels.

The tsarist government dealt cruelly with the Decembrists. More than 100 Decembrists were exiled to Siberia, many were sentenced to death by hanging.

Why do we need to know about the Decembrist, about the December uprising in the work? (this is our history, to understand this type of people, to know their life)

Who is Sergei Grigorievich Volkonsky?(partly is the prototype of the hero of the poem)(slide number 5)

S.G. Volkonsky - hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Decembrist. Prince. At one time he participated in all military campaigns, was wounded, had awards. For participation in the uprising, in 1826 he was arrested and sentenced to death, then the sentence was commuted to 20 years hard labor in Siberia. In 1856, a manifesto was announced on the release of all convicts and he was allowed to return to European Russia. 5 days before his arrest, Maria Raevskaya (Volkonskaya) gave birth to his son and soon goes after her husband.

About the feat of Maria Volkonskaya, about her decision to share the fate with her husband and follow him to Siberia for hard labor and exile, probably, every person who can read Russian is known. The sight of his shackles excited and moved me so much that I threw myself on my knees before him and kissedfirst his shackles, and then himself, "- having arrived after separation in the Nerchinsk mines, recalled Maria Volkonskaya.

Tell me, does the story about the Decembrists, about the uprising sound in the work?(incomprehensible, sounds muffled).

What happens in the poem after the grandfather arrived? (through individual events, the grandson recognizes the character of his grandfather)

Now we will try to find out the character of the grandfather and that difficult period of time based on the events, on the conversations that are presented in the poem.(notebook entry) - chapter 5

1) “Sasha became friends with grandfather,

Always walking together

They walk through meadows, forests,

Cornflowers are tearing among the fields.

2) Description of grandfather:

"Grandfather is ancient for years,

But still cheerful and beautiful,

Grandpa's teeth are intact

Step, posture is firm,

Curls are fluffy and white,

Like a silver head

Slender, tall,..

3) Speech "Apostolic Simple"

4) “I am glad that I see a picture

Dear since childhood eyes.

Look at this plain

And love her yourself!”

5) He talks about peasant farming, that only then “There will be joy in the song, / Instead of despondency and torment,” when there will be a large economy.

6) "Grandfather praises nature,

Stroking peasant children.

"Grandfather's first business

Chat with a man:

"Soon it will be easy for you,

You will be a free people!” - How do you understand these lines? (believes in change

Slide number 13. Chapters 9-1 1.

Describe the life of the peasants in the village of Tarbagaty

a) Russian peasants were driven into a terrible wilderness on infertile lands, they were given freedom and land.

b) the commissars arrived a year later - a village and a mill had already been built.

c) a year later they arrived - peasants with barren

the lands are harvested, and so on.

So for 50 years "a huge settlement has grown."

- Why does the grandfather talk about the life of the peasants?(He aims Sasha that a free hardworking person will not disappear anywhere. He says that “The will and labor of a person / Wonderful divas create.” And if life is arranged in a family, children are healthy, then this is a happy family. And the peasants can be happy, they can live rich.)

(The image of this emaciated man is contrasted with a well-fed, free life in Tarbagatai. There is still a lot to be done to achieve such a life for the peasants. A person should not shun any work. Labor adorns a person.)

What kind of national disasters does grandfather in chapter 13?

(He recalls a peasant wedding, where the young "forgot to ask permission" from the master. He separated the newlyweds and punished everyone. Grandfather says that the landowners have no soul. Pities the peasants, accuses the powerful of this world of tyranny)

Read the episode of the meeting with the soldier. Chapter 16-17.

What does your grandfather say about serving in the army in his time? (He talks about what kind of drill was in the army, assault, obscene language in addressing a junior in rank, Teaches his grandson that honor should be cherished,)

Read the episode about life in hard labor from the words “…. Silently, deserted .... " to the words "Slowly - slowly you hide ..."(chapter 20)

What does grandpa remember? (Reminds me of that terrible life. There is no heroism. Ordinary person)

How does the work end? How does Sasha understand his grandfather's attitude to life, to people, to the history of Russia?

Conclusion: Throughout the poem, Sasha asks questions to both dad and mom, and then grandfather. One way or another, they are connected with the Decembrists, with the uprising.
He is also interested in how his grandfather lived in Siberia.

VI. Summing up (slide number 14)

1. What work of N. A. Nekrasov did we meet in the lesson?
2. What is the main idea of ​​the poem?

VII. Homework (slide number 15)

(Dedicated to Z-n-h-e)

I
Once at the father, in the office,
Sasha saw the portrait
Depicted in a portrait
There was a young general.
"Who is it? Sasha asked. -
Who?.. "-" This is your grandfather. -
And dad turned away
He bowed his head low.
"Why can't I see him?"
Dad didn't say a word.
Grandson, standing in front of grandfather,
Looks sharply at the portrait:
“Daddy, why are you sighing?
Is he dead... alive? speak!"
- "Grow up, Sasha, you will know."
- "That's it ... you say, look! .."

II
“Do you know your grandfather, mother?” -
Mother's son says.
“I know,” and Sasha by the hand
Mom is dragged to the portrait,
Mom goes against her will.
"You tell me about him,
Mum! he's bad, isn't he?
Why can't I see him?
Well dear! well, do it
Mercy, say something!”
- “No, he is both kind and brave,
Only unfortunate." - On the chest
Mom covered her head
He sighs heavily, trembles -
And sobbed ... And Sasha
Vigilantly looks at the grandfather:
“What are you, mom, crying,
You don't want to say a word!
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know.
Let’s go for a walk…”

III
There is great anxiety in the house.
Happy, bright face
Cleaning the house again
Mom and dad are whispering.
What fun their conversation is!
The son notices, is silent.
“Soon you will see your grandfather!” -
Sasha's father says...
Grandpa only raves
Sasha - can't sleep:
“Why doesn’t he drive for a long time? ..”
- "My friend! Far is his way!"
Sasha sighs sadly
He thinks: "What an answer!"
Here comes at last
This mysterious grandfather.

IV
Everyone has been waiting for a long time
We met the old one suddenly ...
He blessed, weeping,
House, and family, and servants,
Dust brushed off at the threshold,
From the neck solemnly removed
The image of the crucified god
And, baptized, he said:
“Today I have come to terms with everything,
What has suffered for a lifetime! .. "
The son bowed before his father,
He washed the old man's feet;
White curls combed
Grandpa Sasha's mother,
Stroked them, kissed them,
Sasha called to kiss.
Right hand mother
Grandfather grabbed, and the other
Stroking ruddy Sasha:
"What a handsome boy!"
Grandpa's gaze
Sasha considered - suddenly
The boy's tears are hail
Gushed to grandfather grandson
He rushed: “Grandfather! where are you
Lived and disappeared for so many years?
Where are your epaulettes
Why aren't you wearing a uniform?
What are you hiding on your leg?
Wounded, or what, the hand? .. "
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know.
Well, kiss the old man! .. "

V
Cheered up, revived
The whole house breathes with joy.
Sasha became friends with his grandfather,
They always walk together.
They walk through meadows, forests,
Cornflowers are tearing among the fields;
Grandfather is ancient for years,
But still cheerful and beautiful,
Grandpa's teeth are intact
Step, posture is firm,
Curls are fluffy and white,
Like a silver beard;
Slender, tall,
But how the baby looks
Somewhat apostolic,
Rovno always says...

VI
Will go ashore sloping
To the Russian great river -
A thieving sandpiper whistles,
Thousand paws on the sand;
The barge is led by tow,
Choo, barge haulers voices!
Flat surface across the river -
Fields, mowing, forests.
Light coolness blows
From the slow, slumbering waters...
Grandpa kisses the earth
Cries - and sings softly ...
"Grandpa! what are you dropping
Large tears, like hail? .. "
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know!
Don't be sad - I'm glad ... "

VII
I'm glad I see the picture
Dear since childhood eyes.
Look at this plain -
And love her yourself!
Two or three estates of noblemen,
Twenty Lord's churches,
One hundred peasant villages
Like in the palm of her hand!
A herd grazes in the forest -
It is a pity that the cattle is small;
A song is being sung somewhere
It's a pity - it's incredibly bitter!
Murmur: "Give me your hand
Poor peasants soon!
Millennium agony,
Sasha, can you hear it?
"We need to be healthy.
Sheep and their horses
Gotta have cows
Thicker than Moscow merchants, -
There will be joy in the song,
Instead of sadness and pain.
Whether it is necessary?" - "Grandfather, you have to!"
- “That's it! remember, grandson! .. "

VIII
Winter to a magnificent shoot,
Happy for every flower
Grandpa praises nature
Stroking peasant children.
Grandpa's first job
Chat with a man
The conversation drags on for a long time
Grandpa says later:
"Soon you will not be difficult,
You will be a free people!”
And smile so wonderfully
Everything will blossom with joy.
Sharing his joy
Everyone's heart skipped a beat.
That's a holy smile!
What a captivating laugh!

IX
"Soon they will be given freedom, -
The old man remarked to his grandson:
That's all the people need.
I, Sasha, saw a miracle:
A handful of Russians were exiled
In the terrible wilderness, for the split,
They gave them freedom and land;
A year has passed unnoticed -
Commissars go there
Look - the village is already standing,
Rigas, sheds, barns!
In the forge the hammer is knocking,
The mill will be built soon.
The men are stocked up
An animal from a dark forest,
Fish from a free river.
Visited again a year later
New miracle found:
The inhabitants collected bread
From a previously barren land.
Only boys at home
Yes, hefty dogs;
Geese scream, piglets
They poke their noses into the trough ... "

X
So gradually in half a century
A huge planting has grown -
The will and labor of man
Marvelous divas create!
Everything has been taken care of!
How many there, Sasha, pigs,
Before the village
Half a verst from the geese;
How are the fields cultivated there,
How bountiful the herds are!
tall, beautiful
Residents always cheerful
It can be seen - a penny is being carried out!
A man is grooming a grandmother there:
On holiday, she wears a shower jacket -
Sable collar!

XI
"Children up to age in bliss,
Horse - even now to the factory -
In a forged, durable cart
A hundred pounds will take away ...
The horses are full there, full,
Everyone there lives full,
The huts are covered there,
Well, but the people!
Growing up in harsh manners,
They make their own judgment
Recruits are put healthy,
Live soberly and honestly
The taxes are paid before the due date
Just don't disturb them."
- "Where is that village?" - "Far,
Her name is Tarbagatai,
Terrible wilderness beyond Baikal...
So, you are my darling
You are still young
Remember how big you will be ... "

XII
“Well ... and while you think,
Do you see around:
Here he is, our gloomy plowman,
With a dark, dead face:
Bast shoes, rags, hat,
Torn Harness; barely
The nag pulls the roe deer,
Barely alive with hunger!
The eternal worker is hungry,
Hungry too, I'm afraid!
Hey! rest, my heart!
I'll work for you!"
The peasant looked with fear,
The master gave way to the plow,
Grandpa is behind the plow for a long time,
Wiping sweat, walked;
Sasha hurried after him,
Couldn't catch up:
"Grandpa! where did you learn
Do you smell so good?
Just a man, you manage
A plow, but there was a general!
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know
How did I become an employee?

XIII
The spectacle of the disasters of the people
Unbearable my friend
Happiness of noble minds
See contentment around.
Now it's easier for the people:
Verse, lurking in the shadows
Barin, having heard freedom ...
Well, as in our days!

* * *
Like a whirlpool, a manor
Every man traveled.
I remember a terrible wedding
The pop has already changed the rings,
Yes, pray for trouble
The landowner entered the church:
“Who allowed them to marry?
Stop! - and approached the ass ...
The wedding has stopped!
With the master the joke is bad -
Gave an insolent order
In recruits to hand over the groom,
In the girl's - poor Pear!
And no one argued! ..
Who has a soul
Could it endure? .. who?

XIV
However, it was not yet!
And not only gentlemen,
Juice from the people crushed
A vile clerk horde.
Whatever the official is a money-grubber,
For the purpose of mining on a campaign
Came out ... and who is the enemy?
The army, the treasury and the people!
Everyone got it right.
Strike, bail all around:
The brave robbed obviously
Cowards dragged secretly.
Impenetrable night
Darkness hung over the land...
Saw - having eyes
And he was rooting for the fatherland.
The moans of the slaves drowning out
Flattery and whistle of scourges,
Predators greedy flock
Death was in store for her...

XV
The sun doesn't shine forever
Happiness is not forever lucky:
Every country is coming
Sooner or later it's your turn
Where obedience is not stupid -
Friendly strength is needed;
Fatal misfortune is coming -
The country will tell in a moment.
Unanimity and reason
Everywhere they will give a celebration,
May they not come together
Suddenly you will not create anything, -
eloquent appeal
Don't warm up the slaves
Do not illuminate with understanding
Dark and rough minds.
Late! The oppressed people
Deaf before the common misfortune.
Woe to the ruined country!
Woe to a backward country!
One army is not protection.
Why, and the army, child,
It was busy at the time
The strap pulled groaning ...

XVI
Grandpa by the way soldier
Met, treated with wine,
Kissed like a brother
Gently spoke to him:
“Today, service is not a burden for you -
Meek bosses now ...
Well, as in our time!
Whatever the boss, the beast!
To hammer the soul into the heels
It was the rule back then.
No matter how hard you work, flaws
The boss always looks for:
“There is effort in marching,
The stand is perfect
Only breathing is noticeable ... "
Do you hear? .. breathe why!

XVII
"And not happy with the parade,
Swearing will flow like a river,
Hail of teeth
Smacks, drives through the ranks!
Sprinkle with foam at the mouth
The whole frightened regiment,
Will look for bigger victims
Angry wolf:
"Frunkies! vile souls!
I’ll rot under guard!“
Heard - having ears,
Dumushka thought his own.
Scolding is more terrible than the guard,
Bullets and buckshot are worse ...
Who, in whom honor has not fallen asleep,
Who would reconcile with her? .. "
- "Grandpa! do you remember
Something terrible? .. tell me!
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know
Honor always cherish ...
Adults are not children
A coward - who does not take revenge a hundredfold!
Remember that there is no
irresistible grievances."

XVIII
Grandfather fell silent and sadly
He hung his head on his chest.
“You never know, my friend, what happened! ..
Let's go take a break."
Rest is short with grandfather -
He could not live without difficulty:
I dug the ridges before lunch,
Twisted sometimes;
In the evening with an awl, a needle
Something briskly stitched,
A sad and long song
Grandfather cut his work.
The grandson won't utter a sound
Will not leave the table
A new mystery for the grandson
Grandfather's song was...

XIX
He sang about the glorious campaign
And about the great struggle;
Sang about the free people
And about the people-slave;
Sang about deserted deserts
And about iron chains;
He sang about wonderful beauties
With an angelic caress in his eyes;
He sang about their withering
In the wild, distant wilderness
And about the miraculous influence
Loving female soul...
About Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya
Grandfather sang - and sighed,
Sang - and longing Babylonian
He announced his cell ...
“Grandfather, go on! .. And where are you
Did you recognize your song?
You repeat the verses to me -
I'll sing them to my mother.
Remember those names
You sometimes at night ... "
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know -
I'll tell you everything myself:
Where did I learn to sing
With whom and when did I sing ... "
- "Well! I will learn to be patient! -
Sasha sadly said...

XX
Ride often in the summer
Our friends in the shuttle
With a loud, cheerful hello
Grandfather was approaching the river:
“Hello, beautiful Volga!
I have loved you since childhood.
“Where have you been for so long?” -
Sasha asked timidly.
"I was far, far away..."
- “Where is it? ..” The grandfather thought.
The boy takes a deep breath
Eternal anticipating the answer.
"Well, was it good there?"
Grandfather looks at the child:
"Don't ask, honey!
(Grandfather's voice trembles.)
Deaf, deserted, deserted,
The steppe is half dead.
Difficult, my dear, difficult!
Waiting for news for a year
You see how the forces are wasted -
God's best gifts
Digging graves for loved ones
Waiting for yours for the time being ...
Slowly slowly melting…”
- “What did you live there, grandfather, lived? ..”
- “Grow up, Sasha, you will know!”
Sasha shed a tear...

XXI
"God! boring to listen!
“You will grow up!” - mother says,
Daddy loves, but torments:
“You will grow up,” he also repeats!
The same and grandfather ... Full!
I'm already grown - look! ..
(Stands on the boat bench.)
You better speak now!”
Grandfather kisses and strokes:
“Or are you all together…?”
Grandpa can't handle his heart
It beats like a dove.
"Grandpa, do you hear? I want
Everything must be known!”
Grandpa kissing his grandson
Whispers: "You don't understand.
You have to study, my dear!
I'll tell you everything, wait!
Gather with strength
Take a look around.
You are smart, Sasha, but still
Need to know history
And geography too.
- "How long, grandfather, wait?"
- "A year, another, as it happens."
Sasha runs to her mother:
"Mum! I want to study!” -
Screams loudly from afar.

XXII
Time passes. Correctly
The boy is learning everything -
Knows history well
(He's already ten years old)
Boyko will show on the map
And Petersburg, and Chita,
It's better to tell a big one
Much in Russian life.
Hates stupid and evil
Wishing the poor well
He remembers what he hears, what he sees...
Grandfather notes: it's time!
He himself is often ill,
He needed a crutch...
Soon, soon you will know
Sasha sad story ...

Analysis of the poem "Grandfather" by Nekrasov

N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Grandfather”, written in 1870, is one of the poet’s most popular and favorite works by readers. It tells about the friendship of a grandfather and grandson against the backdrop of the political events taking place at that time in Russia.

In 1856, the tsarist government announced an amnesty for political prisoners guilty of an attempted coup d'état in December 1825. The poem contains a story about the arrival of an elderly Decembrist to his son's estate. His grandson, a little boy Sasha, is looking forward to meeting him. Seeing a portrait of a young general, and after asking his parents about him, Sasha realizes that a dark secret is connected with his grandfather. But grandfather is kind and brave, and when he finally arrives, the boy sees how respectfully his mother and father treat him, how they tremblingly surround him with care.

The image of the old man in the poem is almost biblical - a noble hero who suffered for his people, a wise grandfather, gradually revealing to his grandson the basics of life. Sasha spends a lot of time with him. They walk around the district, watching the peasants, whose life is constant work. The grandfather talks to people, sadly tells his grandson how hard their lot is, and happily helps the plowman in his work. He promises people quick changes for the better. Russia is on the verge of a global reform - the abolition of serfdom.

Grandpa talks a lot about Tarbagatai, a remote village in Siberia where people are free. Working for their own good, they prosper. The absence of coercion makes people enterprising, hardworking and happy. This hypothetical place corresponds to the thoughts of the Decembrists about a new society built on the principles of freedom and equality.

The elderly general is noble, handsome, fit. Having passed through difficult trials, he is grateful to life for being close to his family, enjoying the surrounding nature, spending time with his grandson. And the boy becomes attached to his grandfather, absorbs new ideas, grows and develops. Throughout the poem, Sasha asks him questions and receives an answer: “Grow up - you will know!”. Thus, the grandfather brings him to what needs to be learned. And Sasha takes up his studies with enthusiasm, succeeds in history and geography, notes and remembers everything, begins to understand how life works around him.

This is the main idea of ​​the work - the bright ideals of the outgoing generation will not die if they are replaced by educated educated youth. Sasha will grow up and embody what his grandfather dreamed of.

Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" was written in 1870. It tells about a little inquisitive boy who has never seen his own grandfather in his life. When their long-awaited meeting arises, it turns out that once grandfather was a Decembrist. He is now returning from a distant exile.

The plot of the poem

The protagonist of Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" is a boy named Sasha. In the first stanzas of the work, he carefully studies the portrait of his progenitor. In the picture he is in the uniform of a general, and a very young man. But in all his life, Sasha had never seen him like that.

At the same time, the main character is interested in the fate of his relative. He regularly asks his parents why he can't see his grandfather. There is only one answer to this. You will learn and understand when you grow up.

After some time, a joyful event occurs in Sasha's life. His father finally informs him that very soon they will be able to see grandfather. The boy is all impatient, he wants to see the old man, to talk to him. But you have to wait, grandfather has a long way to go before they meet.

Meeting with a relative

The long-awaited meeting in Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" finally takes place. The retired general, who arrived from afar, is greeted with joy by all relatives. Sasha immediately wonders where he has been for so long.

But, surprisingly, he answers in exactly the same way as the boy's parents. Like, you will know and understand only when you grow up. Over time, they become very close. It turns out that despite the big difference in age, grandfather and grandson have a lot in common themes and interests. They often spend time together, walk a lot and communicate.

grandfather's story

In Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather", a summary of which you are now reading, it is said that the elderly general spent many years in a village called Tarbagatai. It was located in the wilderness, far from the capitals and major cities. There the authorities massively exiled all the citizens they did not like.

According to the stories of the old man himself, this is an area located beyond Baikal, which few people know about or have ever heard of.

Living in such a settlement is not easy for any person. But the old general was helped by the fact that, despite his high rank, he never shied away from the most ordinary work. In the summary of the poem "Grandfather" by Nekrasov, it is necessary to describe how he once struck a frightened peasant: he asked him for a plow, skillfully demonstrating how he handled it. These stories are very surprising now and his grandson.

Grandfather in the poem by Nekrasov N.A. is very worried about the common people. Noting, however, that now it has become a little easier for him, and in the future his fate should become even more beautiful. This is what he has no doubt about.

As a result, the former general awakens in his young and inquisitive grandson a real craving for science and knowledge, the boy begins to study with interest. Soon the first successes come.

At the very end of N. Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather", the old general admits that now the boy is ready to learn his sad story, directly related to the country's past. So all readers of the poem "Grandfather" by Nekrasov N.A. understand what the secret of the general was. He took the side of the Decembrists. After that, he was sent into exile for many years.

How the poem was created

In 1870, Nikolai Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" was first published. The beginning of the action of this poetic work sends us back to 1856, when a manifesto was published, according to which the Decembrists received the right to return to their native cities and settlements from a long exile.

The old hero is in the same situation. It should be noted that this is a collective image. Although, according to the researchers, he has a specific prototype. This is Sergei Volkonsky, who came from exile at the age of 68, being a very old man. But at the same time, as those around him recognized, he remained stately and handsome.

Ex-general Volkonsky, who returned, of course, demoted, was very fond of talking with the peasants, which was noted by many around him. It is interesting that the peasant children called him that - grandfather.

Another prototype of the character of Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather", the analysis of which is given in this poem, is Mikhail Bestuzhev. He also returned from a long exile. In 1869, Nekrasov communicated closely with him for some time.

It is noteworthy that the poem has a dedication to Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova. At that time she was the civil wife of the poet.

Analysis of the poem "Grandfather" by Nekrasov

The work to which this article is devoted, the researchers refer to realistic poems. At the same time, for reasons of censorship that existed at that time in Russia, the author does not directly indicate that the elderly hero is a Decembrist. Formally, their activities were banned at that time, because they were accused of trying to overthrow the state system.

However, all readers understand what is at stake. As hints to the reader, the grandfather constantly dreams of freedom and that the Russian people would be rich. At the same time, he promises that both the soldiers and the peasants will soon live much easier. This part of the poem contains a direct allusion to the coming reforms of Alexander II, which at that time were expected by many representatives of the progressive public.

Characteristics of the main character

Nekrasov uses an interesting literary device in his poem. The reader sees the Decembrist grandfather through the eyes of his grandson. Moreover, the whole life of a valiant military man passes before the boy.

First, he is one of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, when the Russian army managed to defeat the French. A portrait of a young grandfather hangs in their house, on which he is already standing in a general's uniform.

Over time, the main character becomes aware that his grandfather is surrounded by some sad and unknown secret. So through the eyes of the main character, a young boy, we recognize another main character - his grandfather. We can understand and guess who he really was.

Over time, Sasha's mother begins to tell him in detail about what qualities his grandfather has. This is courage, kindness, but at the same time a deep inner tragedy.

When he finally arrives from somewhere far away, it becomes clear at first to everyone that he has come to terms with everything. But all further events that occur in this work lead to the idea that this is not at all the case.

Decembrists

Thanks to the historical basis of Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather", which is well known to us from the school history course, we know who the Decembrists were. One of their main differences from other revolutionaries and opponents of the regime is that almost everything was built solely on ideological and idealized considerations.

Therefore, even after many years, the grandfather does not let go of the thought of revenge and the much-needed universal freedom of the people. Therefore, he even somehow calls on Sasha himself to protect his honor and avenge the insults inflicted on him many years ago. To some researchers of Nekrasov's work, he resembles a biblical hero who suffers for his people. All relatives in reality treat him obsequiously. His own son falls at his feet, Sasha's mother begins to carefully and gently comb her gray curls. Sasha asks with interest and reverence about the wounds that grandfather has on his arm and leg.

Describing the portrait of an elderly hero, the poet spares no vivid epithets. He mentions that Grandpa was ancient in age, yet still handsome and peppy. Almost all his teeth were intact, and his posture and gait did not lose their hardness during the years of exile. Gray curls and a beard, a sincere smile gave his image a special charm.

By the way, in the poem there are some features in the description of the hero, which also coincide with the appearance of the biblical character. In particular, there are rehashes with biblical phrases that those who have ears will definitely hear, and those who have eyes will definitely see.

Nature in a poem

Close attention in Nekrasov's poem is paid to the surrounding nature. Grandfather takes long walks with his grandson, comparing the beauty that surrounds them with the deaf and deserted nature in the places where he served his exile. At the same time, the former general, despite his high status in the past, behaves very simply. Willingly communicates with men. At the same time, almost a minute can not remain idle. He constantly repairs something, repairs, plows, digs beds, sews, weaves. He was used to always being busy with something for all the time he spent in exile.

He is also drawn to the people thanks to his soulful songwriting. At times he sings songs about the Decembrists and their exile. It is worth noting that Nekrasov himself dedicated more than one of his poetic works to Volkonskaya or Trubetskoy, and the poem "Grandfather" itself opens a whole cycle of his poems dedicated to the Decembrists.

Nekrasov puts his most intimate thoughts into the mouth of his grandfather. So, the old man argues that only the country in which the population does not know what stupid obedience is successful is successful. But he believes only in good and true power, reason and unanimity. With the help of his aged hero, Nekrasov himself appeals to the reader, noting that grief and misfortune await a backward and devastated country.

Negative characters

It is interesting that in this poem there are enough negative characters. Describing their injustice towards the people, the poet often resorts to metaphors. For example, he writes that gentlemen and officials of various stripes simply squeeze the juice out of the people.

But the clerks, in his apt expression, are vile.

Artistic media

Describing clerks and other powers that be, he compares them with a greedy flock of predators who go on an unjust campaign against the people, bringing their own homeland closer to inevitable death.

Gets from Nekrasov in this work and military commanders. They, according to him, are atrocious in vain, driving the souls of soldiers into their heels so that after that the teeth of their subordinates fall like hail. And in the ranks, they don't even let them breathe. In this case, Nekrasov uses such a common poetic technique as hyperbole.

The main idea of ​​the poem

The description of Nekrasov's historical poem "Grandfather" helps to understand the main idea of ​​this work. Its key theme is the need to convey to new generations the values ​​that are true from the point of view of the author and the main characters, in the first place - the most retired general. And this is happiness and absolute people's freedom, wealth and prosperity of the state.

Nekrasov is trying to convey to the reader his main idea - the cause of the Decembrists did not die. It is still alive and has a large following. It continues to be led by new, no less educated and patriotic youth representatives.

Composition of the poem

The poetic work of Nikolai Nekrasov consists of 22 small chapters. It is interesting that several of them end with the same refrain: "Grow up, Sasha, you will know." And a few more chapters with various rhetorical questions: "Who? Who, having a soul, could endure this?"

The poem is relatively small in size, while its action spans several years. It all starts with a question that a very small boy Sasha asks about his grandfather, whom he saw in the portrait.

The poem ends with Sasha's sincere desire to know the sad story of his elderly relative.

There are several inserted episodes in the poem in which the grandfather indulges in stories about the settlements in Siberia that he met there.

The poem itself is written by the poet in three-foot dactyl. The feminine rhyme in it alternates with the masculine.

Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" was written in 1870. In this article we will describe its brief content, tell about the interesting history of the creation of the work. We will also analyze the poem "Grandfather" by Nekrasov. So, let's start with a summary.

The poem "Grandfather" (Nekrasov): a summary

Little Sasha once saw a portrait of a young general in his father's office and decided to ask who it was. The father replied that the man was his grandfather. But he didn't talk about it in detail. This is how Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" begins.

Sasha then ran to his mother and began to ask her where this man was now, and why the boy had never seen him. The mother had tears in her eyes, she sadly answered her son that he would find out everything himself when he grew up. Soon this mysterious grandfather came to visit the boy's family. Everyone welcomed him and were happy. Sasha decided to ask his grandfather why he hadn't been in the house for so long, and where his uniform was. But he answered, repeating the words of his mother: "Grow up - you will know."

Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" continues as follows. Sasha quickly became friends with the main character, they spent a lot of time walking together. Grandfather gave the impression of a very wise and experienced person. He was slender and stately, with a gray beard and white curls. By nature, this man seemed simple, no work frightened him. He talked a lot about the village of Tarbagatai, located somewhere beyond Baikal. Sasha could not yet understand exactly where it was located, but he hoped to find out when he grew up.

The poem we are describing tells, in particular, about what the protagonist did when he arrived home. Grandfather was a general, but despite this, he handled the plow very well, he even plowed the whole field alone. He never sat idle for a minute. Arriving home, grandfather walked, enjoyed nature, communication with his grandson, worked all the time (either in the garden, then behind the plow, then he darned something, repaired something). He also sang songs, told stories that greatly interested the boy, who grew up in a good family, which instilled in him an interest in the fate and history of the Russian people. Grandfather was often sad, remembering something. When Sasha was interested in the cause of this sadness, he replied that everything had already passed, everything was fine. After all, it’s a completely different time now, now it’s easier for the people.

Previously, he had seen so much suffering in the country that now everything around him seemed calm and peaceful. Grandfather often sang songs about the free people, the glorious campaign, the wonderful beauties.

Time passed right. Grandfather always answered any of Sasha's questions by saying: "Grow up - you will know." The boy thus developed a keen interest in learning. After some time, he already studied geography, history. The boy could show on the map where Petersburg, Chita were located, tell a lot about the life of the Russian people. Grandfather, due to past injuries, began to get sick more and more often. He now needed a crutch. He understood, looking at Sasha, that the boy would soon find out about the terrible events that had recently taken place in Russia - about this, Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" ends. Let's talk about the history of its creation.

Kostroma basis of the work

Nekrasov in the early seventies of the 19th century worked on a cycle consisting of poems about the fate of the Decembrists: "Grandfather" (written in 1870), as well as "Russian Women", which consisted of two parts: in 1871 "Princess Trubetskaya", and in 1872 - "Princess Volkonskaya".

Addressing this topic at first glance may seem uncharacteristic for a poet like Nekrasov, who is indifferent to historical subjects. However, as Nikolai Leonidovich Stepanov noted, this was precisely an appeal to the revolutionary pages of the past, and not to history as such, a reminder of selfless figures and the first attempt at revolution in our country.

The prototype of the grandfather

The plot basis of the work is the story of how the old Decembrist came to the estate to his son. He was released from Siberia in 1856 according to a manifesto published at that time.

Who is Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather" dedicated to? The prototype of the protagonist is Sergei Grigoryevich Volkonsky (years of life - 1788-1865) - a prince, a former major general, a famous Decembrist. S. G. Volkonsky in the summer of 1857 arrived in the Kostroma province.

In August 1857, the Governor of Moscow sent Andrey Fedorovich Voitsekh, his colleague in Kostroma, a special order to establish supervision of this man, who had gone to Buisky Uyezd, to his daughter's estate. By this time, she was already a widow, since Dmitry Vasilyevich Molchanov, her husband, who served under Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov-Amursky (Governor-General of all Eastern Siberia) as an official for special assignments, died in 1856. Elena Sergeevna, daughter of Volkonsky, in 1854 a son was born, who was named Seryozha in honor of his grandfather. Thus, the poem "Grandfather" (Nekrasov) as the main storyline has a basis taken by Nikolai Alekseevich from life (from Sergei Grigorievich Volkonsky's trip to the Kostroma province).

The history of the creation of the poem "Grandfather"

Nekrasov could learn about this trip from his old friend, Prince M. S. Volkonsky (years of life - 1832-1902), with whom he often went on a winter hunt from St. Petersburg. This man was the son of S. G. Volkonsky.

One of the main sources for the creation of this poem was, according to the just remark of Yu. V. Lebedev, the book "Siberia and Hard Labor" by S. V. Maksimov, published in the journal "Domestic Notes" (published by Nekrasov) in 1868-1869.

The most reliable sources that the poet had when working on these two poems were the information he took from the third part of this book - "State Criminals". It contained detailed descriptions of Siberian life and references of the Decembrists. The author not only visited all these places, but also visited the famous Tarbagatai. Nekrasov's story about him served as the ideological grain of the poem.

The impact of censorship on a work

The author had to change the plan of the poem "Grandfather" (Nekrasov) due to censorship. So, at the beginning of his acquaintance with the main character, Nekrasov writes that grandfather entered his house with the words that he made peace with everything that he had to endure in his lifetime. That is, this person realized that he was truly punished, reconciled with the regime that crippled his life. In fact, however, this was not the case at all. We draw this conclusion on the basis of the grandfather's subsequent speeches. Consequently, Nekrasov wrote these lines to disguise his work (the poem "Grandfather") from censorship.

The image of the main character

Grandfather is depicted as gray-haired, very old, but still active, cheerful, with whole teeth, a firm posture and a humble look. Nekrasov pays special attention to gray hair to show how long this man spent in Siberia, how difficult it was for him to live in that harsh land, what suffering he had to endure.

Grandfather is glad to tears to see his native nature, because in Siberia it is completely different - merciless, gray, alien. He dreams that the peasant people will finally be given freedom, and all of them - nobles, peasants - will live in harmony with each other, they will be happy with everything.

We continue the analysis of the poem "Grandfather" (Nekrasov - author). The old Decembrist says: "There will be a free people!" He believes that soon all difficulties will end, that is, he believes in the liberal reforms that Alexander II was carrying out at that time, in the fact that serf oppression will end.

A story about life in Siberia

Grandfather said that "wonderful divas create" the work and will of man. His belief in these qualities is confirmed by the story of how a habitable settlement was built in Siberia by a small group of people, bread was grown on what was considered barren, harsh northern land in the distant village of Tarbagatai. Now "beautiful tall" people lived there richly and happily.

Attitude towards different social groups of people

Grandfather calls clerks, officials and landlords money-grubbers (that is, self-interested people). They broke the fate of serfs, upset their marriages, beat, robbed, recruited young men. But there were good people in our country who sincerely worried about the fate of the country, the people. It was they who were among the Decembrists on Senate Square in 1825.

Reason, unanimity and united strength are needed for the struggle and victory over darkness, money-grubbing. True grief, according to grandfather, was that our country was ruined, lagged behind, and people turned out to be deaf to any attempts to develop it, revive it, since the people suffered without it.

But the main character calls to remember that there are no "irresistible victories" in the world. That is, sooner or later all pests and villains will come to an end, their evil will return to them a hundredfold, and the people will be avenged.

The time of the creation of the poem

This poem was created during a new social upsurge, which came in the late 1860s and early 70s, and was associated with the activities of the so-called revolutionary populists. Nekrasov, with his work, wanted to remind people of the heroic feat that the Decembrists accomplished, who openly opposed the authorities, and thereby focus on the importance of liberation ideas in Russia. In addition, he sought to draw the attention of his contemporaries to the fact that the position of the Russian people had changed little after the abolition of serfdom. Nekrasov raised the question of the need to continue to fight for the rights of workers, for social justice.

Topicality and relevance of the work

In the poem "Grandfather" the main character seeks to open his grandson's eyes to national disasters, to inspire the idea that it is necessary to serve truth and goodness. And his speeches meet with a lively response. Sasha, communicating with his grandfather, begins to look at the world differently, to think deeper. Now he hates the evil and stupid, wishes good to the poor. In his grandson, grandfather sought to raise a future citizen. The topicality and relevance of the poem lies precisely in this. It echoed the tasks set by the figures of that time, including N. A. Nekrasov.

"Grandfather" is a poem that was created taking into account the censorship requirements for the literature of that time. In the work, Nekrasov, for obvious reasons, could not speak openly about the case for which the hero was exiled to hard labor. The story of the Decembrist uprising sounds muffled in the poem. But the holy lofty idea of ​​serving the people runs like a bright line through the whole work.

The development of the theme in the further work of Nekrasov

The poet continued to work on reflecting the Decembrist theme. The next step was an appeal to the feat accomplished by the wives of the Decembrists, who went to distant Siberia to hard labor for their husbands. In a poem about princesses Volkonskaya and Trubetskoy, Nekrasov expresses his admiration for these best representatives of the noble circle, who realized the meaning of the cause for which their spouses suffered.

This concludes the analysis of such a work as the poem "Grandfather" (Nekrasov). The essay does not claim to be a complete disclosure of the topic, but we tried to consider everything as detailed as possible.