It is no secret that the rapid development of computer technology and the availability of the Internet allow young people to get the necessary information there, and not within the walls of the library. The focus on quickly obtaining specific information, a decrease in interest in reading, causes a crisis in the reading culture, which does not contribute to the formation of active civic behavior of young people, harmonious adaptation to adult life. However, the library is an important tool socialization of the individual, assisting in the formation of attitudes and beliefs. The young reader of the 21st century is significantly different from the readers of the 90s of the 20th century - not only in a more modern worldview, but also in the possibilities of choosing to receive the necessary information, ways to spend their leisure time. In order not to lose the youth audience, the modern library must also change. Work with this category of readers should be aimed at finding new forms and methods of library services for young people.

In order to improve the level of library services, exchange experience among the libraries of the Novgorod region, introduce innovative interactive forms of youth service, increase the creative level in the work of libraries, on the basis of the central district library of the Municipal budget institution culture "Inter-settlement library system of the Malovishersky district" On October 31, a joint seminar was held for employees of the library systems of the Malovishersky and Krestetsky districts, dedicated to the topic "New forms of work with youth."

The seminar began with a welcoming speech by the Chairman of the Committee of Culture of the Administration of Malovishersky municipal district Efimova Natalya Vasilievna. In her speech, she introduced us to the structure of the cultural institutions of the region, their work, the economic condition of the region, and the employment of the population.

Tatyana Nikolaevna Yakovleva, director of the MBUK “Malovisherskaya inter-settlement library system”, spoke about the current state and topical issues of the development of her institution, about the distribution of responsibilities among employees in their creative work. Svetlana Borisovna Andreeva, director of the MBUK "Krestets inter-settlement library" acquainted the participants of the seminar with the activities and further prospects for the development of the activities of the libraries of the Krestetsky district.

The chief librarian for marketing and mass work of the Central Library named after A.S. Pushkin, MBUK "Malovisherskaya MCLS" Elena Valerievna Kondratieva spoke about social network sites and other media that are library assistants in working with youth, introduced the website of Malovisherskaya MCLS, spoke about creative workshops held by the central library. The head of the department of innovation activity of the central district library of the Malovisherskaya MCBS spoke about the development of libraries through project activities. She shared her experience in implementing projects within the framework of the regional competition "Novgorodika" and within the framework of the "Active Generation" charity program, about her best projects that received support in their implementation, about her publishing materials.

Alevtina Vasilievna Izosova, the leading librarian of the reading room of the central district library of the MBUK “Krestets inter-settlement library”, shared her experience of working with young people in a video presentation. The topic of her speech was: “Library and youth. Search for the ideal model. She spoke about working with the youth club "Molodezh.RU" at the branch of the state educational institution Novgorod Trade and Technology College for patriotic education and about various forms of work of the library with young people in the ecological, local history direction, to promote reading, a healthy lifestyle. Olga Vladimirovna, the leading bibliographer of the central district library of the MBUK “Krestets inter-settlement library”, showed a video presentation and spoke about working with young people at the Center for Legal Information on career guidance, on events within the framework of election campaigns, and on pension literacy of the younger generation.

The presentations at the seminar were very interesting and informative, and ended with a tour of the central and children's libraries of the MBUK "Inter-settlement library system of the Malovishersky district."

All participants left with new ideas and good impressions about the well-coordinated and fruitful work of the library system of the Malovishersky district. We received good lessons in publishing and project activities, in organizing master classes and much more.

V.V.Sudnik

Introduction

culture leisure youth society

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the formation of a culture of youth leisure is one of the urgent problems of modern society, since the use of free time by young people is a kind of indicator of their culture, the range of spiritual needs and interests of a particular personality of a young person or social group. Leisure centers play an important role in organizing youth leisure. The main task of the centers, as social institutions, is to develop social activity and creative potential of the individual. Organizations various forms leisure and recreation, creating conditions for full self-realization in the field of leisure.

The greatest value is the acquisition by a person of space for self-realization, the social field of which is free time, leisure time. However, in itself, free time is only a condition for the development of personality. In order for it to become an effective accelerator of social progress, it is necessary to form in all members of society an appropriate level of culture for its use, which meets the tasks of both modern and future civilization.

It must be stated that the transition to the market has further complicated the social tension in society, especially among the youth. On the one hand, there is a rapid process of social and material differentiation of young people, which is accompanied by the appearance more young millionaires from among entrepreneurs, brokers and an increase in the number of poor and unemployed young people. On the other hand, there is a process of formation of more and more new youth subcultures, reflecting the social status of various social groups of young people, which is accompanied by a complication of their leisure interests and needs.

At present, the orientation of young people to passive activities, the acquisition of a pronounced form of consumerism by leisure, which is adjacent to manifestations of deviation, and sometimes delinquency, are alarming. Many do not know how to keep themselves busy: old traditions have disappeared, new ones have not appeared, a dangerous “leisure vacuum” has formed, which, according to world experience, can only be filled by slot machines and other attractions (preferably in the “amusement parks” complex) plus interest clubs.

Today, in the view of most young people, culture is a way of spending leisure time. Namely: discos, concerts of "stars" who do not differ in high professional level, etc. Consumption of a surrogate instead of a real cultural "product" leads to the rejection of genuine art. Moreover, familiarization with the best examples of domestic and world culture is a mental work, self-improvement. It is necessary to accustom to it from childhood, and the role of clubs in this direction can hardly be overestimated. Therefore, the problem of preserving and developing leisure institutions - state, departmental, others, and attracting young people to engage in them is more relevant today than ever.

Conducting a survey on youth preferences n. Zarechensk, regarding the organization of their leisure time, is caused by a decrease in the attendance of this category of citizens of the rural house of culture "Cosmos". The reason for this is that at present, a large share in the leisure of modern youth of the settlement is watching TV shows, videos, as well as computer games.

Thus, the main task of the house of culture should be the maximum implementation of leisure programs for young people. The activity should be based on the structure and nature of the needs of young people, trying to include in practice new, non-traditional forms of entertainment, education, communication and creativity of young people.

The research problem stems from the contradiction between the needs of young people regarding the forms of leisure activities and the opportunities provided by rural clubs.

The purpose of the study: to study the culture of youth leisure and propose a project for the activities of a youth club based on materials club institution SDK "Cosmos" of the settlement Zarechensk.

Research objectives:

1.Consider youth culture as a phenomenon of subculture.

2.To reveal the features of youth culture.

.To study the culture of youth leisure.

.Consider the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos".

.To study the preferences of the cultural leisure of the population of N. the village of Zarechensk.

.Develop a project for the activities of the youth club "Next".

The object of the research is the formation of a culture of youth leisure.

The subject is the project of the youth club.

The degree of scientific development of the problem

Theoretical basis steel research scientific works well-known scientists in the field of leisure culture as: L.I. Mikhailova, Zh.T. Toshchenko, L. A. Akimova, S. N. Ikonnikova and others, as well as scientific articles and developments published in periodicals, including: "Pedagogy", "Education and Society", "Humanities", etc. Research in the field of youth leisure culture are considered in the works of L. I. Mikhailova, Z. V. Sikevich, S. I. Levikova, V. N. Kuznetsova, V. Ya. Surtaev and others.

The studies of these authors are of great importance for improving the theory and methods of cultural and leisure activities of young people. Thus, the literature concerning the problem of studying youth leisure has been studied and worked out. However, with all the wealth of theoretical materials containing an analysis of the culture of youth leisure, the specifics of the work of village clubs with young people has not been studied enough.

Hypothesis of the study: formation of a culture of youth leisure n. The village of Zarechensk can be effective if a youth club project is developed, which involves the implementation of programs of civil-patriotic, environmental and local history orientation.

Research methods:

Method of socio-cultural design.

Method of analysis and synthesis.

Questionnaire method to identify the main preferences of leisure.

Practical significance research:

The study of youth preferences in the field of cultural and leisure activities will allow the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" to properly prioritize the demand for cultural services.

The results of the research can become the basis for the development of new cultural services and the activation of cultural leisure, in addition, the data obtained on consumer preferences can help attract an additional segment of consumers, namely young people.

Research base: club institution KFOR "Cosmos".

The structure of the work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

1. Theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the culture of youth leisure

.1 Youth culture as a phenomenon of subculture

Culture is a space of upbringing, which, by its inherent methods, contributes to the formation of not only an aesthetic, but also a political, legal ideal. Through a screen, a book, a stage, a platform, halls of museums, a person realizes the creative activity of the people, their culture, their future. However, violation of the measure in the presentation of this material seriously distorts the work of cultural institutions, undermines faith and devalues ​​the values ​​of the humanistic way of life.

A subculture is a part of the general culture of a nation, which in some aspects is celebrated or opposed to the whole, but in general terms is consistent with and continues the culture of the nation, which is called the dominant culture. The subculture differs from the dominant culture in language, outlook on life, behavior, hairstyle, clothing, and customs. The differences can be very strong, but the subculture does not oppose the dominant culture. It includes a number of values ​​of the dominant culture and adds to them new values ​​that are unique to it.

If we specifically touch on the culture of youth, then it is customary to talk more about the youth subculture, thereby emphasizing in youth a certain stage in the development of a person who has not yet reached the highest examples of world culture, but is trying where openly, and where implicitly to introduce something into his habitat. its own, not always culturally appropriate. Over time, this passes, like youth itself, but every generation must go through this stage of subculture. This does not mean that young people do not have high cultural standards of the classical type. As a rule, in adolescence there is a reassessment of values. And behind this phrase is precisely the circumstance that the young man begins to measure the patterns of behavior, activity, thinking, feeling, etc. that he has. with "adults", or accepted in world culture.

The concept of "youth culture" in a broad sense is used as a collective term for the phenomena of "youth subculture", "youth counterculture". In the narrow sense, a partial, relatively coherent cultural subsystem within the basic culture of society, cultivating the actual youth system of values, norms and behaviors, attitudes towards fashion, etc.

On the one hand, youth culture is a mirror of the culture of society with its inherent values, worldview, sociocultural attitudes, on the other hand, it is always a greater or lesser denial of generally accepted positions, at least due to generational characteristics, and in this sense, elements of counterculture are naturally present in the content. the culture of the generation as a whole.

Sociologists usually emphasize that the position of young people and their role in society, functions and activities, as well as needs, value orientations, worldview, interests are largely determined by the nature of the socio-political system, social relations, and traditions. At the same time, young people are a significant part of the population that is in the process of socialization, that is, it is included in the process of assimilating a certain system of knowledge, skills and abilities that allow young people to function as full members of a particular society. The complexity of her intermediate position is known: “no longer children, but not yet adults”, a peculiar and contradictory combination of material and psychological dependence on the world of adults and, along with it, liberation from many life burdens and responsibilities. Life puts a young person in front of the need to make a number of important decisions in the face of a lack of personal experience. The choice of a profession, a life partner, friends is far from a complete list of problems, one solution or another of which largely forms the way of later life.

All this imposes certain difficulties in the study of youth as an object of leisure space. S.N. Ikonnikova notes that “despite the fact that the social category of youth includes young people from 16 to 30 years old, it is important to single out separate stages within this period corresponding to early, middle, and late youth. It is clear that the age of 16-19 is different from the age of 25-29 in physical, mental and social terms. Different interests and needs, the level of education and achievements makes them different and even hardly comparable.”

The youth age accounts for the main socio-demographic events in a person's life cycle: the completion of general education, the choice of a profession and the acquisition of vocational education, the start of employment, marriage, and the birth of children. In a relatively short period of life, representatives of this age group experience a change in their socio-demographic status several times. Boys and girls under the age of 18 are mainly students of secondary general education and vocational schools. They, as a rule, are dependent on their parents, continue or complete their general or special education, and do not have full civil rights (voting, marriage).

Youth aged 18-24 brings together young workers, students and young people, mostly completing or completing vocational training. Some of them have already separated from their parents and live on their own income. This age is the age of active marriage, the formation of young families, the birth of children.

Young people aged 25-29 are people who, as a rule, have already made their professional choice, have certain qualifications, some life and professional experience.

AT modern conditions extreme mobility of all social processes in Russian society youth culture should be considered in several planes, equally determining the level and direction of cultural self-realization, which we understand as a content side cultural activities young man, the embodiment of motives, needs, skills of a cultural nature in objective actions. Among the main factors that determine the state of youth culture are the following.

Society. The systemic crisis, which affected the social structure of society with the beginning of perestroika and aggravated in connection with the collapse of the USSR and the transition to a market economy, naturally led to a change in social guidelines, a reassessment of traditional values. Competition at the level of mass consciousness of Soviet, national and so-called "Western" values ​​could not but lead to a state of social anomie and frustration of the population, which directly affected the value world of young people, extremely contradictory and chaotic. The search for one's own path in the new socio-economic conditions, the orientation towards accelerated status advancement and, at the same time, progressive social non-adaptation - all this determined the specific nature of the cultural self-realization of a young person.

Modern Russian culture, both at the institutional and subject-activity levels, is in a crisis state today, just like society itself. On the one hand, the importance of the cultural development of the population for the successful implementation of social projects and overcoming the crisis is not fully recognized by the authorities, on the other hand, commercialization cultural process, an increasingly noticeable departure from the norms and values ​​​​of "high" culture to the average examples of aggressive mass culture, which is most clearly manifested in the electronic media, also cannot but affect the system of attitudes, orientations and cultural ideals of a young person.

Levels of humanitarian socialization. Attempts to implement a comprehensive program of humanitarian socialization on a national scale were unsuccessful. Today, there is practically no unified system of humanitarian education, and private initiatives in this area, carried out in experimental or non-state educational institutions, cover only a few groups of young people in large Russian cities. In most schools, humanitarian socialization is limited to a standard set of humanitarian disciplines and the so-called "extracurricular work", which not only introduces young people to cultural values, but turns them away in favor of recreational and entertaining self-realization. Often, humanitarian socialization is commercial in nature (the so-called "elite education"), and the nature of humanitarian socialization is increasingly determined by the level of income of the parents of the student or the youngest person.

Age features of youth. Adolescence (15-18 years), and to some extent the entire period of growing up, is distinguished by the features of impulsiveness, instability of desires, intolerance, insolence, aggravated by experiences of the ambivalence of social status (no longer a child, not yet an adult). It is this specificity that brings young men into peer groups that are homogeneous in age and social class, which satisfy typical youthful needs in behavioral style, fashion, leisure, and interpersonal communication. 4Peer groups perform a socio-psychological therapeutic function - overcoming social exclusion. Naturally, in such groups their own cultural norms and attitudes are formed, primarily due to emotional and sensory perception of reality and youthful nonconformity.

Generation features. It is in this plane that we are talking about a youth subculture that has not so much age as generation characteristics. In this phenomenon, youthful forms of consciousness and behavior are most clearly manifested.5

Speaking about the youth subculture in Russia, it is necessary to take into account the presence of significant regional and national differences. In addition, since the 90s, the value and property stratification of young people has been aggravated. So, in particular, it is hardly correct to speak in the socio-psychological sense, for example, about the "Petersburg youth" as a single group of the population. Of course, both the behavior and values ​​of, for example, a young businessman, on the one hand, and a young unemployed person, on the other, cannot but differ from each other. Nevertheless, there is a certain subcultural “core” that is inherent in one way or another to the entire young generation of Russia.

1.2 Features of youth culture

Youth culture differs from official culture and many other subcultures in knowledge, goals and values, judgments and evaluations, mores and tastes, jargon and demeanor. Young people as a social community are quite homogeneous, have similar positions and moods, common symbols, tastes, values, which, as a rule, manifest themselves in the sphere of leisure and do not affect labor and family relations. This is a kind of cultural autonomy that forms the inner world of the individual.

What features characterize the youth subculture as a whole? Scientists characterize one of these features as alienation from the older generation, its cultural values, ideals, and samples. It did not arise today and looks like a lack of meaning in life. Against this background, the youth subculture is increasingly becoming a counterculture with its own ideals, fashion, language and art. In the mass consciousness, the perception of youth subculture often has a negative character, although the majority of young people are not metalheads, extremists, racketeers, etc.

Features of youth culture can be seen from the materials and various studies of leisure. Leisure is increasingly becoming the main sphere of life of young people. real life for her, it begins beyond the threshold of a school, a technical school, a university. Young people go into leisure as into a protective shell, where they are truly free. The main elements of leisure are: rest, active physical activity, entertainment, self-education, creativity, contemplation, reflection, holiday. For youth, the leading ones were communication, entertainment and self-education. The communicative, aesthetic, emotional, cognitive, entertaining functions of culture and leisure are most fully realized.

An important feature of youth culture is the predominance of consumption over creativity. The role of consumption in the development of a person's culture is significant, but truly familiarization with cultural values ​​occurs only in active, independent activity. The results of the study show that the consumption of cultural values ​​by young people is in second place among leisure activities, and creative activity is only in tenth place even for students.

One of the characteristic distinguishing features of youth culture at the present stage is its increased isolation, detachment from the official culture, traditional cultural values. It increasingly dominates consumption over creativity, passive forms of consumption over active ones, while genuine familiarization with cultural values ​​occurs only in the process of active, independent cultural or creative activity. Under these new conditions, such personal characteristics as individualism, egocentrism, and the desire to obtain the maximum of life's blessings and pleasures began to develop exaggeratedly. Lost interest in community service. It should also be taken into account that young people have a fairly high conflict potential, which may or may not be realized depending on certain circumstances and influences.

Youth culture and culture for young people are not identical concepts, including different, sometimes opposite content. Youth culture is a multidimensional phenomenon, a system of values ​​that is a powerful and heterogeneous flow from within the youth part of society. Culture for youth is a product of civilization, a list of services, proposals of the state and society for the younger generations. It is no coincidence that a young person finds himself in one or another socio-cultural environment, in one or another cultural situation. This is due to both his social position and personal characteristics. The period of young people's lives during which they are members of subcultures begins at school and usually continues until the creation of a family. This is a period of strong emotions, the choice of the meaning of life, the inconstancy of the initial stage of labor activity. During this period, there is a search for a comfortable living environment, the choice of cultural patterns, the formation of behavior patterns, the search for like-minded people. Youth culture is a subculture or culture within culture, a cultural subsystem within the "official" culture, the basic culture of society, one of the means of social adaptation. Youth cultures always contain both pro-cultural and counter-cultural elements, just as youth culture partially incorporates both general cultural values ​​and components of subcultures, countercultures.

In this regard, the main task government agencies cultural education, enlightenment, education is to counteract the development of negative phenomena in youth culture, stimulate the development of its positive elements and familiarize young people with traditional national and world cultural values. Programs for the development of youth culture should take into account that in a developed society the emergence of alternative forms of culture is inevitable, it is generated by the very fact of social relations. The culture of any society, and democratic society in particular, must absorb, assimilate, rethink these offshoots. Attempts to ignore, prohibit or destroy them give rise to the most ugly and aggressive forms of subcultures. In general, alternative forms of culture lead to the enrichment and rejuvenation of the national culture, absorbing, mastering new, progressive forms and phenomena, including those offered by the youth subculture.

The process of delegating positive elements to the normative national culture by youth culture has nothing to do with flirting with a certain part of cultural and art workers in front of the younger generation by introducing elements of anti-culture, pseudo-culture into their work. Vicious, destroying the youth audience is the thesis about the intellectual and spiritual inaccessibility of high culture for the vast majority of adolescents and youth, which justifies the base, vulgar, corrupting crafts of mass culture.

The process of cultural, like any other education, cognition involves the advancement from the elementary, simple to more and more meaningful and complex. This is confirmed by the fact that the outstanding figures of modern Russian culture, art, politics, economics, in the overwhelming majority, have achieved success, making their way along the steps of culture from abandoned villages and working outskirts.

Informal youth associations give teenagers and young people something that existing cultural and leisure institutions often cannot offer them - the opportunity for self-realization, creative (in the broad sense) self-expression, self-development. State and, especially, commercial institutions of culture and leisure are mostly focused on passive consumption of cultural at best, and at worst - anti-cultural, pseudo-cultural, mass-cultural, not taking into account the individual characteristics and individual needs of a single person. Informal youth culture, which draws its directions, forms, genres from below, is closer to the needs, interests, needs of adolescents and youth, the specifics of various social groups than the modern official “culture for youth”, with its largely destroyed infrastructure, outdated methods, the lack of an ideology for the development of national culture in general and youth culture in particular. Hence the mutual isolation, and misunderstanding, and rejection, and the reduction of opportunities for state regulation of processes in the field of youth culture. "Youth culture" and "culture for youth" exist and develop unacceptably separately, in parallel, touching and intersecting spontaneously and not always with a positive result.

1.3 Youth leisure culture

Leisure culture is characterized, first of all, by those activities that a person prefers during leisure hours.

Leisure culture is associated with all the attributes of free time: content, structure and quality. If the amount of free time is determined by a whole range of socio-economic factors (the level of development of the productive forces, the level of development of the non-productive sphere of the life of society, etc.), then the structure and content of free time are many subjective factors, among which the individual choice of material support for the public, personal and family leisure.

Leisure time is an objectively existing time within which various activities intersect; leisure is a period of time subjectively assessed by a person, as belonging to him and filled with purposeful useful activity.

Leisure time is an integral and significant part the lives of youth. A person spends his free time on education, social work, the media, visiting cultural institutions and spectacles, reading, socializing, playing sports, passive recreation, etc.

Free time for any person is the time that he devotes to himself, expresses himself most fully. Leisure forms of activity contribute not only to the assimilation of the norms of social behavior, but also form and consolidate them in these forms. In this regard, it is of value not only for the individual himself, but also for society as a whole.

The sphere of leisure and recreation is the most important sphere of everyday life, moreover, over the years of economic changes in the country, it is undergoing, in a sense, a kind of “revolution of preferences”. This is expressed not only in the fact that the opportunities for filling their leisure time are significantly expanding for the majority of the country's population, but, in particular, in the fact that there are qualitative typological shifts in relation to their free time, its value as such. Young people, as the most dynamically reacting group to everything that is not considered traditional, are most active in mastering new opportunities and forms of spending free time (fortunately, it is this demographic group that has it to the greatest extent compared to the working population). Everyday communication, wide social contacts, leisure preferences that form the type social life various groups of modern youth are the most important characteristics of the lifestyle they choose, one of the main criteria for self-identification of a young person with a certain group or environment.

Formation of a culture of leisure as a factor in the development of personality. Firstly, it is leisure that acts as the sphere of the most free self-manifestation and self-expression of the individual as one of the main conditions for the development of the individual. Secondly, the social practices of leisure activity represent a space for the implementation of a significant sphere of the sociocultural needs of young people; thirdly, it is in the sphere of leisure that the foundations of the youth subculture are born and take shape.

These circumstances, taking into account the fact that the transformation of the totality of social relations led to a change in both the place of leisure in the life of the youth community, and a radical change in the socio-cultural situation in the field of leisure.

The role of leisure as a factor in the formation of a special youth subculture is increasing due to the decline in the role of traditional institutions of socialization. The process of formation of subcultures, due both to the differentiation and autonomy of social institutions, and the involvement of the individual in various social practices, shows that Team work is perceived by the members of these groups, first of all, as a leisure activity.

Adequate organization of the spheres of leisure and education makes it possible not only to influence the formation of the culture of professional specialists through a more complete inclusion of leisure practices, but also to create conditions for the optimal disclosure of personal potential, which, of course, contributes to the formation of the subject component of the modern personality.

As a kind of function, the function of regulating the sphere of youth leisure activities should be included in the management of young people's free time. The predominance of external regulation means that the individual is guided in his activities by social values ​​that acquire an instrumental character, and the content of cultural and leisure activities becomes not the result of free choice, the realization of the interests and needs of a person, but an activity undertaken under pressure. external circumstances. The most important characteristics of self-regulation are voluntariness, freedom to change occupations, orientation to the process of cultural and leisure activities and its results as a value in itself.

Leisure time management is largely self-regulation, no aspect of which is inseparable from the problem of education.

The conditions and institutional forms in which the socio-pedagogical regulation of leisure time unfolds are the main objects of leisure. In this case, the main goal of the regulatory impact in the cultural and leisure sphere is to create optimal conditions for the self-development of the individual, for the formation of its value orientations, diagnosing and realizing its socio-cultural potential.

One of the important objects of regulatory influence in the cultural and leisure sphere of youth activity is the balance of their interests and needs. The balance of interests in relation to professional, family, domestic and leisure activities in a certain way streamlines the attitude of the individual to the main goals of life and the means of achieving them, plays the role of the inner core of the value-orientation system of the individual and, as such, serves as the leading characteristic of its general life position.

The balance of cultural and leisure interests and needs (passive - contemplative and creative) will certainly contribute to the psychological comfort of the individual and its self-realization in social and cultural activities.

The consideration of young people as an object of cultural and leisure influence is most productive from the standpoint of their value-oriented attitude to leisure.

With this approach, V.Ya. Surtaev identifies the following main typological groups:

active-activity type, characterized by a selective attitude of the individual to various forms of leisure and having a clearly defined range of leisure interests, which, as a rule, are aimed at creating spiritual values, at transforming personal qualities; this type of young people's attitude to leisure, under certain formed socio-pedagogical conditions, often becomes an active subject of cultural and leisure activities;

young people who focus mainly on leisure as a time to continue work (study); it often transfers its production, educational, scientific activities to the sphere of non-working time, crowding out all other types of activity; this group of young people, as a rule, has no other leisure interests and hobbies, except for work, limiting themselves in communication;

young people focusing on passive consumer forms of leisure (excessive television viewing, attending sports and entertainment events mainly as a spectator, visiting cafes and restaurants) to the detriment of spiritual communication and participation in socially significant types of cultural and leisure activities;

young people who do not have the formed skills of rational planning of their leisure and are characterized by a spontaneously chaotic orientation of leisure and the structure of cultural and leisure activities.

Describing the essence of the subject of cultural and educational work, it should be noted that the subject of cultural and leisure work is a person or a group of persons (a collective subject of education) who carry out the educational process in cultural and leisure institutions. A characteristic feature of the subject of cultural and leisure activities is the presence of a conscious educational goal. Since the essence of cultural and leisure work is amateur activity and the initiative of the masses, its subject is, first of all, the masses themselves, included in this activity.

Indeed, among the variety of subjects of cultural and leisure activities, young people are more influenced by their peers, friends, who are passionate about specific types of leisure activities.

Thus, the uniqueness of the cultural and leisure environment of young people lies in the fact that it is largely shaped by the youth themselves. In other words, young people are the creator and the main subject of the formation of a cultural and leisure environment that contributes to the formation of their material and spiritual value orientations.

One of the important objects of regulatory influence in the field of leisure on the formation of young people's value orientations is the balance of orientation of their interests and needs, motives towards specific objects of culture and leisure, cultural and leisure activities. The balance of cultural and leisure interests and needs contributes to the psychological comfort of the individual and its self-realization in the socio-cultural space.

Thus, free time is an integral and significant part of the life of young people. A person spends his free time on education, social work, the media, visiting cultural institutions and spectacles, reading, socializing, playing sports, passive recreation, etc.

Leisure is perceived by most of the youth as the main sphere of life, and the overall satisfaction with life depends on satisfaction with it. Leisure characteristics of the youth subculture, common in various social and age cohorts, are distinguished by a general content orientation and varying degrees of its intensity.

Among the main features, one can single out: the predominantly entertaining and recreational orientation of leisure (the favorite pastime of high school students is “doing nothing”), “westernization” (Americanization of cultural needs and interests), the priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, non-institutional cultural self-realization (outside institutions of culture), lack of ethno-cultural self-identification (outside of national culture, traditions, customs, folklore).

Let's consider these features in more detail.

Primarily recreational and recreational. Along with the communicative (communication with friends), leisure mainly performs a recreational function (about one-third of high school students note that their favorite leisure activity is “doing nothing”), while cognitive, creative and heuristic functions are not implemented at all or are not implemented enough. Recreational leisure orientations are reinforced by the main content of television and radio broadcasting, which spreads the values ​​of predominantly mass culture.

. "Westernization" (Americanization) of cultural needs and interests. The values ​​of national culture, both classical and folk, are being replaced by schematized stereotypes of mass culture, focused on the introduction of the values ​​of the "American way of life" in its primitive and lightweight reproduction.

Favorite heroes and, to a certain extent, role models are, according to polls, the heroines of the so-called "soap operas" (for girls) and video thrillers like Rambo (for boys). However, the westernization of cultural interests also has a wider scope: artistic images are extrapolated to the level of group and individual behavior of young people and manifest themselves in such features of social behavior as pragmatism, cruelty, the desire for material well-being to the detriment of professional self-realization.

Priority of consumer orientations over creative ones. Consumerism manifests itself both in socio-cultural and heuristic aspects. According to surveys of students of St. Petersburg universities (1989-1991), consumption within the framework of artistic culture noticeably exceeds creative attitudes in socio-cultural activities. This trend is even more present in the cultural self-realization of young students, which is indirectly due to the very flow of prevailing cultural information (the values ​​of mass culture), which contributes to background perception and superficial consolidation of it in the mind. Creative self-realization, as a rule, appears in marginal forms.

Weak individualization and selectivity of culture. The choice of certain cultural values ​​is most often associated with group stereotypes of a rather rigid nature (those who disagree with them easily fall into the category of “outcasts”), as well as with a prestigious hierarchy of values ​​in an informal communication group (reference group).

Group stereotypes and a prestigious hierarchy of values ​​are determined by gender, level of education, to a certain extent by place of residence and nationality of the recipient, but in any case, their essence is the same: cultural conformism within the framework of an informal communication group and rejection of other values ​​and stereotypes, from the softer among students to more aggressive among high school students. The extreme direction of this trend of the youth subculture is the so-called "teams" with strict regulation of the roles and statuses of their members, which are characterized by deviant behavior and a criminogenic style of communication.

Extra-institutional cultural self-realization. Research data show that leisure self-realization of young people is carried out outside cultural institutions and is relatively noticeably conditioned by the influence of television alone, the most influential institutional source of not only aesthetic, but also socializing impact in general. However most of TV programs for youth and teenagers are characterized by an extremely low artistic level and do not destroy in any way, but rather, on the contrary, reinforce those stereotypes and the hierarchy of values ​​that have already been formed at the level of the reference group, the most effective cultural communicator.

Lack of ethnocultural self-identification. This trend, which distinguishes Russian youth to a high degree, is due not only to the Westernization of mass youth consciousness, but also to the nature of humanitarian socialization in its institutional forms. The internalization of norms and values, which takes place precisely in this age period, is based either on the traditionally Soviet or Western model of education, in any case, non-national, while the internalization of ethno-cultural content is practically absent. Folk culture (traditions, customs, folklore, etc.) is perceived by most young people as an anachronism. Meanwhile, it is ethnic culture that is the cementing link of socio-cultural transmission. Attempts to introduce ethno-cultural content into the process of socialization in most cases are limited to initiation to Orthodoxy, while folk traditions, of course, are not limited to religious values ​​alone. In addition, ethnocultural self-identification consists, first of all, in the formation of positive feelings in relation to the history, traditions of one’s people, i.e., what is commonly called “love for the Fatherland”, and not in acquaintance and familiarization with one, even the most mass, confessions.

In the first chapter, the theoretical and methodological foundations of studying the culture of youth leisure were considered.

The youth culture and its features were investigated. Youth culture differs from official culture and many other subcultures in knowledge, goals and values, judgments and evaluations, mores and tastes, jargon and demeanor. One of the characteristic distinguishing features of youth culture at the present stage is its increased isolation, detachment from the official culture, traditional cultural values. It increasingly dominates consumption over creativity, passive forms of consumption over active ones, while genuine familiarization with cultural values ​​occurs only in the process of active, independent cultural or creative activity.

The features of the youth leisure culture were also noted. There are main typological groups of youth: active-activity type, youth oriented mainly towards leisure, youth oriented towards passive-consumer forms of leisure, youth who do not have the formed skills of rational planning of their leisure and are characterized by a spontaneously chaotic orientation of leisure.

Youth culture is distinguished by such features as a predominantly entertainment and recreational orientation, "westernization" of cultural needs and interests, the priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, non-institutional cultural self-realization, and the absence of ethno-cultural self-identification.

The study and analysis of this literature contributed to the study of the leisure culture of young people. Zarechensk settlement and identification of leisure preferences of this category of the population.

2. development of a project for the activities of the youth club "NEXT" on the materials of the club institution of the Rural House of Culture "Cosmos"

.1 Characteristics of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos"

The legal basis for regulating the activities of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" are the following regulatory legal acts:

-Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 44);

-Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Article 149);

-Law of the Russian Federation of October 9, 1992 No. 3612-I "Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on Culture";

-Federal Law No. 131-FZ dated October 6, 2003 “On the General Principles of Organizing local government In Russian federation";

Federal Law of January 6, 1999 No. 7-FZ “On Folk Artistic Crafts”;

Charter of a rural settlement (registered on May 22, 2006 No. RU515033032006001 in the main department of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for the North-Western Federal District)

Regulations on the basics of economic activity and financing of organizations of culture and art. (Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 26.06.1995 No. 609 (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 23.12.2002 No. 919).

Federal target program "Culture of Russia";

Federal target program "Social development of the village until 2010";

State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation".

The rural settlement of Zarechensk is located at a distance of 120 km from the town of Kandalaksha. The number of leisure facilities - 5 (auditorium, foyer, disco hall, school No. 11, kindergarten No. 41).

AT locality(n.p.) Zarechensk has the only club institution - the rural house of culture "Cosmos". It is a cultural and educational center for the residents of Zarechensk, where it is located. Institution address: 184004 Murmansk region, Kandalaksha district, n. Zarechensk, Kumskaya street, house 2.

Club institution SDK "Kosmos" was built in 1958. The founder is the Administration of the municipal formation of the rural settlement of Zarechensk, Kandalaksha district.

It operates on the basis of the Regulations on the club institution, approved by the decision of the council of deputies of the municipality, the rural settlement of Zarechensk, the city of Kandalaksha, with the territory under its jurisdiction, No. 37 of September 11, 2006. Not a legal entity. There is no collective agreement.

The total area of ​​the building of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" is 1015.4 sq.m:

-number of rooms for circle work - 2

-number of seats in the auditorium - 190

The equipment of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" is presented in Table 2.1. (Appendix 1).

In 2008, funds allocated from the district budget were used to purchase:

Computer - 1 pc.

-theater chairs - 100 pcs.

video projector - 1 pc.

synthesizer - 1 pc.

sports simulator - 1 pc.

director's office furniture

water heater - 1 pc.

These acquisitions do not meet the needs of the institution. Computer equipment is 2 units.

The main tasks of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" are:

-Organization of leisure for children and youth

-Organization of leisure for an adult audience

-Leisure activities for the elderly and disabled

-Organization of family leisure

-Development of amateur creativity

-Development of forms and methods of cultural and leisure activities

-Preservation and development of national and cultural traditions

The club institution SDK conducts cultural and educational work among the residents of the village. But, besides this, public events are held in the House of Culture: studies and meetings of public activists, solemn meetings, amateur art reviews, exhibitions. The House of Culture attracts residents from other settlements to participate in amateur performances (including those who have their own clubs, but are within the boundaries of the House of Culture), becomes the center of sports work carried out with the adult population of the economy, professional theater teams.

The activities of the House of Culture are full of a wide variety of cultural programs. In its work, the House of Culture tries to cover all age groups of the population.

Organization of meaningful leisure, development of creative abilities, patriotic education, promotion of a healthy lifestyle are the main activities. The club institution SDK "Cosmos" is the organizer of holidays, competitions.

Club institution SDK "Cosmos" in 2008 took part in federal, regional municipal target programs:

-Regional target program "Children of the Kola Arctic"

-Regional target program "Support for families in Murmansk region»

-Regional target program "SOS"

-State program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation"

-In May 2008, events dedicated to the Victory Day were held

-In December, events dedicated to the Day of the Disabled were held.

In 2008, 134 - 3691 people were held in the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos". cultural and leisure activities, of which for children under 14 - 47 - 586 people.

One of the main tasks in the work of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" was the organization of leisure for children, adolescents and youth.

During the year, 9 groups of amateur artistic creativity worked in the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos". The teams work in the following areas:

vocal

choreographic

theatrical

instrumental.

Theater groups are divided into adult and children (under 14 years old), the number of participants is 10 and 6, respectively. According to the choreographic direction, the teams are also divided into adults (8 people), teenage (6 people) and children's (6 people). Teenagers (9 people) are engaged in the instrumental group. Three groups were formed in the vocal direction: an adult 8 people, a teenager (6 people), a children's group (5 people).

Amateur associations and interest clubs have also been created:

-Club of sports aerobics lovers (9 people, contingent - adults)

-Club of fans of weightlifting (10 people, contingent - adults).

Thus, 83 people were engaged in clubs and collectives (19 and 64, respectively).

Comparative characteristics of the performance of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" for 2007 - 2008. presented in table 2.2. (Appendix 2).

In total, during 2008, 64 people were engaged in collectives, of which 17 were children under 14 years old. In comparison with 2007, the number of teams has not changed. One children's choreographic group stopped working. With the purchase of new equipment, an instrumental group began to work, where children and teenagers learn to play musical instruments: a drum kit, a synthesizer, a piano, an accordion, a guitar. The number of participants has changed due to the fact that the number of children, adolescents and youth has decreased. Collectives take an active part in the preparation and holding of theatrical performances, ceremonial holidays, amateur art concerts held in the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" and in agreement with the leadership at school No. 11 and kindergarten No. 41. In festivals, reviews and competitions for the reporting period did not take part.

At the end of November, it was planned to hold an anniversary program dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the construction of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos", but due to the repair of the roof and electrical wiring, the program had to be canceled.

In 2008, two alumni meetings were held in the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos": in May - "10 years later", in June - "20 years later".

To preserve the traditional folk culture, the revival of Russian holidays and rituals, ceremonial holidays and celebrations were held in the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos". In January, a theatrical performance "A Christmas Tale" was held. In April, a ritual holiday “How Ivan Saved Spring” was held.

Among the residents of Zarechensk, it has become popular to use the services of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" in holding anniversary programs and weddings. In 2008, three weddings and two anniversary programs were held. The programs included elements of the old rites and modern scenes, games, contests and sweepstakes. In the staff of the club institution SKD "Cosmos" 6 people. At the head is the director of the club institution, who is authorized to make all final decisions regarding the activities of the house of culture. Directly subordinated to the director are: artistic director, cleaners (2 people), watchmen (2 people). The organizational structure of the enterprise is shown in Figure 2.1.

Rice. 2.1. Organizational structure of the club institution SDK "Cosmos"

The organizational structure of the firm can be described as linear. The linear management system lies in the fact that all functional divisions of the enterprise report directly to one leader. As of 2008, the staffing of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" is as follows, table 2.3.

Table 2.3. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the staff of the club institution SDK "Cosmos"

YearTotalAgeEducationUnder 30 years old30 - 50 years oldOver 50 yearsHigherIncomplete/HigherSecondary/Special General20078251--3520086141-114

Thus, based on the above data, the following conclusions can be drawn:

) with a staff of 6 people (as of 2008), 1 person has an incomplete higher education, 1 has a secondary specialized education and 4 people have a general education.

) the age of employees of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" is mainly 30 - 50 years.

The working hours of full-time managers are established in accordance with the requirements of the Labor Code. During the working hours of the heads of creative teams, work on the selection of members of the creative team and educational and educational work with the participants are counted; selection of repertoire; work on the study and collection of folklore; learning parts, learning musical and choreographic works, theatrical roles, rehearsal work; activities for the release of performances (concerts; maintaining documentation of the creative team, attracting sponsorship funds for the development of the team; production of performances, concert programs, organization of exhibitions.

For creative success and social activities to popularize traditional folk culture, participants and leaders of folk art groups can be presented with various types of encouragement, namely: a diploma, a badge of honor, the title of an honored worker of culture.

State funding and creative activity(stage expenses, purchase of costumes, instruments, participation in competitions and festivals) are provided for in the estimate of the cultural institution. Funds earned from the sale of tickets at paid events of the team, sponsorship funds and donations, other income from entrepreneurial activities are accounted for in accordance with Article 161 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. The institution has the right to make additional payments to staff members, as well as to persons involved in staging events under civil law contracts, subject to the conditions for drawing up an estimate in accordance with the requirements of this article of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.

Based on the nature, volume and specific conditions of work and subject to the availability of funds, additional positions of specialists, workers, junior service personnel may be introduced into the staff of a club-type cultural institution with the permission of the founder in accordance with the established job responsibilities and the size of the official salary (tariff rate).

The head of a club-type cultural institution independently distributes the number and type of necessary specialists, based on the nature and volume of work within the fund wages institutions.

The remuneration system, in addition to official salary schemes, includes remuneration for work in special conditions and in conditions that deviate from normal, as well as incentive payments:

-maintaining increased wages for cultural specialists working in the countryside;

-maintaining the increased wages of workers of culture and art, employed in adverse climatic conditions, established by the current legislation.

Reception of employees is carried out on the basis of the Labor Code.

Employees are familiarized with the internal regulations when applying for a job.

The internal regulations consist of the following items:

1.Procedure for admission and dismissal.

2.Basic rights and obligations of an employee.

.The rights and obligations of the employer.

.Working time and its study.

.Penalty for violation of labor discipline.

As of 2008, there were no performance appraisals of employees. Refresher courses were not taken. The director is studying at St. Petersburg Humanities University Trade unions Murmansk branch at the faculty of SKD at the correspondence department.

The club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" lacks specialists, namely: a choreographer, a vocal teacher, and a cultural organizer.

2.2 Studying the preferences of the cultural leisure of the population of n.p. Zarechensk

In order to identify preferences for cultural leisure of the population, a marketing study was conducted in the village of Zarechensk.

The first task of choosing methods for conducting marketing research, which is the initial stage in developing a marketing plan in the field of culture, is to familiarize yourself with the individual methods that can be used in the collection and analysis of marketing information. It should be noted that the most acceptable methods of marketing research for the field of culture are consumer survey methods, expert assessments and experimental methods. In this study, a written survey of the population in the form of a questionnaire was chosen as a method for collecting primary information.

The rural settlement of Zarechensk is home to 770 people. Including children - 66 people, teenagers - 25, youth - 33, elderly - 266. The sex and age structure is shown in fig. 2.2 and 2.3 (Annex 3).

As a result of the survey, 90 people were interviewed. The gender and age structure of the respondents is shown in fig. 2.4 and 2.5.

Fig.2.4. Gender structure of respondents

Fig.2.5. Age structure

Thus, the majority of respondents are women (61%), the age of the majority of respondents was 30-59 years (34%).

The structure of the questionnaire (Appendix 4):

1.What cultural products do you consume most often - this question allows you to determine the rating of cultural products in general.

2.How often do you visit cultural institutions - allows you to determine the activity of the population in the use of cultural products.

3.With whom you most often visit cultural institutions - allows you to determine the reference group.

4.For what purpose do you use the media and visit cultural institutions - allows you to determine the motivation of consumers of a cultural product.

5.Indicate the reasons why you do not visit / do not visit cultural institutions as often as you would like.

Consequently, the main task of marketing in the field of socio-cultural activities is to identify different types of people's participation in cultural life by the degree of activity and track the changes in these types among various social groups and society as a whole. The accumulated research experience shows a clear differentiation of cultural needs and preferences of the population, depending on a number of socio-demographic and geographical characteristics, which is directly related to the division of the audience and consumer behavior.

For the first question of the questionnaire (What cultural products do you consume most often?) were received following results(fig.2.6):

Rice. 2.6. Most Popular Cultural Products

Thus, among the inhabitants, as can be seen from the diagrams, different cultural products are in different demand. The most popular are TV, radio, cinema visits.

The situation with reading is currently determined by a number of factors. Among them should be attributed, first of all, the lowering of the level of knowledge and the general culture of the population. With the development of market processes in our country, the professional and qualification structure of the population is becoming more complex and changing, the number of students and scientists who need reading to successfully fulfill their social role is sharply decreasing. As a result of the impact of the above reasons, now reading is gradually ceasing to be one of the most important means of assimilating spiritual values ​​and knowledge.

The intensity of reading is also contradictory and ambiguous. The decrease in the rate of growth in the intensity of reading is directly related to the widespread use of audiovisual mass media (radio, television, audio and video systems, computerization).

As for attendance at exhibitions, the picture is as follows. Exhibitions are attended by only 3% of respondents. Such a low figure is due to the lack of exhibition halls in rural areas.

The second question of the questionnaire reveals differences in the frequency of visiting cultural institutions among residents of a large municipality and rural areas. (Fig.2.7).

Fig.2.7. Frequency of visiting cultural institutions

As can be seen from this diagram, the majority of residents visit cultural institutions once a month.

When answering the question “With whom do you visit cultural institutions most often?” received the following data, Fig.2.8.

Fig.2.8. Preferences when visiting cultural institutions

Thus, most residents prefer to visit cultural institutions with friends.

The goals pursued by consumers of cultural products when visiting cultural institutions (question 4 of the questionnaire) are presented below, Figure 2.9.

Fig.2.9. Goals when consuming cultural products

So, the main goal is to relax, as well as spending time with friends.

The following answers were received to the fifth question “Specify the reasons why you do not visit / do not visit cultural institutions as often as you would like”, Fig. 2.10.

Rice. 2.10. Reasons why they rarely visit / do not visit cultural institutions

Thus, most residents do not have enough free time to visit cultural institutions more frequently.

So, on the basis of this study, we can conclude that the main consumers of socio-cultural services are young people (18-29 years old) and adults (30-59 years old). Most of the respondents prefer to relax with friends. The frequency of visits to cultural institutions is approximately once a month. Weak involvement of people who are on a well-deserved rest, i.e. of the older age group, as well as children and adolescents, in the network of events organized by cultural institutions suggests that when organizing events, it is necessary to take into account the interests of residents of different age and social groups.

Thus, as strengths in the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" the following can be noted:

-Professionalism of the staff: the team coped with the tasks set, despite the lack of specialists in leisure activities.

-Extensive work experience.

-The presence of a variety of programs and teams.

-Lack of competition in this settlement.

Weak sides:

-Weak material and technical base: the volume of appropriations allocated from the budget for technical equipment lagged behind the real needs of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos"; lack of equipment with computers and other modern technology.

-The institution needs specially equipped premises for choreographic and vocal groups. The building is in need of a major overhaul.

-The lack of planned monitoring of public opinion and, as a result, the lack of predictive conclusions about the current demands and needs of the population in the socio-cultural sphere.

-Lack of personnel for the work of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos".

-Insufficient funding.

Practice has shown that a mass visit to a cultural and leisure institution has already exhausted itself. People began to unite more in small groups in order to satisfy their needs for communication.

Questioning of visitors can become an innovation for the club institution KFOR "Cosmos". A survey of regular visitors to the KFOR and those who never come here can also be attributed to ways to improve the activities of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos". Because when there were no problems with funding, with attendance at events and amateur art classes, the questions “Do you visit the Cosmos KFOR?, how often?, what clubs and events do you think are few in the Cosmos KFOR?” were not particularly acute. But today reality forces us to work in a new way.

The club institution KFOR "Cosmos" needs to promptly and adequately solve the tasks dictated by life. Therefore, it is probably necessary to start with the creation of data banks - both about people and about leisure groups, to form a center of initiative, for example, youth, because young people know the tastes and interests of their peers better, therefore they can better organize their leisure time, i.e. it is necessary that the initiative comes from the youth, leaders are needed. It is important to skillfully use the ability of young people to self-realization and self-organization and the bank of ideas. It can be proposed to involve young people: they can help in the distribution of advertising and tickets in the design of the stage, in holding events and other important matters of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos". They themselves can act as initiators of many leisure programs.

It is necessary to improve the qualifications of employees. Of course, you learn a lot of new and useful things for your work from professional journals, from various methodological literature. But no publications can replace live communication with colleagues, direct impressions. It is necessary to travel more to other regions, to exchange experiences.

You can also offer the introduction of paid services of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos":

-short-term lease of premises and halls;

-the work of individual circles and teams;

-rental of stage costumes and props, sports equipment;

-compilation and development of scenarios to order.

Increasing the set of offered cultural and leisure services for different categories of the population. Among these may be salon meetings: musical, literary, local history, theatrical, legal, etc., with an appropriate program).

The motive for holding a salon can be a meeting with interesting people, evenings of reminiscences about famous poets, musicians, artists, writers with viewing or listening to their works performed by guests or participants of the salons.

Also, the study revealed a weak involvement of children and adolescents in the network of events of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos". In order to attract this category of the population, it is necessary to find out preferences regarding cultural and leisure activities that are most attractive to them.

In order to identify the most preferred types of cultural and leisure activities, a study was conducted among young people.

The target group aged 15 to 18 was singled out as respondents. Total There were 30 people surveyed.

The survey was conducted in person at secondary school No. 11 n. the village of Zarechensk.

The structure of the questionnaire (Appendix 5.):

1.Are you interested in organizing your leisure time?

2.How do you usually spend your free time?

.Would you like to spend your time differently?

.What would you suggest to organize for the leisure of young people?

.Are you ready to visit the club you like?

Your age

What's your gender.

The results of the study are presented in the form of diagrams. In Fig.2.11 and 2.12. data on the gender and age structure of respondents are presented. (Appendix 6). Figure 2.13 shows the results of a survey of the cultural and leisure preferences of young people. (Appendix 7). Thus, it becomes clear that young people are interested in organizing their leisure time, many were attracted by the opportunity to visit the youth club.

Thus, as a cultural and leisure event for young people, it is proposed to create a youth club.

.3 The project of the activity of the youth club "NEXT"

The expediency of developing the project of the youth club "Next" is due to the following.

Work with youth has its own specifics, its own forms and methods, its own problems. We are talking about a very active, but not yet hardened by life experience, category of the population, about vocational guidance for young people, about educating the younger generation in the spirit of high citizenship. On expanding the horizons of young people, their physical and spiritual improvement

The name of the youth club is "Next".

Goals and objectives of the youth club - "Next":

-Involvement of youth in the implementation of socially significant projects.

-Formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle among young people.

-Formation of love for the native land among young people.

-Formation of an active life position.

-Formation of an active life position in matters of nature protection.

-Establishing friendly relations between youth groups.

Any young person living or studying in the settlement can be a member of the youth club. Zarechensk. Access to the club is free.

The main activities of the youth club "Next".

) Ecological direction

The main activities in the environmental direction:

-ecological education and enlightenment;

-participation in public actions, events;

-propaganda and educational work;

-landscaping and landscaping of the territories adjacent to the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" and houses;

-carrying out practical measures to preserve the environment.

2) Patriotic direction

The main events in the patriotic direction:

-activation of heroic-patriotic, pre-conscription work with youth;

-promotion of healthy lifestyles

-acquaintance with the heroic past of the Murmansk region and Russia;

-propaganda of the best human qualities possessed by the defenders of the Fatherland;

-involvement of young people in activities to perpetuate the memory of those who died for the Fatherland and further development traditions of rendering assistance to veterans and invalids of wars and military conflicts.

) Local history direction

The main activities in the local history direction:

-study of the history of the native land;

-familiarization with the folk epic;

-propaganda of love for a small homeland;

-organization of excursions around the Murmansk region in order to get acquainted with the culture and history of the native land.

The action plan is presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1. Action Plan

No. Name of events Performers Deadlines 1 section. "Patriotic education" This section improves the activities of the club in the formation of spiritual values ​​in the minds of young people, the education of patriotic feelings, civil-patriotic worldview, as well as respect for the native land.1 Orgyu and holding events aimed at educating a patriot. (sports. holidays, promotions, quizzes, contests, ex., etc.) 2010-2012.2 Organization and holding of seminars on issues of civil and patriotic education. 2010-2012. .2010-2012 4 Conducting excursions to monuments, visiting the reserves of the Kola Peninsula 2010-2012 5 Conducting conversations on the history and culture of the native land 2010-2012 2 section. "Sports work" The main goals and objectives of this section are to promote a healthy lifestyle, attract young people to sports, prevent morbidity through sports, and improve health by organizing a good rest.1 Formation of a healthy lifestyle, cultivation of sports among the youth.2010 -2012 2 Conducting cultural - mass and sports - recreational events at the place of residence (yard holidays, competitions, concerts, sports competitions, etc.) 2010-2012 3 Organization and conduct of conversations on the prevention of a healthy lifestyle. 2010-2012 .3 section. "Information support" The purpose of this section is to cover the activities of the youth club through the media. 1 Issue of articles, notes through newspaper products. 2010-2012. "Organization and holding of cultural and leisure activities" Formation of an optimal system of youth leisure, as well as the creation of conditions for the effective development of the system of organization of youth recreation, intellectual and physical development, the formation of moral stability, social activity.1Organization and holding of the event "Valentine's Day".2010 -2012 February 14 annually2 Holding events dedicated to the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. 2010-2012 Annually3 International Women's Day. 2010-2012 March Annually4Organization and holding of events dedicated to Children's Day.2010-2012. June 1 Annually 5 days of humor and laughter. 2010-2012 April Annually6Organization and holding of events dedicated to the Day of Russia.2010-2012. June Annually7Organization and holding of events dedicated to International Day elderly people. 2010-2012 October Annually8Organization of events dedicated to Teacher's Day.2010-2012. October Annually9Organization and holding of events dedicated to Mother's Day.2010-2012.10Organization and holding of New Year's youth events.2010-2012. December

Expected social effect:

-the range of educational and leisure services provided by the club to the population of the settlement has been expanded. Zarechensk, which will increase the number of young people covered by organized forms of leisure, satisfy their interests and needs in communication, personal formation and development, life and professional self-determination;

-the pupils of the club actively promote the style of a healthy lifestyle, which will positively affect the moral improvement of the social environment of the village;

-the tasks of educating citizenship and patriotism are systematically implemented, business and social activity will increase among the youth in the implementation of their own life plans, social socially significant projects.

An approximate estimate of income and expenses is presented in table 3.2.

Table 3.2. Estimate of income and expenses

No. Item of income Amount, thousand rubles 1. Revenue from the local budget 2500002. Income from paid services provided by the club institution 200003. thousand rubles

findings

In the second chapter, an analysis was made of the activities of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" and a project of the youth club "Next" was developed on the basis of the materials of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" n.p. Zarechensk.

In the village of Zarechensk there is the only rural house of culture "Cosmos". It is a cultural and educational center for the inhabitants of Zarechensk. KFOR conducts cultural and educational work among the residents of the village. But, besides this, public events are held in the House of Culture: studies and meetings of public activists, solemn meetings, amateur art reviews, exhibitions. The activities of the House of Culture are full of a wide variety of cultural programs. In its work, the House of Culture tries to cover all age groups of the population. Participates in regional and federal programs.

The staff of SKD "Cosmos" is 6 people. KFOR "Cosmos" lacks specialists, namely: a choreographer, a vocal teacher, a cultural organizer. The institution needs specially equipped premises for choreographic and vocal groups. The building is in need of a major overhaul.

According to the results of marketing research, we can draw conclusions about the weak involvement of people who are on a well-deserved rest, i.e. of the older age group, as well as children and adolescents, in the network of events organized by cultural institutions suggests that when organizing events, it is necessary to take into account the interests of residents of different age and social groups.

Carrying out this analysis made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the work of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos", the strengths and weaknesses of the club institution were identified and, on the basis of this, the development of a project for the activities of the youth club "Next" based on the materials of the club institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" n.p. Zarechensk.

Club Directions:

1) Ecological direction.

) Patriotic direction.

) Local history direction.

Funding for the creation and operation of a youth club should be comprehensive and include revenues from the local budget, funds received from visiting the club, private capital and revenues from interested individuals and organizations, income from paid services provided by the club institution.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis of the literature in the field of studying the culture of youth leisure, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Youth subculture is a partial, relatively coherent system within common system culture. Its occurrence is associated with the uncertainty of the social roles of young people, uncertainty about their own social status. In the ontogenetic aspect, the youth subculture is presented as a phase of development through which everyone must go. Its essence is the search for social status. Through it, the young man "exercises" in the performance of the roles that he will later have to play in the world of adults.

Factors that determine the state of youth culture: society; modern Russian culture, both at the institutional and at the subject-activity levels, is today in a state of crisis, as is society itself; levels of humanitarian socialization; age features youth; generation features.

One of the features of youth culture is alienation from the older generation, its cultural values, ideals, samples. Features of youth culture can be seen from the materials and various studies of leisure. Leisure is increasingly becoming the main sphere of life of young people. An important feature of youth culture is the predominance of consumption over creativity. The role of consumption in the development of a person's culture is significant, but truly familiarization with cultural values ​​occurs only in active, independent activity.

Youth culture and culture for young people are not identical concepts, including different, sometimes opposite content. Youth culture is a multidimensional phenomenon, a system of values ​​that is a powerful and heterogeneous flow from within the youth part of society. Culture for youth is a product of civilization, a list of services, proposals of the state and society for the younger generations.

The most accessible social platforms for specific activities of young people are leisure, where you can show your own independence: the ability to make decisions and lead, organize and organize. Leisure is not only communication, but also a kind of social game, the lack of skills in such games in youth leads to the fact that a person considers himself free from obligations even in adulthood.

Leisure began to be perceived by young people as the main sphere of life, and the overall satisfaction with the life of a young person depends on satisfaction with it. Therefore, at present, the educational impact on the social practices of youth leisure should be directed to the formation of such a type of leisure behavior, which, on the one hand, would meet the needs of bringing the main type of youth activity - its cognitive and educational movement, with leisure practice, and on the other hand, socio-cultural needs. the youth itself.

The following main typological groups of youth are distinguished: active-activity type, youth oriented mainly towards leisure, youth oriented towards passive-consumer forms of leisure, youth who do not have the formed skills of rational planning of their leisure and are characterized by a spontaneously chaotic orientation of leisure.

It is also noted that youth culture is distinguished by such features as a predominantly entertaining and recreational orientation, "westernization" of cultural needs and interests, the priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, non-institutional cultural self-realization, lack of ethno-cultural self-identification.

The study of literature on the formation of a culture of youth leisure and analysis of the activities of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" contributed to the study of the culture of youth leisure n. Zarechensk settlement and identification of leisure preferences of this category of the population. The data obtained as a result of the study served as a motive for the development of a youth club project with a patriotic, local history and environmental focus. It is assumed that the youth club will contribute to the formation of a leisure culture for young people. Zarechensk

The following provisions are put forward for defense:

The results of the study of the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos".

Analysis of the activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" made it possible to draw the following conclusions. The club institution KFOR "Cosmos" is a cultural and educational center for the residents of Zarechensk, conducts cultural and educational work among the residents of the village, but, in addition, public events are held: studies and meetings of a public activist, solemn meetings, amateur art shows, exhibitions. The activities of the club institution SDK "Cosmos" are full of a wide variety of cultural programs. In its work, the club institution KFOR "Cosmos" tries to cover all age groups of the population. Participates in regional and federal programs. An analysis of the organizational environment of the Cosmos KFOR was also presented. The staff of SKD "Cosmos" is 6 people.

The results of the study of cultural leisure preferences of the population of the settlement Zarechensk.

Marketing researches of preferences of cultural leisure of the population n. The village of Zarechensk made it possible to draw the following conclusions: the main consumers of social and cultural services are young people (18-29 children) and adults (30-59 years). Most of the respondents prefer to relax with friends. The frequency of visits to cultural institutions is approximately once a month. A weak involvement of people who are on a well-deserved rest was revealed, i.e. of the older age group, as well as children and adolescents, into the schedule of events of the club institution KFOR "Cosmos", which indicates insufficient consideration of the interests of residents of different age and social groups.

In order to attract this category of the population, it was necessary to find out the preferences regarding cultural and leisure activities that are most attractive to them. In order to identify the most preferred types of cultural and leisure activities, a study was conducted among young people. The target group aged 15 to 18 was singled out as respondents. The total number of respondents was 30 people. After the study, it became clear that young people are interested in organizing their leisure time, many were attracted by the opportunity to visit a youth club.

The project of the activity of the youth club "Next".

Based on the research, a project was proposed for the activities of the youth club "Next".

The purpose of the club is to attract more teenagers and young people to go in for sports, international communication with peers from countries near and far abroad.

The main tasks of the club are to create optimal conditions for social adaptation, personal development, health promotion, self-education and creative work of adolescents and youth, their professional self-determination, organization of reasonable and meaningful leisure, recreation and entertainment.

The main activities of the youth club "Next":

) Ecological direction.

) Patriotic direction.

) Local history direction.

Financing of the youth club.

Funding for the creation and operation of a youth club should be comprehensive:

-Revenues from the local budget.

-Funds received from visiting the club.

-Private capital and receipts from interested persons and organizations.

-Income from paid services provided by the club institution.

Expected social effect.

The creation of a youth club will make it possible to involve the youth of the settlement. Zarechensk to a healthy lifestyle through sports, to form spiritual values ​​in the minds of young people, the upbringing of patriotic feelings, careful attitude to the native land. It will allow to form an optimal system of leisure for young people, as well as create conditions for the effective development of a system for organizing recreation for young people, intellectual and physical development, the formation of moral stability, and social activity.

Bibliography

1. Azarova, R.N. Leisure of modern youth / R.N. Azarova // Vneshkolnik. - 2003. - No. 10. - S. 19-21.

Azarova, R. N. Pedagogical model of organizing leisure time for students / R. N. Azarova // Pedagogy. - 2005. - No. 1. - S. 27-32.

Akimova, L.A. Sociology of leisure / L. A. Akimova. - M.: MGUKI, 2003. - 123 p.

Bystrova, A. N. World of Culture (Fundamentals of Cultural Studies). Tutorial. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. / A. N. Bystrova. - M.: Fedor Konyukhov Publishing House; Novosibirsk: YuKEA Publishing House LLC, 2002. - 712 p.

Volkov, Yu. G. Sociology / Yu. G. Volkov. - M.: Gardariki, 1999. - 432 p.

Annual report for 2008 SDK Cosmos.

Grinenko, G. A. Sociology / G. A. Grinenko. - St. Petersburg: SPbVPTSh of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 1994. - 245 p.

Zharkov, A. D. Cultural and leisure activities. / A. D. Zharkov, V. M. Chizhikov. - M.: MGUK, 1998. - 462 p.

Zharkov, A. D. Technology of cultural and leisure activities. / A. D. Zharkov. - M.: Publishing House of the Moscow State University of Culture, 1998. - 248 p.

Zharkov, A.D. Cultural and leisure activities as an independent branch of pedagogical science. /BUT. D. Zharkov. // Education and society. - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 98 - 105.

Zvonovsky, V. Leisure preferences of youth / V. Zvonovsky // Public opinion monitoring: economic and social changes. - 2002. - No. 5. - S. 59-66.

Zorin, I. V. Encyclopedia of Tourism: A Handbook / I. V. Zorin, V. A. Kvartalnov. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2001. - 368 p.

Ivanov, V. G. On the concept of socio-cultural activity. / VG Ivanov // Humanitarian culture as a factor in the transformation of Russia. - 1995. - S. 121 - 123

Ikonnikova, S.N. Youth about themselves, their peers. / S. N. Ikonnikova, V. T. Lisovsky. - L.: Lenizdat, 1969. - 133 p.

Ikonnikova, S.N. Youth: Social and socio-psychological analysis. / S. N. Ikonnikova. - L.: LGU, 1974. - 166 p.

Ilyina, E.N. Tourism - travel. Establishment of a travel company. Agency business / E. N. Ilyina. - M.: RMAT, 2000. - 170 p.

Ismaev, D.K. The main activity of a tourist company (on the example of Russian tourism). / D. K. Ismaev. - M.: LLC "Knigodel", 2005. - 158 p.

Iskhakova N.R. Musical preferences of youth. / N. R. Iskhakova, R. R. Boltachev // Sociological research.-2006. - No. 6. - S. 103-106.

Kabushkin, N. I. Organization of tourism / N. I. Kabushkin. - Minsk: New knowledge, 2003. - 336 p.

Kasyanov, V. V. Sociology. Textbook / V. V. Kasyanov, V. N. Nechipurenko, S. I. Samygin. - Rostov n / a: publishing center "March", 2001. - 512 p.

Kvartalnov, V.A. Tourism management: Tourism as an object of management / V.A. Kvartalnov, I.V. Zorin. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2004. - 304 p.

Kvartalnov, V. A. Tourism: Textbook. / V. A. Kvartalnov. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2001. - 320 p.

Kiseleva, T. G. Sociocultural activity: main trends at the present stage. / T. G. Kiseleva, A. Yu. Streltsov, Yu. D. Krasilnikov // Humanitarian culture as a factor in the transformation of Russia. - 1995. - S. 128 - 130.

Kravchenko, A. I. Sociology / A. I. Sociology. - M.: Academic Project, 2003. - 2nd ed. - 508 p.

Krylova, G.D. Marketing. Theory and 86 situations: Proc. allowance for universities. / G. D. Krylova, M. I. Sokolova. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2001. - 519 p.

Kulakov A. M. Active leisure in the context of the transformation of value orientations of the population of Russia / A. M. Kulakov // Theory and Practice physical culture. - 2007. - No. 3. - S. 30-32.

Lavrinenko, V.N. Sociology / V.N. Lavrinenko. - M.: Culture and sport, UNITI, 1998. -349 p.

Lisovsky, V. T. Sociology of youth. / V. T. Lisovsky. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University, 1996. - 215 p.

Markova, A.P. Sociocultural activity as a technology and subject of theory. / A. P. Markova // Humanitarian culture as a factor in the transformation of Russia. - 1995. - S. 126 - 128.

Makhosheva, S. A. Marketing research market of cultural leisure services for youth: on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic / S. A. Makhosheva // Marketing in Russia and abroad. - 2005. - No. 2. - S. 90-101.

The youth new Russia: value priorities. Analytical report. - Moscow - 2007. - Access mode: [#"justify">. Morozova, E. Ya. Tikhonova E.D. Economics and organization of enterprises of the socio-cultural sphere. / E. Ya. Morozova. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of Mikhailov V.A., 2002. - 320 p.

Motina, L.V. Socio-economic indicators of cultural and leisure activities in the region (on the example Oryol region). / L. V. Motina // Education and society. - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 114 - 119.

Nikitina, E. M. History of social and cultural activities. Electronic textbook. / E. M. Nikitina. - Access mode: [#"justify">. Pankrukhin, A.P. Marketing: Textbook./ A.P. Pankrukhin. - 4th ed. - M.: Omega-L, 2006. - 656 p.

Work plan for 2009 SDK "Kosmos".

Ponukalina, O. V. Social construction of ideas about leisure among young people / O. V. Ponukalina // Higher education in Russia. - 2009. - No. 1. - S. 137-142.

Ponukalina, O. V. The specificity of the leisure of modern youth // Higher education in Russia. - 2007. - No. 11. - S. 124-128.

Popov, V.V. Theory of socio-cultural activity. Electronic textbook. / V. V. Popov. - Access mode: [# "justify">. Radugin, A. A. Sociology: a course of lectures / A. A. Radugin. - 3rd ed. - M.: Center, 2000. - 244 p.

Samsonova, E. A. Youth of Tula: value orientations and realities of everyday life. / E. A. Samsonova, E. Yu. Efimova // Sociological research. - 2007. - No. 11. - S. 110 - 116.

Semenov, V. E. Value orientations of modern youth. / V. E. Semenov // Sociological research. - 2007. - No. 4. - P.37 - 43.

Srebnik, B.V. Marketing. / B. V. Srebnik. - M.: graduate School, 2005. - 359 p.

Surtaev, V. Ya. Sociology of youth leisure. / V. Ya. Surtaev. - S.P. - Rostov n / D.: Gefest Publishing House, 1998. - 224p.

Tutina, Yu. About the youth / Yulia Tutina // Change. - 2007. - No. 1 - S. 112-117.

Fatov, A. V. Problems of youth leisure activities and ways to overcome them / A. V. Fatov // Law and Law. - 2006. - No. 10. - S. 85-86.

Chaltseva, I. S. Youth club associations: current state and development prospects / I. S. Chaltseva // Humanitarian and socio-economic sciences. - 2007. - No. 2. - S. 138-141.

Cherkasova, I. O. Marketing. / I. O. Cherkasova. - St. Petersburg: NEVA, 2005. - 160 p.

Chizhikov, V. M. Methodological support of cultural and leisure activities. / V. M. Chizhikov. - M., 1991. - 142 p.

Chudnovsky, A.D. Management of the tourism industry / A.D. Chudnovsky, M.A. Zhukov. - M.: KnoRus, 2005. - 437 p.

Shishkin S.V. Reforms in the socio-cultural sphere: in whose interests? / S. V. Shishkin, I. A. Rozhdestvenskaya // Questions of Economics, 1996. - No. 1. - P. 33

Shlykov, I.I. Features of the provision of leisure services for adolescents and youth using health-saving technologies / Shlykov I. I., Pavlov M. A. // Culturology Analytics. - 6. - 2006. - S. 19.

Shchegortsov, V. A. Marketing: Proc. for universities. / V. A. Schegortsov. - M.: UNITI, 2005. - 447 p.

Yadov, V. A. Sociology in Russia. / V.A. Poisons. -. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Publishing House Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998. - 696 p.

Appendix 1

Table 2.1. Equipped with equipment

Types of equipment Availability (available, not available condition - satisfactory, not satisfactory, % depreciation) NeedFurniture Available, condition not satisfactory 100% depreciation Comp. table-1 pc., theater chair-100 pcs., semi-soft chair-24 pcs., writing table-3 pcs., chair-2 pcs., bookcase-2 pcs., cabinet for telephone-2 pcs., wardrobe clothes-4pcs. Vehicles--Intruder alarm equipment--Special stage equipment-head microphone-4pcs, acoustic complex-1pcs, music center-1pcs, microphone stand-6pcs, music stand-1pcs, projector- bsht.Prof. Sound. and lighting equipmentAvailable, satisfactory condition Lighting device-4pcs., smoke generator-4pcs., ultraviolet. lamps-6 pcs. Musical instruments Available, not satisfactory, 100% wearBayan-2pcs, piano-1pc, acoustic guitar 12-string-1pc,

Appendix 2

Table 2.2. Comparative characteristics of the performance indicators of the cultural institution of the KFOR "Cosmos" for 2007 - 2008.

Indicators 20072008 number of club formations / participants in them11/8211/83 for children under 14 years old inclusive / participants in them6/363/17 Folk / exemplary groups - number of cultural and leisure events / number of visitors 150/4782134/3691 for children under 14 years old inclusive / number visitors 65/84647/586 on a paid basis / number of visitors - incl. for children under the age of 14 inclusive--number of visits per year per inhabitant77number of leisure facilities55Amount of money earned--

Annex 3

Sex and age structure of the population n.p. Zarechensk

Fig.2.2. Sex structure

Rice. 2.3. Age structure

Appendix 4

Questionnaire

Dear ______________

As part of the monitoring of the cultural sector of the club institution, KFOR "Cosmos" conducts research on the cultural leisure of the population. We kindly ask you to fill in the questionnaire provided by us. Thank you!

No. Question Answers1 What cultural products do you consume most often?TelevisionRadioMagazinesNewspapersBooksInternetCinemasExhibitionsDiscotheques2How often do you visit cultural institutions? 1 time per year 1 time per month several times per month 1 time per week several times per week3 Husbandwhole family4What is the purpose of your visit to cultural institutions? RecreationImprove your cultural levelSpend time with friends5Specify the reasons why you do not visit / do not visit cultural institutions as often as you would like?Lack of timeFinancial difficultiesOther6 Please indicate some information about yourself Age Gender Are you married Do you have children ( if yes, how much)

Appendix 5

Questionnaire

Dear (s) ____________

As part of the monitoring of the cultural sector of the club institution, KFOR "Cosmos" conducts research on the cultural leisure of young people. We kindly ask you to fill in the questionnaire provided by us. Thank you!

№ p/p Question Answers 1 Are you interested in organizing your leisure time? Yes No 2 How do you usually spend your free time? youth club?Sports clubVideo club (with disc exchange)Dance clubYouth club5Are you ready to visit the club you like?YesNo6Please provide some information about yourselfagegender

Appendix 6

Fig.2.11. Age of respondents

Fig.2.12. Gender structure of respondents

Annex 7

Fig.2.13. The results of the survey on the cultural and leisure preferences of young people n.p. Zarechensk

Tutoring

Need help learning a topic?

Our experts will advise or provide tutoring services on topics of interest to you.
Submit an application indicating the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.

The role of a social educator in working with informals is very great. A necessary condition is the entry of the teacher into a trusting and contact relationship with the members of the group. Since it is not easy to establish such relationships, methods of indirect interaction (through reference persons) should be used to increase the effectiveness of interaction; contact primarily with participants occupying antagonistic positions in the group (in order to change their needs, motives, interests, orientations, value orientations etc.).

It is important to bear in mind that each group resists and even takes retaliatory countermeasures to those educational influences that are aimed at curbing its activities or destroying its structure. There can be no universal recommendations in this case, obviously, only that the positive that is in this group, in its individual members, should become a support.

To neutralize the activities of an already established group of adolescents, experts advise:

• 1. identify the most authoritative persons; to study their orientation, interests and inclinations, the roles in which they act in various activities (educational, gaming, sports, labor, etc.);
• 2. exercise constant control over their behavior and, if possible, include them in socially significant activities, in some cases involve them in leadership work on a voluntary basis;
• 3. to work with group leaders, encouraging them to disclose, change their views, positions, behavior; carry out educational work with group members in order to separate them from the leader and neutralize his influence;
• 4. find ways to debunk leaders in the eyes of teenagers, undermine their authority;
• 5. Gradually introduce into a group of positively directed adolescents in order to destroy the group from within. For this purpose, official groups can be regrouped.

For the most effective work social pedagogue not just with young people, but with teenagers who are members of informal youth associations, various ways, methods and means of influence are needed. In modern conditions of work with adolescents, social and pedagogical work with informal youth associations is extremely necessary. The theoretical data under consideration give us the opportunity to allocate a system of funds to provide support and assistance to adolescents from informal youth associations. When studying the characteristics of informal youth associations, one should find out, identify: - is there a hierarchical ladder; - who is the leader; - composition of informal youth associations; - the degree of influence of the leader on the rest of the "informals"; - orientation of informal youth associations and more.

In order to find out ways to solve a particular problem, a system of diagnostic methods should be carried out: - tests to identify aggressiveness, communication. This test is carried out in informal youth associations to find out how aggressive teenagers - "informals" are towards society in order to understand teenagers and their problems. There is also a conversation with the aim of replenishing knowledge about teenagers, about their problems, about their prospects and plans for the future, this conversation is an attempt to "dig" a little deeper.

A teacher working with teenagers, first of all, must remember the need for an individual approach to each member of the group, a differentiated approach to each group. The prohibition of the group can only provoke illegal actions of teenagers. It is important to understand the problems that concern the children, to try to help in solving them, to convince them that they are mistaken, showing the true values ​​of domestic and foreign culture. It is necessary to find a common language with these teenagers, to find ways to create conditions for their self-expression and self-realization.

Thus, it is possible to single out the main forms and methods of working with informal youth:

• - involving them in sports, arts or other socially useful activities;
• - the introduction of a social worker into the group in order to correct and control their actions;
• - individual approach to each member of the group;
• - constantly communicate with children and help them make positive decisions difficult situations to prevent their involvement in various informal associations and organizations;
• - Bringing to criminal or administrative liability persons who form an asocial environment and impose antisocial behavior on children;
• - carrying out socially significant and administrative measures to prevent and spread drug addiction and drunkenness among adolescents;
• - organization and implementation of measures to prevent deviant behavior among children and adolescents in the family and educational institutions;
• - holding lectures and conversations in an educational institution about the essence of anti-social formations, movements and youth subcultures.

In modern conditions, it is very important that a social work specialist work together with parents and teachers. I found ways to interact with children in unorganized (informal) structures. The strategy is based on showing adults a sincere, genuine interest in what lives and breathes, on what principles communication is built in one group or another, what a teenager sees as valuable by participating in such associations. The absence of adult condemnation and criticism makes adolescents more open in communication. A social pedagogue who has managed to find contact with such children can further use the strongest, positive aspects of the activities of adolescents and gradually involve them in participating in organized activities. An important direction in the work of a social work specialist is work with parents of “informals”: ​​studying families, creating parental assets together with teachers, holding lectures on raising children in the family. These areas are very important in the work of a specialist with "informals". But at this stage, it is impossible to be limited only to these areas, and therefore scientists have developed recommendations for a social work specialist working with informal youth associations.

Relevance of the research topic. Leisure is traditionally one of the most important areas of youth life. Transformations of all aspects of the life of Russian society have led to a change in the socio-cultural situation in the field of leisure. Youth is a special social group, the most susceptible to sociocultural innovations that have a different impact on the formation of a young person's personality.

Leisure for today's youth is one of the paramount values; in this area, many socio-cultural needs of young people are realized. For the leisure sphere of life, the freedom of the individual is most characteristic, which is manifested in the choice of forms, place, time of leisure. It is in the sphere of leisure that young people, more than anywhere else, emerge as free individuals. The sphere of leisure is characterized by freedom from professional and family responsibilities, in addition, within its framework, institutional pressure on the personality of a young person is weakened. Therefore, in modern Russian society, in which there is an instability of normative and value systems, the problem of youth leisure becomes especially acute.

The increased interest in the sociological study of leisure is also determined by changes in the content and structure of leisure under the influence of sociocultural transformations that have taken place in the country (changes in the values ​​of Russian youth, the development of social infrastructure, the emergence of new information technologies). This dictates the need to typify the leisure behavior of young people in accordance with the current socio-cultural situation in modern Russia.

The actualization of youth leisure issues is also due to the fact that the younger generation, in accordance with their sociocultural needs, devotes their leisure time mainly to communication in youth companies, peer groups, where a special youth subculture is formed that influences the formation of a young person's personality. Youth subcultures are a phenomenon due to both the nature of culture and social interactions modern society, as well as a fundamental change within its framework of the place and role of youth. Due to the fact that negative manifestations in the sphere of leisure are largely due to its disorganization, it becomes necessary to determine ways to regulate the leisure sphere of youth life. Thus, leisure as a socio-cultural sphere of life of modern Russian youth requires a deep scientific understanding.

The degree of development of the problem. The topic of course research is a broad and multifaceted problem. In foreign and domestic sociological science, the study of leisure and free time is represented by the names of such scientists as B.L. Grushin, J. Dumazedier, M. Kaplan, T. Kendo, S.G. Strumilin. They laid down the main approaches to the study of free time and leisure.

V.A. Artemov, V.I. Bolgov, T.G. Kiseleva, Yu.D. Krasilnikov, V.D. Patrushev, E.V. Sokolov.

Various aspects of youth issues find quite detailed coverage in the scientific literature. In his monographs and scientific articles, I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada, V.Yu. Vishnevsky, L.V. Genin V.A. consider youth as a special socio-demographic group, analyze its problems in a transforming society.

The study of youth leisure is very multifaceted and implies the study of various processes and phenomena in the life of young people, namely, socialization, youth education, professional development, lifestyle, value orientations, etc.

Due to the fact that the sphere of leisure activities of young people is sensitive to all the changes taking place in society, it becomes necessary to study this social phenomenon, and this requires, first of all, a sociological understanding of the processes taking place in the sphere of youth leisure based on a reliable empirical base.

Object of study- youth of modern Russia as a special socio-cultural group.

Subject of research are the main features and features of modern forms of leisure as a specific sphere of life of modern Russian youth.

The purpose of the course work. Determining the role of youth leisure in the formation of a socially active personality, as well as identifying the interests of modern youth.

Objectives of the course work:

Determine how young people spend their leisure time;

To study the structure and functions of the leisure sphere of life;

Is it necessary for the state to influence leisure;

Designate forms of youth leisure;

Enrich specialists with the information necessary for their professional activities; conduct sociological research topic to answer the questions.

The practical significance of the study. The results of the study are of interest to local governments, to the services of social protection bodies, they can be taken into account when developing targeted youth programs, as well as when planning and organizing social work with youth.

The structure of the course work. The work consists of two parts.
The main part where I consider the question is whether youth leisure plays a role in the formation of a socially active personality. The practical part, in which we will conduct a study on these issues. The main research methods were questionnaires and interviews. The object of the study was the youth of Samara.

Chapter 1. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the sociological analysis of youth leisure

1.1. Leisure as a form of freedom of choice for young people

Youth is a period of trial and error, a period of choice. Each of us has the right to choose from the whole variety of moral, political, aesthetic and other values. This diversity is enormous: the multitude of spiritual cultures “from Marx to Buddha” accumulated by mankind gives everyone an almost unlimited opportunity to choose spiritual values ​​that correspond to tastes, abilities, and living conditions. However, by the objective conditions of existence, we have already been placed in a certain way in a limited circle of possibilities, conditioned by genetic, socio-political, national, economic, and similar factors. Today's time in Russia makes such a choice quite difficult. On the one hand, several generations of Russians, due to understandable historical reasons, are cut off from the origins of their culture. On the other hand, a beautifully packaged surrogate of other cultures, products of mass culture, diverse and often contradictory, opposing political, ideological and religious ideas and myths are being actively imposed on young people.
The freedom to choose a life path is relative. It is limited by the achieved level of social development.

The problem is whether a young person is ready to deal with the immeasurably increased variety of choice of products of material and spiritual production. He has to choose among moving values ​​and goals, the number of which is steadily increasing. Thus, the search for oneself, one's individuality and social status is complicated by the abundance and complexity of choice.

To make itself known, the society should be surprised, amazed, horrified. This is what clothes, manners, jargon, specific hobbies of young people are designed for.

In individual psychological terms, young people are characterized by a not always conscious desire to free themselves from external control, increased emotionality, excitability, idealization of some life ideas, maximalism, as well as instability of moral positions, often based on the perception of negative phenomena of society.
However, a person can preserve his originality, remain himself even in the most difficult conditions only by preserving his personality.
The richer the world and the more complex life options, the more urgent the problem of choosing one's own life position.

The period of apprenticeship, studentship, in which the majority of young people are, is the time when, on the one hand, the controlling and regulating function of the family is weakening, and, on the other hand, there are still no professional duties and the burden of caring for one's family. Thus, youth leisure is a peculiar form of realization of such freedom and a field for self-realization.

Leisure is the simplest and most accessible platform for specific activities. In it, you can show your own independence - the ability to make decisions and lead, organize.

Leisure is not only communication, but also a kind of social game. The lack of skills in such games in youth leads to the fact that a person in adulthood considers himself free from obligations.
The concept of "leisure" as an independent or organized form of recreation in their free time from study does not have a clear definition. The well-known French sociologist J. Dumazedier, defining "leisure", speaks of it as "a certain occupation that an individual carries out of his own free will - recreation, entertainment, self-improvement of knowledge, improvement of one's qualifications, participation in public life- after he has fulfilled his professional and public duties. Often young people do not know what to do with this time. What is the reason? There are several of them, and most importantly, the inability and unwillingness to independently organize her life in such a way that leisure, like school time, would be a source of life experience for her in the future. The inability to organize it leads to the fact that “this time” is organized by the environment, and then the young person is subject to its influence, including negative.

social leisure youth

Today, social services for youth carry out their activities in more than 30 areas. Only psychological and pedagogical counseling for adolescents and youth is carried out by 206 centers; 10% of services provide emergency psychological help by phone; about 6% of the centers are engaged in social rehabilitation; 19.5% provide sociocultural services; 13.5% are engaged in career guidance and employment of young people; about 1% provide legal and almost 5% - informational assistance to young people.

The main areas of work of the youth social service bodies are:

Educational and preventive;

rehabilitation;

Wellness;

Leisure:

Information and advisory;

Employment promotion;

Social support for the younger generation.

In the educational and preventive direction, the content is built in the logic of promoting the self-realization of children and youth, which means helping them in the conscious expedient disclosure and use of their positive capabilities, aimed at free choice of new growth opportunities.

To implement this direction, the following tasks should be solved:

1. Acquisition and updating by adolescents of important socio-psychological knowledge.

2. Disclosure and implementation by adolescents of subjective qualities in various activities.

3. Development of a reflective position and feedback skills in adolescents.

The rehabilitation direction includes issues of drug prevention, the consequences of vagrancy, unauthorized departures of residents of boarding schools (ICI) who have been treated for drug addiction and alcoholism and are in remission, etc.

The following methods are used in the work: conversation, observation, interviewing, individual counseling, individual psycho-correction, group psycho-correction, skills training.

The purpose of the direction is the activation of non-specific adaptive reactions of the body and the achievement of emotional balance and deep mental relaxation.

The health direction includes the improvement of the nation, the formation of a healthy, physically strong generation, clearly identified in the Concept for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports of the Russian Federation, the task of maintaining and strengthening health in a mass general education school is paramount in the educational process. This task is multifaceted. One of the reasons for the decline in the health of students is their overwork in an educational institution, low physical activity outside of school hours.

The basic principle of working with young people is the rational organization of their leisure time outside of school hours. Implemented here:

1. Educational activities (aimed at obtaining the initial skills of the profession or artistic skill) - classes in circles, electives, pre-profile training courses.

2. Gaming leisure activities (active recreation in the form of a game, aimed at expanding the horizons of young people and organizing free time) - contests, quizzes, game programs, matinees, collective creative activities, discos. This also includes many forms that are actively implemented in cultural and leisure institutions.

These are mass events (KVN, educational competitions, - musical, historical, literary, concerts), evenings of communication (disputes, press conferences, briefings, talk shows, conference-disputes), meetings with interesting people (professional-oriented, valueological , creative, meetings with veterans), festive musical and dance or theatrical events (balls, carnivals, evenings, matinees for children).

3. Recreational leisure (aimed at switching the attention of young people from school (institute), communication, familiarization with nature and cultural values) - hiking, excursions, trips out of town, visiting museums, concerts, social clubs of interest.

The whole variety of forms of communication among young people in the context of leisure activities can be classified according to the following main features:

By time (short-term, periodic, systematic);

By nature (passive, active);

According to the direction of contacts (direct and indirect).

There are two main forms of youth leisure: organized and unorganized. The sphere of organized leisure includes teenage and youth organizations, houses of culture, social centers, art and sports clubs, clubs, sections, etc. Formally formed organizations involved in the leisure of youth contribute to the inclusion of boys and girls in new social relations, their self-realization, socialization of the individual, assist the family in raising the younger generation, and help prevent neglect and deviant behavior among minors.

Unorganized leisure is a spontaneous formation of youth groups united on some basis, for example, these may be similar interests. Belonging to an informal group provides a young person with a certain social status and satisfies the needs for social protection thanks to high degree intragroup solidarity. Often this leads to self-identification with the company of peers, the rejection of individuality, complete submission to the norms, values ​​and interests of the group. In such informal groups, the unifying core is the way of life, one's own morality, spiritual values, paraphernalia, slang, that is, a kind of subculture that is different from the generally accepted culture of adults, which applies only to members of the group, regardless of the rest of those around them. To declare itself, the society should be surprised, amazed. This is embodied in clothes, manners, jargon, specific hobbies. Quite often, everything is limited only by eccentric behavior, violation of moral standards, interests around music, parties, destructive manifestations. The difference between a spontaneous group as an agent of socialization lies in the fact that it is not regulated by any legislation, is unpredictable and often poses a danger to both boys and girls, and to others.

An unorganized form of leisure, communication in the company of peers, to be a member of which a young person needs organically, is a natural process. Indeed, according to many surveys of young men and women, preferences for spending leisure time are given precisely to informal communication with friends and peers.

In modern Russian conditions, the organization of youth leisure by the state is developed at an insufficient level. Free circle associations, sections, studios, usually existing at institutions of general and vocational education, institutions of additional education, Palaces of Culture, have either disintegrated or are not able to interest young people. Institutions that organize free time on a commercial basis, many young people cannot pay. In addition, special attention should be paid to youth informal associations that are formed according to the “yard”, micro-district affiliation, as the subject of socialization, but such companies may have a negative impact - drinking alcohol, familiarizing with tobacco and drugs, participating in asocial manifestations.

In this connection, one of the directions for the prevention of deviant behavior of young people is, firstly, the creation of more opportunities for the implementation of various taste preferences in the field of leisure, the "legalization" of young people's hobbies, the provision of free choice of leisure activities; secondly, expanding the network of leisure institutions for young people, and strengthening control over those institutions whose activities are associated with the presence of such forms of social deviation as alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution (discotheques, night clubs, etc.); thirdly, the identification of teenage youth companies and groups in order to use the desire of a young person to belong to an informal group, to direct their activities in a socially significant direction.

The activities of a social and leisure institution and its improvement depend not only on the skillful organization of leisure, but also on the consideration of psychological and pedagogical factors. The activity of young people in the field of free time is based on voluntariness, on personal initiative, on an interest in communication and creativity. In this regard, there are questions of communication in teams, and the typology of leisure behavior. Therefore, one can speak about the content of events, about the forms and methods of work only when the psychology of the individual and the psychology of groups, the psychology of collectives and the masses are taken into account. Realizing the goal of developing creative abilities, taking into account personal initiative and voluntariness in leisure conditions, the type of activity of people, leisure organizers create such events that include programs for self-development and creativity. This is a fundamental difference between activities in the conditions of a cultural and leisure institution, from regulated conditions, where the development and enrichment of the individual are of such a voluntary nature.

Information and advisory activities include:

Enlightenment of youth in the form of "round tables", disputes, conversations;

Promotion of healthy lifestyles;

Prevention of asocial phenomena in the youth environment;

Improving the legal culture and literacy of young people;

Preparing youth for family life;

Consultative activity of specialists: psychologist, narcologist, obstetrician-gynecologist, lawyer;

Conducting sociological surveys among young people;

Organization of temporary summer employment for adolescents and youth.

Social service bodies assist in the employment of young people. Employment is carried out in the following areas:

1. Organization of public works.

2. Organization of temporary employment for unemployed citizens experiencing difficulties in finding a job.

3. Organization of temporary employment of graduates of educational institutions of professional education under the age of 25 years.

4. Organization of temporary employment of minors aged 14 to 18 years.

Social therapy is a branch of scientific knowledge focused on solving social and therapeutic problems through overcoming anomalies in life orientations, social values ​​of subjects of public life (including youth), their ideas about justice and injustice.

Common technologies of social therapy include the following technologies:

1. Consulting - establishing contact through verbal communication, identifying client problems, assistance and interaction in finding their solution.

2. Art therapy - "art therapy" through the involvement of a young person in cultural and leisure activities, visiting various cultural and leisure institutions.

3. Music therapy - the socialization of the individual by turning to any musical culture, subculture, attending concerts, rallies, competitions, themed discos, regular listening to musical compositions.

4. Bibliotherapy - the impact on the consciousness of the individual in the process of forming meaning-life orientations through the selection of special literature.

5. Socio-pedagogical technologies - the active participation of a social worker (teacher) in the upbringing of the client and the formation of his meaningful life orientations.

6. Creative technologies - involving young people in collective creative and constructive activities, promoting the development of individual creativity.

7. Logotherapy - (from the Greek logos - word, therapeia - care, treatment) treatment with a word. Social logotherapy deals with the study of methods, means, methods of influence (mutual influence) on people's ideas about social processes, the meaning of life, and social values.

Exploring the real needs of young people in social services - key element in the formation of a system of their social services. According to research, young people need, first of all, a labor exchange, points of legal protection and legal advice, the work of "helplines", a sexological consultation, a center for helping a young family, a hostel-shelter for teenagers who find themselves in conflict situation Houses. One of the main problems of youth is employment, well-paid and interesting work. Market relations presuppose a radical transformation of the incentives and motives for the economic activity of people, the formation of the willingness and ability of the younger generation to live and work in new conditions. The study of the attitude to work of various categories of young people showed that a radical reorientation took place in their minds from the preference for non-material values ​​to material ones. The solution of many socio-economic problems of young people is facilitated by youth entrepreneurship, the development of which is helped by a whole complex system of organizations, including regional educational and entrepreneurial centers, business incubators, business support centers, etc.

Society and the state consider youth as a basic strategic resource, as a real subject of socio-economic policy. This means increasing attention to the problems of youth, a fundamental change in attitude towards them at all levels of government, as well as building a public-state system of youth work.

The main principles, directions and standards of social work with youth, state policies in relation to youth should be formulated and defined on federal level in the form of the main strategic directions and priorities, which should be reflected in the regulatory framework, in the decisions and documents of the federal executive authorities.

Social work with youth should be based not on guardianship and paternalism, but on stimulating the activity of young people themselves, creating conditions for independently solving the problems they face. Social work with youth is not focused on creating benefits for young people. This is a targeted and systematic investment policy that provides for investing in young people through the organization and stimulation of work initiated, organized and carried out, primarily by the youth themselves. Financing of youth work should be carried out from the budgets of all levels and from extrabudgetary sources, based on the principles of investment, through the creation of effective mechanisms to ensure the effectiveness of this work.

There are various reasons for the emergence of different types and forms of social work. One of these grounds are the spheres of social practice, and in this case we can talk about social work with young people in education, healthcare, leisure, etc.; others - the socio-psychological characteristics of social work clients - young people in general, social risk groups, suicidal people, etc.; the third is character and other grounds. In all cases, the goal of social work will be specified (from prevention to correction).

Thus, this concept also includes social services, the role of which in society differs in many respects from the activities of ordinary state institutions. Social services act as the institutional basis of social work, it is through them that the mechanisms for introducing social projects into practice are implemented in order to protect and support various groups of the population.

In this regard, it is important to expand the content of old and develop new methods, organizational forms of social youth work and social support for youth, attract specialists armed with new knowledge, leading the search and testing of innovative technologies of social work with families, street social work with adolescents, development of socio-psychological counseling methods and programs, taking into account the type of settlement.

Thus, the use of various principles and methods of social work with youth makes it possible to solve a wide range of problems covering the younger generation in a difficult period of time for them.