Interesting facts from the life of Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1 photo). Jacques-Yves Cousteau and his underwater world When Jacques-Yves Cousteau was born
I happened to visit the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco two days ago, where Jacques Yves Cousteau was the director for 32 years. I was surprised that this museum does not even have a photograph of this great man. A whole era of oceanographic research is associated with this name. I have always admired what he did and how brilliantly he did it. Cousteau showed the whole world what the path of a person going against the current can be, opening new pages in the book of life, conquering himself, his own laziness, indecision and static, and most importantly, his own fear. What is it like to go down on a single-seat submarine to a depth of more than 500 meters in complete darkness? He died in 1997, and his era ended with him. Cousteau's films are not shown, and new explorers cannot reach his level of understanding of the ocean depths. The young wife (and he married a second time already in extreme old age) did not love him enough to devote herself to preserving his business. The younger son died in a plane crash, and the eldest became a businessman and also does little to perpetuate the memory of his father. Jacques-Yves Cousteau largely determined the fate of his creations himself, having an affair with Air France stewardess Francine Triplet, whom he met in 1976 - this novel was destined to last until his death. While Captain's fans around the world still saw Simone's sons Jean-Michel and Philippe scuba diving in his films, flight attendant Francine and the two children she bore to Captain remained in the shadows. For a long 15 years, Cousteau only occasionally appeared in society with Francine, introducing her as his niece. Six months after the death of his first wife Simone from cancer, Jacques-Yves Cousteau solemnly registered his marriage to Francine. The 81-year-old Captain brought the new Madame Cousteau out of the city hall of Paris - she was 36. On that day, their common children, 10-year-old Diana and 8-year-old Pierre-Yves, were first introduced to the general public. The new Madame Cousteau began to systematically get rid of everything that was associated with the name of the former. “This is the revenge of an offended woman for 15 years living in the shadows with her children. She erases the history in which she did not take part, ”says journalist Bernard Dussol, author of the book“ The Last Adventure of Calypso ”. Simone created the legend "Jacques-Yves Cousteau", and Francine takes dividends from her. Simone's youngest son Philip died, all other family members are being sued fiercely. Is this really the end of the story of the great explorer? In place of romantic ecologists, eager for new discoveries, managers came to the Cousteau Society, eager to increase the company's revenues. Typical gangsters are the new managers of the Cousteau Society, which is led by a young widow.! They almost compose threatening letters: “Beware! We will sue you for copyright infringement!” If the popularization of Cousteau does not bring money, its managers slow down any undertakings. One American publisher asked the widow for a photograph of Cousteau to be published in a school textbook - she refused.
It is somehow difficult to apply the usual measure of the average member of society to talented people who have laid their lives on the altar of science or art, since it is, like a Procrustean bed, too narrow and short for a person who has fully revealed his inner potential. Such people at all times remained incomprehensible to others, and even if they gained world fame, they still found themselves in deep loneliness alone with their spiritual impulses, discoveries and prophetic thoughts ahead of time. This happened with Jacques-Yves Cousteau, who, even having received universal recognition, a lot of prizes, awards and titles, remained not understood as a person who became the discoverer of a different reality. An aquanaut who looked into the heart of the Ocean, a medium who heard the low voice of the element of water that gave birth to life itself, a wanderer between the world of people and fish, a guide to the kingdom of Poseidon - there are a lot of epithets for this extraordinary person, but none of them can claim to be full-fledged and volumetric transmission of the image of the great explorer of the deep sea.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau- the famous French oceanographer, one of the inventors of scuba diving, an enthusiast of underwater research. Born June 11, 1910 in the French town of San André de Couzbac. His father was a native of Belarus, went to Europe to work and became a lawyer. In 1933, Cousteau graduated from the French Naval Academy and received the rank of lieutenant. He dreamed of a naval career, saw himself as a captain of a military cruiser. Cousteau was assigned to the training ship Jeanne d'Arc and sailed all over the world, but in 1936 he was involved in a car accident that permanently closed his military career. .
In 1937, Cousteau met Philippe Taye, a naval officer, poet, humanist, and a man in love with the sea. It was he who became Cousteau's "godfather" in free diving. From the moment they met, Cousteau forever devotes himself to the knowledge of the secrets of the underwater world. Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Philippe Taillet and Frederic Dumas, who soon joined them, have been almost inseparable ever since - they were even nicknamed the "Three Musketeers". They dive, looking for a way to extend their stay under water using all means known to them.
In 1943, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, together with Emile Gallian, invented an apparatus designed to breathe underwater - the first scuba gear. Already in 1946, the industrial production of scuba gear began. Cousteau's passion for scuba diving and exploring the ocean depths prompted him to other discoveries: he came up with an "underwater saucer" - a small maneuverable submarine, as well as various types of video cameras for underwater photography.
In 1950, he purchased a decommissioned British destroyer and converted it into a floating research laboratory that became known worldwide as the Calypso. It was on this legendary ship that Cousteau and his crew traveled around the world more than once, explored marine flora and fauna, made unique recordings, filming, and photographs.
In 1953, Cousteau received worldwide recognition as a writer. Peace of Silence" the first book that opened the world of the ocean to the general public. The film adaptation of this book was awarded the Palme d'Or at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival and an Oscar. The second "Oscar" Cousteau received for the screenplay of the film "Golden Fish" ("Golden Fish"). Among his other books should be noted "The Living Sea" (1963), "Dolphins" (1975), "Jacques Cousteau: the world of the ocean" (1985). Peru Cousteau owns dozens of books (some of them translated into Russian), he also shot 104 films from the Cousteau Team Odyssey series. In 1956, Jacques-Yves Cousteau retired from the French Navy with the rank of captain.
1957 Prince Rainier of Monaco invites Cousteau to become director of the famous Oceanographic Museum of the Principality. He accepts the offer, and this suits both parties perfectly: the state takes advantage of the cinematic fame of the researcher Cousteau, and Jacques Yves can congratulate himself on his appointment to a scientific position. In fact, he never called himself a scientist, but acted and behaved as if he were one. It is enough to listen to his other speeches and comments in copyright films to be convinced of this. This state of affairs irritated some
Here is the time to remember the children of Jacques Yves Cousteau. He has two sons. Senior Jean-Michel in I960 becomes an architect. Soon he is already doing several sketches for his father. The younger Philippe, having received a bachelor's degree in 1961, entered the military service in the French Navy, and after some time - at the Higher Cinematographic Courses. Ots takes an active part in his father's research activities. In 1962, Jacques-Yves Cousteau begins his legendary experiment to study the full life under water. We are talking about Operation Precontinent I, during which two swimmers, Albert Falco and Claude Wesley, will live for a week on the high seas opposite the coast of Marseille in an underwater house at a depth of 10 m and work at a depth of 25 m under water.
The results of the work were encouraging, and in 1963 the operation "Precontinent II" was undertaken in the Red Sea, followed by "Precontinent III" in 1965 ... Five people, including "veterans" of the first "Precontinent", participate in the second experiment and six in the third. Among them is Philippe Cousteau. And if it is absolutely irrefutable that these experiments have made it possible to achieve certain scientific and technical results, it is better to study the characteristics of the human psyche in a closed space at a depth, then they were equally regarded by the authorities as too expensive. An interesting documentary was filmed in 2010 about this wonderful unsurpassed person.
These are my thoughts after visiting the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco.
The monumental building of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, as if carved from the rock, has been rising on the rocky coast of the Mediterranean Sea for almost a hundred years as a monument to human genius.
For the first time, the idea of creating such a museum arose in 1899. The founder of the museum is Prince Albert I of Monaco, a passionate navigator and amateur oceanographer.
Huge collections of the prince, obtained during sea expeditions, including various exhibits from marine instruments to inhabitants of the deep sea, required special storage conditions, so it was decided to create a specialized museum for their maintenance with a library, auditoriums and a laboratory.
Fortunately, the problem of financing scientific research in those days did not exist in Monaco - the huge income from the activities of the Monte Carlo casino was generously spent on the maintenance of the museum and new sea expeditions.
The death of the prince in 1922, the world wars and the post-war economic crisis threatened to close the museum. But the interest of tourists in Monaco, which arose again in the post-war period, did the impossible: Oceanographic Museum of Monaco became the first institution of its kind in the world that could fully cover its expenses from the proceeds from the sale of tickets.
In addition, at the same time, the international committee of the museum decided to invite the famous oceanologist Jacques Yves Cousteau to the position of its director. Who managed to revive the traditions of Prince Albert I and gave a new round of life to the museum, which has not ceased to improve to this day.
Today, 90 aquariums of the museum provide visitors with the opportunity to look into the waters of absolutely all the seas and oceans of the globe. The museum has a rare collection of 4000 species of fish, 200 species of invertebrates and 100 species of tropical corals.
Inside the museum is a series of halls equipped with beautiful aquariums, which in themselves are a technological breakthrough in this area.
Inspired by aviation, he entered the Academy of Naval Aviation, but due to injuries sustained in a car accident in 1936, he had to leave his studies. Cousteau returned to naval service on a warship. Then he became seriously interested in diving. To prevent water from corroding his eyes, he invented waterproof goggles. Experiments with underwater equipment followed.
During the Second World War, Cousteau began work for French naval intelligence, which, when possible, supported the continuation of diving experiments, helped the French resistance movement.
In 1943, Cousteau and engineer Emile Gagnan invented the self-contained scuba suit. With its help, it was possible to move freely under water and go down under water to a depth of 90 meters. Cousteau invented waterproof cameras and lighting devices, as well as the first underwater television system.
After the war, he helped in clearing underwater mines from sea areas. Later, the Naval Ministry placed at the disposal of Cousteau the floating base "Albatross", which was renamed the "Elie Monnier", to work out the technique of scuba diving. The ship's crew, which included experienced divers and academic scientists, was engaged not only in the improvement of diving equipment, but also in underwater research off the coast of Corsica, Sardinia, Tunisia, Morocco and the Atlantic.
In 1950, Cousteau purchased a decommissioned minesweeper and converted it into a floating research laboratory that became known worldwide as the Calypso. It was on this legendary ship that Cousteau and his crew traveled around the world more than once, explored marine flora and fauna, made unique recordings, filming, and photographs.
In 1957, he headed the Oceanological Museum, while not leaving underwater expeditions. In the process of underwater research, Cousteau designed diving apparatuses to various sea depths, the so-called "diving saucers", adapted a movie camera for underwater filming.
Back in the war years, he began to engage in underwater filming and the creation of scientific and educational documentaries based on his own materials. Many expeditions of the research ship Calypso were also filmed by him and shown in films and on television.
Since 1966 he has hosted a program on television.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau was the author of 50 books, including "In the world of silence" (written with Frederic Dumas and James Dagen), "A world without sun", "So that there were no secrets in the world", "Callipso" and corals "," Oceans". The film version of the book "In the World of Silence" in 1956 was awarded the Oscar and the French Palme d'Or, in 1965 a documentary film called "A World without Sun" also received the Oscar.
Concerned about the destruction of marine ecosystems, in 1974 Cousteau founded a non-profit society for the protection of the marine environment, which was called the Cousteau Society.
For his work, Cousteau was awarded numerous awards, including the Order of the Legion of Honor. In 1977, the United Nations awarded him the International Environmental Prize. In 1989 he was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Cousteau was married twice. The first wife was Simone Melchior, she died in 1990. They had two sons, Jean-Michel and Philippe, who died in a plane crash in 1979. In 1991, Cousteau married Francine Triplet, who gave birth to his daughter and son.
Jacques Yves Cousteau died on June 25, 1997 in Paris (France). He was buried in the Saint-André-de-Cubzac cemetery.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
). Married Elizabeth Duranton (Duranthon; b. 21 Nov. 1878), daughter of a pharmacist from his hometown; the family settled in the 17th arrondissement of Paris at 12, lane Doisy (fr.). On March 18, 1906, their first child, Pierre-Antoine, was born. Four years later, Jacques-Yves was born at his grandfather's house in Saint-André-de-Cubzac.
Daniel's family traveled a lot. Jacques-Yves became interested in water at an early age. At the age of 7 he was diagnosed with chronic enteritis, so the family doctor did not recommend heavy loads. Due to his illness, Cousteau became very thin. During the First World War, Daniel Cousteau became unemployed, but after the war he again found work in the company of the American Eugene Higgins. He had to travel a lot on business, his sons went to school and spent most of the year in a boarding school. Cousteau learned to swim early and fell in love with the sea for the rest of his life. In 1920, Eugene Higgins returned to New York, the Cousteau family following him. Jacques-Yves and Pierre-Antoine went to school in the US and learned to speak English fluently. There, during a family vacation in Vermont, the brothers made their first dives. In 1922 Higgins and the Cousteau family returned to France. In the US, Jacques-Yves became interested in mechanics and design. In France, he built a battery-powered car. This passion helped him in his work in the future. With the money saved and earned, Cousteau bought himself his first movie camera. Although Jacques-Yves was interested in many things, study was not given to him. After some time, his parents decided to send him to a special boarding school, which he graduated with honors.
From the early 1950s, Cousteau conducted oceanographic research with the help of the Calypso (Decommissioned minesweeper of the British Royal Navy). Recognition came to Cousteau with the release of the book "In the world of silence" in 1953, co-authored with Frederic Dumas. The film, based on the book, won the Oscar and the Palme d'Or in 1956. In 1957 Cousteau was appointed director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco. In 1973 he founded the non-profit "Cousteau Society" for the protection of the marine environment.
In 1991, a year after the death of his wife Simone from cancer, he married Francine Triplet. By that time, they already had a daughter, Diana (1979) and a son, Pierre (1981), born before marriage. Cousteau died at the age of 87 from a myocardial infarction as a result of a complication of a respiratory disease. He was buried in the family plot in the Saint-André-de-Cubzac cemetery.
Marine research
- According to his first book, "In the World of Silence", Cousteau began diving using a mask, snorkel and fins, along with Frédéric Dumas and Philippe Taillet in 1938. In 1943, he tested the first prototype scuba gear he had developed with Emile Gagnan. This made it possible for the first time to conduct long-term underwater research, which greatly contributed to the improvement of modern knowledge of the underwater world. Cousteau became the creator of waterproof cameras and lighting devices, and also invented the first underwater television system.
Biology
Before it became known about the ability of porpoises to echolocation, Cousteau suggested the possibility of its existence. In his first book, "In the World of Silence" he reported that his research vessel Elie Monier moving towards the Strait of Gibraltar and noticed a group of pigs following them. Cousteau changed the course of the vessel a few degrees from the optimum, and the pigs followed the ship for some time, and then swam to the center of the strait. It was obvious that they knew where the optimal course lay, even if the people didn't. Cousteau deduced that cetaceans had something like sonar, a relatively new feature on submarines at the time. He turned out to be right.
Heritage
Cousteau liked to call himself an "oceanographic technician". He was, in fact, an outstanding teacher and lover of nature. His work opened up the "blue continent" for many people.
His work also allowed for a new type of scientific communication criticized at the time by some academics. So-called "divulgationism", a simple way of exchanging scientific concepts, was soon used in other disciplines and became one of the most important characteristics of modern television broadcasting.
In 1950, he rented the Calypso ship from Thomas Loel Guinness for a symbolic one franc per year. The ship was equipped with a mobile laboratory for open ocean research and underwater surveys.
In May 1985, the Cousteau team acquired another ship. This is a two-masted yacht "Alsion" (Alcyone) with an experimental turbosailusing the Magnus effect to obtain thrust.
Cousteau died on June 25, 1997. The Cousteau Society and its French partner, Team Cousteau, founded by Jacques-Yves Cousteau, are still active today.
In his last years, after his second marriage, Cousteau became involved in a legal battle with his son Jean-Michel over the use of the name Cousteau. By order of the court, Jean-Michel Cousteau was forbidden to confuse his professional business with his father's non-profit endeavors.
In St. Petersburg, school number 4 was named after Cousteau with in-depth study of the French language.
Criticism
Cousteau was repeatedly accused of unprofessionalism and parascientific nature of his work. He has also been criticized for his cruel methods of exploring the underwater world (for example, killing fish with dynamite). In the World of Silence has been criticized for being overly naturalistic and violent. Another Cousteau film, A World without Sun, was met with generally positive critical reception. However, there were also such responses in which the director was accused of using fake frames. In particular, The New York Times reviewer Bosley Crowther questioned the documentary nature of some episodes, for example, the exit of people from a bathyscaphe into an atmospheric bubble formed in a deep-sea cave, although the gas environment in such caves is usually unbreathable.
Wolfgang Auer, who sailed in Cousteau's crew for 6 years, claims that many of the killings and cruelties to fish were targeted and were done by Cousteau for quality shots in his films.
However, most researchers and colleagues describe him as a nature lover.
Awards
- Commander of the Order of the Legion of Honor
- Knight Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit
- Military Cross 1939-1945
- Officer of the Order of Naval Merit
- Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters
Selected bibliography
- The Silent World (1953; with Frédéric Dumas).
- The Living Sea (1963; with James Dagen).
- World Without Sun (1965).
- The Shark: Splendid Savage of the Sea (1970; with Philippe Cousteau).
- La vie et la mort des Coraux (1971; with Philippe Diole).
- Mighty monarch of the sea (1972; with Philippe Diole).
- Dolphins (1975).
- La vie au bout du monde (1979; with Yves Pakkale).
- Jacques Cousteau's Amazon Journey (1984; with Mose Richards).
- Jacques Cousteau: The Ocean World (1985)
Translations into Russian
- Cousteau J.-I., Dumas F. In the world of silence. Abbr. per. from English. - M .: "Young Guard", 1957. - 221 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Dumas F., Dagen J. In the world of silence; Living sea. Per. from English. - M.: "Knowledge", 1966. - 462 p.
- Cousteau J.-I. A world without the sun. Per. from French - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1967. - 96 p.
- Cousteau J.-I. "Calypso" and corals. Per. from English. - M.: "Knowledge", 1974. - 63 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Cousteau F. So that there are no secrets in the sea. Underwater research J.-I. Cousteau. Per. from English. - M.: "Thought", 1974. - 191 p.
- Cousteau J.-I. Life and death of corals. Per. from French - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1975. - 176 p.
- Cousteau J.-I, Diole F. Sunken Treasures. Abbr. per. from French - M.: "Progress", 1975. - 206 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Dumas F. In the world of silence; Cousteau J.-I., Dagen J. Living Sea. Per. from English. - M.: "Thought", 1976. - 429 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Diole F. Mighty Lord of the Seas. Underwater research J.-I. Cousteau. Per. from English. - M.: "Thought", 1977. - 186 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Diole F. Essays on the inhabitants of the underwater world. Octopus and squid. Per. from English. - M.: "Knowledge", 1980. - 48 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Pakkale I. Surprises of the sea. Per. from French - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1982. - 302 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Pakkale I. Salmon, beavers, sea otters. Per. from French - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983. - 285 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Pakkale I. Life at the edge of the earth. Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, archipelago of the South Chilean Islands. Per. from French - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984. - 302 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Pakkale I. In search of Atlantis. Per. from French; V. Shcherbakov. The Golden Hall of Poseidon. - M.: "Thought", 1986. - 319 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Cousteau F. Brilliant Pirate; Cousteau J.-I., Diole F. Mighty ruler. Per. from English. - M.: "Thought", 1996. - 350 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Dumas F. In the world of silence; Cousteau J.-I., Dagen J. Living Sea. Per. from English. - M .: "Armada", 1997. - 475 s (Reprint: Cousteau J.-I., Dumas F. In the world of silence; Cousteau J.-I., Dagen J. The Living Sea. Translated from English. - M .: "Armada-press", 2002. - 475 p.)
- Cousteau J.-I., Cousteau F. So that there are no secrets in the sea; Cousteau J.-I., Diole F. Mighty Lord of the Seas. Per. from English. - M .: "Armada", 1997. - 410 s (Reprint: Cousteau J.-I., Cousteau F. So that there are no secrets in the sea; Cousteau J.-I., Diole F. Mighty lord of the seas. Per. from English - M .: "Armada-press", 2002. - 410 p.)
- Cousteau J.-I. A world without the sun; Cousteau J.-I, Diole F. Sunken Treasures. Per. from French - M.: "Armada", 1998. - 362 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Dumas F. In the world of silence; Cousteau J.-I., Dagen J. Living Sea. Per. from English. - M.: "AST", "Astrel", 2003. - 527 p.
- Cousteau J.-I., Cousteau F. Brilliant barbarian of the seas; Cousteau J.-I., Diole F. Mighty Lord of the Seas. Per. from English. L. Zhdanova, 2003. - 381 p.
Filmography
| №* | Year (FR/ENG**) | French | English*** | French - Russian | English Russian | A film by Jacques-Yves Cousteau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Early short films | ||||||
| 1 TO | 1942 | Par dix-huit metres de fond | Yes | |||
| 2K | 1943 | Epaves | Shipwrecks | Yes | ||
| 3K | 1944 | Paysages du silence | Silent Lands… | Yes | ||
| 4K | 1948 | Phoques a Sahara | N/A | |||
| 5K | 1949 | Autour d "un recif | N/A | |||
| 6K | 1949 | Une plongee du Rubis | A Dive on Board the Rubis | Yes | ||
| 7K | 1949 | Carnet de plongée (avec Marcel Ichac) | N/A | |||
| 8K | 1955 | La Fontaine de Vaucluse (avec Louis Malle) | N/A | |||
| 9K | 1955 | Station 307 | N/A | |||
| 10K | 1955 | Recifs de coraux | N/A | |||
| 11K | 1957 | La Galère engloutie (avec Jacques Ertaud) | N/A | |||
| 12K | 1959 | Histoire d "un poisson rouge | The Golden Fish | Yes | ||
| 13K | 1960 | Vitrines sous la mer (avec Georges Alépée) | N/A | |||
| 14K | 1960 | Prince Albert I | N/A | |||
| 2. Movies I | ||||||
| 1P | 1956 | Le monde du silence | The Silent World | The world of silence | In a world of silence | Yes |
| 2P | 1964 | Le monde sans soleil | world without sun | A world without sun | A world without sun | Yes |
| 3. Underwater odyssey of the Cousteau I team | ||||||
| 1 | 1966 | L'aventure Précontinent | Conshelf Adventure | Adventure on the shelf | The World of Jacques-Yves Cousteau | Yes |
| 2 | 1967/1968 | Les Requins | Sharks | sharks | sharks | Yes |
| 3 | 1967/1968 | La jungle de corail | The Savage World of the Coral Jungle | coral jungle | coral jungle | Yes |
| 4 | 1967/1968 | Le Destin des tortues de me | Search in the Deep | Secrets of the Depths | Yes | |
| 5 | 1968 | Baleines and Cachalots | Whales | Whales and sperm whales | Giants of the deep - whales | Yes |
| 6 | 1968/1969 | Le voyage surprise de Pepito et Cristobal | The Unexpected Voyage of Pepito and Cristobal | Marine foundlings | Yes | |
| 7 | 1968/1969 | Tresor englouti | Sunken Treasure | Treasures of the seas | Yes | |
| 8 | 1968/1969 | La legende du lac Titicaca | The Legend of Lake Titicaca | Legend of Lake Titicaca | Legend of Lake Titicaca | Yes |
| 9 | 1969 | Les baleines du desert | The Desert Whales | Desert whales | Desert whales | Yes |
| 10 | 1969/1970 | La nuit des calmars | The Night of the Squid | Night of the squid | Night of the squid | Yes |
| 11 | 1969/1970 | La retour des Éléphants de mer | The Return of the Sea Elephants | Return of the elephant seals | Return of the elephant seal | Yes |
| 12 | 1970 | Ces incroyables machines plongeantes | Those Incredible Diving Machines | These incredible bathyscaphes | Yes | |
| 13 | 1970 | La mer vivante | The Water Planet | living sea | water world | Yes |
| 14 | 1970 | La tragedy des Saumons rouges | The Tragedy of the Red Salmon | Sockeye salmon tragedy | Yes | |
| 15 | 1970/1971 | Le lagon des navires perdus | Lagoon of Lost Ships | Shipwreck Lagoon | Shipwreck Lagoon | Yes |
| 16 | 1971 | Les Dragons des Galápagos | Dragons of Galapagos | Galapagos dragons | Yes | |
| 17 | 1971 | cavernes English | Secrets of the Sunken Caves | Mystery of the flooded caves | Secrets of the flooded caves | Yes |
| 18 | 1971 | Le sort des Loutres de mer | The Unsinkable Sea Otter | Unsinkable Sea Otter | Yes | |
| 19 | 1971/1972 | Les dernières Sirenes | The Forgotten Mermaids | Last Sirens | Forgotten mermaids | Yes |
| 20 | 1972/1971 | Pieuvre, petite pieuvre | Octopus, Octopus | Octopus, octopus | Yes | |
| 21 | 1972 | Le chant des dauphins | A Sound of Dolphins | Dolphin voices | Yes | |
| 22 | 1973 | 500 millions d'annees sous la mer | 500 Million Years Beneath the Sea | 500 million years at the bottom of the sea | 500 million years in the depths of the sea | Yes |
| 23 | 1973/1972 | Le sourire du Morse | A Smile of the Walrus | walrus smile | Yes | |
| 24 | 1973 | hippo, hippo | Hippos! | hippos | hippo battle | Yes |
| 25 | 1973 | La baleine qui chante | The Singing Whale | Singing whale | Singing whale | Yes |
| 26 | 1974/1973 | Mission Cousteau in Antarctica. Partie I. La glace et le feu | Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part I. South to Fire and Ice | Cousteau in Antarctica. Part I. Fire and Ice | Cousteau in Antarctica. Part I. South to Fire and Ice | Yes |
| 27 | 1974 | Mission Cousteau in Antarctica. Part II. Le vol du Pingouin | Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part II. The Flight of Penguins | Cousteau in Antarctica. Part II. flight of penguins | Yes | |
| 28 | 1974 | Mission Cousteau in Antarctica. Part III. La vie sous un ocean de glace | Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part III. Beneath the Frozen World | Cousteau in Antarctica. Part III. Under eternal ice | Yes | |
| 29 | 1974 | Mission Cousteau in Antarctica. Part IV. Blizzard and Esperanza | Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part IV. Blizzard at Hope Bay | Cousteau in Antarctica. Part IV. Blizzard in Hope Bay | Yes | |
| 30 | 1975/1974 | Patagonie: La vie au bout du monde | Life at the End of the World | Life at the end of the world | At the edge of the earth | Yes |
| 31 | 1975 | L'hiver des Castors | Beavers of the North Country | Beavers of the Northern Territory | Yes | |
| 32 | 1975 | Les Fous du Corail | The Coral Divers of Corsica | Corsicans chasing corals | Yes | |
| 33 | 1975 | Les requins dormeurs du Yucatan | The Sleeping Sharks of Yucatan | Sleeping sharks of the Yucatan | Sleeping Sharks Yucatan | Yes |
| 34 | 1975/1976 | Coup d'aile sous la mer: Isabella | The Sea Birds of Isabella | Seabirds of Isabella Island | Yes | |
| 35 | 1976 | Mysteries of the Hidden Reefs | Secrets of underwater reefs | Yes | ||
| 36 | 1976 | El Gran Pez que se trago a Jonas | The Fish That Swallowed Jonah | Yes | ||
| 37 | 1976 | Au cœur des recifs des Caraibes | The Incredible March of the Spiny Lobsters | Great campaign of lobsters | Yes | |
| 4. Movies II | ||||||
| 3P | 1975/1976 | Voyage au bout du monde | Voyage to the Edge of the World | Journey to the end of the world | Yes | |
| 5. An oasis in space | ||||||
| 1 TO | 1977 | What Price Progress? | The price of progress | Not | ||
| 2K | 1977 | Troubled Waters | restless waters | Not | ||
| 3K | 1977 | Grain of Conscience | Not | |||
| 4K | 1977 | Population Time Bomb | Not | |||
| 5K | 1977 | The Power Game | Energy passion | Not | ||
| 6K | 1977 | Visions of Tomorrow | Vision of the future | Not | ||
| 6. Underwater odyssey of the Cousteau II team | ||||||
| 38 | 1977 | L'enigme du Britannic | Calypso's Search for the Britannic | Mystery of Britannica | Calypso is looking for Britannic | Yes |
| 39 | 1978 | Le butin de Pergame sauve des eaux | Diving for Roman Plunder | Roman prey chase | Roman prey chase | Yes |
| 40 | 1978 | A la recherche de l'Atlantide. Partie I | Calypso's Search for Atlantis. Part I | In search of Atlantis. Part I | Yes | |
| 41 | 1978 | A la recherche de l'Atlantide. Part II | Calypso's Search for Atlantis. Part II | In search of Atlantis. Part II | Yes | |
| 42 | 1978 | Le testament de l "île de Pâques | Blind Prophets of Easter Island | Cultural Heritage of Easter Island | Blind Prophets of Easter Island | Yes |
| 43 | 1978 | Ultimatum sous la mer | Time Bomb at Fifty Fathoms | Yes | ||
| 44 | 1979 | Le sang de la mer | Mediterranean: Cradle or Coffin? | Blood of the sea | Mediterranean Sea: Cradle or Grave? | Yes |
| 45 | 1979 | Le Niel. Partie I | The Nile. Part I | The Nile is the river of the gods. Part I | The Nile is the river of the gods. Part I | Yes |
| 46 | 1979 | Le Niel. Part II | The Nile. Part II | The Nile is the river of the gods. Part II | The Nile is the river of the gods. Part II | Yes |
| 47 | 1980 | Fortunes de mer | Lost Relics of the Sea | Lost shrines of the sea | Yes | |
| 48 | 1980/1981 | Clipperton: île de la solitude | Clipperton: The Island Time Forgot | Forgotten Clipperton Island | Forgotten Clipperton Island | Yes |
| 49 | 1981/1982 | Sang chaud dans la mer | Warm-Blooded Sea: Mammals of the Deep | warm-blooded sea | Yes | |
| 7. Adventures in North America | ||||||
| 1P | 1981 | Les piege de la mer | Cries from the Deep | Not | ||
| 2P | 1982 | Du grand large aux grands lac | Saint Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea | Yes | ||
| 8. Amazon | ||||||
| 1 TO | 1982 | Objectif Amazone: Branle-bas sur la Calypso | Calypso Countdown: Rigging for the Amazon | Journey to the Amazon: Readiness Number One | Yes | |
| 2 | 1983 | Au pays des milles rivieres | Journey to a Thousand Rivers | Among thousands of rivers | Journey to the Valley of a Thousand Rivers | Yes |
| 3 | 1983 | La riviere enchantee | The Enchanted River | Enchanted River | Yes | |
| 4 | 1983 | Ombres fuyantes - Indiens de l'Amazonie | Shadows in the Wilderness - Indians of the Amazon | Sliding shadows. Indians of the Amazon | In the wilds of the Amazon | Yes |
| 5 | 1983/1984 | La riviere de l'or | River of Gold | golden river | golden river | Yes |
| 6 | 1984 | Message d'un monde perdu | Legacy of a Lost World | Legacy of a forgotten world | Yes | |
| 7 | 1984 | Un avenir pour l'Amazonie | Blueprints for Amazonia | Twilight over the Amazon | Yes | |
| 8 | 1984 | Tempête de neige sur la jungle | Snowstorm in the Jungle | Snowstorm in the jungle | Yes | |
| 9. Other releases I | ||||||
| 1 | 1985 | Le Mississippi. Partie I. Un Allie recalcitrant | Cousteau at Mississippi. The Reluctant Ally | Cousteau on the Mississippi. Stubborn ally | Cousteau on the Mississippi. Reluctant ally | Yes |
| 2 | 1985 | Le Mississippi. Part II. Allie et adversaire | Cousteau at Mississippi. The Friendly Foe | Cousteau on the Mississippi. Ally and enemy | Cousteau on the Mississippi. Dear Enemy | Yes |
| 3 | 1985 | Jacques-Yves Cousteau: mes premier 75 ans (1) | Jacques Cousteau: The First 75 Years (1) | 75 year old captain (1) | Not | |
| 4 | 1985 | Jacques-Yves Cousteau: mes premier 75 ans (2) | Jacques Cousteau: The First 75 Years (2) | 75 year old captain (2) | Not | |
| 5 | 1985 | Alcyone, fille du vent | Riders of the Wind | daughter of the wind | Yes | |
| 6K | 1988 | Island of Peace | island of peace | Yes | ||
| 10. World Rediscovery I | ||||||
| 1 | 1986 | Haiti: L'eau de chagrin | Haiti: Waters of Sorrow | Haiti: Waters of Sorrow | Haiti: Waters of Sorrow | Yes |
| 2 | 1986 | Cuba: les eaux du destin | Cuba: Waters of Destiny | Cuba: Waters of Destiny | Yes | |
| 3 | 1986 | Cap Horn: les eaux du vent | Cape Horn: Waters of the Wind | Cape Horn: Waters of the Wind | Cape Horn: Waters of the Wind | Yes |
| 4 | 1986 | L'heritage de Cortez | Sea of Cortez: Legacy of Cortez | Sea of Cortez: Legacy of Cortez | Yes | |
| 5 | 1987 | Les Îles Marquises: montagnes de la mer | The Marquesas Islands: Mountains from the Sea | Marquesas Islands: Mountains emerging from the sea | Yes | |
| 6 | 1987 | Îles du Détroit: les eaux de la discorde | Channel Islands: Waters of Contention | Strait Islands: Troubled Waters | Channel: Waters of Strife | Yes |
| 7 | 1987 | Îles du Détroit: à l'approche d'une marée humaine | Channel Islands: Days of Future Past | Strait Islands: A Vision for the Future | Lamanche: Memories of the Future | Yes |
| 8 | 1988 | Nouvelle-Zelande: la Rose et le dragon | New Zealand: The Rose and the Dragon | New Zealand: The Rose and the Dragon | Yes | |
| 9 | 1988 | Nouvelle-Zelande: au pays du long nuage blanc | New Zealand: The Heron of the Single Flight | New Zealand: The Lonely Flight of the Heron | Yes | |
| 10 | 1988 | Nouvelle-Zelande: le Péche et la Redemption | New Zealand: The Smoldering Sea | New Zealand: Smoldering Sea | Yes | |
| 11 | 1988 | Au pays des totems vivants | Pacific Northwest: Land of the Living Totems | Pacific Northeast: In the land of living totems | Yes | |
| 12 | 1988 | Tahiti: l'eau de feu | Tahiti: Fire Waters | Tahiti: Fire Waters | Tahiti: Fire Waters | Yes |
| 13 | 1988 | Les Requins de l "île au trésor | Cocos Island: Sharks of Treasure Island | Cocos Island: Sharks of Treasure Island | Yes | |
| 14 | 1988/1989 | Mer de Bering: Le crépuscule du chasseur en Alaska | Bering Sea: Twilight of the Alaskan Hunter | Bering Sea: Twilight over Alaska | Yes | |
| 15 | 1988/1989 | Australie: l'ultime barriere | Australia: The Last Barrier | Australia: The Last Barrier | Yes | |
| 16 | 1989 | Borneo: Le spectre de la tortue | Borneo: The Ghost of the Sea Turtle | Borneo: Ghost Sea Turtle | Yes | |
| 17 | 1989 | Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée I: La machine à remonter le temps | Papua New Guinea I: Into the Time Machine | Papua New Guinea I: Time Machine | Papua New Guinea I: Traveling in a Time Machine | Yes |
| 18 | 1989 | Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee II: La rivière des hommes crocodiles | Papua New Guinea II: River of Crocodile Men | Papua New Guinea II: River of Crocodile People | Papua New Guinea II: Into the Kingdom of the Crocodiles | Yes |
| 19 | 1989 | Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee III: La coeur de feu | Papua New Guinea III: Center of Fire | Papua New Guinea III: At the epicenter of the fire | Yes | |
| 20 | 1989 | Thailande: les forçats de la mer | Thailand: Convicts of the Sea | Thailand: Prisoners of the Sea | Thailand: Prisoners of the Sea | Yes |
| 21 | 1989/1990 | Borneo: la Foret sans terre | Borneo: Forests Without Land | Borneo: The Floating Jungle | Borneo: The Floating Jungle | Yes |
| 11. Other releases II | ||||||
| 7 | 1990 | Scandale a Valdez | Outrage at Valdez | Rebel Tanker | Not | |
| 8 | 1990 | Lilliput in Antarctica | Lilliput in Antarctica | Yes | ||
| 12. World Rediscovery II | ||||||
| 22 | 1990 | Andaman, les îles invisible | Andaman Islands: Invisible Islands | Andaman Islands: The Invisible Islands | Yes | |
| 23 | 1990/1991 | Australie: a l'ouest du bout du monde | Australia: Out West, Down Under | Australia: Facing the Past | Yes | |
| 24 | 1991 | Australie: le peuple de la mer desséchee | Australia: People of the Dry Sea | Australia: People in the desert sea | Yes | |
| 25 | 1991 | Australie: le peuple de l'eau et du feu | Australia: People of Fire and Water | Australia: People of fire and water | Australia: Through fire and water | Yes |
| 26 | 1991 | Australie: les tresors de la mer | Australia: Fortunes in the Sea | Australia: Treasury of the Sea | Yes | |
| 27 | 1991 | Tasmanie, une île s "éveille | Tasmania: Australia's Awakening Island | Australia: Dawn in Tasmania | Yes | |
| 28 | 1991 | Indonesia: les vergers de l'enfer | Indonesia I: The Devil's Orchard | Indonesia I: Devil's Gardens | Indonesia I: Devil's Gardens | Yes |
| 29 | 1991 | Sumatra: le cœur de la mer | Indonesia II: Sumatra, the Heart of the Sea | Indonesia II: Sumatra | Indonesia II: Heart of the Sea | Yes |
| 30 | 1991/1992 | Nauru, îlot ou planète | Nauru: The Island Planet | Nauru: Stone Planet | Nauru: Stone Planet | Yes |
| 31 | 1991/1992 | La grand requin blanc, seigneur solitaire des mers | The Great White Shark - Lonely Lord of the Sea | Great white shark - the lonely lord of the sea | Australia: Great White Sharks | Not |
| 32 | 1991 | Palawan, le dernier refuge | Palawan: The Last Refuge | Palawan: The Last Refuge | Palawan: The Last Stand | Yes |
| 33 | 1992 | Danube I: le lever de rideau | Danube I: The Curtain Rises | Danube I: The Curtain Rises | Danube I: Beyond the Blue Veil | Yes |
| 34 | 1992 | Danube II: le rêve de Charlemagne | Danube II: Charlemagne's Dream | Danube II: Charlemagne's Dream | Danube II: River of Kings | Yes |
| 35 | 1992 | Danube III: les Cris du Fleuve | Danube III: The River Cries Out | Danube III: What the Danube Cries About | Yes | |
| 36 | 1992 | Danube IV: les Debordements du Fleuve | Danube IV: Rivalries Overflow | Danube IV: Contest of the Floods | Danube IV: Ship Cemetery | Yes |
| 37 | 1993 | La société secrete des Cetaces | Bahamas: The Secret Societies of Dolphins and Whales | Bahamas: Whales and dolphins - a secret alliance | Not | |
| 38 | 1993 | Mekong: le don de l'eau | Mekong: The Gift of Water | Mekong: Secrets of the Mekong | Mekong: Secrets of the Mekong | Not |
| 39 | 1993 | Vietnam and Cambodge: le riz et les fusils | Vietnam and Cambodia: Children of Rice and Guns | Vietnam and Cambodia: Children of Rice and Gunpowder | Vietnam and Kampuchea: Children of Rice and Gunpowder | Not |
| 13. Other Releases III | ||||||
| 9 | 1995 | La Legende de Calypso | Calypso's Legend | Legend of Calypso | Yes | |
| 10 | 1995 | Profond, loin, longtemps | Deeper, Farther, Longer | Deeper and further and longer | Illuminating the depths | Yes |
| 11 | 1996 | Les promises de la mer | The Mirage of the Sea | The promises of the sea | Yes | |
| 14. World Rediscovery III | ||||||
| 40 | 1995 | Madagascar I: l"île des esprits | Madagascar I: Island of Heart and Soul | Madagascar I: Soul of the Island | Madagascar I: Riddles of Madagascar | Yes |
| 41 | 1995 | Madagascar II: l"île des esprits | Madagascar II: Island of Heart and Soul | Madagascar II: Soul of the Island | Madagascar II: Rite of Death | Yes |
| 42 | 1996 | Afrique du Sud: les diamants du desert | South Africa: Diamonds of the Desert | South Africa: Diamond Desert | Yes | |
| 43 | 1996 | Afrique du Sud: sanctuaires pour la vie | South Africa: Sanctuaries for Life | South Africa: The Sanctuary of Life | South Africa: The Ark at the End of the World | Yes |
| 44 | 1996/1997 | A travers la Chine par le fleuve Jaune | China: Across China with the Yellow River | China: Following the Yellow River | Not | |
| 45 | 1997/1999 | Le lac Baikal | Lake Baikal: Beneath the Mirror | Baikal: Through the Looking Glass of Baikal | Baikal: Through the Looking Glass of Baikal | Yes |
Designations:
- K - short film
- P - feature film
- <только номер>– The length of the film is about 45 minutes
- * - the actual order, it is incorrect in the official filmography
- ** - actual years, they are incorrect in the official filmography
- *** - actual titles, they are incorrect in the official filmography
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Notes
Literature
- in the library of Maxim Moshkov
- (fr.).
Links
- (Russian)
- (Russian)
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An excerpt characterizing Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
Our army, after repeated retreats, offensives and battles at Pultusk, at Preussisch Eylau, concentrated near Bartenstein. They were waiting for the arrival of the sovereign to the army and the start of a new campaign.The Pavlograd regiment, which was in that part of the army that was on the campaign of 1805, being manned in Russia, was late for the first actions of the campaign. He was neither near Pultusk, nor near Preussish Eylau, and in the second half of the campaign, having joined the army in the field, he was assigned to Platov's detachment.
Platov's detachment acted independently of the army. Several times the Pavlograders were part of the skirmishes with the enemy, captured prisoners and once repulsed even the crews of Marshal Oudinot. In the month of April, the inhabitants of Pavlograd stood for several weeks near the empty German village, completely ravaged to the ground, without moving.
There was growth, mud, cold, the rivers broke open, the roads became impassable; for several days they did not give food to either horses or people. Since the supply became impossible, people scattered around the abandoned deserted villages to look for potatoes, but even that was not enough. Everything was eaten, and all the inhabitants fled; those who remained were worse than beggars, and there was nothing to take away from them, and even little - compassionate soldiers often, instead of using them, gave them their last.
The Pavlograd regiment lost only two wounded in action; but from hunger and disease lost almost half of the people. In hospitals they died so surely that the soldiers, sick with fever and swelling, which came from bad food, preferred to carry out their service, dragging their legs in the front by force, than to go to the hospitals. With the opening of spring, the soldiers began to find a plant that looked like asparagus, which for some reason they called Mashkin's sweet root, which was showing up from the ground, and scattered over the meadows and fields, looking for this Mashkin's sweet root (which was very bitter), dug it up with sabers and ate, despite on orders not to eat this harmful plant.
In the spring, a new disease was discovered among the soldiers, a swelling of the hands, feet and face, the cause of which the physicians believed was the use of this root. But despite the prohibition, the Pavlograd soldiers of the Denisov squadron ate mainly Mashkin's sweet root, because for the second week they had been stretching the last crackers, they were giving out only half a pound per person, and the frozen and germinated potatoes were brought in the last parcel. The horses also fed for the second week on thatched roofs from houses, were ugly thin and covered with tufts of winter hair that had fallen off.
Despite such a disaster, the soldiers and officers lived exactly the same as always; so now, although with pale and swollen faces and in tattered uniforms, the hussars lined up for calculations, went to clean up, cleaned horses, ammunition, dragged straw from the roofs instead of food and went to dine at the boilers, from which they got up hungry, joking about with their vile food and their hunger. As always, in their free time, the soldiers burned fires, steamed naked by the fires, smoked, took away and baked sprouted, rotten potatoes and told and listened to stories about either the Potemkin and Suvorov campaigns, or tales about Alyosha the rogue, and about the priest's farm laborer Mikolka.
The officers, as usual, lived in twos and threes, in open half-ruined houses. The elders took care of acquiring straw and potatoes, in general, about the means of subsistence for people, the younger ones were engaged, as always, in cards (there was a lot of money, although there was no food), some in innocent games - piles and towns. Little was said about the general course of affairs, partly because they did not know anything positive, partly because they vaguely felt that the general cause of the war was going badly.
Rostov lived, as before, with Denisov, and their friendly relationship, since their vacation, had become even closer. Denisov never talked about Rostov's family, but from the tender friendship that the commander showed his officer, Rostov felt that the old hussar's unhappy love for Natasha participated in this strengthening of friendship. Denisov apparently tried to expose Rostov to danger as little as possible, took care of him and, after the deed, especially joyfully met him safe and sound. On one of his business trips, Rostov found in an abandoned devastated village, where he came for provisions, the family of an old Pole man and his daughter, with a baby. They were naked, hungry, and could not leave, and had no means to leave. Rostov brought them to his parking lot, placed them in his apartment, and for several weeks, while the old man was recovering, kept them. Comrade Rostov, talking about women, began to laugh at Rostov, saying that he was more cunning than everyone else, and that it would not be a sin for him to introduce his comrades to the pretty Polish girl he had saved. Rostov took the joke for an insult and, flaring up, said such unpleasant things to the officer that Denisov could hardly keep both of them from dueling. When the officer left and Denisov, who himself did not know Rostov's relationship with the Pole, began to reproach him for his temper, Rostov told him:
- How do you want ... She is like a sister to me, and I cannot describe to you how it hurt me ... because ... well, because ...
Denisov hit him on the shoulder, and quickly began to walk around the room, not looking at Rostov, which he did in moments of emotional excitement.
- What an arc "your hellish weather" ode G "Ostovskaya," he said, and Rostov noticed tears in Denisov's eyes.
In the month of April, the troops revived with the news of the arrival of the sovereign to the army. Rostov did not manage to get to the review that the sovereign did in Bartenstein: the people of Pavlograd stood at the outposts, far ahead of Bartenstein.
They bivouacked. Denisov and Rostov lived in a dugout dug for them by soldiers, covered with branches and turf. The dugout was arranged in the following way, which then became fashionable: a ditch broke through one and a half arshins wide, two arshins deep and three and a half lengths. Steps were made from one end of the ditch, and this was a descent, a porch; the ditch itself was a room in which the lucky ones, like a squadron commander, on the far side opposite the steps, lay on stakes, a board - it was a table. On both sides, along the ditch, a yard of earth was removed, and these were two beds and sofas. The roof was arranged in such a way that one could stand in the middle, and one could even sit on the bed if one moved closer to the table. Denisov, who lived luxuriously because the soldiers of his squadron loved him, also had a board in the gable of the roof, and in this board there was broken but glued glass. When it was very cold, heat was brought to the steps (to the reception room, as Denisov called this part of the booth), on an iron bent sheet, from soldiers' fires, and it became so warm that the officers, of whom Denisov and Rostov always had many, sat in the same shirts.
In April, Rostov was on duty. At 8 o'clock in the morning, returning home, after a sleepless night, he ordered to bring the heat, changed the clothes soaked from the rain, prayed to God, drank tea, warmed up, put things in order in his corner and on the table, and with a weathered, burning face, in one shirt, lay on his back, his hands under his head. He pleasantly thought about the fact that the next rank for the last reconnaissance should come to him the other day, and he was waiting for Denisov to come out somewhere. Rostov wanted to talk to him.
Behind the hut, Denisov's rolling cry was heard, obviously getting excited. Rostov moved to the window to see who he was dealing with, and saw Sergeant Topcheenko.
“I told you not to let them burn this claw, some kind of Mashkin!” shouted Denisov.
“I ordered, your honor, they don’t listen,” the sergeant-major answered.
Rostov again lay down on his bed and thought with pleasure: “Let him now fuss, bustle, I finished my job and I’m lying - excellent!” From behind the wall he heard that, besides the sergeant-major, Lavrushka, Denisov's perky, roguish lackey, was also speaking. Lavrushka was talking about some kind of carts, crackers and bulls, which he saw when he went for provisions.
Behind the booth, Denisov's retreating cry was heard again and the words: “Saddle! Second squad!
"Where are they going?" thought Rostov.
Five minutes later Denisov entered the booth, climbed onto the bed with dirty feet, angrily smoked his pipe, scattered all his belongings, put on his whip and saber, and began to leave the dugout. To the question of Rostov, where? he answered angrily and vaguely that there was a case.
- Judge me there, God and the great sovereign! - said Denisov, leaving; and Rostov heard the feet of several horses splashing through the mud behind the booth. Rostov did not even bother to find out where Denisov had gone. Having warmed himself in his corner, he fell asleep, and before evening he had just left the booth. Denisov has not yet returned. Evening cleared up; near a neighboring dugout, two officers with a cadet were playing pile, laughingly planting radishes in the loose, dirty earth. Rostov joined them. In the middle of the game, the officers saw wagons approaching them: 15 hussars on thin horses followed them. The wagons escorted by the hussars drove up to the hitching posts, and a crowd of hussars surrounded them.
“Well, Denisov was grieve all the time,” said Rostov, “so the provisions have arrived.”
- And that! the officers said. - That's a happy soldier! - Denisov rode a little behind the hussars, accompanied by two infantry officers, with whom he was talking about something. Rostov went to meet him.
“I’m warning you, captain,” said one of the officers, thin, short and apparently angry.
“After all, he said that I wouldn’t give it back,” Denisov answered.
- You will answer, captain, this is a riot - to beat off transports from your own! We didn't eat for two days.
“But they didn’t eat mine for two weeks,” Denisov answered.
- This is robbery, answer, sir! – raising his voice, repeated the infantry officer.
- What are you doing to me? BUT? - shouted Denisov, suddenly heated up, - I will answer, not you, but you don’t buzz around here while you are safe. March! he shouted at the officers.
- It's good! - not shy and not driving away, the little officer shouted, - to rob, so I will ...
- To chog "that march with a quick step, while intact." And Denisov turned his horse to the officer.
“Good, good,” said the officer threateningly, and turning his horse, rode away at a trot, shaking in the saddle.
“A dog for godliness, a living dog for godliness,” Denisov said after him - the highest mockery of a cavalryman over a mounted infantryman, and, approaching Rostov, burst out laughing.
- Recaptured from the infantry, recaptured the transport by force! - he said. “Well, why don’t people die of hunger?”
The wagons that drove up to the hussars were assigned to an infantry regiment, but, having been informed through Lavrushka that this transport was coming alone, Denisov with the hussars recaptured it by force. The soldiers were handed out crackers at will, even shared with other squadrons.
The next day, the regimental commander called Denisov to him and told him, closing his eyes with open fingers: “I look at it like this, I don’t know anything and I won’t start business; but I advise you to go to the headquarters and there, in the food department, settle this matter, and, if possible, sign that you received so much food; otherwise, the demand is written to the infantry regiment: things will rise and may end badly.
Denisov went directly from the regimental commander to the headquarters, with a sincere desire to fulfill his advice. In the evening he returned to his dugout in a position in which Rostov had never seen his friend before. Denisov could not speak and was suffocating. When Rostov asked him what was the matter with him, he only uttered incomprehensible curses and threats in a hoarse and weak voice ...
Frightened by the position of Denisov, Rostov offered him to undress, drink water and sent for a doctor.
- To judge me for g "azboy - oh! Give me more water - let them judge, but I will, I will always beat the scoundrels, and I will tell the sovereign." Give me some ice, he said.
The regimental doctor who came said that it was necessary to bleed. A deep plate of black blood came out of Denisov's hairy hand, and then only he was able to tell everything that had happened to him.
“I’m coming,” Denisov said. “Well, where is your boss here?” Showed. Wouldn't you like to wait. “I have a service, I arrived 30 miles away, I have no time to wait, report back.” Well, this chief thief comes out: he also took it into his head to teach me: This is robbery! “Robbery, I say, is not done by the one who takes food to feed his soldiers, but by the one who takes it to put it in his pocket!” So you don't want to be silent. "Good". Sign, he says, with the commission agent, and your case will be handed over on command. I go to the commissioner. I enter - at the table ... Who is it ?! No, just think! ... Who is starving us, - Denisov shouted, hitting the table with his fist of his sick hand so hard that the table almost fell and the glasses jumped on it, - Telyanin !! “How are you starving us?!” Once, once in the face, deftly it had to be ... “Ah ... rasprotakoy and ... began to roll. On the other hand, I am amused, I can say, - Denisov shouted, joyfully and angrily baring his white teeth from under his black mustache. “I would have killed him if they hadn’t taken him away.”
“But why are you screaming, calm down,” said Rostov: “here again the blood has gone. Wait, you need to bandage it. Denisov was bandaged and put to bed. The next day he woke up cheerful and calm. But at noon, the adjutant of the regiment, with a serious and sad face, came to the common dugout of Denisov and Rostov and regretfully showed the uniform paper to Major Denisov from the regimental commander, in which inquiries were made about yesterday's incident. The adjutant said that things were about to take a very bad turn, that a military judicial commission had been appointed, and that with real severity regarding looting and self-will of the troops, in a happy case, the case could end in a dismissal.
The case was presented by the offended in such a way that, after repulsing the transport, Major Denisov, without any call, appeared in a drunken state to the chief provisions master, called him a thief, threatened to beat him, and when he was taken out, he rushed to the office, beat two officials and dislocated one arm.
Denisov, to Rostov’s new questions, laughingly said that it seemed that some other one had turned up here, but that all this was nonsense, nothing, that he did not even think to be afraid of any courts, and that if these scoundrels dare to bully him, he will answer them so that they will remember.
Denisov spoke dismissively about the whole affair; but Rostov knew him too well not to notice that in his heart (hiding this from others) he was afraid of the court and was tormented by this affair, which, obviously, was supposed to have bad consequences. Every day, paper requests began to arrive, demands for the court, and on the first of May Denisov was ordered to hand over the squadron to the senior officer and report to the headquarters of the division for explanations on the case of the riot in the provisions commission. On the eve of this day, Platov made reconnaissance of the enemy with two Cossack regiments and two squadrons of hussars. Denisov, as always, rode ahead of the chain, flaunting his courage. One of the bullets fired by the French riflemen hit him in the flesh of the upper leg. Maybe at another time Denisov would not have left the regiment with such a light wound, but now he took advantage of this opportunity, refused to appear in the division and went to the hospital.
In June, the Battle of Friedland took place, in which the Pavlogradites did not participate, and after it a truce was announced. Rostov, who felt hard the absence of his friend, having had no news of him since his departure and worrying about the course of his case and wounds, took advantage of the truce and asked to go to the hospital to visit Denisov.
The hospital was located in a small Prussian town, twice ruined by Russian and French troops. Precisely because it was summer, when the field was so good, this place, with its broken roofs and fences and its filthy streets, ragged inhabitants and drunken and sick soldiers wandering around it, presented a particularly gloomy spectacle.
In a stone house, in the courtyard with the remains of a dismantled fence, frames and glass broken in part, a hospital was located. Several bandaged, pale and swollen soldiers walked and sat in the yard in the sun.
As soon as Rostov entered the door of the house, he was overwhelmed by the smell of a rotting body and a hospital. On the stairs he met a Russian military doctor with a cigar in his mouth. A Russian paramedic followed the doctor.
“I can’t burst,” said the doctor; - come to Makar Alekseevich in the evening, I'll be there. The paramedic asked him something else.
- E! do as you know! Isn't it all the same? The doctor saw Rostov going up the stairs.
“Why are you, your honor?” the doctor said. - Why are you? Or the bullet did not take you, so you want to get typhus? Here, father, is the house of the lepers.
- From what? Rostov asked.
- Typhoid, father. Whoever ascends - death. Only the two of us with Makeev (he pointed to the paramedic) are chatting here. At this point, five of our brother doctors died. As soon as the new one arrives, he’ll be ready in a week,” the doctor said with visible pleasure. - Prussian doctors were called, so our allies do not like it.
Rostov explained to him that he wished to see the hussar major Denisov lying here.
“I don’t know, I don’t know, father. After all, you think, I have three hospitals for one, 400 patients too! It’s also good, the Prussian ladies of the benefactor send us coffee and lint at two pounds a month, otherwise they would be lost. He laughed. - 400, father; and they keep sending me new ones. After all, there are 400? BUT? He turned to the paramedic.
The paramedic looked exhausted. He evidently waited with annoyance to see if the chattering doctor would leave soon.
“Major Denisov,” repeated Rostov; - he was wounded near Moliten.
- Looks like he's dead. What about Makeev? the doctor asked the paramedic indifferently.
The paramedic, however, did not confirm the words of the doctor.
- Why is he so long, reddish? the doctor asked.
Rostov described Denisov's appearance.
“There was, there was such a person,” the doctor said as if joyfully, “this one must have died, but I can handle it, I had lists. Do you have it, Makeev?
“Makar Alekseich has the lists,” said the paramedic. “But come to the officers’ chambers, you’ll see for yourself there,” he added, turning to Rostov.
“Oh, it’s better not to go, father,” said the doctor, “otherwise you don’t stay here yourself.” - But Rostov bowed to the doctor and asked the paramedic to accompany him.
"Don't blame me," the doctor shouted from under the stairs.
Rostov with the paramedic entered the corridor. The hospital smell was so strong in this dark corridor that Rostov grabbed his nose and had to stop in order to gather his strength and move on. A door opened to the right, and a thin, yellow man, barefoot and in nothing but underwear, leaned out on crutches.
Leaning against the lintel, he looked at the passers-by with shining, envious eyes. Glancing through the door, Rostov saw that the sick and wounded were lying there on the floor, on straw and overcoats.
- Can I come in and have a look? Rostov asked.
- What to watch? the paramedic said. But precisely because the paramedic obviously did not want to let him in, Rostov entered the soldiers' chambers. The smell he had already smelled in the hallway was even stronger here. This smell has changed somewhat here; it was sharper, and it was sensitive that it was precisely from here that he came.
In a long room, brightly lit by the sun through large windows, in two rows, with their heads to the walls and leaving a passage in the middle, lay the sick and the wounded. Most of them were in oblivion and did not pay attention to those who entered. Those that were in the memory all rose or raised their thin, yellow faces, and all with the same expression of hope for help, reproach and envy for someone else's health, without taking their eyes off Rostov. Rostov went to the middle of the room, looked into the neighboring doors of the rooms with the doors open, and saw the same thing on both sides. He stopped, silently looking around him. He never expected to see this. In front of him lay almost across the middle aisle, on the bare floor, a sick man, probably a Cossack, because his hair was cut in a bracket. This Cossack was lying on his back, his huge arms and legs spread out. His face was crimson red, his eyes were completely rolled up, so that only the whites were visible, and on his bare feet and on his hands, still red, the veins tensed like ropes. He hit the back of his head on the floor and said something hoarsely and began to repeat this word. Rostov listened to what he was saying and made out the word he repeated. The word was: drink - drink - drink! Rostov looked around, looking for someone who could put this patient in his place and give him water.
- Who's here for the sick? he asked the paramedic. At this time, a Furstadt soldier, a hospital attendant, came out of the next room, and stretched out in front of Rostov, beating a step.
- I wish you good health, your highness! - shouted this soldier, rolling his eyes at Rostov and, obviously, mistaking him for the hospital authorities.
“Take him away, give him water,” said Rostov, pointing to the Cossack.
“I’m listening, your honor,” the soldier said with pleasure, rolling his eyes even more diligently and stretching himself, but not moving.
“No, you can’t do anything here,” thought Rostov, lowering his eyes, and was about to go out, but on the right side he felt a significant look fixed on himself and looked back at him. Almost in the very corner, on an overcoat, with a skeleton-yellow, thin, stern face and an unshaven gray beard, an old soldier was sitting and staring stubbornly at Rostov. On the one hand, the neighbor of the old soldier was whispering something to him, pointing to Rostov. Rostov realized that the old man intended to ask him for something. He came closer and saw that the old man had only one leg bent, and the other was not at all above the knee. Another neighbor of the old man, who lay motionless with his head thrown back, quite far from him, was a young soldier with a waxy pallor on a snub-nosed face still covered with freckles and with eyes rolled under the eyelids. Rostov looked at the snub-nosed soldier, and a frost ran down his back.
“But this one, it seems ...” he turned to the paramedic.
“As requested, your honor,” said the old soldier with a tremor in his lower jaw. - Finished in the morning. After all, they are also people, not dogs ...
“I’ll send it right now, they’ll take it away, they’ll take it away,” the paramedic said hastily. “Please, your honor.
“Let’s go, let’s go,” Rostov said hastily, and lowering his eyes and shrinking, trying to pass unnoticed through the array of those reproachful and envious eyes fixed on him, he left the room.
Having passed the corridor, the paramedic led Rostov into the officers' chambers, which consisted of three rooms with open doors. These rooms had beds; wounded and sick officers lay and sat on them. Some walked around the rooms in hospital gowns. The first person that Rostov met in the officers' wards was a small, thin man without an arm, in a cap and a hospital gown with a bitten tube, who walked in the first room. Rostov, peering at him, tried to remember where he had seen him.
“This is where God brought me to meet,” said the little man. - Tushin, Tushin, do you remember taking you near Shengraben? And they cut off a piece for me, here ... - he said, smiling, pointing to the empty sleeve of his dressing gown. - Are you looking for Vasily Dmitrievich Denisov? - roommate! - he said, having learned who Rostov needed. - Here, here, Tushin led him to another room, from which the laughter of several voices was heard.
“And how can they not only laugh, but live here”? thought Rostov, still hearing that smell of a dead body, which he picked up while still in the soldier's hospital, and still seeing around him those envious looks that followed him from both sides, and the face of this young soldier with rolled eyes.
Denisov, covering himself with a blanket, slept on the bed, despite the fact that it was 12 o'clock in the afternoon.
“Ah, G” skeleton? 3do “ovo, hello” ovo, ”he shouted in the same voice as he used to in the regiment; but Rostov sadly noticed how, behind this habitual swagger and liveliness, some new bad, hidden feeling peeped through in the facial expression, in the intonations and words of Denisov.
His wound, in spite of its insignificance, still did not heal, although six weeks had already passed since he had been wounded. His face had the same pale swelling that was on all hospital faces. But this was not what struck Rostov; he was struck by the fact that Denisov seemed not to be pleased with him and smiled unnaturally at him. Denisov did not ask about the regiment, nor about the general course of affairs. When Rostov talked about this, Denisov did not listen.
Rostov even noticed that it was unpleasant for Denisov when he was reminded of the regiment and, in general, of that other, free life that went on outside the hospital. He seemed to be trying to forget that former life and was only interested in his business with the provision officials. When asked by Rostov what the situation was, he immediately took out from under the pillow the paper received from the commission, and his rough answer to it. He perked up, beginning to read his paper, and especially let Rostov notice the barbs that he spoke to his enemies in this paper. The hospital comrades of Denisov, who had surrounded Rostov - a person newly arrived from the free world - began to gradually disperse as soon as Denisov began to read his paper. From their faces, Rostov realized that all these gentlemen had already heard this whole story that had managed to get bored of them more than once. Only the neighbor on the bed, a fat lancer, was sitting on his bunk, frowning gloomily and smoking a pipe, and little Tushin, without an arm, continued to listen, shaking his head disapprovingly. In the middle of the reading, the lancer interrupted Denisov.
“But for me,” he said, turning to Rostov, “you just need to ask the sovereign for mercy.” Now, they say, the rewards will be great, and they will surely forgive ...
- I ask the sovereign! - Denisov said in a voice to which he wanted to give the former energy and ardor, but which sounded like useless irritability. - About what? If I were a robber, I would ask for mercy, otherwise I am suing for bringing out robbers. Let them judge, I'm not afraid of anyone: I honestly served the king, the fatherland and did not steal! And to demote me, and ... Listen, I write to them directly, so I write: “if I were an embezzler ...
- Deftly written, what to say, - said Tushin. But that’s not the point, Vasily Dmitritch,” he also turned to Rostov, “it’s necessary to submit, but Vasily Dmitritch does not want to. After all, the auditor told you that your business is bad.
“Well, let it be bad,” said Denisov. - The auditor wrote a request to you, - Tushin continued, - and you need to sign it, but send it with them. They have it right (he pointed to Rostov) and they have a hand in the headquarters. You won't find a better case.
“Why, I said that I wouldn’t be mean,” Denisov interrupted and again continued reading his paper.
Rostov did not dare to persuade Denisov, although he instinctively felt that the path offered by Tushin and other officers was the most correct, and although he would consider himself happy if he could help Denisov: he knew the inflexibility of Denisov's will and his truthful ardor.
When the reading of Denisov's poisonous papers, which lasted more than an hour, ended, Rostov said nothing, and in the saddest frame of mind, in the company of Denisov's hospital comrades again gathered around him, he spent the rest of the day talking about what he knew and listening to the stories of others. . Denisov was gloomy silent throughout the whole evening.
Late in the evening, Rostov was about to leave and asked Denisov if there would be any instructions?
“Yes, wait,” said Denisov, looked back at the officers, and, taking his papers from under the pillow, went to the window, on which he had an inkwell, and sat down to write.
“It can be seen that you didn’t whip the butt,” he said, moving away from the window and giving Rostov a large envelope. “It was a request addressed to the sovereign, drawn up by an auditor, in which Denisov, without mentioning anything about the faults of the food department, asked only for pardon.
“Pass it on, I see…” He didn’t finish and smiled a painfully fake smile.
Returning to the regiment and conveying to the commander the state of Denisov's case, Rostov went to Tilsit with a letter to the sovereign.
On June 13, the French and Russian emperors gathered in Tilsit. Boris Drubetskoy asked the important person under whom he belonged to be included in the retinue appointed to be in Tilsit.
History reference
Jacques Yves Cousteau is our contemporary, not a medieval explorer. This man did not become a discoverer, but he created a device that provided the opportunity to see the underwater world. Jacques-Yves Cousteau invented several different technical devices during his life, but scuba gear is considered the most important for all human civilization.
Jacques was born in 1910 in a small town near Bordeaux. His father was engaged in commerce, traveled abroad a lot. This gave little Jacques the opportunity, in addition to his native language, to quickly master German and English. Nomadic life had a negative impact on Cousteau's education, however, to everyone's amazement, he passed the exams perfectly and entered the Naval Academy. He even had a chance to circumnavigate the world, but the thought of traveling, especially underwater, then did not occur to him.
A car accident changed everything. Jacques wanted to become a naval pilot, but the doctors, after a long course of treatment, put an end to aviation. Cousteau completed his studies and became a naval officer. During the next summer bathing, Jacques Yves Cousteau drew attention to severe eye irritation from sea salt. Then the idea came to him to create special glasses, plunging with which, he first saw the underwater world. From that moment on, Cousteau's life changed. He fell in love with the deep sea environment and set out to bring this beauty to the world. However, without oxygen, it is impossible to hold out for a long time, and there was no modern cinema equipment yet.
During the war, Jacques had to conduct reconnaissance and underground activities, the cover of which was underwater research. In such conditions, after repeated risky attempts, the first scuba gear appeared, or, as the inventor called it, “underwater lung”.
Significance for modern times
Jacques Cousteau is known not only as the creator of the main diving apparatus, but also as an active member of the French Resistance. After the war, he remained in the service and proposed to create a new device for diving to the bottom of the sea - a bathyscaphe. The leadership of the fleet went forward, but did it too delicately - Cousteau went on vacation and, in fact, with the money of the sponsor he found himself, created the famous Callisto floating laboratory and the first Deniz submersible. With the help of these devices, many films were shot, which for the first time on world screens demonstrated the extraordinary beauty of the underwater world. Perhaps these shots, which were later seen by millions of people, prompted the most enterprising to organize a popular tourist activity - diving.
Many lovers of the deep sea travel the world, and in their luggage is the scuba gear created by Cousteau. Diving is rather a symbiosis of travel, sports and recreation. The most popular diving destinations are Bali, Thailand, Turkey, and Egypt. The Red Sea is very popular due to the interesting objects for which the dive takes place, the excellent climate, developed infrastructure and the affordability of air travel.
All this came to us thanks to the creation of scuba gear by Jacques Yves Cousteau. He gathered not only a team of like-minded people, he fascinated his entire family with this business. His sons became followers of the study of the underwater world and environmental protection. Repeatedly, Jacques made calls to the leadership of the countries possessing nuclear weapons to stop the disposal of radioactive waste in the sea, but little has changed since then.
Conclusion
Jacques-Yves Cousteau died on June 25, 1997 at the age of 87, the cause of death was a myocardial infarction. In his life there was also a new love after the death of his wife, two more children. He was appointed director of the oceanographic museum, but few people know about these facts. Jacques Yves Cousteau is known to the world as the creator of scuba gear, and the rest seems to be attached to his life.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau is an outstanding oceanographer and just a great person. During his long and eventful life, this outstanding researcher managed to do very, very much. He will be remembered by his descendants as a talented writer, director, as well as an outstanding scientist who revealed many secrets of the underwater world, thus making an invaluable contribution to world science.Without it, our understanding of the world of the underwater depths would not be complete. After all, the scientific contribution of this outstanding Frenchman will always remain truly invaluable.
Early years, childhood and the family of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
The future famous oceanographer was born in the French town of Saint-André-de-Cubzac in the Bordeaux region, which has always been famous for its warm sun and rich grape harvests. His mother was a housewife most of her life, and his father, Daniel, worked as a lawyer.On the paternal side, our today's hero has Belarusian roots. The father of the future oceanographer moved to France from Belarus. The uncle of the oceanographer lived all his life in the BSSR.
It is quite remarkable that the real name of the oceanographer, as well as his lesser-known father, is "Bus". Only after marrying the mother of Jacques-Yves, his father decided to remake the Belarusian surname and write it down in the French manner.
Returning to other aspects of the life of the Cousteau family, we note that the parents of the oceanographer were constantly traveling. They often traveled to other cities, went to the mountains or to the seashore. Perhaps it was this way of life that predetermined the character of our today's hero.
He was drawn to new discoveries and bright achievements. Having learned to swim early, Jacques-Yves Cousteau did not climb out of the water for days. Subsequently, it became an important part of his life.
After the First World War, Cousteau Sr. found a job in an American company, and therefore the whole family was forced to follow him. In the USA, Jacques-Yves learned English well, and also began to get involved in mechanics for the first time.
It was here during one of the trips to the sea that our today's hero made his first dives. The underwater world of the ocean so fascinated the young guy that later he simply could not imagine his life without the depths of the sea.
Why did Jacques If Cousteau convert to Islam?
After returning to France, Jacques-Yves Cousteau began to create technical samples and very soon managed to design a battery-powered machine. This engineering success brought him some money, with which he bought his first movie camera.
During this period, he was interested in many things at once, as if still unable to find himself among many hobbies. He took small sketches, was engaged in the creation of sketches of various techniques, and also went swimming in the evenings. Absolutely indifferent, our today's hero was only related to training sessions.
Because of his low academic performance, they once even wanted to expel him from school. However, his father intervened in the matter, taking the guy from the classroom on his own. At the family council, it was decided that Jacques-Yves Cousteau would go to the army. This decision suited everyone, and therefore, very soon, the young guy submitted documents to the French Naval Academy.
In the early thirties, as part of the battle cruiser Jeanne d'Arc, our today's hero made a round-the-world trip across all the seas of our planet. This event played an important role in his fate. Jacques-Yves Cousteau got acquainted with various aspects of being at sea, and also comprehended the basics of shipbuilding and maritime navigation. Subsequently, the famous oceanographer sailed on many other ships.
The path of Jacques-Yves Cousteau in science: to the depths of the sea
In 1938, Jacques-Yves Cousteau began to often dive into the depths of the sea, using only a mask and fins. During this period, for the first time, he began to seriously study the underwater world and its inhabitants.Odyssey by Jacques Cousteau
Realizing that the existing technologies are imperfect, already in the early forties, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, together with his friend Emile Gagnan, began to create a special apparatus for diving to the bottom of the ocean. From the very beginning, it was decided that the system would operate on the basis of compressed air, which would be located in special cylinders.
As a result, in 1943, the first prototype of an aqualung was created, which was subsequently improved and refined several times. Having finally received all the necessary equipment for the study of underwater depths, Jacques-Yves Cousteau began to engage in scientific activities.
He was engaged in writing books, shooting documentaries, as well as exploring the mysterious world of the deep ocean. Since 1950, our today's hero traveled exclusively on the legendary ship Calypso, which later became a real symbol of the science of oceanography.
In 1957, Jacques-Yves headed the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, within which he began to study marine life. One of the most famous scientific discoveries of the oceanographer was the discovery of internal sonar in cetaceans. In 1973, our today's hero created a non-profit foundation for the protection of underwater inhabitants.
The Last Years of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
During his long life, the scientist created many amazing technical devices for exploring the depths of the sea. So, he is considered the author of waterproof lenses for video cameras, special submarines for the scientific study of underwater depths.The research of Jacques-Yves Cousteau formed the basis of a series of documentaries, which were subsequently broadcast on many television channels around the world.
For his outstanding scientific research, our today's hero was consecrated to the Commander of the Order of the Legion of Honor, and was also awarded many other awards. After the death of the great explorer in 1997, he was solemnly buried in one of the cemeteries of his native town of Saint-André-de-Cubzac.
Personal life of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau was married twice in his life. In marriage with his first wife Simone Melchior, two sons of a scientist were born. Both sons from the first marriage of our today's hero also subsequently connected their lives with science.After the death of his first wife, Jacques-Yves remarried. His second wife was Francine Triplet, who even before the wedding gave birth to a scientist's daughter and son.