Organization of interdepartmental interaction. Efficiency of interdepartmental interaction. Problems of interdepartmental interaction. Improvement of interdepartmental interaction. Effective forms and methods of organizing interdepartmental interaction
Interdepartmental interaction can be considered as a kind of social interaction. The parties to the interaction are socially oriented entities (executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, organizations subordinate to them, institutions, non-profit organizations and others) that achieve their goals through certain professionally specialized measures and actions.
The main ways and means of optimizing the interdepartmental interaction of social institutions in solving the problems of preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency are:
Providing interaction processes with the necessary legislative framework; scientific and methodological substantiation of complex work;
A clear delineation of functions between the participants in the interaction at all levels of collaboration;
Providing institutions with powers and means in accordance with the functions performed and the tasks set;
Providing management structures and institutions with qualified personnel; organization of a single information space;
Creation of a common concept of joint actions;
Optimization of the work of the interdepartmental coordinating link and others.
The activities of the bodies and institutions of the prevention system to provide assistance to convicted minors to punishment measures not related to deprivation of liberty, minors released from places of deprivation of liberty, as well as minors returning from SVU ST, are carried out in accordance with the following basic principles:
The principle of interdepartmental interaction - determines the procedure for the formation of relations between the subjects of the prevention system by coordinating action plans and actions for their implementation, monitoring their implementation;
The principle of distribution of areas of responsibility - involves specific performers, assigning to them a certain range of tasks within the framework of departmental competence, the implementation of which is necessary to achieve the goals set;
The principle of an individual approach - is implemented through the implementation of the rehabilitation process, taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular child and family, which largely influence their behavior in different life situations;
The principle of legality - provides for compliance with the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in work with convicted juveniles and their families;
The principle of complexity - involves the implementation of a systematic approach in working with minors and their families and the impact on them, taking into account all aspects: economic, legal, social, medical, pedagogical, psychological.
An important form of interdepartmental interaction is the exchange of information characterizing the situation of families and children in the jurisdictional territory and necessary for carrying out activities in their interests with authorities, state and non-state institutions, organizations and services.
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1 Effective forms and methods of organizing interdepartmental interaction in work with minors who are in a socially dangerous situation Krivenkova Natalya Ivanovna, State Educational Institution "Kostyukovichi District Social and Pedagogical Center", social teacher. tel. 8 (02245) May they never feel bad, May hope for the best live on. Adults! Well, perform a miracle, Let there be no orphans on earth. V. Makut The family in modern conditions does not always independently find a way out of difficult life situations, which leads to an increase in the number of dysfunctional families. Family trouble finds expression in conflict relations between parents, between children and parents, antisocial behavior. A dysfunctional family needs outside help. A child from a family of any type can become an object of state protection and support. However, the degree of need for socio-pedagogical protection and support for different categories of children will be different. Especially vulnerable are minors who are in a socially dangerous situation (SOP). As work experience shows, no single service is able to independently remove a family from a socially dangerous situation, this is possible only by combining efforts within the framework of interagency cooperation and providing comprehensive assistance to families. Interdepartmental interaction is currently one of the important forms of work of prevention subjects, which allows joint efforts to solve the common tasks of protecting children's rights, preventing neglect and juvenile delinquency, as well as preventing the socially dangerous situation of families. One of the main goals of prevention professionals is to use available information to help all participants in the interaction to create a working social system by agreeing on mutual responsibilities and priorities. The main task of the specialists of the State Educational Institution "Kostyukovichsky District Social and Pedagogical Center", as well as other interested services, is the timely coordination of actions aimed at
2 assistance to the family in finding a way out of a difficult life situation in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. In order to prevent social orphanhood, much attention is paid to the early detection of family problems. The first, and very important, stage of interagency cooperation begins with preventive work. Issues related to the implementation of Decree 18 are systematically considered at meetings of the district and village executive committees, meetings of the commissions on juvenile affairs of the district executive committee, unified days of informing the population, various seminars and meetings. In order to strengthen departmental control over the activities of organizations authorized by the state to protect the rights and legitimate interests of children in a socially dangerous situation, there is a coordinating council for monitoring the implementation of Decree 18. In order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of minors in a socially dangerous situation, regular commission trips, both in the city of Kostyukovichi and in the Kostyukovichi district. The raids are attended by specialists and employees of educational institutions of the district, the Kostyukovichi Central District Hospital, the District Department of Internal Affairs, the Inspectorate for Juvenile Affairs, the Commission on Juvenile Affairs, the Department of Labor, Employment, Social Protection, rural executive committees, ROChS, representatives of public organizations. In 2013, 289 commission visits were carried out, SOC specialists participated in 12 interdepartmental raids "Family" and raids "Family without violence", 542 families raising 859 children were visited at home. Since 2011, interdepartmental work has been intensified to eliminate the socially dangerous situation of minors. One of the effective forms of work is the implementation of protocols of instructions following the results of raids on families whose children are in a socially dangerous situation (decision of the Regional Coordinating Council of September 7, 2011). During the period of 2013, 6 protocols of instructions to interested services were drawn up. According to the protocols of instructions: assistance in finding employment was offered to 6 citizens, three parents were examined by a narcologist, one minor was sent for rehabilitation to the sanatorium school "Zhivitsa" in Gomel (for 2 shifts), employees of the District Department of Internal Affairs organized preventive work with three parents, in as a result of the work carried out, two citizens were coded. Assistance was rendered to a large family, who arrived from another region, to repair a dwelling. When eliminating
In the event of family distress, various types of family assistance are used: psychological and pedagogical support, legal counseling, medical assistance, etc. A number of measures have been taken to help children work outside of school hours, including during vacation time. It also analyzes reports coming from the Department of Education, Sports and Tourism, the District Department of Internal Affairs, Housing and Public Utilities, the Central District Hospital, the court, the ROChS, etc., about possible social ill-being in families with dependent minor children. During the period of 2013, specialists of the State Educational Institution "Kostyukovichi District Social and Pedagogical Center" together with specialists from educational institutions of the district and other services carried out checks of signals about family troubles received from interested organizations. In total, 299 reports were received (which is 63 messages more than in 2012) about the revealed facts of trouble in families that have 579 dependent children. Of these: -125 reports from the ROVD; - from UPP "Zhilkommunhoz" - 80 messages; - from the department of education, sports and tourism - 8 messages; - from the health institution "Kostyukovichskaya CRH" - 24 messages; -from the court -38 messages; - from ROChS - 5 messages; - from KDN - 7 messages; - from RUE "Mogilevenergo" - 2 messages; - from RUE "Mogilevoblgaz" - 1 message; - from UKP "Vodokanal" - 9 messages. For each message received by teachers, a social investigation was carried out to determine whether the minors are in a socially dangerous situation, whether there are signs indicating that there is a threat to the life and health of minors. Conclusions and reasoned conclusions are drawn indicating appropriate assistance to children. Based on the results of consideration of reports, 58 minors from 23 families were recognized as being in a socially dangerous situation, in 2012 - 15 minors from 9 families. The second stage of interdepartmental interaction includes accompaniment of minors who are in a socially dangerous situation. In order to implement the requirements of Decree 18 of the President of the Republic of Belarus of the year “On additional measures for the state protection of children in dysfunctional families”, the State Educational Institution “Kostyukovichi District Social and Pedagogical Center” maintains a regional data bank of minors who are in a socially dangerous situation. The data bank is updated as it becomes available
4 information is kept up to date and information is sent monthly to all interested institutions and departments responsible for the implementation of Decree 18. On a monthly basis, educational institutions provide information to the State Educational Institution "Kostyukovichi District Social and Pedagogical Center" on the registration of minors recognized as being in a socially dangerous situation, reporting information on the difficulties and effectiveness of work in the implementation of individual plans for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors. Also, the Program for the Education and Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Children in a Socially Dangerous Situation, the Program for the Rehabilitation of the Family and the Child, and the “Teenager” Program are being implemented. Problems in dysfunctional families are similar, but each family remains unique and different from others. Understanding this fact makes it necessary to pay much attention to the development and implementation of individual plans for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors who are in a socially dangerous situation. To this end, the specialists of the SPC coordinate a full social investigation for each dysfunctional family, so that the types of assistance that exist in the family must correspond to the existing problems, all possible problems and ways to solve them are taken into account for a gradual exit from the current unfavorable situation. The work of specialists from educational institutions, the socio-pedagogical center with parents whose children are recognized as being in a socially dangerous situation, is aimed at eliminating the causes of family distress. In 2013, the specialists of the socio-pedagogical center on anti-alcohol topics held 452 individual consultations for parents, 10 group consultations for 208 parents. In working with the family, both new and old forms of work were used: the involvement of the clergy, the organization of the work of clubs for parents "Family", not only in schools, but also in preschool institutions, fathers' clubs. Specialists of the State Educational Institution "Kostyukovichsky District Socio-Pedagogical Center" developed a series of conversations (5 lessons) for parents who were brought to administrative responsibility for the first time, who have dependent minor children, but were not registered according to the results of a social investigation. At this stage, requests are sent to institutions and departments for a detailed study of the state of affairs in the family. Requests can be sent to health care institutions, departments of internal affairs (inspectorate for minors), the department for labor, employment and social protection of the district executive committee, UPP "Zhilkommunkhoz", rural executive committees, registry office,
5 enterprises and organizations where parents of minors work, other organizations, departments and services. As a result of the work carried out, 22 parents were treated for alcohol addiction, 23 parents were employed. 10 minors, recognized as being in a socially dangerous situation, were registered in preschool institutions. Paternity was established voluntarily by three parents for four children. Financial support is provided to the families of SOPs: state targeted social assistance is assigned to 20 families in the amount of 76152.11 thousand rubles, 5 families receive free baby food in the amount of 20534.59 thousand rubles. In order to provide financial assistance to families in need, various actions are held annually in all educational institutions. In 2013, educational institutions held such campaigns as "Warm Home", "Hello School", "Care", "Christmas Gift to a Friend", "Miracles for Christmas", "Easter Gift", a charity marathon "Step to a meeting", " The warmth of children's hearts "and others. All children in a socially dangerous situation received gifts from the Samoritan Wallet charity foundation, 9 children from the Children's Charitable Foundation as part of the Let's Warm Children's Hearts marathon, 10 children from the Children's Peace Foundation. Children were given clothes, shoes, toys, school supplies, bicycles. Every year, by the beginning of the school year, all educational institutions hold the “Get the Child to School” campaign to provide financial support to disadvantaged and low-income families. Through the efforts of educational institutions in the households of SOP families, the heating system was repaired and electrical wiring was repaired. In 2013, employees of the department of education, sports and tourism of the district executive committee, together with the ROChS, installed APIs in 27 households of families with the output of a light and sound device on the facade, at the beginning of 2014. where the parents work. Materials are being prepared to be sent to the Commission on Juvenile Affairs of the Kostyukovichi District Executive Committee. In total for the period of 2013, 59 petitions were sent to take action against parents for improper performance of parental duties. At the third stage of interdepartmental interaction, the final control of the effectiveness of rehabilitation work with disadvantaged families is carried out, the coordinator of which is the socio-pedagogical center. The specialists of the center summarize and analyze socio-pedagogical information about the state of affairs in families where
6 minors are recognized in a socially dangerous position, after rehabilitation measures, they identify shortcomings, draw conclusions and conclusions, as a result of which a final decision is made: either on deregistration, or on correction and processing of individual protection plans to intensify work with families and minors on withdrawal from a socially dangerous position. Undoubtedly, family trouble as a problem in the Kostyukovichi district remains relevant, but it should be noted that there is also a positive trend in work. In 2013, 96 minors from 54 families were registered as being in a socially dangerous situation, 65 children from 33 families were deregistered. In 2012, 46 minors from 27 families were delivered, 61 children from 35 families were deregistered. 5 children from 3 families were recognized as in need of state protection, which is 2 times less than in 2012. There were no terminations of parental rights. At the same time, problematic issues remain: the employment of parents (according to the data bank, 26 parents do not work), 25 parents continue to abuse alcohol. Regarding employment, all educational institutions sent petitions to the Department of Labour, Employment and Social Protection for assistance in finding employment in relation to all parents who abuse alcohol, petitions were sent to the Kostyukovichi Central District Hospital for preventive work with these parents by a narcologist. Unfortunately, work with minors who are in a socially dangerous situation and their parents does not always lead to positive results. But we are glad that in some families, as a result of the purposeful, joint, systematic and painstaking work, peace and mutual understanding still reign, and the children feel the warmth, care of relatives and friends.
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(local) regulations developed by the institution in the course of its activities. 2. Organizational structure 2.1. The structure of the department includes: Social emergency response service "Child
An institution in relation to a student and families in a socially dangerous situation, which is aimed at: preventing neglect, delinquency and other negative manifestations among students;
1. Interdepartmental analysis and interdepartmental forecasting are used to collect data (information) necessary to identify problems in the organization of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation.
Interdepartmental analysis is aimed at joint analytical developments of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, where, based on the results obtained, further forecasting of the effectiveness of preventive work with families in a socially dangerous situation can be built.
The combination of information flows organized by various subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction makes it possible to foresee the emergence of new problems in the family that is the object of interdepartmental interaction (for example, possible conflicts between a minor and his parents [other legal representatives]).
It seems necessary to analyze the totality of the data obtained by the body organizing and coordinating interdepartmental interaction (the commission of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the territorial [municipal] commission) from the point of view of predicting scenarios for the development of events, which predetermines the alignment and tactics of using various professional forces.
2. Holding meetings of the commission of the subject of the Russian Federation, territorial (municipal) commissions, as well as advisory bodies created by them (if any): working groups, councils, headquarters, councils and other bodies.
3. Joint development of guidelines, rules, procedures, regulations that are mandatory for the subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction during their joint work, the establishment of which before the start of joint work with families in a socially dangerous situation affects the final result of interaction.
4. Coordination of documents necessary both for the organizational aspects of the implementation of interdepartmental interaction, and for the implementation of the joint professional activity itself.
5. Carrying out joint comprehensive targeted activities, inspections, projects, operations, etc.
This form can be of two types.
Firstly, this is a set of measures designed for a long period with the consistent accumulation of information, professional experience in working with families in a socially dangerous situation, and the phased introduction of forces and means of various subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction (implementation of interdepartmental programs for the social rehabilitation of minors and families in a socially dangerous situation).
Secondly, these are short-term, single joint actions of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction (for example, a survey of housing and living conditions in which a family lives).
When implementing this form, the body organizing and coordinating interdepartmental interaction (a commission of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a territorial [municipal] commission), in agreement with other subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, can determine the circle of participants in the event who have the professional skills necessary to perform the assigned tasks.
6. Development of a unified strategy for joint interaction (for example, in the field of prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency).
The results of the joint development of a strategy can be implemented in proposals when preparing various organizational and tactical measures, complex operations, joint work plans, departmental acts (orders, resolutions) or local decisions.
7. Working meetings of heads or other representatives of subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, which are organized to increase the efficiency of mutual information, response to a problem that has arisen (for example, the fight against neglect, homelessness and juvenile delinquency).
At such meetings, agreements are reached on the coordination of actions and the exchange of information, and plans for joint events are prepared.
8. Information interdepartmental interaction, which is implemented through information exchange between subjects (participants) of interdepartmental interaction, including using modern technologies (for example, the Internet information and telecommunication network, local interdepartmental networks, databases and others).
This form allows you to conduct network consultations, webinars, conference calls, teleconferences.
When organizing interdepartmental interaction, various forms of interdepartmental interaction can be used simultaneously.
The implementation of all activities of the early intervention system is possible only with the development of mechanisms interdepartmental interaction and social partnership .
Interdepartmental interaction provides the necessary general conditions for the sustainable functioning of the early intervention system as a social system: the complexity, quality, timeliness and variability of services.
The developed model of interdepartmental interaction of organizations providing services in the field of early intervention with healthcare organizations, social protection of the population, education, non-governmental (non-municipal) organizations is part of the basic regional-municipal model of early intervention and is based on the following principles:
- The principle of a state-public approach in the model of interaction and social partnership of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms of early intervention) with various organizations and departments, which implies the cooperation of efforts of all participants in the interaction and partnership process, including parents, specialists of various profiles, state and public organizations based on a combination of both centralized management and support for local creative initiative.
- The principle of self-organization, which determines the non-linear nature of the formation and development of the partnership model and the interaction of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms) with various organizations and departments, the absence of prohibitions on possible ways of its formation and functioning, combined with the model’s own development trends in the region.
- The principle of advanced innovative strategy of model management, built on non-linear interactions.
- The principle of continuity and succession, which ensures the necessary degree of participation of organizations and their specialists at various stages of social support for the family of a young child with disabilities. Allows you to implement successive links between organizations of education, healthcare and social protection of the population both at the stage of identifying and referring needy children and their families to the early intervention system, and at the stage of early intervention and transition to the preschool education system.
- The principle of hierarchy means that the system of partnership and interaction should function at various levels, subordinated, at least in organizational and methodological terms: at the regional, municipal, and at the level of a separate organization. Compliance with this principle ensures effective management of the system.
- The principle of open partnership and interaction of the early intervention service/department (consultation center) with various institutions and departments, which involves the exchange of experience between the subjects of interaction both inside and outside the model.
- The principle of mobility, which makes it possible to organize and provide the necessary resources for social support for families in the shortest possible time and as close as possible to the place of residence of the family.
The regional-municipal system of interaction and partnership of organizations providing services in the field of early intervention with healthcare organizations, social protection of the population, non-governmental and non-governmental organizations is an important part of the model of early intervention in the region and its territories.
Characteristics of the vertical structure of the system of interaction and social partnership of organizations providing services in the field of early intervention with other departments and organizations
The characteristics of the vertical structure of the system are three levels of differentiation of powers (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Vertical structure of the model of interaction and social partnership
The first level - the level of the region - is represented by an interdepartmental coordinating council, including representatives of interested departments, as well as representatives of non-governmental non-governmental organizations. Such a council may operate under the authority of the regional governor or deputy governor. This is a governing and coordinating structure that implements the principle of public administration. The first level includes regional authorities for education, health care, social protection of the population, economic development of the region and other interested departments (ministries of education, health, labor and social protection of the population, economic development of the region and other interested departments).
Resource and methodological support of social partnership activities can be entrusted to one of the regional centers of the leading department (for example, the Ministry of Education and Science of the region) that provides medical, social and psychological and pedagogical support for children with disabilities, which has an early intervention department in its structure. Support for non-state non-municipal services / departments of early intervention (consultation centers, lekothek, play support centers, family support centers and other structures) can be carried out by a regional business incubator (or a public organization working with families of disabled children in the region).
Functions: management and coordination of activities of partnership entities at the regional level; organizational, informational, personnel, program-methodical and other resource support for the functioning of the social partnership system, including legal regulation of the activities of social partnership entities; monitoring the effectiveness of interaction and social partnership.
Personnel support (the level of retraining and/or advanced training of specialists in psychological and pedagogical profile) can be assigned to regional institutions for the development of education and/or other centers of additional professional education in the region.
The second level is the level of the municipality. This level is represented by the municipal education authority, various practical institutions of education, health care, the system of social protection of the population, as well as non-governmental non-governmental organizations located on the territory of this municipality. At this level, a “Council of Partners” can be organized under the municipality, which manages and coordinates the activities of the organizations included in the system.
Functions: implementation and support of partnership and interdepartmental interaction in various areas of cooperation based on the created municipal program or project.
The third level is the level of a specific organization (service/department of early intervention, medicine library, counseling center, etc.) participating in the process of interaction and partnership. All employees of the service / department of early intervention have many other functions related to the performance of their professional duties. However, the choice of developing the early intervention service/department through a partnership and interaction system dictates the need to involve employees in the design, implementation and management of social partnership. To do this, a working group of "social partnership" is created, a group leader and its coordinator are appointed, their functional responsibilities are determined related to studying the needs of social customers, formulating a social order, designing a program or an innovative project of the early intervention service/department, predicting the results of social partnership and interaction , control and monitoring; ensuring the quality of partnership and interaction, providing information and educational support, etc.
Functions: organizing, coordinating and supporting social partnership in various areas on the basis of a project created jointly with partner organizations of the project.
Characteristics of the horizontal structure of the system of interaction and social partnership
The characteristics of the horizontal structure of the social partnership system are focused on identifying important, critical areas and stages of activity, specifying these types or stages of activity and highlighting the parts in the system responsible for their implementation.
In the horizontal structure of the developed social partnership system of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms of early intervention) with healthcare, social protection and education organizations, as well as with non-governmental non-governmental institutions, five subsystems with their connections and functions have been identified.
These are the service/department (consulting center) of early aid, organizations of the regional and municipal education system, healthcare system and social protection of the population, non-governmental non-governmental organizations of the region and the municipality.
The central position in the system is occupied by the early intervention service/department (consultation centre).
The specific task of the early intervention service/department (consultation center) is to initiate interaction, build links of cooperation and coordination with healthcare organizations, social protection, educational institutions and non-governmental non-governmental organizations to ensure timely identification of children in need of psychological, pedagogical and medical and social assistance, to organize an additional medical examination and / or provide qualified specialized medical care, to ensure the timely entry of a family with a child into the early care system; to meet the real needs of a special family raising a child with disabilities in the first three years of life, as well as to determine the best ways to further preschool and school education or receive services in the field of additional education.
The second subsystem is represented by organizations of the education system, a complex of their educational resources and services.
As components of the education system that are important for social partnership, we single out the following organizations: the regional education authority; regional institute for the development of education, psychological-pedagogical and medical-social education centers, resource centers, methodological rooms related to the district (intermunicipal) education system, and educational organizations of municipal affiliation, including psychological-pedagogical and medical-social centers and preschool educational organizations, which include lecotheques, early intervention services/departments, counseling centres, counseling rooms, etc., as well as leisure education centres.
The overall goal of the education system in relation to children with disabilities is to create adequate conditions for the realization of the rights of a child with disabilities in the field of education. The main resources of the system are a set of educational resources and services.
The specific goal of specialists and educational institutions that make up the subsystem of social partnership is cooperation between the activities of educational organizations and the early intervention service/department (consultation center) to ensure timely entry of the family of a child with disabilities into the early intervention system; to ensure the processes implemented in the early intervention service / department (consultation center) - diagnostic, preventive, corrective, general education, etc.; to organize the exit of the family of a child with disabilities from the early intervention service and the transition to the system of preschool education.
The third subsystem is the organizations of the healthcare system.
The healthcare system is represented by the regional health authority, regional medical organizations and medical organizations of municipal subordination, including maternity hospitals, perinatal centers, children's hospitals, specialized medical centers, medical genetic consultations, deaf and speech therapy centers and / or offices, polyclinics, paramedical stations, dairy kitchens and etc., as well as organizations MSEC (medical and social expertise).
The main resources of the system are a complex of treatment-and-prophylactic, rehabilitation resources and medical services.
The main functions and tasks of the district health system, important for the system of social partnership with the service/department of early intervention:
- medical genetic counseling;
- early detection of various disorders in the development of newborns, infants, children of early, preschool and school age;
- mass screening examinations of children to identify risk factors and diseases that can cause various deviations in the development of children;
- dynamic medical monitoring of children's health;
- in-depth comprehensive diagnostics of the development and health of children using clinical and paraclinical methods;
- carrying out preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures;
- conducting medical and social expertise;
- explanatory and sanitary-educational work with parents, etc.
A specific (innovative) goal of healthcare organizations that are part of the social partnership system is to cooperate with the early intervention service / department to ensure timely entry of families with children with disabilities into the early intervention system of the region, municipality through early identification of those in need; accessibility of the early intervention system for parents and professionals through information and creation of conditions in health care facilities; implementation of all actions within a limited period of time to ensure quick access for families with children with disabilities to available resources in the early intervention system; consumer awareness - increasing the ability of the family to navigate the system of services and access the resources and services of the region and the municipality at the level of health facilities. Another specific goal is the cooperation between the activities of health organizations and the early intervention service/department to ensure the diagnostic process implemented by the service/department.
The fourth subsystem is the organization of the system of social protection of the population.
The system of social protection of the population is represented by the regional governing body, social organizations of inter-municipal and / or municipal subordination, including social centers and employment centers.
The main resources of the system are a set of social resources and services.
The main functions and tasks of the system of social protection of the population, important for the system of social partnership with the early intervention service:
- providing, in accordance with the procedure established by law, social assistance to children with disabilities and children with disabilities;
- providing advice to families of children with disabilities and children with disabilities;
- provision of advisory assistance to organizations providing special medical, educational and social services.
The specific goal of specialists and organizations of social protection of the population, which make up the subsystem of social partnership, is to cooperate with the early intervention service/department to ensure timely entry of the family of a child with disabilities into the early intervention system; to ensure the processes implemented by the early intervention service / department - preventive, corrective, general education, etc.; implementation of the transition of children receiving services in the field of early assistance in the organization of education, to receive preschool and school education.
The fifth subsystem is the system of non-governmental non-governmental organizations.
The system of non-governmental non-governmental organizations can be represented by various organizations of the disabled, parent associations, foundations to support families with a special child, socially oriented NGOs, individual entrepreneurs, etc. At the regional and / or city level, their interests can be represented by regional and / or territorial business incubators ; parent non-governmental organizations, public organizations, etc. The main resources are a complex of social, legal, material, financial and other resources.
The specific goal of specialists and non-governmental organizations that make up the social partnership subsystem is to provide variable and / or additional services in the field of early assistance to the family of a child with disabilities; ensuring the transition of the family of a child with disabilities and / or disabilities to the system of preschool and general education.
Content characteristics of the system of interaction and social partnership
- Creation, provision and development of a set of conditions for the interaction of the early intervention service / department (consultation center) with various organizations and departments:
- legal validity of partnership, rules of interaction and mutual control; separation of functions, roles, activities and operations with partner organizations;
- creation, support of functioning and further development of a single information field covering the process of interaction and social partnership;
- socio-psychological conditions that contribute to the transformation of individuals or groups of individuals into a successful subject (interaction and partner) of joint activities;
- the presence of a joint project or a common plan as a way of organizing joint activities;
- activities to support and develop social partnership.
Figure 2. Internal processes in the system of interaction and social partnership
The main "core" of the system of interaction and social partnership
The main “core” of the system of interaction and social partnership is formed at the level of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms of early intervention).
Figure 3. The core of the model of interaction and social partnership
The main, key point around which interaction and social partnership is formed is the social problem itself: accompanying the family of a child with disabilities in the system of early assistance. The social problem sets the basic values, meanings and goals of interaction and social partnership for all its subjects. However, the identification, comprehension and awareness of a social problem is not enough for the emergence of a jointly distributed activity, it is necessary to intersect the interests of the subjects of the intended interaction and social partnership, namely:
- the importance of accompanying the family of a child with disabilities in the early intervention system for each of the potential partners;
- establishing the interests of each of the potential partners;
- joint formulation of goals and objectives of jointly distributed activities;
- awareness of their role, opportunities and resources for solving a social problem;
- awareness by potential partners that the unification of their forces and means has a significant effect in solving a social problem;
- awareness of the need to develop rules for interaction and mutual control.
Awareness of the importance of the social problem, as well as the actualization of the need for interaction and social partnership, combined with the obvious intersection of the interests of potential partners, can lead to the formulation of a strategy for the development of interaction and partnership at the level of the early intervention service/department (advisory center), the creation of a plan or project for its development.
Thus, awareness of the importance of the social problem dictates the need to involve employees in the design, implementation and management of the process of interaction and partnership. To do this, a “social partnership” group is created, a group leader and its coordinator are appointed, their functional responsibilities are determined related to studying the needs of social customers, formulating a social order, designing a program or an innovative project of an early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms), forecasting the results of interaction and partnership, control and monitoring; ensuring the quality of interaction and partnership, providing information and educational support, etc.
As part of the implementation of the project on interaction and partnership at the level of the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms), specialists are formed to be ready to demonstrate competence in this area; they acquire knowledge of the content of competence; they gain experience in the manifestation of competence in various situations, which forms the attitude to its content and the object of application, the emotional-volitional regulation of the process and the result of the manifestation of competence.
Joint activities in the course of implementing the project objectives develop a community of specialists of different profiles within the early intervention service / department (consultation center and other forms) and contribute to the development of a collective subject of interaction and partnership “families of a young child with disabilities and specialists of various professional groups”.
Thus, the “core” of the social partnership system is formed at the level of the early intervention service/department (consulting center of other forms).
Minimal in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics, but at the same time a full-fledged structure, called the initial basic structure of the system of interaction and partnership, is formed in the course of building relationships between the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms) and its specialists with other organizations and other professionals. Partner organizations participating in joint activities may be represented by individual organizations of the education, healthcare, social protection systems and non-governmental non-governmental organizations. For example, the minimum structure in terms of characteristics can be represented by the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms), its interaction with the children's polyclinic located in the given municipality; interaction with a preschool educational organization; municipal social center, as well as the management process of this minimal structure.
The role of an intermediary between the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms) and any other organization and groups of their specialists is a community of professionals from the early intervention service/department (other forms of consultation center), which performs two functions: initiation and involvement of specialists from other organizations into jointly distributed activities for interaction and partnership, as well as the transfer of funds, technologies, methods necessary for the implementation of this activity. In such mediation activities, the established community of professionals from the early intervention service/department (consultation center and other forms) takes on the task of revealing the significance of a social problem for a group of potential partners from other organizations; stimulates and maintains their attention to the problem; clarifies the mutual interests of partners; participates in the joint formulation of goals and objectives of the activity; helps to realize their roles, opportunities and resources; helps to comprehend the experience of the formation of the first interdisciplinary professional competencies, etc. Thus, the emerging minimal initial system of interaction and partnership, as well as the developed system, has a set of philosophical characteristics - the values and meanings of social partnership; goals; tasks; principles; development strategy and models; structural characteristics and their relationships; content and dynamic characteristics; it also presents the result of the life of the system.
The expected results of the functioning of the partnership model and interdepartmental interaction are:
- creation and provision of a set of conditions important for the implementation of interaction between the early intervention service/department and other institutions;
- improving the quality of interaction between the service / department of early intervention and other institutions - partners in creating the necessary social resources to support the family of a problem child;
- ensuring the availability of social resources of the region, municipality and organization to support the family of a disabled child and a child with disabilities;
- introduction of the information support system of the social partnership system;
- increasing the ability of executive authorities, local self-government, the public, the family of a child with disabilities and professionals to achieve socially significant results.
The article presents a description of the existing system of interdepartmental interaction in the social support of families at risk and the results of the implementation of a project in an educational organization based on a preventive approach in interdepartmental interaction when working with families at risk. The concept of "family at risk" and the system of interdepartmental interaction when working with problem families are considered. The main attention is paid to the study of the existing system of interdepartmental interaction and the study of its effectiveness. A model of organizing social support for families with children and the results of a survey of specialists working in the prevention system are presented, which made it possible to identify the specifics of interdepartmental interaction. The article substantiates the need to organize and coordinate work on the basis of an educational institution. A passport of the "Friendly Family" project is presented, aimed at working with families at risk on the basis of an educational institution. The results of the survey of project participants are described. The events most demanded by the participants of the project are called. Provides information about the dynamics of registered families.
family at risk
family at risk (sop)
interdepartmental interaction
preventive approach
educational organization
1. Alekseeva L.S. Russian family in conditions of social risks // Domestic journal of social work. - 2011. - No. 1. - P. 42-51.
2. Butaeva M.A. Causes and Threats of the Family Crisis in Modern Russia (Philosophical Aspects) // Social Policy and Sociology. - 2010. - No. 2. - S. 63-67.
3. Belicheva S.A. Socio-pedagogical support for children and families at risk: an interdepartmental approach (a manual for social workers and teachers): monograph. - M .: Publishing house Red.-ed. Center of the Consortium "Social Health of Russia", 2009. - 111 p.
4. Shirokalova G.S. Family at risk in everyday life // Family: phenomenology of everyday life: a collective monograph. - N. Novgorod, 2016. - S. 61-77.
5. Mamet'eva O.S., Kuzmenko N.I. The family of the "risk group" as an object of social work // Science today: a collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the international. scientific-practical. conf.: in 4 parts. - Scientific Center "Dispute", 2015. - S. 106-108.
6. Barsukova T.M. Prevention of family distress at the new frontier of social work // Social service. - 2011. - No. 9. - P. 37-39.
7. Mustaeva F.A. Social problems of the modern family // Sotsis. - 2009. - No. 7. - S. 109-113.
8. Akhlyustina E.V., Petushkova O.G. Algorithm for the implementation of case management in the activities of specialists in supporting families of the “risk group” // Scientific community of students. Interdisciplinary research: an electronic collection of articles based on the materials of the XIX student international. scientific-practical. conf. - 2017. - S. 216-224.
The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that Russia is currently undergoing serious socio-economic changes that affect the formation of a family. According to the studies of Russian sociologists (L. S. Alekseeva, L. V. Kartseva, etc.), for the beginning of the 21st century, a characteristic trend in social development is a significant increase in family distress. The moral problems of society complicate the system of value relations in the family, and the pedagogical failure of parents reduces the educational potential of the family. Experts are increasingly talking about families at risk. Domestic scientists were engaged in the study of this problem: Belicheva S.A. , Shirokalova G.S. , Mametyeva O.S. and Kuzmenko N.I. and etc.
A “risk group” is a category of families that, due to certain conditions of their lives, is more susceptible to negative influences from society than others. The main reason for classifying families as a “risk group” is difficult life circumstances and family problems. Scientists (Barsukova T.M., Belicheva S.A., Mustaeva F.A. and others) consider the situation of family trouble as a situation of difficulty or impossibility for the family to fully fulfill its main functions and meet the necessary needs of family members. Depending on the depth of violations in the performance of intra-family functions, we can talk about the risk of the family moving into a socially dangerous situation (SOP). A feature of such families is a negative, destructive influence on the formation of the child's personality.
Research methods. The article presents an analysis of pedagogical and specialized literature, the results of a survey (specialists in the field of social support for families) and project participants.
The purpose of the article is to describe the existing system of work of interdepartmental interaction in the social support of families at risk and the results of the implementation of a project in an educational organization based on a preventive approach in interdepartmental interaction when working with families at risk.
With all the efforts of the state and various departments aimed at preserving family well-being, the number of families that are not well-being is growing from year to year. The table shows the statistics of family distress and its dynamics in Magnitogorsk from 2013 to 2016, confirming the theoretical conclusions of scientists (Table 1).
Table 1
Statistical data on families registered in Magnitogorsk
|
Total registered |
Family at risk |
A family in a socially dangerous position |
||||||
According to statistics, in 2013-2015 there was an increase in families in a socially dangerous situation, but there is a trend of a significant decrease in families and children of the "risk group" category in the period 2014-2016. In 2016, on the contrary, for the first time there was a significant decrease in SOS, but there is an increase in the number of children living in them. These statistics show that families with many children are more often included in the category of families in a socially dangerous situation, since the number of families has decreased, and the number of children has increased.
Researchers are unanimous in their opinion that early prevention measures are effective measures in the activities of subjects when working with families of the “risk group”. The sooner family trouble is identified, the more successfully social support will be organized for families at risk and the risk of transition to the family group of SOPs will be minimized. If the causes of family troubles are identified, the solution to the problem is possible in the close cooperation of all specialists, including specialists from the bodies and institutions of the system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency. In this case, the primary task is to organize effective interdepartmental interaction.
Focusing on the task of increasing the effectiveness of social support for families at risk, a model program for the introduction of social support for families was developed in accordance with Federal Law No. with kids. On its basis, a model for organizing social support for families was developed (figure).
Model of organization of social support for families with children
It follows from the model that the work carried out with families is multifaceted. Its basis is the compilation of an individual program of social support for the family (IP SSS). At the same time, the model of work is focused on formal indicators, and a minor “drops out” of it, often suffering from unfavorable intra-family relationships. To study the opinions of specialists from bodies and institutions of the system of prevention and neglect of offenses working with minors and their families, a questionnaire was developed. In this questionnaire, attention was paid to questions on the problem of social disadvantage of children living in a family; the essence and specifics of interdepartmental interaction in the social support of families of the “risk group”, the legal framework used by specialists, as well as issues affecting state family policy.
The survey was conducted among specialists from the organs and institutions of the prevention system in the city of Magnitogorsk. 100 people took part in the survey: 46% of them were social teachers working in secondary schools, 30% were specialists in social protection of the population, 14% were specialists from the juvenile department of the internal affairs bodies of the Leninsky and Pravoberezhny districts, 6% were specialists from district commissions for minors and the protection of their rights in the Leninsky and Pravoberezhny districts, 4% are specialists from a healthcare institution.
The results of the study showed that the main problems of modern families with children are financial difficulties, the lack of separate housing, the problem of raising children, the deterioration of parent-child relations, unemployment and others.
The main factors that form family troubles are: lack of parental control over their alcoholism, destruction of family values, child abuse, infringement of children's rights, legal incompetence of families and insufficient psychological and pedagogical literacy of parents, low efficiency of the legal framework. As the results of the study showed, interdepartmental interaction in the social support of families of the "risk group" is not effective enough and needs to be improved. The center of such work, according to our plan, is an educational institution, and the key figure is a social teacher.
Based on this, the “Friendly Family” project was developed and implemented in 2016-2017, aimed at improving the social support of families at risk (Table 2). The aim of the project was to reduce the number of "risk" families, their transition to the category of conditionally adapted and, possibly, prosperous families. The main idea of the project was to organize work with the family on the basis of an educational institution and involve specialists from different departments in accordance with the individual request of the families participating in the project based on case management technology.
table 2
Passport of the project "Friendly family"
|
Name |
School for Harmonization of Parent-Child Relationships "Friendly family" |
|
Basis for project development |
Reducing the number of families of the "risk group" registered in the MOU "Secondary School No. 34". Timely provided socio-pedagogical and psychological assistance to the family will allow it to move into the status of conditionally adapted and possibly prosperous. |
|
Objective of the project |
Facilitate interdepartmental interaction in the provision of psychological and pedagogical support for families at risk |
|
Main Events |
Operational meeting with the director of the school. Meetings with Deputy educational director. Activities for parents. Activities for children |
|
project implementation |
Short term - 8 months. From 09/30/2016 to 05/31/2017 (then children of GR families during the summer period will be from 5 to 22 June 2017 at the school summer camp) |
|
Performers |
Administration and teaching staff of the Municipal Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 34", subjects of the prevention system of the Leninsky district |
|
Expected results |
Increasing the educational potential of the family. Harmonization of child-parent relationships. Involvement of parents and children in joint leisure activities (joint pastime). Awareness of the importance of preserving family values and traditions. Increasing the psychological and pedagogical literacy of parents, legal knowledge, responsibility for raising children. Improving the psycho-emotional state of children and parents |
|
Project execution control system |
The current and final control over the implementation of the project is carried out by the deputy. Director for VR MOU "Secondary School No. 34" |
The project involved families of the "risk group", registered in the MU "TsSPSD" of Magnitogorsk, studying in the MOU "Secondary School No. 34", as well as complete and incomplete families, large families, families with non-native parents, with foster children in a difficult life situation.
During the implementation of the project, the expected result is to increase the responsibility of parents for the upbringing of children, parents' awareness of the importance of preserving family values and traditions; involvement of parents to spend joint leisure time with children, improvement of housing and living conditions for children in the family; normalization of the psychological climate in the family, harmonization of parent-child relations, etc.
Interdepartmental interaction in the social support of families with children during the implementation of the project was aimed at early identification and solution of family problems, prevention of family problems, assistance in overcoming difficult life situations. The subjects of the prevention system of the Leninsky district of Magnitogorsk took part in the project: PDN OP "Leninsky", MU "Center for Social Assistance to Families and Children" in Magnitogorsk, MU "Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population", Commission on Juvenile Affairs and Protection of Their Rights Leninsky district, department of guardianship and guardianship. These institutions provided social support to families of the "risk group" in the form of social, psychological, pedagogical, legal types of assistance, assistance in finding employment for adolescents and parents, as well as the provision of urgent social services.
After the implementation of the project on social support for families at risk in the MOU "Secondary School No. 34" in Magnitogorsk, a survey was conducted of parents who took part in the project. The survey was conducted among the parents of families of the “risk group” who are registered with the MU “CSPSD” and who are registered with the school in the MOU “Secondary School No. 34” in Magnitogorsk. 30 people took part in the survey, of which: 80% were women and 20% were men. The age structure of the respondents is as follows: 27-30 years old - 20%; 31-40 years old - 50%; 41 and older - 30%.
The vast majority (50%) of the surveyed families belong to single-parent families. By type of family, they were distributed as follows: 20% - complete families and families with a non-native parent; 10% - guardianship. Large and low-income families also took part in the project, who received preventive assistance during the project implementation.
The answer to the question “Which activities implemented during the project did you like the most?” revealed that 40% of respondents liked psychological and pedagogical workshops, namely trainings for parents and relaxation techniques; joint activities of parents and children, especially the New Year tree and a trip to the pre-school educational institution "Uralskie Zori" - 25%; psychological and pedagogical consultations - 20%; pedagogical assignments - 10%. This suggests that parents are interested in activities that increase their psychological and pedagogical literacy, aimed at harmonizing parent-child relationships.
When answering the question “In your opinion, were all the activities of the project useful, interesting and meaningful for you?” 80% of parents answered positively; 15% found it difficult to answer, and only 5% answered in the negative. This shows that a larger number of project participants positively assess their participation in it and their readiness to solve the accumulated problems.
To the question “Do you intend to contact the social and pedagogical service of the school in the future to solve family problems?” 100% of parents answered positively.
As a result of the implementation of the project on social support, the number of families at risk who took part in the project and are registered with the MOU "Secondary School No. 34" decreased from 21 to 5. , also decreased from 10 to 6.
Based on the studied domestic experience of interdepartmental interaction and on the basis of the results of the study, we developed an improved “Regulations for interdepartmental interaction in the social support of families at risk”, aimed at improving the work on identifying the need for families with children to provide them with assistance through social support. This provision has been approved by the State Committee for Health and Safety of the Administration of Magnitogorsk (an act of implementation has been signed).
1. The study made it possible to establish that quite a lot of attention is paid to interdepartmental interaction when accompanying families at risk, both on the part of theoretical scientists and on the part of the state, which is manifested in many scientific articles and special publications on the topic, on the one hand, and in improvement of the regulatory framework, on the other. However, at the same time, the number of families of the "risk group" does not decrease, and there is a danger of their transition to the category of families of a socially dangerous position.
2. The article presents a model that reflects the specifics of interdepartmental interaction in the complex solution of family problems. At the same time, the “educational institution” link was excluded from the overall coherent system of interdepartmental interaction. This fact affects the effectiveness of work with families at risk, which confirms the opinion of specialists working in the prevention system.
3. To improve the system of interdepartmental interaction in the case of social support for families of the "risk group", it is necessary to organize work in educational institutions, which makes it possible to implement the main ideas of the preventive approach.
4. The article shows that the creation of targeted projects implemented on the basis of an educational institution, integrating the efforts of various departments, is an effective means of improving interdepartmental interaction when working with families at risk in an educational institution.
Bibliographic link
Petushkova O.G., Akhlyustina E.V. IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION WITH SOCIAL SUPPORT OF RISK GROUP FAMILIES // Modern problems of science and education. - 2017. - No. 6.;URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=27232 (date of access: 02/19/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"