The largest edible mushroom. The largest edible mushroom in the world. Fomitiporia ellipsoidea from China

12.06.2019

Mushrooms - special form life, combining the features of plants and animals. Among them there are champions in height and weight. Biologists believe that giant mushrooms are not an anomaly. Any mushroom can become a giant if it grows in favorable conditions for it. And oddly enough, most of the largest mushrooms are edible, which by some miracle did not fall into the mushroom picker's basket and were not eaten by animals.

The list includes the largest mushrooms in the world, which became known to the media.

10

Calvatia gigantea from England weight 2 kg

Unlocks ten large mushrooms Calvatia gigantea from England. The record holder was discovered by a young gardener, Terry Hodson-Walker, after the rainy season. The width of the giant's hat was approximately 46 centimeters, and it weighed 2 kilograms. After the discovery, the girl decided to apply to the Guinness Book of Records in order for the macromycete to be officially recognized as the largest mushroom in the world. scientific name discovered fungus - Calvatia gigantea. This is an ordinary raincoat, which can be found almost all over the world. This type can reach colossal sizes, but often becomes a victim of forest animals that are not averse to feasting on a raincoat.

9

Boletus from Russia weight 2.4 kg

Another contender for the title of the largest mushroom in the world - boletus from Russia found in the Tomsk region. Local mushroom picker Alexei Korol found a giant boletus in the forest near his village. The diameter of the cap of the giant mushroom was 36 centimeters, and the height of the stem was 28 cm. The weight of the record holder was 2 kilograms 400 grams! As the Rossiya TV channel noted, this is not some kind of mutant alien from outer space, but an ordinary birch boletus, not even wormy.

8

Lingzhi from China weight 7.5 kg

Found a huge varnished tinder fungus, or, as it is called in China - lingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum) - weighs 7.5 kg, and its diameter is 107 cm. They found a find in one of the provincial Chinese cities of Hezhou. This mushroom belongs to the genus Ganoderma, which has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It is also called the "mushroom of immortality". Lingzhi is believed to boost immunity due to active compounds called polysaccharides, which can increase the activity of white blood cells. The impressive size and weight of the tinder fungus allow it to take one of the lines in the ranking of the most big mushrooms in the world.

7

Raincoat from Russia weight 12 kg

The largest mushroom in Russia is raincoat, found by mushroom picker Vladislav Grabosinsky in the fall of 2011 in the Perm region. The diameter of the giant's hat was 1 meter and 72 centimeters, and the height was about half a meter. The weight of the find exceeded 12 kilograms. Biologists do not consider this find rare. Raincoats grew and large sizes reaching 20 kg in weight. Raincoats are eaten when they are still young. Since it was already too late to eat the giant, Vladislav took him to study at the Botany Department of Perm University. This edible miracle was listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

6

Champignon from Italy weight 14 kg

In Italy, a kind of record was also recorded. A huge champignon, weighing about 14 kilograms, was found by Francesco Quito, a resident of the province of Baria. Despite the fact that the mushroom was found near the village, Francesco could hardly carry it on his shoulder, so he had to use a car. The mushroom was unspoiled and edible. I had to call the neighbors to eat such a giant.

5

Macromycetes from China weight 15 kg

In the Chinese province of Yunnan, a giant macromycete who weighed 15 kilograms. The mushroom not only turned out to be huge, but also had unusual shape. Outwardly, it looked like a hundred small mushroom caps growing on one leg! In the diameter of the hat, it reached almost 1 meter. Scientists have not yet determined what kind of eccentric mushroom organism belongs to.

4

Macrocybe Titans from USA weight 20 kg

If we talk about traditional macromycetes in the usual sense, then the leader in size can be called Macrocybe Titans which grows in Caribbean countries and USA. In one of the southern Mexican states in 2007, a specimen was found with a mass of 20 kg and a height of about 70 cm. However, this find is not the only one. In 2005, in the United States, Mexican biologist and mushroom specialist Rene Andrade stumbled upon the same mushroom, which also grew on a coffee plantation, and its weight was as much as 28 kilograms. Such large sizes make this macromycete the object of close attention of the scientific community.

3

Macromycete from Canada weight 26 kg

Canadian macromycetes can also compete in size. A raincoat weighing 26 kilograms was discovered by a resident of Canada, Christian Terrien. A man discovered a mushroom while walking with his son through the forest. Canadians were amazed by their find and they admitted that they had never seen such large raincoats in their lives. The mushroom was taken home and had a photo shoot with him.

2

Fomitiporia ellipsoidea from China weight 500 kg

Another mushroom, found and studied by Chinese mycologists, grew 10.85 meters in height with a hat width of 82-88 cm. Scientists believe that this outstanding representative mushroom kingdom grew for at least 20 years. Giant tinder with the largest in the world fruiting body was found on Hainan Island in 2010 and has now been studied and classified. The brown monster turned out to be perennial tree fungus- representative of the species Fomitiporia ellipsoidea. One of the authors of the discovery, Yu Cheng Dai, from the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says that he and his colleagues first found solid specimens of the same fungus in Fujian province back in 2008. But still, those macromycetes were not as large as the giant from Hainan. Interestingly, the authors of the study did not intentionally look for a record holder, but simply studied the diversity tree mushrooms in the forests of the island. “None of us even imagined that a mushroom could grow so huge,” says Professor Dai. “We didn’t recognize him right away in the forest because he was too big.” Biologists estimated the volume of this fungus at 409-525 thousand cm3, and its weight at about 500 kilograms. Discovered by scientists F. ellipsoidea grows underground, so it long time remained unnoticed and was able to grow to such an impressive size.

1

Armillaria ostoyae from USA weight over 600 kg

The first line of the ranking is occupied by the most big mushroom in a world that mycologists have discovered in the relict forests of the United States. It is considered the largest living being on the planet. This giant belongs to the Armillaria family, whose representatives have long been known for their size. Most of of this living organism was underground, only small mushrooms could be clearly seen on the surface. The name of these macromycetes is Armillaria ostoyae or otherwise they are called honey mushrooms. One such honey agaric fits easily in the hand and is not too remarkable. But his mycelium, which is a single organism, occupied national park Oregon 880 Hectares! Its tentacles are located underground and entangle an area equal in size to 1665 football fields. The fungus has grown through the Oregon forests for about 2,500 years, destroying the root systems of trees in its path. That is why this macromycete is considered the largest on the planet.

Scientists consider mushrooms to be the most diverse living creatures on our planet. There are so many of them that for each type of plant there are 6 species of mushrooms, with the most approximate calculation, it turns out that there are about 2 million species of mushrooms. They can be predators, move around, treat diseases...
At the same time, only 100 thousand have been studied, and even fewer have been classified.

fungi are a kingdom in their own right.
The long debate about what fungi are: plants or animals ended in 1960, when they were separated into a separate fungal kingdom. In terms of protein content, mushrooms are closer to animals, and in terms of the composition of carbohydrates and minerals, they are closer to plants.

most of the fungus is not visible to us.
The body of the fungus is a mycelium located in the ground. It can extend over great distances. And the fungus itself is a fruit intended for the implementation of the breeding program.

fungi are older than dinosaurs.
The fact that mushrooms existed 400 million years ago, that is, long before the advent of dinosaurs, has been proven. They are one of ancient inhabitants planets, along with ferns. But if the giant ferns, preserved from the same period, were significantly crushed, then the fungi, adapting, changed and, it seems, all these species still exist.

mushrooms are very durable.
If mushrooms were less tenacious, they would not have retained their diversity. How tenacious they are can be imagined by anyone who has ever had a fungal infection or struggled with a fungal infection of the walls. It is extremely difficult to remove the fungus. Still would! Mushrooms survive at an altitude of 30 thousand meters above the ground, withstand high radiation (in the center of the Chernobyl accident, mushrooms survived) and a pressure of 8 atmospheres. They can even live on the surface of sulfuric acid!

mushrooms burn.
Surprisingly, mushrooms produce vitamin D, if, of course, they have enough sunlight. The color of the mushroom cap depends on this.

mushrooms move.
Not all, of course. Now only myxomycetes are classified as "walking" mushrooms. You can find them in middle lane Russia. This mushroom has no legs and in its appearance resembles a shriveled jellyfish. It is translucent and gelatinous. Moves by rolling from side to side. The speed is low, but it can get to a more suitable place in a few days, sometimes it even climbs onto a stump.

mushroom grows at the speed of bamboo.
In Russian forests, you can find a mushroom called Vesyolka, which is included in the Guinness Book of Records as a record holder for growth rate. Every 2 minutes it grows by a centimeter! On the first day it looks like a grayish egg, on the second it becomes an umbrella on a high leg, and on the third it is no longer visible.

mushroom is the biggest creature on the ground.
Don't believe? Very big porcini found in America (Wisconsin) in 1985. It weighed 140 kg and had a coverage of two meters. But, as we remember, this is only the visible part. A mycelium found in Oregon covers an area of 900 hectares and weighs several hundred tons! But in Switzerland, a mushroom was discovered at the age of about 1000 years - honey agarics. Its mycelium occupies 35 hectares of the area of the Swiss national park, Offenpass.

mushrooms are predators and killers.
Fungi feed on nematode worms, placing traps on them from mycelium rings. If the worm touches such a trap, it sticks to it and immediately becomes entangled in the threads of the mycelium. There is no chance to escape. Fungal spores can germinate inside living things. But if a person gets sick, then the caterpillar, for example, dies. And the fungus grows. One small pale grebe is enough to kill 4 people. But fly agarics will need a few pieces. Made from mushrooms potent poisons and actively used to eliminate opponents. Emperor Claudius was poisoned by his wife Agrippina, who cooked soup from a pale toadstool.

mushrooms are healers.
Mushrooms have been used since ancient times as medicines. And now, in many homes, “tea” or “milk” mushroom grows in jars, a drink from which improves immunity and fights inflammatory diseases. In 1940, A. Flemming isolated penicillin from yeast fungi, opening the era of antibiotics. healing properties have champignons, purple rows, meadow and autumn mushrooms, milkman, chaga. And the skin of raincoats is used instead of adhesive tape - its inner part is sterile and has bactericidal properties.

most Russians eat mushrooms.
Half of the inhabitants of Russia collect mushrooms for food on their own. Every fifth buys them on the market. 16% - in the store. 14% of Russians have never eaten mushrooms and do not plan to do so.

mushrooms are a valuable nutritious product.
Mushrooms are a source of protein and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrates, while they do not contain cholesterol at all. By the way, precisely because mushrooms do not contain animal saturated fats, they cannot be classified as animals. In addition to protein and carbohydrates, mushrooms are rich in vitamins B1, B2, D, selenium, potassium and antioxidants.

mushrooms are hallucinogens.
Many mushrooms contain substances that cause a state of euphoria and hallucinations. Ancient shamans and Vikings knew this. Shamans used this property of mushrooms for rituals, and the Vikings used it to give themselves courage and attack the enemy with all fearlessness and power.

billions of fungal spores fly through the air.
Fungi reproduce by spores. By taking air samples in almost any room, you can detect fungal spores. If we talk about traditional mushrooms, then ordinary champignon throws up to 40 million spores! Dung fungus - 100 million spores. The record holder is the raincoat mushroom, which throws out more than seven trillion spores! In this case, the spores are thrown over a distance of more than two meters and they fly at the speed of a car: 90 km / h or 25 meters per second.

the fungus can "pierce" the marble.
During the growth period, the pressure of the fungus reaches seven atmospheres (equal to the pressure in the tires of a dump truck). Therefore, a seemingly soft mushroom cap can break through not only asphalt and concrete, but also harder surfaces such as marble and iron. If the cap itself does not pass, then the mycelium will gradually destroy the barrier.

mushrooms above trees.
Such mushrooms grow in the tundra. The trees there are dwarf, 20-25 cm high and bend down to the ground. And mushrooms are standard, so they rise above the crowns of trees. It is interesting that they grow up almost at one moment, in a hurry to have time to start disputes during the period short summer, and the view is very spectacular. Most of all, this period pleases deer, who are happy to eat the hats of these mushrooms.

mushrooms glow in the dark.
Some mushrooms have luminous mycelium. For example, autumn honey agarics growing on rotten stumps. At the same time, the mycelium penetrates the stump thickly. In the dark, you can see how the rotten glow - phosphorescent. This spectacle used to frighten people very much, who immediately populated the forest with witches and goblins. Interestingly, the flickering of such lights resembles the movement of living beings, as it changes with every tilt, every turn of the head.

mushrooms ladies and gentlemen.
It turns out that mushrooms are divided into male and female individuals. This is evidenced by the structure of fungal DNA, which resembles human sex chromosomes. This was reported by Joseph Heitman, who studies the fungi Phycomyces blakesleeanus in Medical center Duke University. Sexually mature mushrooms can produce common offspring. Not all mushrooms have similar genes, which means that there are also evolving individuals among mushrooms, and who knows what such evolution will lead to.

mushrooms in legends, traditions and dream books.
It is interesting that in those places where mushrooms grow actively, including in Russia, many legends and legends with the participation of mushrooms are composed. At the same time, mushrooms can be good "Forest Mushroom" and evil: "Witch Mushroom". Mushrooms helped people survive in the forest.

The largest mushrooms in the world

If you ask people around, then to the question “What is the most big creature on Earth” almost everyone will answer that blue whale. This is even claimed by some scientists. But they are only partially right. Yes, the blue whale is a big animal. But the largest creature living on earth is a mushroom. In addition, it has been on the planet for several thousand years. In fact, mushrooms are amazing creatures nature. They differ from animals in physiology and the lack of the ability to move independently, but from plants in that they do not take energy and carbon from carbon dioxide and sunlight. What's more, fungi tend to have chitin, which is found in invertebrates. Mushrooms are a huge kingdom of living beings Today, people know about one hundred thousand mushrooms, and some of them bring a lot of benefits to mankind. Here we should not forget about antibiotics and penicillin. Well, besides medicine, mushrooms are eaten. Almost all mushrooms grow in the form of a community of cells, which is collected in a thread of mycelium. And when they germinate into a plant, they can develop a pressure of 800 tons per square meter. And these same fungal threads play the role of the mouth and stomach of mushrooms. They release enzymes that break down potential food into components and eat the nutrients. It turns out that mushrooms grow inside the food they eat. By the way, when you cut a mushroom above the ground, there is still a whole mycelium under it. The mushroom picker is an invisible, but very large part of the fungus. Meanwhile, desperate botanists and the most sophisticated gourmets are in shock. The sizes to which mushrooms can grow can be so impressive that after what they see there are no questions. It is not known what factors can trigger the growth of fungi to unimaginable sizes. But it is clear that such anomalies are extremely rare, at least for today only a few cases are known.

Mushrooms can grow to incredible sizes Mushroom Monster For the first time, the general public learned about the giant mushrooms Armillaria only on April 2, 1992. One of the record holders was on the front page of the most popular New York Times newspaper. The publication described the find, according to reports, the interweaving of underground threads and ground mushrooms covered as many as 15 hectares of land. And all this was a single whole, which experts were able to prove. Armillaria - small mushrooms with a huge mycelium In the same year, another giant mushroom of the same species was found. It occupied a space of about 6 square kilometers. But even he did not become a real record holder. The largest mushroom on the planet grew in Malheur National Park in the state of Oregon in the city of Blue Mountains. "Mushroom" covered an area of 890 hectares, which is approximately 1220 football fields. Scientists even calculated how long it took him to grow so huge. It turns out that the age of the fungus is at least 2400 years old. It belongs to the species Armilaria ostoyae, and besides this, it is known as the honey mushroom. However, you definitely cannot make soup from such a record holder, since it is inedible. On the surface, the mushroom leaves only dead trees and small mushrooms, the rest is all underground.

Most old mushroom in the world

giant mushrooms

And here is the biggest edible mushroom found a certain Jean Guy Richard in Canada. In his basket was a unique raincoat (Calvatia gigantean). And he was really gigantic. The mushroom weighed exactly 22 kilograms and was 2.64 meters in circumference. A giant mushroom weighing 22 kg However, the Mexicans are really lucky. In the summer of 2007, a mushroom weighing about 20 kilograms and more than 60 centimeters long was found on coffee plantations in the Chiaps state of southeastern Mexico. It is noteworthy that he grew up right among the coffee trees. Another edible record holder found in Italy weighed 14 kilograms. It was discovered by Francesco Quito in the province of Bari. And it was a mushroom. To drag such a find home, the mushroom picker had to look for a car.

The biggest mushroom in Italy

Well, the previous giant mushroom was a truffle. True, he weighed a little less than his predecessors, only 7 kilograms. And the most interesting thing is that the people who found the mushroom did not find anything better than to fry and eat the find with their neighbors. And this is taking into account the fact that mushrooms in Italy are valued quite expensively, so the forest miracle could be sold at a profit. One more natural wonder met in the forests of Switzerland. Interesting fact, a huge mushroom turned out to be a simple honey agaric. Scientists were truly struck by its size, because no one had ever suspected before that such mushrooms as mushrooms could become giants. And in fact, the size of the mushroom can inspire respect. Its length is 800 meters and its width is about half a kilometer. With its size, honey agarics covered 35 hectares. In principle, his age is not small, according to the most conservative estimates, one thousand years.

The largest mushroom in the world

In 2011, there were reports that scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the island of Hainan found a mushroom weighing approximately 402-516 kilograms. Since then, it has been called the largest mushroom on the planet. Yu Cheng Dai and his colleagues made the discovery quite by accident. The company went on an expedition with one goal - to study the representatives of the kingdom of fungi in general, they were especially interested in those that, of course, are found in forests native island. The largest mushroom in the world was found in China. It was Fomitiporia ellipsoidea The mushroom was assigned to the species Fomitiporia ellipsoidea, and its age was estimated at 20 years. Over the years, he managed to grow almost 11 centimeters long, 88 centimeters wide and 5 centimeters thick. The mushroom has an unprecedented volume - 409-535 thousand cubic centimeters. However, three years earlier, also in China, but on the other island of Fujian, similar huge mushrooms were discovered, however, they were very different in size from their counterpart from Hainan.

Helpful Hints About Mushrooms

Never eat too many mushrooms (in any form). Although edible mushrooms are delicious, they still require good digestion; the most best mushrooms, eaten in excess, can cause severe and even dangerous indigestion in people with weakened and improper digestion.

For aging mushrooms, before cooking them, you should always remove the bottom layer of the cap: agaric- plates, in spongy ones - a sponge, which in a ripe mushroom for the most part becomes soft and easily separated from the cap. Mature spores, contained in abundance in the plates and sponge of a ripe mushroom, are almost not digested.

Peeled mushrooms should be placed in cold water for 30 minutes to soak the sand and dry leaves adhering to them, and thoroughly washed 2-3 times, each time pouring fresh water. It is good to add a little salt to it - it will help get rid of the worms in the mushrooms.

There are fewer mushrooms in the shady wilderness than in patches lit by the sun.

Do not try raw mushrooms!

Do not eat overripe, slimy, flabby, wormy or spoiled mushrooms.

Remember about false mushrooms: do not take mushrooms with a brightly colored cap.

Mushrooms keep well if soaked for several hours in cold water, then cut off the contaminated parts of the legs, rinse in water with the addition of citric acid and boil in water with a small addition of salt to taste. After that, put the hot champignons together with the broth into glass jars, close (but do not roll up!) And store in a cool place (in the refrigerator). From these champignons you can cook various dishes and sauces.

Never pick or eat mushrooms that have a tuberous bulge at the base (like the red fly agaric) and don't taste them.

Be sure to boil the morels and stitches and rinse thoroughly with hot water.

Milky mushrooms should be boiled or soaked for a long time before salting or eating fresh.

Raw mushrooms float, cooked mushrooms sink to the bottom.

When cleaning fresh mushrooms, only the lower, contaminated part of the stem is cut off.

Remove the top skin of the cap from the oil.

In morels, the caps are cut off from the legs, soaked for an hour in cold water, washed thoroughly, changing the water 2-3 times, and boiled in salted water for 10-15 minutes. The decoction is not used for food.

Bouillons and sauces are prepared from porcini mushrooms; they are tasty in salted and pickled form. With any method of preparation, they do not change their inherent color and aroma.

Only a decoction of porcini mushrooms and champignons can be used. Even a small amount of this decoction improves any dish.

Boletus and boletus are not suitable for making soups, as they give dark broths. They are fried, stewed, salted and marinated.

Milk mushrooms and mushrooms are used mainly for salting.

Russula is boiled, fried and salted.

Honey mushrooms are fried. Small caps of these mushrooms are very tasty in salted and pickled form.

Chanterelles are never wormy. They are fried, salted and marinated.

Before stewing, the mushrooms are fried.

Mushrooms should be seasoned with sour cream only after they are well fried, otherwise the mushrooms will turn out boiled.

Mushrooms have such a delicate taste and smell that the addition of pungent spices to them only worsens their taste. They are the only mushrooms of their kind that have a light, slightly sour taste.

It is better to fill such primordially Russian food as mushrooms with sunflower oil. All tubular mushrooms are fried on it, as well as russula, chanterelles, champignons. They are filled with salted milk mushrooms and volnushki. Oil is poured into glass jars with pickled butternuts and mushrooms, so that a thin layer of it protects the marinade from mold.

Do not leave fresh mushrooms for a long time, substances dangerous to health and even life appear in them. Sort right away and start cooking. In extreme cases, put them in a colander, sieve or enamel pan and, without covering with a lid, refrigerate, but not more than a day and a half.

Mushrooms picked in rainy weather spoil especially quickly. If you leave them in the basket for several hours, they will soften, become unusable. Therefore, they must be prepared immediately. But also ready mushroom dishes can not be stored for a long time - they will deteriorate.

So that the peeled mushrooms do not turn black, put them in salted water, add a little vinegar.

It is easy to remove the skin from russula if you first pour boiling water over them.

With butter before cooking, be sure to remove the film covered with mucus.

Spices are put in the marinade only when it is completely cleared of foam.

So that the marinade from boletus and boletus does not turn black, pour boiling water over them before cooking, hold in this water for 10 minutes, rinse, and then cook in the usual way.

So that the peeled champignons do not darken, they are placed in water slightly acidified with lemon or citric acid.

Be aware of the possibility of botulism and other bacterial diseases in case of violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements when canning mushrooms.

Do not roll up jars with pickled and salted mushrooms with metal lids; this can lead to the development of the botulinum microbe. It is enough to cover the jar with two sheets of paper - plain and waxed, tie tightly and put in a cool place.
It should be remembered that the botulinum bacteria produce their deadly toxin only when there is a severe lack of oxygen (i.e. inside hermetically sealed cans) and at temperatures above +18 degrees. C. When storing canned food at temperatures below +18 gr. With (in the refrigerator) the formation of botulinum toxin in canned food is impossible.

For drying, not old strong mushrooms are selected. They are sorted out and cleaned of adhering earth, but not washed.

In porcini mushrooms, the legs are cut off completely or partially so that no more than half remains. Dry them separately.

In boletus and boletus, the legs are not cut off, but the whole mushroom is cut vertically in half or into 4 parts.

All edible mushrooms can be salted, but most often only lamellar mushrooms are used for this, since tubular mushrooms become flabby when salted.

The marinade from boletus and boletus will not turn black if you pour boiling water over the mushrooms before cooking, soak in this water for 5-10 minutes, then rinse with cold water.

To make the marinade light and transparent, it is necessary to remove the foam during cooking.

Salted mushrooms cannot be kept warm, nor can they be frozen: in either case, they darken.

Store dry mushrooms in a sealed container, otherwise the aroma will evaporate.

If dried mushrooms crumble during storage, do not throw away the crumbs. Powder them and store in a well-stoppered glass jar in a cool, dry place. This powder can be used to make mushroom sauces and broths.

It is good to hold dried mushrooms for several hours in salted milk - they will become like fresh ones.

Dried mushrooms are much better absorbed if they are ground into a powder. From such mushroom flour, you can cook soups, sauces, add to stewed vegetables, meat.

Dried chanterelles are better boiled if you add a little baking soda to the water.

Stitches and morels must be boiled for 7-10 minutes before cooking, pour out the broth (it contains poison). After that, the mushrooms can be boiled or fried.

Boil chanterelles and valui before marinating in salted water for 25 minutes, put on a sieve and rinse. Then put in a saucepan, pour the required amount of water and vinegar, add salt and boil again.

Boil the mushrooms in the marinade for 10-25 minutes. Mushrooms are considered ready when they begin to sink to the bottom and the brine becomes clear.

Salted mushrooms are supposed to be stored in a cold place and at the same time make sure that mold does not appear. From time to time, the cloth and the circle with which they are covered should be washed in hot, slightly salted water.

Pickled mushrooms should be stored in a cool place. In case of mold, all the mushrooms should be thrown into a colander and washed with boiling water, then make a new marinade, boil the mushrooms in it and, putting them in clean jars, pour vegetable oil and cover with paper.

Dried mushrooms easily absorb moisture from the air, so they should be stored in a dry place in moisture-proof bags or tightly closed jars.

When salting mushrooms, do not neglect dill. Feel free to put it, marinating butterfish, salting russula, chanterelles, valui. But milk mushrooms, mushrooms, whites and volnushki are better to be salted without fragrant herbs. Their natural aroma is more pleasant than dill.

Don't forget the hell. Leaves and roots of horseradish, put in mushrooms, not only give them a spicy sharpness, but are reliably preserved without becoming sour.

Green twigs of blackcurrant give the mushrooms a flavor, and cherry and oak leaves - appetizing fragility and strength.

Most mushrooms are best salted without onions. It quickly loses its aroma, easily turns sour. Chop onions (you can also green) only in salted mushrooms and milk mushrooms, as well as in pickled mushrooms and mushrooms.

Bay leaf, thrown into boiling mushrooms and mushrooms, will give them a special flavor. Put in the marinade also a little cinnamon, cloves, star anise.

Mushrooms are the wealth that nature itself gives us. If earlier mushrooms belonged only to plants, now they contain both signs of plants and animals. Every avid mushroom picker dreams of finding the largest white mushroom. There is different types white mushrooms. There are some of them that you can't eat.

Features

So by what signs can you determine that you have found a white mushroom? Let's start with the hat. She is pillow-shaped, almost white color. In diameter, it is up to approximately 20 cm. After rain, it will be slippery to the touch and slightly stick to your hands. The hymenophore will be tubular. The tubes are located very tightly, so when pressed, they can turn blue.

White mushroom is also called the king of all mushrooms. First of all, because of its taste and size. The porcini mushroom has another name - boletus, or it is also called a cow. So why is it called white? The answer is simple. If you cut it, dry it or cook it. It will not change its color. All other mushrooms may take on a brown color, or even turn black. It is valued for its unique nutrients.

Karelian miracle

In 2014, the Davydovs met a real giant. AT Karelian forest they found a porcini mushroom of incredible size. According to mushroom pickers, it was already slightly spoiled by insects, but even in this form it looked very impressive.

Dangerous porcini mushroom

Of the fairly large variety of porcini mushrooms, there is one that should never be consumed. It is called the "satanic" porcini mushroom. These are extremely dangerous mushrooms. The diameter of the cap sometimes reaches 30 cm. If you cut it, you will see that it may turn slightly blue. They have, especially old mushrooms, an extremely unpleasant smell.

It may resemble a rotten onion or smell like carrion. But in some countries, for example, in the Czech Republic and France, it is considered conditionally edible. You can cook it, but first it is soaked and boiled for a very long time (10 hours). After prolonged processing, it loses its taste qualities and becomes inedible.

White mushroom from the Suzdal forest

by the most mushroom time considered autumn. But you can collect them and not only in the fall. Mushrooms such as white mushrooms, and many others, begin to appear as early as the beginning of June. But this is all approximate, it all depends on what the weather will be like.

Most good time for a trip to the forest for mushrooms - this is 5 days after the rain. During this time, the mushroom should grow. If this summer time and it will be very hot outside better mushrooms search under the trees. That is where they will hide. White mushrooms love a lot of moisture. In dry weather it is very difficult to find them.

A resident of Vladimir managed to find a specimen weighing 2 kg. According to the happy owner of this miracle, the white mushroom was up to his knee and the diameter of the cap was about 30 cm.

But not only do porcini mushrooms love rain, but also that the soil temperature be from 15-18 degrees. All mushrooms, as well as porcini, should be sought in the forest. If you see an anthill or a fern, then this is a clear sign that there are porcini mushrooms somewhere nearby. They also grow in spruce and pine forests. The largest mushrooms grow there. If you find such, then in no case do not pull it out. Take a knife and cut. In the future, new mushrooms will grow on the mycelium.

The gift of the Polish forest

A resident of the Polish town of Bydgoszcz was incredibly lucky, a man found a porcini mushroom weighing 3 kg. The diameter of the hat of this handsome man is about 40 cm. It happened in 2013. What is further fate the Polish record holder can only be guessed at. The mushroom picker himself claimed in an interview with a local newspaper that he plans to freeze his find and cook a special Christmas dish out of it.

record holders

Giant mushrooms can be quite edible. One of these was a porcini mushroom found in the Moscow region. Its size will surely cause the envy of seasoned mushroom pickers. Its weight reached 11 kg, and the diameter of its hat was 58 cm. The find became known in 1961. It was announced on the radio live. Unfortunately, exact location its discovery is not known, and it is almost impossible to find a photograph on the Internet.

Lovers " silent hunting", who find such giant mushrooms, do not understand what value they are. They just eat their find. If you find such a mushroom, then it is better to give it for research, it is clear that, most likely, no one will return it to you back, and you will not taste it anymore. But you can go down in history as the man who found the largest white mushroom in the world.

Today, on the Internet, many mushroom pickers post their videos and photos of large and small, beautiful and slightly ugly mushrooms found. This is a representative of the Carpathian forest, which was found in 2015. The exact weight of the giant is unknown, but it is assumed that he is in no way inferior to his Polish competitor.

There are many very interesting and entertaining things about mushrooms. For example, in Japan, biologists made an amazing statement that mushrooms can think and remember, and the mycelium, for its uniqueness, is called the underground “Internet”.

The most interesting thing is that the mycelium itself grows endlessly, sometimes reaching enormous sizes. 10 years ago, a mushroom net was found in one of the US states, it stretched underground for almost 900 hectares, which is equal to approximately 1800 football fields. Knowing that the mycelium is the vegetative body of the fungus, we can say that the discovered find is the largest mushroom in the world.

Mushrooms are a special form of life that combines the characteristics of plants and animals. Among them there are champions in height and weight. Biologists believe that giant mushrooms are not an anomaly. Any mushroom can become a giant if it grows in favorable conditions for it. And oddly enough, most of the largest mushrooms are edible, which by some miracle did not fall into the mushroom picker's basket and were not eaten by animals.

The list includes the largest mushrooms in the world, which became known to the media.

weight 2 kg

Unlocks ten large mushrooms. The record holder was discovered by a young gardener, Terry Hodson-Walker, after the rainy season. The width of the giant's hat was approximately 46 centimeters, and it weighed 2 kilograms. After the discovery, the girl decided to apply to the Guinness Book of Records in order for the macromycete to be officially recognized as the largest mushroom in the world. The scientific name of the discovered fungus is Calvatia gigantea. This is an ordinary raincoat, which can be found almost all over the world. This species can reach colossal sizes, but often becomes a victim of forest animals that are not averse to feasting on a raincoat.

Boletus from Russia weight 2.4 kg

Another contender for the title of the largest mushroom in the world is found in the Tomsk region. Local mushroom picker Alexei Korol found a giant boletus in the forest near his village. The diameter of the cap of the giant mushroom was 36 centimeters, and the height of the stem was 28 cm. The weight of the record holder was 2 kilograms 400 grams! As the Rossiya TV channel noted, this is not some kind of mutant alien from outer space, but an ordinary birch boletus, not even wormy.

Lingzhi from China weight 7.5 kg

The found huge varnished tinder fungus, or, as it is called in China - (Ganoderma lucidum) - weighs 7.5 kg, and its diameter is 107 cm. They found a find in one of the provincial Chinese cities of Hezhou. This mushroom belongs to the genus Ganoderma, which has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It is also called the "mushroom of immortality". Lingzhi is believed to boost immunity due to active compounds called polysaccharides, which can increase the activity of white blood cells. The impressive size and weight of the tinder fungus allow it to take one of the lines in the ranking of the largest mushrooms in the world.

Raincoat from Russia weight 12 kg

The largest mushroom in Russia is found by mushroom picker Vladislav Grabosinsky in the fall of 2011 in the Perm Territory. The diameter of the giant's hat was 1 meter and 72 centimeters, and the height was about half a meter. The weight of the find exceeded 12 kilograms. Biologists do not consider this find rare. Raincoats grew and large sizes reaching 20 kg in weight. Raincoats are eaten when they are still young. Since it was already too late to eat the giant, Vladislav took him to study at the Botany Department of Perm University. This edible miracle was listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

Mushroom from Italy weight 14 kg

Macromycetes from China weight 15 kg

In the Chinese province of Yunnan, a giant weighing 15 kilograms was discovered. The mushroom not only turned out to be huge, but also had an unusual shape. Outwardly, it looked like a hundred small mushroom caps growing on one leg! In the diameter of the hat, it reached almost 1 meter. Scientists have not yet determined what kind of eccentric mushroom organism belongs to.

Macrocybe Titans from USA weight 20 kg

If we talk about traditional macromycetes in the usual sense, then the size leader can be called, which grows in the Caribbean countries and the USA. In one of the southern Mexican states in 2007, a specimen was found, the mass of which was 20 kg, and the height was about 70 cm. However, this find is not the only one. In 2005, in the United States, Mexican biologist and mushroom specialist Rene Andrade stumbled upon the same mushroom, which also grew on a coffee plantation, and its weight was as much as 28 kilograms. Such large sizes make this macromycete the object of close attention of the scientific community.

Macromycete from Canada weight 26 kg

Fomitiporia ellipsoidea from China weight 500 kg

Another mushroom found and studied by Chinese mycologists grew 10.85 meters in height with a hat width of 82-88 cm. Scientists believe that this outstanding representative of the mushroom kingdom grew for at least 20 years. A giant tinder fungus with the world's largest fruiting body was found on Hainan Island in 2010, and has now been studied and classified. The brown monster turned out to be a perennial tree fungus - a representative of the species. One of the authors of the discovery, Yu Cheng Dai, from the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says that he and his colleagues first found solid specimens of the same fungus in Fujian province back in 2008. But still, those macromycetes were not as large as the giant from Hainan. Interestingly, the authors of the study did not deliberately look for a record holder, but simply studied the diversity of tree mushrooms in the forests of the island. “None of us even imagined that a mushroom could grow so huge,” says Professor Dai. “We didn’t recognize him right away in the forest because he was too big.” Biologists estimated the volume of this fungus at 409-525 thousand cm3, and its weight at about 500 kilograms. Discovered by scientists, F. ellipsoidea grows underground, so it went unnoticed for a long time and was able to grow to such an impressive size.

Armillaria ostoyae from USA weight over 600 kg

The first line of the rating is occupied by the largest mushroom in the world, which mycologists discovered in the relict forests of the United States. It is considered the largest living being on the planet. This giant belongs to the Armillaria family, whose representatives have long been known for their size. Most of this living organism was underground, only small mushrooms could be clearly seen on the surface. The name of these macromycetes - or otherwise they are called honey mushrooms. One such honey agaric fits easily in the hand and is not too remarkable. But his mycelium, which is a single organism, occupied 880 hectares of area in the Oregon National Park! Its tentacles are located underground and entangle an area equal in size to 1665 football fields. The fungus has grown through the Oregon forests for about 2,500 years, destroying the root systems of trees in its path. That is why this macromycete is considered the largest on the planet.

Kira Stoletova

Mushrooms are unique organisms that combine signs of flora and fauna. They differ from plants in that they produce oxygen from carbon dioxide, and from animals in the ability to move and physiological features. The largest mushrooms are admired by people all over the world.

general information

Today, a person knows more than a hundred thousand species of organisms. A certain percentage of them bring a lot of benefits to a person. Therefore, in all corners of the planet - in the USA and Russia, in Australia and Brazil - an edible mushroom is the basis of a variety of dishes. The product is used in the following areas:

Food industry. Winemaking, production of fermented milk products, bakery and confectionery.
Medical industry. Penicillin is made from mushrooms. as well as other drugs and antibiotics.

They are partly used in veterinary medicine as a medicine, as well as as a raw material for obtaining medicines.

Unique Features

Giant mushrooms, like all others, grow as a collection of cells, gathering into a thread of mycelium.

As soon as this system matures, it creates a pressure of 700-750 tons per 1 m². In fungi, the filaments perform the function of the gastrointestinal tract. In the body of mushrooms there are special enzymes - enzymes - which they release to crush food and consume the necessary substances.

Top giant mushrooms

Biologists note that finding a huge mushroom is not so difficult.

Some representatives reach large sizes only thanks to good conditions development. The media is actively promoting this topic. Therefore, lists appeared that combine the largest mushrooms in the world:

10th place is clearly not the largest mushroom, when compared with the rest, but in the UK it is a clear favorite. He was found by a young girl gardening. Plant weight - 2 kg, hat - 46 cm in diameter.
9th place - Boletus. It was discovered in Russia in the Tomsk region. Boletus is a contender for the title of the largest edible mushroom. It is distinguished not only by a hat with a diameter of 36 cm and a weight of 2.4 kg, but also by its color. This organism, found in Russia, has a brown stem and cap.
8th place - Lingzhi. In Russia and CIS countries, it is known as Trutovik Lacquered. China's largest mushroom is Lingzhi. Its weight: 7.5 kg, a hat measuring 1 m 7 cm. Lingzhi are unique in that they are actively used in folk medicine. These organisms contain polysaccharides. They increase the dynamism of blood cells, thereby increasing immunity.
7th place - Russian Raincoat. He was found by a resident Perm Territory. This is a large mushroom with a cap diameter of 172 cm, a leg of 50 cm and a mass of 12 kg. This type of mushroom is edible, so it was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest edible mushroom in the world.
6th place - Italian Champignon, found in the province of Baria. Its weight is 14 kg. The finder could not carry it in his hands, so he had to use a car to take the find with a big hat to the village. The mushroom turned out to be edible.
5th place - Chinese macromycetes. Another representative, surprising with its parameters. It is distinguished by its non-standard shape and its size. The hat diameter is approximately 100 cm, weight - 15 kg. Scientists have not yet been able to classify it, but it rightfully takes its place in the list of the largest mushrooms in the world.
4th place - titanium macromycetes. These huge mushrooms are known for their unique parameters. In the United States, two such specimens have been discovered, claiming to be the largest mushroom on the planet. The first one was found in 2005 in one of the coffee fields. He weighed 28 kg. The second applicant was found in 2007, his weight was 20 kg, the leg height was 70 cm.
3rd place - Canadian macromycetes. It, like the rest of the representatives of this species, is distinguished by its enormous size. A raincoat of enormous size and weighing 26 kg was found in the forest. This surprised people so much that they called the mushroom the largest on earth.
2nd place - Chinese Fomitiporia ellipsoidea. A huge plant was found on about. Hainan. Hat with a diameter of 88 cm, height - 10.8 m, weight - 5 q. There are few plants on earth that can compare with it. The volume was 400-525 cm³. The peculiarity of this organism is that it does not develop outside, but underground.
1st place is rightfully occupied by the largest mushroom in the world, originally from the forests of the United States. This living organism belongs to the Armilaria family, whose representatives are distinguished by their impressive parameters. Most of it was outside human vision. Armillaria ostoyae are macromycetes also known as Honey Mushrooms. The fungus is a single organism. She occupied an area of 880 hectares in an Oregon park. The networks of Armillaria ostoyae have sprouted on an area equal to almost 1,700 football fields, so this organism is deservedly called the largest mushroom on the planet.