Influence of atmospheric pressure on the human condition. How atmospheric pressure affects a person. How does high pressure and low pressure manifest?

17.06.2019

High blood pressure is considered to be higher than 755 mm Hg. Such an increase atmospheric pressure primarily affects people prone to mental illness, as well as those with asthma. People with various cardiac pathologies also feel uncomfortable. This is especially pronounced at the moment when jumps in atmospheric pressure occur quite sharply.

In people with hypotension, an increase in atmospheric pressure also causes an increase in blood pressure. If a person is healthy, in such a situation in the atmosphere, only the upper systolic pressure rises, and if the person is hypertensive, arterial pressure with an increase in atmospheric pressure, it decreases.

Low atmospheric pressure

When atmospheric pressure drops to 748 mm Hg, people who are weather dependent experience severe discomfort. Hypotonics lose strength, they develop nausea and dizziness. Reduced atmospheric pressure also affects people with heart rhythm disturbances. People who are prone to depression and suicide feel an exacerbation of anxiety and anxiety, which sometimes leads to sad consequences. During this period, you should try to avoid excessive physical activity and sports. Very important, with medical preparations(prescribed by a doctor), as well as through hot black tea or (if there are no contraindications) a small portion of alcohol, to be able to somehow control your state of the body and mood.

At low atmospheric pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen decreases. In human arterial blood, the tension of this gas is noticeably reduced, which stimulates special receptors in the carotid arteries. The impulse from them is transmitted to the brain, resulting in rapid breathing. Thanks to enhanced pulmonary ventilation, the human body is able to fully provide oxygen at altitude (when climbing mountains).

The overall performance of a person at reduced atmospheric pressure is reduced by the following two factors: increased activity of the respiratory muscles, which requires the provision of additional oxygen, and the leaching of carbon dioxide from the body. A large number of people, with low atmospheric pressure, feel problems with some physiological functions, which leads to oxygen starvation of tissues and manifests itself in the form of shortness of breath, nausea, nosebleeds, suffocation, pain and changes in smell or taste, as well as arrhythmic heart function.

It is known that there are people who are especially sensitive to the weather. It's about about those who react to pressure drops by changing their state of health. It often happens that when you change your place of residence, your state of health worsens - this is how the body reacts to a change in pressure, it may differ from the usual indicators.

Instruction

It is quite easy for a person to endure an increase in atmospheric pressure, only with exceptionally high rates, disturbances in work are noted. respiratory system, hearts. As a rule, the reaction consists in a slight decrease in the frequency and slowing of breathing. If the pressure is excessive, then dryness of the skin, a feeling of slight numbness, dry mouth may be observed, but all these conditions, as a rule, do not cause excessive discomfort.

If we tolerate the increased pressure of the atmosphere around us easily, then lowering the pressure is fraught with problems. First, the heartbeat becomes frequent and uneven, which can cause serious inconvenience to some people. A drop in pressure leads to a slight oxygen starvation of the body, which is why such problems arise. As soon as the pressure in the atmosphere as a whole decreases, and the partial oxygen pressure. As a result, a person receives a reduced amount of oxygen, and it is no longer possible to replenish the reserves with normal breathing.

Experts recommend that with a decrease in atmospheric pressure with a special sensitivity to changes, rest, move less, give up sports and active work. You should spend more time outdoors, preferably in nature. Refuse heavy food, do not use, do not smoke. Eat small meals, but often. You can sedative teas and lungs (after consulting with your doctor first).

Tip 3: How low atmospheric pressure affects well-being

Many people suffer from meteosensitivity - the dependence of the state of health on fluctuations weather conditions. With a decrease in atmospheric pressure, a person's well-being can greatly deteriorate.

The effect of low atmospheric pressure on human well-being

The most susceptible to the influence of the cyclone are people who have problems with the heart and blood vessels, suffering from respiratory dysfunction. With a sharp decrease in atmospheric pressure, even a healthy person feels a slight malaise: a decrease in efficiency. Possible deterioration of the function of the gastrointestinal tract - increased gas formation.

During a cyclone, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere decreases. It becomes more difficult for a person to breathe, and this often leads to a decrease in blood pressure. As a compensatory reaction, breathing quickens and oxygen starvation of the body may develop, which causes fainting, exacerbations of chronic diseases. People with increased intracranial pressure may suffer from migraines.

During a cyclone, people suffering from hypertension feel good if their blood pressure has been elevated. However, if a person with the help of medicines brought his condition back to normal, with a low atmospheric condition, his state of health will be poor: a strong headache, in .

Hypotonic patients tolerate low blood pressure worse than hypertensive patients. They completely lose their strength, there is severe drowsiness, nausea, dizziness. The state of health also worsens in people with depression.

What to do if you feel unwell during a cyclone

During a cyclone, it is necessary to control the level of blood pressure in the body. It is recommended to consume more liquid during the day. A good restful sleep, a contrast shower, a cup of coffee, as well as tinctures of Eleutherococcus, lemongrass or ginseng will help maintain good health. Need to provide for yourself fresh air, for this you need to ventilate the room well or just take a walk.

Daytime sleep required. Ideally, the quiet hour should be between 10 am and 12 pm, in the summer - between 2 pm and 4 pm. It is important to wake up at least three hours before dusk. You can improve your well-being with nutrition. You need to eat something salty, such as a piece of herring. This will have a positive effect on the ionic balance and improve general state organism.

A person spends his life, as a rule, at an altitude of the Earth's surface, which is close to sea level. The organism in such a situation experiences the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. The normal value of pressure is considered to be 760 mm of mercury, this value is also called "one atmosphere". The pressure we experience from the outside is balanced by the internal pressure. In this regard, the human body does not feel the gravity of the atmosphere.

Atmospheric pressure can change during the day. Its performance also depends on the season. But, as a rule, such pressure surges occur within no more than twenty to thirty millimeters of mercury.

Such fluctuations are not noticeable to the body of a healthy person. But in people suffering from hypertension, rheumatism and other diseases, these changes can cause disturbances in the functioning of the body and deterioration in general well-being.

A person can feel a lower atmospheric pressure when he is on a mountain and takes off on an airplane. The main physiological factor of altitude is reduced atmospheric pressure and, consequently, reduced partial pressure oxygen.

The body reacts to low atmospheric pressure, first of all, by increasing breathing. Oxygen at altitude is discharged. This causes excitation of the chemoreceptors of the carotid arteries, and it is transmitted to medulla to the center, which is responsible for increased breathing. Thanks to this process, the pulmonary ventilation of a person who experiences low atmospheric pressure increases within the required limits and the body receives a sufficient amount of oxygen.

An important physiological mechanism that starts at low atmospheric pressure is the increased activity of the organs responsible for hematopoiesis. This mechanism manifests itself in an increase in the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood. In this mode, the body is able to transport more oxygen.

General information

Atmospheric pressure depends on the force with which the gaseous envelope surrounding it presses on the Earth.

The optimal pressure value at which a person does not experience discomfort is considered to be 760 mm Hg. A change up or down by just 10 mm has Negative influence for well-being.

Patients with diseases of the heart, blood vessels and circulatory system react with particular severity to pressure drops in the atmosphere. A special category includes people with high meteorological sensitivity.

The relationship between the ratio of the pressure of the mercury column and the deterioration of well-being can be traced with weather changes that occur as a result of the displacement of one atmospheric layer by another - a cyclone or anticyclone.

What happens in nature

Atmospheric pressure depends on factors such as location relative to sea level and local air temperature.

The difference in temperature indicators sets the predominance of low or high pressure values air masses, which causes the presence of peculiar atmospheric belts.

Warm latitudes are characterized by the formation of light air masses that rise up under the influence of high temperature. This is how cyclones are formed that carry low atmospheric pressure..

Heavy air prevails in the cold zone. It goes down, resulting in the formation of an anticyclone, high atmospheric pressure.

Other factors

The pressure in the atmosphere largely depends on the change of seasons. In summer it is characterized by low rates, in winter it reaches maximum values.

When the weather is stable, the human body adjusts to the existing atmospheric regime and does not experience discomfort.

Deterioration of well-being is observed during periods of displacement of a cyclone or anticyclone. This is especially acute with frequent changes, when the body does not have time to adapt to changing weather conditions.

Atmospheric fluctuations are also observed during the day. In the morning and evening hours, the pressure is high. After lunch and at midnight it goes down.

Doctors note the following relationship: if the weather is stable, there are fewer patients with complaints of poor health than with a sharp change in weather.

Impact of low scores

At low atmospheric pressure, accompanied by large quantity rainfall and gloomy weather, deterioration is observed in people with a low arterial index - hypotension.

They are sensitive to this condition. environment. They experience a drop in blood pressure, a decrease in vascular tone, and an exacerbation of symptoms characteristic of hypotension. Among them:

oxygen starvation;
dizziness;
weakness;
flashing "flies" in the eyes;
nausea.

Some even experience fainting, loss of consciousness. Such manifestations need urgent correction. For first aid, drugs that stabilize blood pressure are used.

take a pill of Citramon, Farmadol;
drink a cup of strong tea or coffee;
take 30-35 drops of tincture of Ginseng, Lemongrass, this has a beneficial effect.

How does an anticyclone affect health?

Increased atmospheric pressure is accompanied by dry, cloudless weather. Persons suffering from hypertension are more sensitive to the anticyclone.

Deterioration of well-being leads to the appearance of symptoms such as:

a sharp increase in pressure;
pain and heaviness in the heart zone;
breathing difficulties;
frequent pulse;
noise in ears;
increased anxiety;
weakness.

These symptoms may indicate a serious danger to the health of the patient. They indicate a condition characteristic of a hypertensive crisis.

With high blood pressure, which is associated with weather conditions, it is recommended to take drugs that lower blood pressure, previously recommended by the attending physician, and sedatives.

If these measures do not bring relief, you should consult a doctor. These symptoms should not be ignored, as they pose a serious threat to health and life.

The reaction of healthy people

The negative impact of atmospheric fluctuations is felt not only by persons prone to jumps in blood pressure. There is a category of people who react to pressure surges in the layers of the atmosphere who do not suffer from hypotension or hypertension.

The change in the climatic state also significantly affects their well-being. This category includes people with a high degree sensitivity.

A weather-dependent person has symptoms similar to those of hypertensive patients. The dominant symptom is an intense headache.

Causes of meteorological dependence

The absence of deviations in blood pressure from the norm (120/80) in healthy people does not guarantee a good condition during a change in atmospheric pressure. Sometimes it has a negative effect on their well-being.

Adaptation to its changes in many people is accompanied by the appearance of negative signs. main reason such a phenomenon becomes a predisposition to hypersensitivity, called dependence on atmospheric pressure.

important role in the body's adaptation to frequent shift weather conditions belongs to the thyroid gland. As a response, with increased pressure in the atmosphere and hyperthyroidism, blood pressure rises. Feedback observed in hypothyroidism, blood pressure decreases.

The conclusion follows from this: a violation of the function thyroid gland- a significant factor in the manifestation of meteorological dependence.

Who is at risk

The manifestation of the body's reaction to weather factors is characteristic of many categories of people:

The most susceptible to meteorological dependence are people over 40 years old.
Patients with weakened immunity, disorders in the activity of the nervous system and thyroid gland.
emotional natures.
People suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD).
Lack of required level physical activity leads to a weakening of vascular tone and, as a result, provokes poor health with increased or decreased atmospheric indicators.

Depression, neurosis and stress greatly increase the risk of negative symptoms against the background of changes in the atmospheric factor.

Not in the best way the lack of vitamins, malnutrition, devoid of the required amount of important microelements, while being carried away by fashionable starvation diets, affects the state of a person during the period of change of cyclones and anticyclones.

How to cure weather dependence

It is not possible to answer this question unambiguously. The treatment process is quite complicated, and the result is unstable. This is due to a large number of reasons that can provoke high sensitivity to changes in atmospheric pressure.

In order to alleviate the severity of the symptoms, the following methods of therapy are used:

Regular intake during the off-season of vitamin complexes and preparations that strengthen immune system.
Hypo- and hypertensive manifestations are corrected with the help of the right approach to nutrition, physical activity and good rest.
The use of sedatives is recommended. With serious deviations in blood pressure, especially towards higher values, the therapist prescribes drugs that reduce it. The treatment regimen in this case provides for a permanent intake medicines regardless of the patient's condition.

There are no universal drugs for weather dependence. Treatment includes individual approach in each specific case.

You should not try to deal with the problem on your own. This approach will mask the symptoms, but will not eliminate the cause of the weather sensitivity.

If the weather changes, patients with hypertension also feel bad. Consider how atmospheric pressure affects hypertensive patients and meteorologically dependent people.

Weather dependent and healthy people

Healthy people do not feel any changes in the weather. Weather dependent people experience the following symptoms:

Dizziness;
Drowsiness;
Apathy, lethargy;
joint pain;
Anxiety, fear;
Violations of the gastrointestinal tract;
fluctuations in blood pressure.

Often, health worsens in the fall, when there is an exacerbation of colds and chronic diseases. In the absence of any pathologies, meteosensitivity is manifested by malaise.

Unlike healthy people, weather-dependent people react not only to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, but also to increased humidity, sudden cooling or warming. The reason for this is often:

low physical activity;
The presence of diseases;
Fall of immunity;
Deterioration of the state of the central nervous system;
Weak blood vessels;
Age;
Ecological situation;
Climate.

As a result, the body's ability to quickly adapt to changes in weather conditions deteriorates.

If the atmospheric pressure is elevated (above 760 mm Hg), there is no wind and precipitation, they speak of the onset of an anticyclone. During this period, there are no sudden changes in temperature. The amount of harmful impurities in the air increases.

The anticyclone has a negative effect on hypertensive patients. An increase in atmospheric pressure leads to an increase in blood pressure. Working capacity decreases, pulsation and pains in the head, heart pains appear. Other symptoms of the negative influence of the anticyclone:

Increased heart rate;
Weakness;
Noise in ears;
redness of the face;
Flashing "flies" before the eyes.

The number of white blood cells in the blood decreases, which increases the risk of infections.

Elderly people with chronic cardiovascular diseases are especially susceptible to the effects of the anticyclone.. With an increase in atmospheric pressure, the likelihood of a complication of hypertension increases - a crisis, especially if blood pressure rises to 220/120 mm Hg. Art. It is possible to develop other dangerous complications (embolism, thrombosis, coma).

Poor effect on patients with hypertension and low atmospheric pressure - a cyclone. It is characterized cloudy weather, precipitation, high humidity. The air pressure drops below 750 mm Hg. Art. The cyclone has the following effect on the body: breathing becomes more frequent, the pulse quickens, however, the strength of heart beats is reduced. Some people experience shortness of breath.

With low air pressure, blood pressure also drops. Taking into account the fact that hypertensive patients take drugs to reduce pressure, the cyclone has a bad effect on well-being. The following symptoms appear:

Dizziness;
Drowsiness;
Headache;
Prostration.

In some cases, there is a deterioration in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

With an increase in atmospheric pressure, patients with hypertension and weather-dependent people should avoid active physical exertion. Need more rest. Recommended low calorie diet containing an increased amount of fruit.

Even "neglected" hypertension can be cured at home, without surgery and hospitals. Just don't forget once a day...

If the anticyclone is accompanied by heat, it is also necessary to exclude physical activity. If possible, stay in an air-conditioned room. Will be relevant low calorie diet. Increase the amount of foods rich in potassium in your diet.

Read also: What are the complications of hypertension?

To normalize blood pressure at low atmospheric pressure, doctors recommend increasing the amount of fluid consumed. Drink water, infusions of medicinal herbs. Need to reduce physical activity, more rest.

Good sleep helps. In the morning, you can allow a cup of a drink containing caffeine. During the day, you need to measure the pressure several times.

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Influence of pressure and temperature change

A lot of health problems can be delivered to hypertensive patients and changes in air temperature. During the anticyclone period, combined with heat, the risk of cerebral hemorrhages and heart damage increases significantly.

Due to the high temperature and high humidity the oxygen content in the air decreases. This weather is especially bad for the elderly.

The dependence of blood pressure on atmospheric pressure is not so strong when the heat is combined with low humidity and normal or slightly elevated air pressure.

However, in some cases, such weather conditions cause blood clotting. This increases the risk of blood clots and the development of heart attacks, strokes.

The well-being of hypertensive patients will worsen if atmospheric pressure rises simultaneously with a sharp decrease in ambient temperature. With high humidity, strong wind hypothermia (hypothermia) develops. Excitation of the sympathetic division of the nervous system causes a decrease in heat transfer and an increase in heat production.

The reduction in heat transfer is caused by a decrease in body temperature due to vasospasm. The process contributes to an increase in the thermal resistance of the body. To protect against hypothermia of the extremities, the skin of the face constricts the vessels that are in these parts of the body.

If the cooling of the body is very sharp, a persistent vascular spasm develops. This can cause an increase in blood pressure. In addition, a sharp cold snap changes the composition of the blood, in particular, the amount of protective proteins decreases.

Above sea level

As you know, the higher from sea level, the lower the air density and the lower the atmospheric pressure. At an altitude of 5 km, it decreases by about 2 r. The influence of air pressure on the blood pressure of a person located high above sea level (for example, in the mountains) is manifested by such signs:

Increased breathing;
Acceleration of heart rate;
Headache;
Asphyxiation attack;
Nosebleeds.

Read also: What causes high eye pressure

At the core negative impact reduced pressure air is oxygen starvation, when the body receives less oxygen. In the future, adaptation occurs, and well-being becomes normal.

A person who permanently lives in such an area does not feel the effect of low atmospheric pressure in any way. You should know that in hypertensive patients, when climbing to a height (for example, during flights), blood pressure can change dramatically, which threatens with loss of consciousness.

Underground

Under ground and water, air pressure is increased. Its effect on blood pressure is directly proportional to the distance one has to descend.

The following symptoms appear: breathing becomes deep and rare, heart rate decreases, but only slightly. The skin becomes slightly numb, the mucous membranes become dry.

The body is hypertensive, as well as ordinary person, adapts better to changes in atmospheric pressure if they occur slowly.

Much more severe symptoms develop due to a sharp drop: increase (compression) and decrease (decompression). Under conditions of high atmospheric pressure, miners and divers work.

They descend and rise underground (under water) through locks, where the pressure rises / falls gradually. At elevated atmospheric pressure, the gases contained in the air dissolve in the blood. This process is called "saturation". When decompressed, they come out of the blood (desaturation).

If a person goes down great depth underground or under water in violation of the exclusion regime, the body will be oversaturated with nitrogen. Decompression sickness will develop, in which gas bubbles penetrate the vessels, causing multiple embolisms.

The first symptoms of the pathology of the disease are muscle and joint pain. In severe cases, eardrums burst, dizziness, labyrinthine nystagmus develops. Decompression sickness sometimes ends in death.

Meteopathy

Meteopathy is a negative reaction of the body to changes in the weather. Symptoms range from mild malaise to severe myocardial dysfunction that can cause permanent tissue damage.

The intensity and duration of manifestations of meteopathy depend on age, build, and the presence of chronic diseases. Some ailments last up to 7 days. According to medical statistics, 70% of people with chronic ailments and 20% of healthy people have meteopathy.

The reaction to a change in the weather depends on the degree of sensitivity of the organism. The first (initial) stage (or meteosensitivity) is characterized by a slight deterioration in well-being, not confirmed by clinical studies.

The second degree is called meteorological dependence, it is accompanied by changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Meteopathy is the most severe third degree.

With hypertension, combined with meteorological dependence, the cause of deterioration of health can be not only fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, but also other environmental changes. Such patients need to pay attention to weather conditions and weather forecasts. This will allow you to take the measures recommended by the doctor in time.

Humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed. Illumination, air saturation with ozone, oxygen, dust, chemicals All of these things affect the body. Why do even cheerful, optimistic people in cloudy days feeling worse? Yes, because the body of any of us, when the weather changes, reconfigures all its biological systems. If, for example, there is a cold snap, the heat supply is reduced in it. And when atmospheric pressure drops, the pressure in the arteries drops. If the atmospheric pressure rises, the arterial pressure also rises. That is why, by the way, in clear weather, when there is usually high atmospheric pressure, many people have a headache.

Under normal conditions on the surface of the earth, annual fluctuations atmospheric air do not exceed 20-30 mm, and the daily allowance is 4-5 mm. Healthy people tolerate them easily and imperceptibly. Some patients are very sensitive to even such slight changes in pressure. So, with a decrease in pressure in people suffering from rheumatism, pain appears in the affected joints, in patients with hypertension, the state of health worsens, angina pectoris attacks are observed. In people with increased nervous excitability, sudden changes in pressure cause a feeling of fear, deterioration of mood and sleep.

A decrease in pressure is followed by cloudy, rainy weather, an increase is followed by dry weather, with a strong cooling in winter.

Atmospheric pressure imperceptibly for us mechanically irritates the receptors of the skin and mucous membranes. When it increases, the irritation of the receptors of the skin and mucous membranes also increases. As a result, the oxygen content in the blood decreases. And this causes an exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases.

A decrease in atmospheric pressure worsens the well-being of those who suffer from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, the gases in it expand, causing bloating, the diaphragm rises and it becomes difficult to breathe. On such days, you should not eat foods that cause bloating: peas, beans, potatoes, cabbage.

It has been established that with a change in atmospheric pressure, a number of physiological changes occur, the leading pathogenetic link of which is the reaction of skin baroreceptors to external stimuli.

Temperature conditions significantly affect the processes of thermoregulation, metabolism, muscle and nervous activity, causing changes in biochemical and bioelectrical processes in tissues and organs. Great importance have air humidity and wind speed. The effect of wind on the body is mediated by a direct effect on the skin, contributing to its heating or cooling. However, this depends on the level relative humidity and air temperature. Some authors also associate with high atmospheric pressure (more than 750 mm Hg). In 32% of cases, exacerbation of bronchial asthma was associated with an increase in atmospheric pressure, in 29% - with a change in the relative humidity of the air, in 64% - with a change in air temperature. In 25% of patients, exacerbations of bronchial asthma were observed with a combination of the influence of various climatic factors.

On the well-being of a person who has lived in a certain area for a long time, the usual, i.e. characteristic pressure should not cause a particular deterioration in well-being.

Staying in conditions of high atmospheric pressure is almost no different from normal conditions. Only with very high pressure there is a slight decrease in heart rate and a decrease in minimum blood pressure. Breathing becomes more rare, but deep. Hearing and smell slightly decrease, the voice becomes muffled, there is a feeling of a slightly numb skin, dryness of the mucous membranes, etc. However, all these phenomena are relatively easily tolerated.

More unfavorable phenomena are observed during changes in atmospheric pressure - an increase (compression) and especially its decrease (decompression) to normal. The slower the change in pressure occurs, the better and without adverse consequences the human body adapts to it.

Reduced atmospheric pressure as a professional factor occurs during the work of the flight crew, as well as when performing various kinds of work in mountainous areas (mining, road construction, mountaineering, etc.). The magnitude of the decrease in atmospheric pressure depends on the increase in altitude, where the flight is or are being performed. special work. By itself, the reduced barometric pressure factor can only be of some importance if the pressure is reduced very quickly; the main role is played by the decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen as the atmospheric pressure decreases.

The lower the atmospheric pressure, the lower the partial pressure of oxygen in the air. A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen leads to a decrease in its tension in the alveoli. From 100 mm Hg. Art., observed at normal atmospheric pressure, the oxygen tension in the alveolar air drops to 70 mm (height 2000 m) and up to 50-55 mm (height 4000-4500m). Most danger zone is the height of 8000-8500 m.

A drop in partial pressure in the lungs from 100 to 40 mm results in a decrease in blood oxyhemoglobin from 92 to 84%. In the future, this fall is even more steep and leads to a deterioration in oxygen supply to tissues (anoxemia).

Pathological phenomena that develop in the body when a low pressure enters the atmosphere, especially when it decreases rapidly, are associated with oxygen starvation of tissues, mainly the brain (flight sickness, mountain sickness).

The clinic of the disease has much in common with decompression sickness. Therefore, first of all, they appear in a strong muscle weakness, coordination disorder, decreased memory and attention, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, tachycardia, bleeding from the nose, mouth, intestines. Eye symptoms are also associated with changes in the central nervous system. There is a decrease in visual acuity, visual fields, color perception and deep vision are disturbed. All these phenomena disappear when descending to a lower height or when pure oxygen is inhaled. The body carries out the fight against oxygen starvation with the help of compensatory-adaptive reactions. Respiratory movements become more frequent and deeper, cardiac activity intensifies, pulse quickens, blood flow accelerates, the number of red blood cells increases, hemoglobin content increases - all this taken together enhances the delivery of oxygen to the blood, and with it to the tissues.

Training significantly increases the body's resistance to oxygen deficiency. However, it should be borne in mind that permanent residence in highlands even for trained subjects it is limited to a height of 4000 m. Adaptation to work at such an altitude is very slow.

If you experience symptoms of decompression sickness while flying high altitudes pilots are advised to immediately begin their descent as soon as possible. more speed. Usually, the symptoms disappear when descending to 6500-7000 m. In case of severe phenomena, a landing is necessary, followed by a suspension from flights for 1-2 days.

The main preventive measure when working in conditions of low atmospheric pressure is the use of apparatus for inhaling pure oxygen, providing warm and comfortable clothing.

Of great importance is also a strict professional selection in the profession associated with staying in conditions of low partial oxygen content, periodic medical examination, as well as preliminary training in a pressure chamber, breathing exercises etc.

With a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, its tension in the alveolar air decreases. So, for example, if at normal atmospheric pressure the alveolar oxygen pressure is 100 mm Hg, then at an atmospheric pressure of 600 mm it will be 60 mm, and at a pressure of 350 mm (height 6000 m) - about 30 mm Hg. Art. In this regard, of course, blood oxygen saturation decreases, i.e., anoxemia sets in - the main cause of mountain sickness, or, more correctly, altitude sickness.

The state of anoxemia in altitude sickness, first of all, causes pathological phenomena from the higher nervous activity.

With reduced atmospheric pressure, there is an increase and deepening of breathing, an increase in heart rate (their strength is weaker), a slight drop in blood pressure, and changes in the blood are also observed in the form of an increase in the number of red blood cells. The basis of the adverse effect of low atmospheric pressure on the body is oxygen starvation. It is due to the fact that with a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen also decreases, therefore, with the normal functioning of the respiratory and circulatory organs, a smaller amount of oxygen enters the body.

We have no control over the weather. But to help your body survive this difficult period is not difficult at all. When predicting a significant deterioration in weather conditions, and therefore sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, first of all, one should not panic, calm down, reduce physical activity as much as possible, and for those who have a rather difficult adaptation, it is necessary to consult a doctor about prescribing appropriate medications.

Completed:

Bogdanov Andrey

11 years

Supervisor:

Yakushkina Natalia Viktorovna,

Physics teacher

Akhtubinsk

Astrakhan region

Research work

in physics on the topic:

"The influence of atmospheric pressure on human health".

I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………
II. Main part. Chapter 1. The state of the research question according to the literature……..
1.1. A bit of history………………………………………………………
1.2. Atmospheric pressure, what is it? .............................................. ................
1.3. Why measure atmospheric pressure?
Chapter 2. Influence of atmospheric pressure fluctuations on the human body
2.1. What happens when atmospheric pressure decreases?
2.2. What happens when atmospheric pressure rises?
Chapter 3. Conducting research and conclusions…………………………….
3.1. General characteristics of the study…………………..
3.2. Research results and conclusions…………………………………..
III. Conclusion………………………………………………………………….
IV. List of used literature and Internet resources.…………………………………….

Hypothesis: Atmospheric pressure affects the human body and well-being?

my goal research work- find out if there is a relationship between the well-being of people and the value of atmospheric air pressure, as well as changes in this pressure.

Tasks of the work: To analyze the literature and other sources on the issue under consideration. Find out what effect atmospheric pressure has on the well-being and health of a person, which people are more susceptible to the influence of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure.

The object of the study is people of different age categories (from 10 to 50 years old), with different health conditions.

The subject of the research is atmospheric pressure, its influence on the well-being and health of a person.

Introduction.

Man is an integral part of nature!

Everything in this world has a clear relationship, various phenomena form a certain balance. I want to explore the relationship between weather conditions and human well-being.

Some people, often moving in temporary and climatic zones(frequent flights), the climate is constantly changing and they feel very comfortable at the same time. Others, on the contrary, just relaxing, feel the slightest fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric pressure, which in turn negatively affects their well-being - it is this sensitivity to changes in weather conditions that is called meteorological dependence.

Meteorologically dependent people or people - "barometers" - are most often patients suffering from heart diseases. vascular system, often working long hours, constantly overtired and not resting enough.

Meteorologically dependent people include people with diseases of atherosclerosis of the vessels of the heart, brain and lower extremities, patients with diseases of the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, allergies and patients with neurasthenia.

What factors influence a person's well-being? For a complete description of the atmospheric environment that directly affects human body, the following factors must be taken into account: air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, solar radiation fluxes, long-wave solar radiation, precipitation, air composition atmospheric electricity, atmospheric radioactivity, subsonic noise.

Main part

Chapter 1. The state of the research question according to the literature.

Reporting on television or radio about the weather, announcers and presenters usually report at the end: atmospheric pressure is 750 mmHg (or 747, or 756 ...). But how many people understand what this means, and where do weather forecasters get this data from? In my work, I want to talk about how atmospheric pressure is measured, how it changes and affects a person.

1.1. A bit of history

The Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli was the first to measure atmospheric pressure in 1643. Developing the teachings of Galileo, Torricelli, after long experiments, proved that air has weight, and the pressure of the atmosphere is balanced by a column of water of 32 feet, or 10.3 m. He went even further in his research and later invented a device for measuring atmospheric pressure - a barometer.

1.2. Atmospheric pressure, what is it?

Atmospheric pressure - the pressure of atmospheric air on the objects in it and on earth's surface. At each point in the atmosphere, atmospheric pressure is equal to the weight of the overlying column of air with a base equal to unit area. Atmospheric pressure decreases with height. In accordance with international system units (SI system) the main unit for measuring atmospheric pressure is the hectopascal (hPa), however, in the service of a number of organizations it is allowed to use the old units: millibar (mb) and millimeter of mercury (mm Hg). Normal atmospheric pressure (at sea level) is 760 mm Hg (mm Hg) at 0 degrees C.

1.3. Why measure atmospheric pressure?

Atmospheric pressure is measured in order to be more likely to predict a possible change in the weather. There is a direct relationship between pressure changes and weather changes. An increase or decrease in atmospheric pressure can, with some probability, be a sign of a change in the weather.

Chapter 2 person.

In order for a person to be comfortable, atmospheric pressure should be equal to 750 mm. rt. pillar.

If atmospheric pressure deviates, even by 10 mm, in one direction or another, a person feels uncomfortable and this may affect his state of health.

A person, getting into a space where the pressure is much lower than atmospheric pressure, for example, on high mountains or when taking off or landing an airplane, often experiences pain in the ears and even in the whole body. External pressure decreases rapidly, the air inside us begins to expand, puts pressure on various organs and causes pain.

With an increase in pressure, there is an increased absorption of gases by body fluids, and with a decrease in pressure, the release of dissolved gases. With a rapid decrease in pressure due to the intense release of gases, the blood boils, as it were, which leads to blockage of blood vessels, often fatal.

2.1. What happens when atmospheric pressure decreases?

With a decrease in atmospheric pressure, air humidity rises, precipitation and an increase in air temperature are possible.

The first to feel the decrease in atmospheric pressure are people with low blood pressure (hypotension), "cores", as well as people with respiratory diseases.

Most often, there is general weakness, shortness of breath, a feeling of lack of air, shortness of breath occurs.

A decrease in atmospheric pressure is especially acute and painful for people with high intracranial pressure. They get worse migraine attacks. In the digestive tract, too, not everything is in order - there is discomfort in the intestines, due to increased gas formation .

2.2. What happens when atmospheric pressure rises?

When atmospheric pressure rises, the weather becomes clear and does not have sudden changes in humidity and temperature.

With an increase in atmospheric pressure, the state of health worsens in hypertensive patients, patients suffering from bronchial asthma and allergy sufferers.

When the weather becomes calm, the concentration of harmful industrial impurities in the city air increases, which are an irritating factor for people with respiratory diseases.

Frequent complaints are headaches, malaise, pain in the heart and decreased overall ability to work. An increase in atmospheric pressure has a negative effect on emotional background and often acts as the main cause of sexual disorders.

Another negative characteristic of high atmospheric pressure is a decrease in immunity. This is due to the fact that an increase in atmospheric pressure lowers the number of leukocytes in the blood, and the body becomes more vulnerable to various infections.

Chapter 3. Research and conclusion.

3.1. General characteristics of the study.

After analyzing the changes in atmospheric pressure and air temperature, I built the corresponding graphs.

Atmospheric pressure graph from February 20 to February 29, 2012. (fig.1)

Graph of air temperature for the period from 20 to 29 February 2012. (fig.2)

I conducted a survey among students, their parents and school teachers.

Survey participants were asked to answer the following questions (answer options are given in brackets).

1. What is your gender? ("male", "female")

2. What is your age? ("10-20", "20-30", "30-40", "40-50")

3. Do you have high or low blood pressure more often? ("not selected (healthy)", "low", "high")

4. How have you been feeling during the last 5-7 days? ("very bad", "worse than usual", "normal", "feeling great")

5. Do you tend to correlate your state of health with changes in the weather? (“I find it difficult to answer”, “they do not depend on each other”, “most likely, this is so”, “definitely, there is a relationship”)

Based on the results of the answers to the first and second questions, we built the corresponding diagrams (Fig. 3),

When answering the third question (about the respondents' predisposition to have deviations from normal blood pressure), I received the following data: (Fig. 5)
A large number of hypotensive patients are women, and hypertensive patients are men. The number of healthy people was distributed almost equally.

On the next question about the state of health in the last few days, the opinion of the respondents was divided. (fig.6)

When answering the question, is there any relationship between a person’s well-being and air pressure, everyone recognizes its presence (Fig. 7)
The distribution for men and women is approximately the same. Difficult to answer this question students aged 10 to 20.

3.2 Research results and conclusions.

I will consider the percentage of people who felt bad among hypotensive, hypertensive and conditionally healthy people (Fig. 8)

Before summing up the results of the work done, I would like to draw attention to the recommendations of doctors:

How to help yourself with a decrease in atmospheric pressure?

· An important point is to normalize your blood pressure and maintain it at the usual (normal) level.

Drink more fluids (green tea, with honey)

Don't skip your morning coffee these days

These days you should not give up morning coffee

Take tinctures of ginseng, lemongrass, eleutherococcus

After a working day, take a contrast shower

Go to bed earlier than usual

(slide 22), (slide 23)

How to help yourself with an increase in atmospheric pressure?

Make it easy morning exercises

Take a contrast shower

· Morning breakfast should contain more potassium (cottage cheese, raisins, dried apricots, bananas)

Do not overeat during the day

If you have increased intracranial pressure, take in advance medications prescribed by a neurologist

Take care of your nervous and immune system - do not start important things on this day

Try to make the most of this day physical strength and emotions, because your mood will leave much to be desired

· Upon arrival at home, rest for 40 minutes, go about your daily activities and try to go to bed early.

1) The task was solved: the influence of atmospheric pressure on the well-being and health of a person was discovered.

2) It was possible to obtain factual information about the effect of atmospheric pressure on the human body.

3) As a result of full-scale experimental studies, scientific material was obtained in the form of graphs.

Conclusion: The state of health of the vast majority of people directly depends on atmospheric pressure (even with a slight fluctuation). A change in pressure can affect the body, it must necessarily respond to sudden changes in external conditions.

Changes in atmospheric pressure affect well-being in different ways different people. In a healthy person, when atmospheric pressure changes, the physiological processes in the body are timely adjusted to the changed environmental conditions. As a result, the protective reaction is enhanced, and healthy people practically do not feel its negative influence. In a sick person, adaptive reactions are weakened, so the body loses the ability to quickly adapt.

Conclusion.

The data obtained in the course of the work carried out allow us to conclude that a person's well-being depends on changes in atmospheric pressure. The human body is affected by both low and high atmospheric pressure.

A very large amount of gases is dissolved in the tissue fluid and in the tissues of the body. With increased pressure, gases do not have time to stand out from the body. Since their solubility in the blood decreases during the transition from high to normal pressure, gas bubbles appear in the blood; the latter can lead to vascular embolism, i.e. clogging them with gas bubbles. Carbon dioxide and oxygen, as gases that are chemically bound by blood, are less dangerous than nitrogen, which, being readily soluble in fats and lipids, accumulates in in large numbers in the brain and nerve trunks, especially rich in these substances. For especially sensitive people, increased atmospheric pressure may be accompanied by joint pain and a number of brain phenomena: dizziness, vomiting, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness.

With a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen also decreases, therefore, with the normal functioning of the respiratory and circulatory organs, a smaller amount of oxygen enters the body. As a result, the blood is not sufficiently saturated with oxygen and does not fully deliver it to organs and tissues, which leads to oxygen starvation.

At the same time, training and hardening of the body play an important role in prevention. It is necessary to go in for sports, systematically perform this or that physical work. Nutrition at low atmospheric pressure should be high-calorie, varied and rich in vitamins and mineral salts. With increased pressure, it is recommended to rest more, take your time, slowly climb the floors .

Literature:

1. Zorin N.I., elective course"Elements of Biophysics" - M., "Vako", 2007.

2..Volkov V.A., S.V. Gromova, Pourochnye development in physics, 7th grade. - M. "Wako", 2005.

3. Material from the Internet:

CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics by David R. Lide, Editor-in-Chief 1997 Editio

http://thermo.karelia.ru

http://www.baroma.ru

http://www.slideboom.com

http://www.infarkty.net

http://images.yandex.ru/

4. Photos from the Internet: