General rules, basic requirements and stages of development of technological processes are established by a unified system of technological preparation of production (ESTPP). The development of technological repair processes is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of various factors that take into account the technical condition of the parts of the repair fund, the resources of the ATP, the achievements of science and best practices of repair enterprises, the economic feasibility of repair, etc.

The design of technological repair processes includes the following steps:

Analysis of initial data.

Selection of an existing standard or group process, or search for an analogue of a single process.

Determination of the repair workpiece and methods for eliminating defects.

Selection of technological bases.

Drawing up technological routes for repairs, that is, the development of technological operations, the choice of equipment, fixtures and tools.

Development of technological operations, establishment of a sequence of transitions, selection and refinement of technical equipment, selection or calculation of processing modes, calculation of processing allowances and dimensional tolerances based on dimensional analysis.

Rationing of technological process operations. Determination of the norms of time and volume of repair work, the norms of consumption of materials, the category of work and workers.

Establishment of requirements for safety and environmental protection.

Calculation of the economic efficiency of the technological process.

Preparation of technological documentation.

Defects in parts during the operation of machines arise due to the occurrence of random factors and therefore their appearance is characterized by probabilistic properties. The condition of the repair fund parts in one sample differs in the number of defects and technological methods for their elimination. Therefore, the use of one technical process with one technological repair route to eliminate all defects is not economically feasible.

This makes it necessary to develop several technical processes for its repair for a part of one name. Each of the technical processes will have its own technological route, providing for the elimination of a certain set of defects in the repaired part.

A complex of defects is understood as a set of defects eliminated along one technological route. Thus, a feature of the developed technical process for repairing parts is its polyroute, that is, the technical process for repairing parts contains not one, but several technological routes.

This requires determining: the optimal number of technological routes for each technical process of parts repair; the composition of defects eliminated on each technological route; the sequence of operations and optimization of fixing parts of the repair fund with a certain combination of defects for each technological route of repair.

To ensure a high level of repair quality and increase labor productivity, it is advisable to develop working technical processes based on standard technical processes developed by the manufacturer. A typical technical process is developed for a set of parts generalized in terms of defects, which have a constructive and technological commonality and require the same technological operations and the same sequence of their execution to eliminate defects.

Detail generalized by defects is a conditional part that contains all possible defects found in many parts of this name. When developing a typical repair process, parts are guided by a unified system of technological preparation for production (ESTPP), taking into account the peculiarities of education generalized repair part.

The technological route of a typical technical process is general and provides for a sequence of technological operations to eliminate all defects contained in a conditional generalized part. If the real part contains fewer defects than the generalized part, then the length of the technological route of a typical technical process is reduced. This allows you to significantly reduce development costs.

GOST 3.1129-93

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GENERAL RULES FOR RECORDING
TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION
IN TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTS
FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
AND OPERATIONS

INTERSTATE COUNCIL
ON STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
Minsk

Foreword

1. DESIGNED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

INTRODUCED by the Technical Secretariat of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification.

2. ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification on April 15, 1994

State name	Name of the national standardization body
Republic of Armenia	Armstate standard
Republic of Belarus	Belstandard
The Republic of Kazakhstan	State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstandart
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
Russian Federation	Gosstandart of Russia
Turkmenistan	Main State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
Ukraine	State Standard of Ukraine

3. By Resolution of the Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification No. 27 dated January 31, 1995, the interstate standard GOST 3.1129-93 was put into effect directly as the state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 1996.

4. REPLACE GOST 3.1104-81 in part of section 3

5 REVISION. April 2003

GOST 3.1129-93

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of technological documentation

GENERAL RULES FOR RECORDING TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL
DOCUMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS

Unified system for technological documentation. General rules of recording technological information
in technological documents for technological processes and operations

Introduction date 1996-01-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard establishes general rules for recording technological information in documents for technological processes (TP) and operations of mechanical engineering and instrumentation.

2. Regulatory references

3.4. Recording information in documents should be done in typewritten, machine, handwritten ways.

3.4.1. Recording information in typewritten and handwritten ways should be performed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 3.1127.

3.4.2. Recording information by machine should be performed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.004.

3.5. The originals (originals) of documents from which it is necessary to obtain copies by means of reprography, including micrography, must meet the requirements established in the relevant regulatory documents (RD).

4. Rules for recording address information about the technological process

4.1. Address information about the technological process should be indicated on the first sheet of the set of documents.

For documents for processes with the letters "A" and "B", this function is performed by the title page (TL) according to GOST 3.1105, for documents for processes with the letters "O"; “O 1” or “P” - MK or the corresponding forms of technological process charts (KTP), and for typical (group) technological processes - the corresponding forms of charts of typical (group) technological processes (CTTP).

4.2. Address information about the technological process (hereinafter referred to as address information) includes:

Information about the designation of the product (or its component) and its name, for which the process has been developed in accordance with the design document;

Information on the Technological classifier of parts for mechanical engineering and instrumentation 1 85 142 (TKD);

Information on the designation of a set of documents for the process;

Information on the stage of development of the technological process;

Information on the name of the set of documents for the technological process;

Information about the persons involved in the coordination and approval of a set of documents for the process.

4.2.1. When writing in the documents the designation of the product (or its components) and its name, one should proceed from the type of technological process for its organization.

For single technological processes (UTP), the relevant information should be selected from the design documents. At the same time, it is allowed: in column 2 according to GOST 3.1103, indicate one designation (subject or depersonalized) or two (subject and depersonalized), if this is required by the conditions of technological preparation of production.

For standard technological processes (TTP), when using an anonymous designation, in the specified column, only the code of the classification characteristic, which is common to the entire group of parts (assembly units), should be affixed, for example:

Picture 1

For group technological processes (GTP), the column is not filled in and a dash is indicated in it.

Figure 2

When recording the name of a product or its component, it should be taken into account that:

For UTP - the name is indicated according to the relevant design document, taking into account the allowable abbreviations;

For TTP - the generalized name of the group of products or their components in the plural is indicated, for example, levers, flanges, shafts, etc.;

For GTD - the name of the type of coating, testing, adjustment and adjustment work, etc. is indicated, for example, painting XB-16; fuel chemical tests.

Note - When developing TTP (GTP) and using TL, it is allowed to indicate the name in field 3 TL in accordance with GOST 3.1105, without a corresponding entry in column 6 of the main inscription in accordance with GOST 3.1103, for example:

"A set of documents for TTP cutting";

"A set of documents for the GTP for painting with XB-16 enamel."

4.2.2. Information on TKD should be entered in documents for technological processes developed only for machine building and instrument making parts and subject to their specialization in one technological method, for example, TP for cutting the “shaft” part; TP for "electrochemical cadmium plating", etc.

The code of classification groupings of technological characteristics according to TKD should be put down in column 3 of the main inscription (GOST 3.1103).

For UTP for parts specialized according to one of the technological methods, and for TTP for a group of parts that have common design and technological features, the technological code should be affixed in full, including the code of classification groupings of the main features according to the technological method of manufacture and the code of classification groupings of features that characterize the type details.

It is allowed for TTP, if necessary, in column 3 of the main inscription to put down the code of only the classification groups of the main features.

For GTP for a group of parts that have different design features and common technological features, the code of classification groupings of the type of part according to the manufacturing method should be affixed.

Provided that more than one technological method is included in the TP for the part, in column 3 of the main inscription, the code for the dominant method should be affixed.

For assembly units, column 3 of the main inscription is not filled in and a dash should be put in it.

It is allowed at the discretion of the developer of documents in column 3 to put down the technological code of assembly units according to the technological classifiers of assembly units available at the enterprise.

4.2.3. Information on the designation of a set of documents for the process should be indicated in accordance with GOST 3.1201.

4.2.4. Information on the stage of process development should be indicated in accordance with GOST 3.1102 in column 5 of the main inscription, starting from the left side, leaving the next two columns for changes.

The letter entry in the documents should basically correspond to the letter of the design document. The exception is:

1. Technological documents with the letter "P" ("Preliminary design"), which are developed on the basis of design documents with the letter "E" ("Draft design") or the letter "T" ("Technical design").

2. When developing TTP or GTP for a group of parts (assembly units) having different stages of development of design documents, the corresponding process must be developed taking into account the existing higher stage, for example, the group of parts processed according to TTP includes parts that have letters according to design documents O; O 1 ; About 2; A. The TTP must be developed at the "A" stage.

4.2.5. Information on the name of the set of documents for the technological process and information on the persons involved in the coordination and approval of the set of documents for the process using TL should be recorded in accordance with GOST 3.1105.

In the absence of TL and the use of types of other documents (MK, KTP, KTP) as the first (header) sheet, the corresponding record of information on the name of the set of documents is not made, and instead of designating the set of documents, the process is indicated by the designation of the type of document on which the technological process is described , for example, for an ETP for a part processed using the electrophysical method described on the MK, the process designation in accordance with GOST 3.1201 will be - ABVG.10175.00001.

5. Rules for recording address information about the operation (operations)

5.1. Address information about the operation (operations) is indicated at the beginning of the document (after the main inscriptions) and includes:

Indicative information at the place of performance of the relevant actions, i.e. designation of the workshop, site, workplace;

Sequence number of the operation;

Operation code according to the Classifier of technological operations of mechanical engineering and instrument making 1 85 151 (hereinafter - CTO), as well as its name.

5.2. Recording information on the designations of the workshop, site and workplace in the documents should be carried out in accordance with the procedure established at the enterprise (in the organization) at the discretion of the document developer. Information on the designation of workplaces is typical for processes and operations performed on a conveyor or automatic lines and, therefore, is filled in at the discretion of the document developer. Under the conditions of processing the information contained in the documents using computer technology, the specified information should be recorded in the form of codes (symbols using a certain value. For example, if the enterprise has more than 9 production workshops (divisions of the enterprise), then their code must be written in two characters, for example, shop 01; 04; 25, etc. The same condition is also characteristic for the designation of production sites.

5.3. The numbering of operations should be performed by numbers of a series of arithmetic progression, for example 5; ten; fifteen; 20, etc. Intermediate figures, if necessary, are used to number operations developed additionally or instead of canceled ones, due to changes in the drawing, clarification of the technological process, etc. The numbering of the canceled operation is not used.

For example, operation 15 is canceled in MK and two other operations are introduced instead: one of them is assigned the number 16, the other 17, and the number 15 is no longer used.

5.3.1. In the conditions of processing or designing documents using computer technology, the numbering of operations should be performed with a three-digit number, for example, 005; 010; 015 etc.

It is allowed to use four-digit numbering, for example 005; 0010; 0015; 0020 etc.

5.4 The entry of the operation code should be performed in accordance with the CTO.

If there is no operation in the CTO, reserve codes in the classification tables should be used, followed by notification of the parent organization for maintaining technological classifiers for the additional introduction of the operation in the CTO.

5.4.1. The choice of the appropriate operation code should be carried out according to its name, in relation to the technological method, for example, for the name of the operation “cylindrical grinding”, its code according to CTO will be 4130; and for "oxygen thermal cutting" - 9172, etc.

5.4.2. To select a code of operations that have a general nature of actions that are not due to a specific technological method, you should use the tables “Operations for general purposes” in the CTO, for example, “Flushing”, “Mixture preparation”, etc.

5.4.3. The entry of the operation code should be performed in the appropriate column of the document before its name, for example:

"7381. Spray painting with exposure to solvent vapors.

5.4.4. Recording the operation code should be performed only in cases where the information in the documents is processed by computer technology.

5.5. The entry of the name of the operation should be performed according to CTO in full or short form after the operation code with a capital letter at the bottom of the line (leaving the top for changes).

If it is impossible to place such information on one line, it is transferred to subsequent ones.

Between the code and the name of the operation, 3 - 4 characters should be left, for example, "2128 Bending".

The choice of the form for recording the name of the operation is determined by the developer of the document.

5.5.1. The full form of recording the names of operations is typical for such technological methods as, for example, soldering, welding, painting, etc., and the corresponding order of information is determined by the CTO tables, for example, “8043. Soldering with ready-made solder in an active gaseous medium is induction.

5.5.2. The short form of recording the name of the operation is established subject to the indication of the abbreviated relevant information in other columns. For example, for the example of the name of the soldering operation indicated in the previous paragraph, there is the following additional information, indicating in one case: about the active gaseous medium, which should be indicated in lines with reference to the service symbol “M” before describing the content of the operation, and in the other case “.. .induction" - information related to the equipment used. Thus, a two-way record of the name of the specified operation in short form is possible:

1st option - “8043. Soldering with ready-made solder ";

2nd option - “8043. Soldering with ready-made solder is induction.

6. Rules for recording information about documents used in transactions

6.1. Recording information about the documents used in the operation is performed in the following two cases:

In a route map, a technological process map, a typical technological process map, a list of parts (assembly units) for a typical (group) technological process (VTP);

In the operating card (OK), the card of a typical (group) operation (CTO), the technological information card (KTI), the list of parts (assembly units) for a typical (group) operation (WTO) - in documents that contain basic information about the operation being performed .

6.2. For the first case, the documents indicate only those documents that disclose the completeness of the process, which include:

List of equipment (VO) forms 2 and 2a; 3 and 3a according to GOST 3.1122;

Picking card (QC) forms 6 and 6a; 7 and 7a according to GOST 3.1123;

Statement of specific consumption rates of materials (VUN) forms 4 and 4a; 5 and 5a according to GOST 3.1123.

6.2.1. VO is developed at the discretion of the document developers and when it is included in the set of documents for the process. A reference to its designation in accordance with GOST 3.1201 should be made for any first operation, before referring to OK and other types of documents.

6.2.2. QC, as a rule, is developed for technological assembly processes. As a rule, it is indicated for the first operation "Picking".

Subject to registration for such VO processes, a corresponding reference to its designation is given before the designation QC.

6.2.3. VUN is developed for technological processes for obtaining coatings and when it is included in the set of documents for the process. A reference to its designation in accordance with GOST 3.1201 should be made to any operation before the corresponding designation of OK and other types of documents.

Table 1

Order of indication	Symbols for types of documents according to GOST 3.1102
	IN; WUN; QC
	MK; KTP; CTTP
	VTP; OK; WHO; WTO; KTI
	TI
	AND FROM

6.6. In documents developed at the stages of "Serial and mass production", it is recommended to provide references to GOST, PCT, OST, STP.

The necessary requirements contained in the specified RD should be reflected in the documents for the processes with reference to the actions performed.

In documents developed at the stages of "Preliminary design", "Prototype (pilot batch)", "Pilot repair", one-time and serial production of products, it is allowed to provide references to enterprise standards.

7. Rules for recording information about jobs

7.1. Information about jobs is indicated in the summary documents for processes (MK, KTP, KTP) and in documents that describe the actions to perform the operation (OK, KTO).

7.2. Job information includes the following data:

Code (designation) of equipment;

Equipment identification;

Equipment model;

Equipment inventory number.

7.3. Recording the code (designation) of the equipment should be performed only for documents processed by computer technology:

For purchased funds - according to the All-Union Classifier of industrial and agricultural products (OKP), for example 381611.ХХХХ vertical milling machine, cantilever;

For designed and manufactured tools at the enterprise itself, where they are used, according to the Classifier of products and design documents of mechanical engineering and instrumentation (ESKD Classifier), for example, ABVG.041613.017 vertical milling machine, console with a copier.

Allowed:

1 Apply coding (designation) of equipment according to industry classifiers, as well as enterprises (organizations).

2 Instead of the code (designation) of the equipment, put down the code of the workplace in accordance with the Classifier developed at the level of the industry or enterprise (organization).

Note - Provided that the information contained in the document is not processed by computer technology, the code (designation) of the equipment should not be affixed. In this case, it is recommended to underestimate this column with other information, for example, the name and model of the equipment.

7.4. The name of the equipment and its model should be recorded in accordance with the equipment passport, for example, "screw-cutting lathe 1K62".

Allowed:

1 In documents, use the name of the equipment in abbreviated form, for example: “Current. screw cutter, st-k "; "Current. st-k.

2 Do not indicate the name of the equipment when specifying its model.

3 Do not indicate the designation of the standard for standardized equipment, subject to the additional introduction of reference data of the ND into the set of documents.

In order to exclude the development and additional introduction of the corresponding form of the document, it is allowed to perform the functions of the LSD on the forms of MK, TI and other documents included in the set of documents of this process. It is allowed not to enter LSD into the set of documents if there are VO, VOB, KK and full designations are reflected in them according to the relevant standards for technological equipment and materials.

An example of the design of MK / LSD is given in the appendix.

7.4.1. Recording the name of the equipment should be done after its code with a gap of 3 - 4 characters.

7.4.2. If it is impossible to place information on its name, model and inventory number on the first line, the specified information can be transferred to the next line (successive lines) without duplicating the service symbol (figure).

Figure 3

7.4.3. The equipment name should be written with a lowercase letter.

7.5. The equipment model should be written in capital letters and numbers (if necessary) of the appropriate size.

7.6. The recording of information on the inventory number of equipment is performed after its name and model in accordance with the accepted system at the enterprise (in the organization) for assigning inventory numbers.

It is allowed not to indicate the inventory number of the equipment, if this is not related to the requirements of production, labor protection, etc.

7.6.1. Recording information on the inventory number of the equipment should be performed with the indication of the data: “inv. No....".

7.6.2. In order to distinguish this information from the previous one, it is allowed to put a “;” sign between them.

8. Rules for recording information about the materials used

8.1. Recording information in the documents about the materials used is performed in full or short form.

In full form, such a record is typical for processes for products (component parts of products) manufactured by cutting, sheet stamping, electrophysical and electrochemical methods, and assembly methods.

8.1.1. The recording of data on materials for the manufacturing processes of products (component parts of products) by cutting, sheet stamping, electrophysical and electrochemical methods is performed with reference to the service symbol "M" in the appropriate columns after the main inscriptions in accordance with the requirements of the relevant standards for the rules for processing documents.

8.1.2. Recording data on materials for processes specialized in assembly methods is performed in the appropriate columns with reference to the service symbol M after specifying data on the components of the product components.

8.1.3. If it is necessary to record data on auxiliary materials, it is performed only after specifying the data on the main materials in the order of their technological application.

8.2. When using standardized basic and auxiliary materials in documents for operations, it is allowed not to indicate the year of registration of the standards when recording their designations, provided that their full designations are indicated in MK, KK or LSD once, for example B20 GOST 2590 / 45 GOST 1050.

8.3. In cases of replacement of the main and auxiliary materials, subject to the constancy of the manufacture of the product or its components, it is allowed to additionally make an entry in the documents on the replaced materials. The corresponding entry can be done:

In the main documents, where data on the main and auxiliary materials are initially given;

In documents that are additionally entered into the set of documents, for example, MK / VM; MK/QC; QC etc.

8.3.1. When specifying data on replaced materials in the main documents, a corresponding entry is made in the lower lines, with symmetrically maintaining the dimensions of the lengths, of the columns above, where data on materials (material) are given.

In order to highlight the replaced materials, before indicating their initial units (“name, grade of material”), the corresponding printed character should be affixed in the form of an “asterisk” - “*” or a capital letter of the Russian alphabet - “З”.

An example of the design of the corresponding form of MK is given in the Appendix.

8.3.2. The following forms of documents should be used as documents additionally included in the set of documents in order to indicate the materials to be replaced:

Figure 4

9.3.1. The development of QC does not exclude the repeated indication of data in the OK for each operation in the operational description of the process.

In the route description of the process, QC is the main document for completing and assembling the product. It is allowed not to develop the QC for these purposes and use the aircraft instead.

9.3.2. The indication of data in the QC and the corresponding OK should be performed in the technological order of their application with reference to the operation (for the general QC) or to the position numbers for each operation.

10. Rules for recording labor information

10.1. Information on labor costs is used in documents for processes (MK; KTP; KTP, etc.) and operations.

In addition to these documents, the initial information on the rationing of the work of performers involved in the implementation of the technological process is contained in technical and rationing cards.

10.1.1. The documents for the processes indicate complete information on labor costs for operations, which is calculated according to the relevant technical-normalization and time cards, as well as according to the calculated data contained in the OK.

10.1.2. Filling in the corresponding columns containing data on labor costs in documents providing for the entry of this information should be carried out in accordance with the existing rules for filling out ND.

10.1.3. The documents for the operation indicate the basic data on the calculation for the operation. Unlike summary documents for the process, they do not contain data on the degree of mechanization (SM); the designation or name of the profession (PROF); the category of performers (P); working conditions (UT); the number of performers involved in the execution of the operation (KR); unit of normalization (EN); piece time coefficient (Ksht.) and batch volume (OP).

10.1.4. The main documents that provide for the possibility of machine processing of information on labor costs are documents for processes.

10.2. Responsibility for calculating labor costs and filling in the corresponding columns in the documents is established at the discretion of the organization - the developer of the documents.

10.2.1. When calculating labor costs by the contractor responsible for the development of a set of documents for the process, in block B2 of the main inscriptions in accordance with GOST 3.1103, one signature should be affixed in the column "Developed".

10.2.2. When calculating data by persons responsible for the development of labor costs, the corresponding signature should be performed in the column "Normir.", Located on the second line of the column "Developed."

10.3. In the conditions of a systematic decrease in data on labor costs without changing the essence of the process, as well as in the case of automated development of documents, it is allowed not to enter them into the documents for the process, but to indicate them in the document additionally introduced into the set of MK / TNK, KTP / TNK, etc.

The specified document must have the designation TNK according to GOST 3.1201 and be located after the summary document for the process.

An example of registration of MK / TNK is given in the appendix.

11. Rules for recording information of a general nature to processes and operations

Information of a general nature to the technological process (operation) is recorded, if necessary, before the description of operations (transitions).

After specifying this information, before describing the first operation (transition), it is recommended to leave two to three lines free.

12. Rules for recording information about the requirements for the actions performed

12.1. Information about the requirements for the actions performed is of a massive nature and is used in documents when describing the content of operations.

12.2. To describe the content of the process (operations) in accordance with GOST 3.1109, the following three types are used:

route;

Operating;

Route-operational.

The description of operations is always performed with reference to the service symbol "O".

12.3. The route description of the TP, in general, should be used in documents for processes performed in experimental and small-scale production types.

Note - These types of production are characterized by a frequent change of production objects, the use of mainly universal-purpose technological equipment and highly skilled workers, which makes it possible to use simplified documentation in such a situation.

12.3.1. The choice of route description of operations is set by the developer of documents.

It is not recommended to use a route description for operations associated with the danger of the work performed, with the reliability of the manufacture of products and their operation, etc., for example, casting, forging, stamping, welding, soldering, heat treatment, etc.

12.3.2. The route description should be used for cutting operations, detachable assembly, and individual actions related to technical control.

Note - The performance of such operations is not associated with strict regulation of modes (with the exception of cutting operations, but in these cases, the qualifications of the performers allow, due to production experience, to independently adjust the equipment for the optimal operating mode).

12.3.3. The sequence of recording the content of the route description operation is as follows:

Keyword;

Additional Information;

Name of production items, treated surfaces and structural elements;

Symbolic designation of surfaces of structural elements and indication of parameters;

Additional Information;

12.3.4. Recording the content of the operation should begin with a keyword that characterizes the action being performed, expressed by the verb in an indefinite form, for example, sharpen, assemble, check, etc.

12.3.4.1. In the second place, if necessary, additional information should be indicated, which means the simultaneous number of processed, assembled (checked, etc.) surfaces of parts (elements of parts), assembled product components, controlled parameters, etc., for example:

"Drill 4 holes..."

"Collect 2 pads...".

12.3.4.2. In the third place, if necessary, they also enter clarifying information characterizing the type of the item of production, the surface to be treated, etc., for example:

"Drill 4 through holes..."

"Install 2 seals..."

Note - Additional information given in and is not binding and is set by the document developer at his own discretion.

12.3.4.3. In the fourth place, and maybe in the 2nd or 3rd place, in the structure of the description of the content of the operation, it is necessary to indicate the name of the items of production, processed surfaces and structural elements, for example:

"Sharpen surfaces..."

"Milling a shaped surface..."

"Reveal two blind holes ...".

12.3.4.4. In the fifth place, they provide for the indication of symbols for surfaces, structural elements and parameters. Under the symbols of surfaces and structural elements, one should understand the corresponding designations used by the developer of documents in order to exclude a text entry, for example:

"Æ" - diameter;

« L" - length;

« AT" - width;

« r» - radius;

"U" is an angle.

l= 7 ± 0.2; l\u003d 12 ± 0.2 ... ";

"To plan a slope, withstanding< 45° ...».

It is allowed in the text for individual dimensions not to give the corresponding symbols for surfaces and structural elements (to indicate length, width, angles, etc.), for example:

“Sharpen surfaces, maintaining Æ 20 -0.21; Æ 42 -0.25; 7 ± 0.2; 12±0.2..."

"Plane the slope, maintaining 45 ° ...".

12.3.4.5. In the sixth place, additional information is provided, which is expressed in the indication of the symbols for radii ( r); chamfer ( With) with data if they appear in the text of the operation content, for example:

“Sharpen surfaces, maintaining Æ 20 -0.21; Æ 42 -0.25; l= 7 ± 0.2; l= 12 ± 0.2 s r= 2…”.

12.3.4.6. In the seventh place, additional information is provided, set at the discretion of the document developer, expressed in the use of the following words: “finally”; "simultaneously"; "by copy"; "by program"; "according to the drawing"; “preliminarily”, etc.

For example, “Sharpen surfaces, maintaining Æ 20 -0.21; Æ 42 -0.25; 7 ± 0.2; 12 ± 0.2 s r 1 = 1,5; r 2 = 2.0 on the copier.

12.3.5. In addition to these proposals, the text of the route description should additionally indicate other requirements for the operation, for example, instructions for auxiliary actions related to the installation of large-sized products on equipment and removal from equipment, reflection of technical control actions, for example:

"Control by the production foreman - 10%, by the contractor - 100%";

“Put the part in a container”, etc.

Note - In the route description of the operation, the text should not reflect information on auxiliary transitions. The exception is actions related to the processing of large mass products and affecting the labor protection of performers.

An example of the design of the technological process of the route description is given in the appendix.

12.4. The operational description of technological processes is typical for documents developed and used in serial and mass production.

12.4.1. The appropriate form of organization of such productions determines the permanent fixing of documents with the most detailed performance of actions for each workplace.

12.4.2. Basically, operating cards (OK) are used to describe operations in these cases.

12.4.3. In the operational description, the entire operation is divided into main and auxiliary transitions.

12.4.4. Transitions should be recorded according to the Classifier of technological transitions in mechanical engineering and instrumentation (KTP) 1 89 187 without indicating their codes.

12.4.4.1. To indicate the sequence numbers of transitions, Arabic numerals should be used in ascending order, for example, 1, 2, 3, etc.

After specifying the transition, put a dot.

12.4.4.2. The beginning of a transition record should begin with a capital letter.

12.4.5. In order to optimize the recording of textual information, it is recommended to use the allowed word abbreviations.

An example of registration of a technological operation using an operational description is given in the appendix.

12.5. The route-operational description of the technological process is typical for enterprises of experimental and small-scale types of production, where both the route and operational description of the technological process are found in the documents, for example, the route-operational description of the welding process, in which most of the process associated with the preparation of component parts for welding , is described in the MK, and operations directly related to welding and tacking are described in OK.

Similar examples can be given for other methods, such as cutting processes, including operations performed on automatic and semi-automatic machines, CNC machines, GPS, etc.

13. Rules for recording information on technological equipment

13.1. Information on technological equipment should be recorded in all documents that describe the content of operations.

The specified information can also be recorded in the summary document on the tooling for the process - in the tooling list (VO) in accordance with GOST 3.1122.

13.2. In documents that describe the content of the operation, information on technological equipment is indicated after the content:

operations - in the route description of the technological process;

transition - in the operational description of the technological process.

13.3. The order of priority for recording information on technological equipment in the documents for the operation and transition is presented in the table.

Table 2

13.4. Basically, information on technological equipment consists of two main parts:

Designations;

Name, model, type of standard designation, etc.

13.4.1. The codes or designation of technological equipment are established by enterprises (organizations) in accordance with the ND and are recorded in the first place in the line of the document with reference to the service symbol "T".

13.4.2. The name of the technological equipment should be indicated in accordance with the available technological passport or regulatory documentation (ND).

In order to shorten the text of the recording of the name of the technological equipment, it is recommended to use the allowed abbreviations and designations.

13.4.3. The code (designation) of the technological equipment should be recorded before its name with an interval of 3-4 characters (figure).

Figure 5

13.4.4. If it is necessary to specify several types of equipment for an operation (transition), it should be indicated in the order of precedence presented in the table.

13.5. In the route description of the technological process, it is allowed not to give instructions on standardized equipment, provided that the organization of production and the qualifications of the performers are appropriate.

13.6. In the event that the same designation of technological equipment is used in other transitions in the operational description of the technological process, in order to reduce the relevant information and avoid duplication, it is allowed to indicate after its name (in the transition where it is used for the first time) in brackets numbers of the corresponding transitions (figure ).

Figure 6

In this case, in subsequent transitions, the corresponding information should not be indicated.

14. Rules for recording information about technological modes

14.1. Information about technological modes is indicated in the operational description of technological processes after recording information about technological equipment with reference to the service symbol "P".

14.2. The recording of data on technological regimes should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant ESTD standards, industry-specific ND and RD of enterprises (organizations).

14.3. Recording the parameters of technological modes is performed by:

In the relevant columns provided for by the forms of documents;

On separate lines with reference to the service symbol "P" and simultaneous indication of data on technological modes and their parameters;

On the lines where the content of technological transitions is recorded with reference to the service symbol "O".

14.3.1. When using specialized forms of documents that provide appropriate columns for indicating technological modes, the value of their parameters is recorded, as a rule, from a new line with reference to the service symbol "P".

In this case, the designations of the corresponding units of quantities should be entered in the columns where they indicate the data on the designation or name of the technological modes (when printing or duplicating document forms) or written down in the lines where the parameters of the modes are indicated.

It is allowed not to indicate the designations of units of quantity in the documents, subject to the development of the relevant normative documents.

14.3.2. When using forms of documents for universal purposes that do not provide columns for indicating data on technological modes, they are performed on a separate line with reference to the service symbol "P" (Figure).

Figure 7

If it is impossible to place information on technological modes on one line, it is allowed to transfer it to the next line (successive lines).

Recording of data on technological modes should be performed through the separator character ";".

14.3.3. When using the operational description of the technological process and the condition for specifying data for only two or three parameters, it is allowed to record such information after the text of the transition content (figure).

Figure 8

If it is impossible to place information on technological modes on the first line, it can be transferred to the next line (next lines).

14.4. In the operational description of the technological process, it is obligatory to record information about technological regimes in the documents.

1

Address information about the technological process

Address information about the operation (operations)

Information about the documents used in the operation

Job Information

Labor Information

Information about the materials used

Information about the component parts of the product

L, N

Information of a general nature to the process and to the operation

Information about the requirements for the actions to be performed

Information about technological equipment

to replace materials I =

2. Time of day

T sushi =

13. Cutting speed

n =

3. Depth (height)

H =

14. Pressing speed

n pres =

4. Pressure

P =

15. Welding speed

Vc =

5. Diameter

D =

16. Temperature

T - PA =

6. Length

L =

17. Stroke angle

Y p .x =

7. Power

N =

18. Effort

F =

U =

19. Frequency

H =

9. Current density

20. Number of revolutions

n =

10. Submission

S =

21. Number of passes

i =

11. Consumption (gas, air)

Q =

22. Electrical capacitance

E =

Key words: technological documentation; general rules; technological information; recording information; technological processes; technological operations

and basic principles for compiling technological

routes for machining workpieces

The whole range of work on the technological preparation of production is regulated by GOST R 50995.3.1–96, which operates in conjunction with GOST R 50995.0.1–96, GOST R 15.000–94, R 50–54–93–88, R 50–297–90, GOST 3.1404–86, GOST 3.1122–84, GOST 3.1105–84, GOST 3.1502–82, GOST 3.1118–82, GOST 3.1109–82, GOST 3.1107–81, GOST 3.1102–81, GOST 3.1001–81.

The development of the technological process is carried out in the following sequence:

analysis of initial data;

determination of the type of production;

determination of the class of the part and selection as an analogue of the existing standard or group technological process;

selection of the initial workpiece and methods of its manufacture;

selection of technological bases;

drawing up a technological processing route;

development of technological operations;

regulation of the technological process;

determination of safety requirements;

calculation of the economic efficiency of the technological process;

registration of technological documentation.

Before proceeding with the design of the technological process of machining, it is necessary to carefully study the assembly drawing of the product and (or) the working drawing of the part with the corresponding manufacturing specifications.

In addition, it is necessary to study such additional design conditions as the presence or absence of equipment on which it is supposed to manufacture the designed product; the possibility of using perfect types of initial blanks, advanced tools and fixtures, etc.

The design of technological processes is a complex multi-variant problem, for the solution of which it is necessary to compose several possible competing processing options.

The final choice of one of the options is made on the basis of calculations and comparison, achieved accuracy, labor intensity, expressed by the norm of piece or piece-calculation time, technological cost and payback period of capital costs. Such a comparison is made both for the most important technological operations and for the entire technological process as a whole.

According to the value of the program task, the coefficient of fixing operations, the type of production, the necessary tact and rhythm of processing workpieces are determined, and a rational technological route for machining is developed.

When compiling a technological route for the machining process of a workpiece, the technologist is guided by the following basic principles.

With a low accuracy of the original workpieces, the technological route begins with roughing the surfaces with the largest allowances. In this case, first of all, the allowance is removed from those surfaces on which casting shells, cracks and other defects are possible, in order to screen out possible defects as soon as possible or eliminate the detected defects by welding, metal surfacing, etc.

In the future, the technological route is built on the principle of processing first coarser and then more accurate surfaces.

The most accurate and (or) easily damaged surfaces (external threads, especially precise ground and finished surfaces) are performed at the final stages of the technological route.

At the end of the technological route, secondary operations are placed (drilling small holes, cutting fastening threads, cutting grooves, chamfering and burring).

When processing workpieces subjected to heat treatment, the technological route provides for additional operations related to the features of heat treatment.

For example, a copper plating operation or an overstock removal operation to remove a hardened layer on surfaces not to be hardened.

The need to detect defects in the first operations in some cases, it forces you to change the processing route of the workpiece.

When assigning technological bases, the technologist is guided by the principle of combination and constancy of bases, that is, the technologist seeks to choose surfaces or a combination of surfaces as technological bases, which are simultaneously design and measurement bases , and tries not to change the technological bases in the process of processing.

In case of a forced change of technological bases and violation of the principle of their combination, it is necessary to recalculate the tolerances and technological dimensions of the workpiece.

In all possible cases, surfaces that are convenient for installation and are not further processed are accepted as draft bases. Draft bases are associated with dimensions or conditions (parallelism, perpendicularity) with the surface or a set of surfaces processed during the first operation, which are subsequently used as technological bases for subsequent operations of processing the workpiece.

In order to reduce spatial deviations in the location of technological bases used in subsequent machining operations, it is desirable in the process of the first operation performed from roughing bases to process all these bases with one setup of the workpiece.

Machine type selection is determined by its ability to meet the technical requirements for the part in terms of the accuracy of its dimensions, shape and surface roughness. If, by the nature of the processing, these requirements can be met on different machines, one or another machine is selected to perform this operation on the basis of the following considerations:

Compliance of the main dimensions of the machine with the overall dimensions of the workpiece being processed;

Compliance with the productivity of the machine to the number of workpieces to be processed during the year;

The most complete use of the machine in terms of power and time;

The least time spent on processing;

The lowest cost of processing;

The lowest price of the machine;

The real possibility of acquiring one or another machine;

The need to use the machines available at the enterprise.

When designing a working technological process, a constructive development of a device is carried out with production of working drawings. This is usually done in the factory fixture design offices.

In single and small-scale production, universal devices are used, which are accessories of machine tools (lathe chucks, vise, dividing universal heads, rotary tables, etc.).

In large-scale and mass production, mainly special devices are used that reduce the auxiliary and main processing time.

Simultaneously with the choice of machine and fixture for each operation, the necessary cutting tool and measuring instruments are selected, ensuring the achievement of high productivity, the required roughness, machining accuracy and control.

When choosing a tool in single-piece and small-scale production, preference is given to normalized cutting and measuring tools made according to the standard or specifications. In large-scale and mass production, preference is given to special measuring tools.

The structure of the operation is chosen by the technologist from the conditions for ensuring the accuracy and roughness specified by the drawing while ensuring the highest productivity and minimum cost of processing. At the same time, the technologist seeks to implement the principle of multi-site parallel or multi-site parallel-sequential processing.

Regardless of the structure chosen by the technologist, operations consist of a combination of processing individual surfaces of workpieces.

INTERSTATE STANDARD

UNIFIED SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION

GENERAL RULES FOR RECORDING TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS

GOST 3.1129-93

GOSSTANDART OF RUSSIA

Moscow

FOREWORD

1. DEVELOPED by the Russian Federation. INTRODUCED by the Technical Secretariat of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification.2. ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification on April 15, 1994. The following voted for the adoption:

State name	Name of the national standardization body
Republic of Armenia	Armstate standard
Republic of Belarus	Belstandard
The Republic of Kazakhstan	State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyzstandart
The Republic of Moldova	Moldovastandard
Russian Federation	Gosstandart of Russia
Turkmenistan	Main State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzgosstandart
Ukraine	State Standard of Ukraine

3. By Resolution of the Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification No. 27 dated January 31, 1995, the interstate standard GOST 3.1129-93 was put into effect directly as the state standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 19964. INSTEAD OF GOST 3.1104-81 in part of section 3.

1 area of ​​use. 2 2. Regulatory references. 2 3. General provisions. 2 4. Rules for recording address information about the technological process. 3 5. Rules for recording address information about the operation (operations). 5 6. Rules for recording information about documents used in transactions. 6 7. Rules for recording information about jobs. 7 8. Rules for recording information about the materials used. 8 9. Rules for recording information about the component parts of the product. 9 10. Rules for recording information about labor costs. 10 11. Rules for recording information of a general nature to processes and operations. 10 12. Rules for recording information about the requirements for the actions performed. 10 13. Rules for recording information on technological equipment. 13 14. Rules for recording information about technological modes. 14 Appendix a (recommended) The composition of information types in relation to service symbols. 15 Annex b (recommended) An example of the design of a sheet of reference data on the form MK (MK / LSD). 15 Application in (recommended) An example of the design of MK / VM to indicate the list of materials that can be replaced. 16 Annex d (recommended) An example of drawing up a summary technical and standardization card for a process performed on the MK (MK / TNK) form. 17 Appendix e (recommended) An example of registration of MK / KTP for a single technological process of cutting a route description. 17 Appendix e (recommended) An example of registration of MK / OK for a single operation of cutting an operational description. 18 Annex g (recommended) A list of accepted symbols for the most frequently encountered data used when recording information on technological regimes. eighteen

GOST 3.1129-93

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Unified system of technological documentation

GENERAL RULES FOR RECORDING TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL DOCUMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS

Unified system for technological documentation. General rules of recording technological information in technological documents for technological processes and operations

Introduction date 1996-01-01

1 AREA OF USE.

This standard establishes general rules for recording technological information in documents for technological processes (TP) and operations of mechanical engineering and instrumentation.

2. REGULATORY REFERENCES.

GOST 2.004-88 ESKD. General requirements for the implementation of design and technological documents on printing and graphic output devices EVM.GOST 3.1102-81 ESTD. Stages of development and types of documents. GOST 3.1103-82 ESTD. Main inscriptions. GOST 3.1105-84 ESTD. Forms and rules for processing general purpose documents. GOST 3.1109-82 ESTD. Terms and definitions of basic concepts. GOST 3.1118-82 ESTD. Forms and rules for issuing route cards. GOST 3.1122-84 ESTD. Forms and rules for drawing up documents for special purposes. Technological sheets. GOST 3.1123-84 ESTD. Forms and rules for processing technological documents used in the regulation of material costs. GOST 3.1201-85 ESTD. Designation system for technological documentation.

3. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

3.1. Technological documents (hereinafter referred to as documents) for technological processes and operations, unlike other types of documentation, differ in the technological information introduced (hereinafter referred to as information). 3.2. The information entered into technological documents is divided into: - information with text divided into columns; - information with continuous text; - graphic information. 3.2.1. Information with text divided into columns can be presented: in the form of information combined into specialized blocks of information with the assignment of a certain service symbol to them, for example, M - for materials, E - for labor costs, etc.; in the form of separate information elements, not tied to service symbols, for example, the code and name of the operation (in operational cards), the designation of the labor protection instruction (IOT), data on the flask, casting, etc. 3.2.2. Solid text information should be used to indicate general requirements for a process or operation, to record the content of operations or transitions, to indicate labor protection requirements, etc. 3.2.3. Graphic information should be used to illustrate the actions to be performed in addition to information with solid text or with text divided into columns. 3.3. Depending on the purpose in information with solid text and information with text divided into columns, the following types of information can be conditionally distinguished: address information about the technological process; address information about the operation (operations); information about the documents used in the operation; information about workplaces ; information about the materials used (main and auxiliary); information about the component parts of the product (parts, assembly units, both own-made and purchased); information about labor costs; information of a general nature to processes and operations; information about the requirements for the actions performed; information about technological equipment; information about technological modes. The composition of these types of information in relation to service symbols (put down on the left side of the document form in front of the line number), depending on the forms of documents used, having a horizontal or vertical arrangement of the fields of the A4 binder, is given in Appendix A .3.4 . Recording information in documents should be done in typewritten, machine, handwritten ways. 3.4.1. Recording information in typewritten and handwritten ways should be performed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 3.1127.3.4.2. Recording information by machine should be performed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2. 004.3.5. The originals (originals) of documents from which it is necessary to obtain copies by means of reprography, including micrography, must meet the requirements established in the relevant regulatory documents (RD).

4. RULES FOR RECORDING ADDRESS INFORMATION ABOUT THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS.

4.1. Address information about the technological process should be indicated on the first sheet of the set of documents. For documents for processes with the letters "A" and "B", this function is performed by the title page (TL) according to GOST 3.1105, for documents for processes with the letters "O" ; "O 1" or "P" - MK or the corresponding forms of maps of technological processes (KTP), and for typical (group) technological processes - the corresponding forms of maps of standard (group) technological processes (KTP) .4.2. Address information about the technological process (hereinafter referred to as address information) includes: information about the designation of the product (or its component) and its name, for which the process was developed in accordance with the design document; ); information on the designation of the set of documents for the process; information on the stage of development of the technological process; information on the name of the set of documents for the technological process; information on the persons involved in the coordination and approval of the set of documents for the process. 4.2.1. When writing in the documents the designation of the product (or its components) and its name, one should proceed from the type of technological process for its organization. For single technological processes (UTP), the relevant information should be selected from design documents. At the same time, it is allowed: in column 2 according to GOST 3.1103, indicate one designation (subject or depersonalized) or two (subject and depersonalized), if this is required by the conditions of technological preparation of production. only the classification characteristic code, which is common to the entire group of parts (assembly units), for example:

Picture 1.

For group technological processes (GTP), the column is not filled in and a dash is indicated in it.

Figure 2.

When recording the name of a product or its component part, it should be borne in mind that: for UTP - the name is indicated according to the relevant design document, taking into account the allowed abbreviations; for TTP - the generalized name of the group of products or their components in the plural is indicated, for example, levers, flanges, shafts and etc.; for GTD - the name of the type of coating, testing, adjustment and adjustment work, etc. is indicated, for example, painting XB-16; fuel chemical tests. Note - When developing TTP (GTP) and using TL, it is allowed to indicate the name in field 3 TL according to GOST 3.1105, without a corresponding entry in column 6 of the main inscription according to GOST 3.1103, for example: “Set of documents for TTP cutting”; “Set of documents for TTP staining with XB-16 enamel”. 4.2.2. Information on TKD should be entered in documents for technological processes developed only for machine building and instrument making parts and subject to their specialization in one technological method, for example, TP for cutting the “shaft” part; TP for “electrochemical cadmium plating”, etc. The code of classification groupings of technological features according to TKD should be put in column 3 of the main inscription (GOST 3.1103). general design and technological features, the technological code should be affixed in full, including the code for the classification groupings of the main features according to the manufacturing method and the code for the classification groupings of features characterizing the type of part. characteristics. For GTP for a group of parts that have different design features and common technological features, the code of classification groupings of the type of part according to the technological method of manufacturing should be affixed. Provided that more than one technological method is included in the technical specification for the part in column 3 th inscription, the code for the dominant method should be affixed. For assembly units, column 3 of the main inscription is not filled in and a dash should be affixed in it. . Information on the designation of a set of documents for the process should be indicated in accordance with GOST 3. 1201.4.2.4. Information on the development stage of the process should be indicated in accordance with GOST 3.1102 in column 5 of the main inscription, starting from the left side, leaving the next two columns for changes. The letter in the documents should basically correspond to the letter of the design document. The exceptions are: 1. Technological documents with the letter "P" ("Preliminary design"), which are developed on the basis of design documents with the letter "E" ("Draft design") or the letter "T" ("Technical design").2. When developing TTP or GTP for a group of parts (assembly units) that have different stages of development of design documents, the corresponding process must be developed taking into account the existing higher stage, for example, the group of parts processed according to TTP includes parts that have letters according to design documents O; O 1 ; About 2; A. The TPP must be developed at stage A.4.2.5. Information on the name of the set of documents for the technological process and information on the persons involved in the coordination and approval of the set of documents for the process using TL should be recorded in accordance with GOST 3.1105. In the absence of TL and used as the first (head) page, types of other documents (MK, KTP , CTTP) the corresponding record of information on the name of the set of documents is not made, but instead of designating the set of documents, the process is indicated by the designation of the type of document on which the technological process is described, for example, for ETP for a part processed using the electrophysical method described on the MK, the designation of the process according to GOST 3.1201 will be - ABVG.10175.00001.

5. RULES FOR RECORDING ADDRESS INFORMATION ABOUT OPERATION(S).

5.1. Address information about the operation (operations) is indicated at the beginning of the document (after the main inscriptions) and includes: reference information at the place where the relevant actions are performed, i.e. designation of the workshop, section, workplace; serial number of the operation; operation code according to the Classifier of technological operations of mechanical engineering and instrument making 1 85 151 (hereinafter referred to as KTO), as well as its name.5.2. Recording information on the designations of the workshop, site and workplace in the documents should be carried out in accordance with the procedure established at the enterprise (in the organization) at the discretion of the document developer. Information on the designation of workplaces is typical for processes and operations performed on a conveyor or automatic lines and, therefore, is filled in at the discretion of the document developer. Under the conditions of processing the information contained in the documents using computer technology, the specified information should be recorded in the form of codes (symbols using a certain value. For example, if the enterprise has more than 9 production workshops (divisions of the enterprise), then their code must be written in two characters, for example, workshop 01; 04; 25, etc. The same condition is also characteristic for the designation of production sites. necessary, are used to number operations developed in addition to or instead of canceled ones, due to a change in the drawing, clarification of the technological process, etc. The numbering of the canceled operation is not applied. For example, operation 15 is canceled in MK and two other operations are introduced instead of it: one of them is assigned number 16, another 17, and number 15 is no longer applicable.5.3.1. under the conditions of processing or designing documents using computer technology, the numbering of operations should be performed with a three-digit number, for example 005; 010; 015, etc. It is allowed to use four-digit numbering, for example 0005; 0010; 0015; 0020, etc. 5.4 The entry of the operation code should be performed in accordance with the CTO. In the absence of an operation in the CTO, reserve codes in the classification tables should be used, followed by notification of the parent organization for maintaining technological classifiers for additional introduction of the operation in the CTO.5.4 .one. The choice of the appropriate operation code should be carried out according to its name, in relation to the technological method, for example, for the name of the operation “cylindrical grinding”, its code according to CTO will be 4130; and for "thermal cutting with oxygen" - 9172, etc. e.5.4.2. To select a code of operations that have a general nature of actions that are not determined by a specific technological method, you should use Table 2 “General operations”, such as “Washing”, “Mixing”, etc. 5.4.3. The entry of the operation code should be performed in the appropriate column of the document before its name, for example: “7381. Spray painting with exposure to solvent vapors. 5.4.4. Recording the operation code should be performed only in cases where the information in the documents is processed by computer technology.5.5. The name of the operation should be recorded according to CTO in full or short form after the operation code with a capital letter at the bottom of the line (leaving the upper part for making changes). If it is impossible to place such information on one line, it is transferred to subsequent ones. Between the code and the name of the operation should leave 3 - 4 characters, for example, “2128. Bending". The choice of the form for recording the name of the operation is determined by the developer of the document. 5.5.1. The full form of recording the names of operations is typical for such technological methods as, for example, soldering, welding, painting, etc., and the corresponding order of information is determined by the CTO tables, for example, “8043. Soldering with ready-made solder in an active gaseous medium is induction. 5.5.2. The short form of recording the name of the operation is established subject to the indication of the abbreviated relevant information in other columns. For example, for the example of the name of the soldering operation indicated in the previous paragraph, there is the following additional information, which indicates in one case: about the active gaseous medium, which should be indicated in lines with reference to the service symbol “M” before describing the content of the operation, and in the other “. .. induction” - information related to the equipment used. Thus, a 2-variant record of the name of the specified operation in short form is possible: 1st variant - “8043. Soldering with ready-made solder "; 2nd option -" 8043. Soldering with ready-made solder is induction.

6. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT DOCUMENTS USED IN OPERATIONS.

6.1. Recording information about the documents used in the operation is carried out in the following two cases: in the route chart, the process flow chart, the standard process chart, the list of parts (assembly units) for the standard (group) process (VTP); in the operating chart (OK), map of a typical (group) operation (KTO), a map of technological information (KTI), a list of parts (assembly units) for a typical (group) operation (WTO) - in documents that contain basic information about the operation being performed. 6.2. For the first case, the documents contain the designations of only those documents that disclose the completeness of the process, which include: a list of equipment (VO) forms 2 and 2a; 3 and 3a according to GOST 3.1122; picking card (QC) of form 6 and 6a; 7 and 7a according to GOST 3.1123; sheet of specific consumption rates of materials (VUN) forms 4 and 4a; 5 and 5a according to GOST 3.1123.6.2.1. The VO is developed at the discretion of the document developers and, if it is included in the set of documents for the process, a reference to its designation in accordance with GOST 3.1201 should be made for any first operation, before referring to OK and other types of documents. 6.2.2. QC, as a rule, is developed for technological assembly processes. As a rule, it is indicated for the first operation “Picking”. If the VO is issued for such processes, the corresponding reference to its designation is given before the designation KK.6.2.3. VUN is developed for technological processes for obtaining coatings and when it is included in the set of documents for the process. A reference to its designation in accordance with GOST 3.1201 should be made to any operation before the corresponding designation of OK and other types of documents. 6.3. Documents containing basic information about the operation being performed (OK, KTO, KTI, WTO, etc.) should provide appropriate references to the designations of documents in accordance with GOST 3.1201, which the contractor should be guided by when performing the operation. Such documents include: " Technological instructions "(TI) for the preparation of technological equipment for work and operation, for the preparation of solutions, mixtures, compounds and other materials; TI for typical actions, etc.;" Instructions for labor protection ".6.4. The documents given in 6.3 should not be duplicated in the summary documents for processes.6.5. The order of references to the designations of the types of documents included in the set of documents for the process according to their hierarchy is given in Table 1.

Table 1

Order of indication	Symbols for types of documents according to GOST 3.1102
	IN; WUN; QC
	MK; KTP; CTTP
	VTP; OK; WHO; WTO; KTI

6.6. In the documents developed at the stages of “Serial and mass production”, it is recommended to provide references to GOST, PCT, OST, STP. "Preliminary design", "Prototype (pilot batch)", "Pilot repair", one-time and serial production of products, it is allowed to provide references to enterprise standards.

7. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT JOBS.

7.1. Information about jobs is indicated in the summary documents for processes (MK, KTP, KTP) and in documents that describe the actions to perform the operation (OK, KTO). 7.2. Information about workplaces includes the following data: equipment code (designation); equipment name; equipment model; equipment inventory number. 7.3. Recording the code (designation) of equipment should be performed only for documents processed by computer technology: for purchased funds - according to the All-Union Classifier of Industrial and Agricultural Products (OKP), for example: 381611.ХХХХ vertical milling machine, console; for designed and manufactured tools on the enterprise itself, where they are used, according to the Classifier of products and design documents of mechanical engineering and instrument making (ESKD Classifier), for example: ABVG.041613.017 vertical milling machine, console with a copier. Allowed: 1. Apply coding (designation) of equipment according to industry classifiers, as well as enterprises (organizations) .2. Instead of the code (designation) of the equipment, put down the code of the workplace in accordance with the Classifier developed at the level of the industry or enterprise (organization). Note - Provided that the information contained in the document is not processed by computer technology, the code (designation) of the equipment should not be affixed. In this case, it is recommended to underestimate this column with other information, for example, the name and model of the equipment.7.4. The name of the equipment and its model should be recorded in accordance with the equipment passport, for example, “1K62 screw-cutting lathe”. Allowed: 1. In documents, use the name of the equipment in an abbreviated form, for example: “Current. screw cutter, st-k "; "Current. st-k. 2. Do not indicate the name of the equipment when indicating its model.3. Do not indicate the designation of the standard for standardized equipment, subject to the additional introduction of ND reference data into the set of documents. It is allowed not to enter LSD into the set of documents if there are VO, VOB, KK and full designations are reflected in them according to the relevant standards for technological equipment and materials. An example of the design of MK / LSD is given in Appendix B.7.4.1. Recording the name of the equipment should be done after its code with a gap of 3 - 4 characters. 7.4.2. If it is impossible to place information on its name, model and inventory number on the first line, this information can be transferred to the next line (successive lines) without duplicating the service symbol (Figure 3).

Figure 3

7.4.3. Recording the name of the equipment should be done with a lowercase letter.7.5. Recording the equipment model should be done in capital letters and numbers (if necessary) of the appropriate size.7.6. Recording information on the inventory number of the equipment is performed after its name and model in accordance with the accepted system at the enterprise (in the organization) for assigning inventory numbers. It is allowed not to indicate the inventory number of the equipment if this is not related to the requirements of production, labor protection, etc. .7.6.1. Recording information on the inventory number of the equipment should be performed with the indication of the data: “inv. No. ... "7.6.2. In order to distinguish this information from the previous one, it is allowed to put a “;” sign between them.

8. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT THE MATERIALS USED.

8.1. Recording information in documents about the materials used is performed in full or short form. In full form, such a record is typical for processes for products (component parts of products) manufactured by cutting, sheet stamping, electrophysical and electrochemical methods, assembly methods. 8.1.1. The recording of data on materials for the processes of manufacturing products (component parts of products) by cutting, sheet stamping, electrophysical and electrochemical methods is performed with reference to the service symbol "M" in the appropriate columns after the main inscriptions in accordance with the requirements of the relevant standards for the rules for processing documents. 8.1.2. Recording data on materials for processes specialized in assembly methods is performed in the appropriate columns with reference to the service symbol "M" after indicating data on the components of the product components. 8.1.3. If it is necessary to record data on auxiliary materials, it is performed only after specifying the data on the main materials in the order of their technological application. 8.2. When using standardized basic and auxiliary materials in documents for operations, it is allowed not to indicate the year of registration of the standards when recording their designations, provided that their full designations are indicated once in MK, KK or LSD, for example, B20 GOST 2590/45 GOST 1050.8.3. In cases of replacement of the main and auxiliary materials, subject to the constancy of the manufacture of the product or its components, it is allowed to additionally make an entry in the documents on the replaced materials. The corresponding entry can be made: in the main documents, where data on the main and auxiliary materials are initially given; in documents additionally entered into the set of documents, for example, MK / VM; MK/QC; QC, etc. 8.3.1. When specifying data on replaced materials in the main documents, an appropriate entry is made in the lower lines, with symmetrically maintaining the dimensions of the lengths of the columns above, where data on materials (material) are given. In order to highlight the replaced materials before indicating their original units (“name, grade of material ”), the corresponding printed character should be affixed in the form of an “asterisk” - “*” or a capital letter of the Russian alphabet - “З”. An example of the design of the corresponding form of the MK is given in Appendix 8.3.2. As documents additionally entered into the set of documents in order to indicate the materials to be replaced, the following forms of documents should be used: - MK / VM (forms 1, 1b, 3, 3b according to GOST 3. 1118) with a possible replacement of materials for cutting processes, sheet stamping, electrophysical and electrochemical processing methods; - MK / VM or MK / KK (forms 2 and 1b, 4, 3b according to GOST 3.1118) or KK (forms 6 and 6a according to GOST 3.1123) with the possible replacement of the main and auxiliary materials for the processes of assembly methods. 8.3.3. With the additional introduction of MK / VM or MK / KK into the set of documents, they should be placed immediately after the MK with a corresponding reference to any first operation (in the “Document designation” column) to the designation of this document. When designating documents in accordance with GOST 3.1201, one should proceed not from the form of the document used, but on the function it performs, for example, the designation MK / VM - ABVG.43000.00015; MK / KK - ABVG.30190.00043.

9. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT COMPONENT COMPONENT PARTS OF THE PRODUCT.

9.1. Information about the component parts of the product is typical for documents developed for assembly technological processes, is the main one and, therefore, is recorded in operations before indicating information about materials.9.2. The specified information includes: - name of the part (assembly unit); - designation, code of the part (assembly unit); - designation of the enterprise unit (OPP), from where the component parts of the product come to the assembly (warehouse, component department); - unit code or unit of quantity (EU); - unit of rationing (EN); - the number of components included in the product (CI). The rules for recording such information are given in the relevant ND on document forms. 9.3. Information about the component parts of the product is indicated in the document for the process (operation) in the QC (OK) or in other types of documents. If necessary, in the column before the name of the part (assembly unit), it is allowed to indicate the position number, which in one case may correspond to the drawing, and in the other, it is set by the developer of documents according to the map of sketches. Position numbers should be written in Arabic numerals. After specifying the number, a dot should be put down (Figure 4).

Figure 4

9.3.1. The development of the QC does not exclude the repeated indication of data in the OK for each operation in the operational description of the process. In the route description of the process, the QC is the main document for completing and assembling the product. It is allowed not to develop QC for these purposes and use BC.9.3.2 instead. The indication of data in the QC and the corresponding OK should be performed in the technological order of their application with reference to the operation (for the general QC) or to the position numbers for each operation.

10. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ON LABOUR.

10.1. Information on labor costs is used in documents for processes (MK; KTP; KTP, etc.) and operations. In addition to these documents, the initial information on the rationing of the work of performers involved in the implementation of the technological process is contained in technical and rationing cards. 10.1.1. The documents for the processes indicate complete information on labor costs for operations, which is calculated according to the relevant technical-normalization and time cards, as well as according to the calculated data contained in OK.10.1.2. Filling in the corresponding columns containing data on labor costs in documents providing for the entry of this information should be performed in accordance with the existing rules for filling in according to ND.10.1.3. In the documents for the operation, the basic data on the calculation for the operation are indicated. Unlike summary documents for the process, they do not contain data on the degree of mechanization (SM); the designation or name of the profession (PROF); the category of performers (P); working conditions (UT); the number of performers involved in the execution of the operation (KR); unit of normalization (EN); piece time coefficient (Ksht.) and batch volume (OP) .10.1.4. The main documents that provide for the possibility of machine processing of information on labor costs are documents for processes. 10.2. Responsibility for calculating labor costs and filling in the corresponding columns in the documents is established at the discretion of the organization - the developer of the documents. 10.2.1. When calculating labor costs by the contractor responsible for the development of a set of documents for the process, in block B2 of the main inscriptions in accordance with GOST 3.1103, one signature should be affixed in the “Development” column. 10.2.2. When calculating the data by persons responsible for the development of labor costs, the corresponding signature should be performed in the column "Normir.", Located on the second line of the column "Developed." 10.3. In the context of a systematic decrease in data on labor costs without changing the essence of the process, as well as in the case of automated development of documents, it is allowed not to enter them into the documents for the process, but to indicate in the document additionally introduced into the kit MK / TNK, KTP / TNK, etc. The specified document should have the designation TNK according to GOST 3.1201 and be located after the summary document for the process. The corresponding reference to its designation should be made in the MK (KTP, KTP ...) for any first operation in the column "Document designation" (after VO, KK, VUD). An example of registration of MK / TNK is given in Appendix D.

11. RULES FOR RECORDING GENERAL INFORMATION TO PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS.

Information of a general nature to the technological process (operation) is written down, if necessary, before the description of operations (transitions). After specifying this information, it is recommended to leave two to three lines free before the description of the first operation (transition).

12. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ON REQUIREMENTS FOR ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT.

12.1. Information about the requirements for the actions performed is of a massive nature and is used in documents when describing the content of operations. 12.2. To describe the content of the process (operations) in accordance with GOST 3.1109, the following three types are used: - route; - operational; - route-operational. The description of operations is always performed with reference to the service symbol "O". 12.3. The route description of the TP, in general, should be used in documents for processes performed in experimental and small-scale production types. Note - These types of production are characterized by a frequent change of production objects, the use of mainly universal-purpose technological equipment and highly skilled workers, which makes it possible to use simplified documentation in such a situation. 12.3.1. The choice of a route description of operations is set by the developer of documents. It is not recommended to use a route description for operations associated with the danger of the work performed, with the reliability of the manufacture of products and their operation, etc., for example, casting, forging, stamping, welding, soldering, heat treatment etc.12.3.2. The route description should be used for cutting operations, detachable assembly, and individual actions related to technical control. Note - The performance of such operations is not associated with strict regulation of modes (with the exception of cutting operations, but in these cases, the qualifications of the performers allow, due to production experience, to independently adjust the equipment for the optimal operating mode). 12.3.3. The sequence of recording the contents of the route description operation is as follows: - keyword; - additional information; - name of production items, processed surfaces and structural elements; - symbolic designation of surfaces of structural elements and indication of parameters; - additional information; - additional information. 12.3.4. The record of the content of the operation should begin with a keyword that characterizes the action performed, expressed by the verb in an indefinite form, for example, sharpen, assemble, check, etc. 12.3.4.1. In the second place, if necessary, additional information should be indicated, which means the simultaneous number of processed, assembled (checked, etc.) surfaces of parts (elements of parts), assembled components of the product, controlled parameters, etc., for example: “Drill 4 holes..." "Assemble 2 spacers. ..”12.3.4.2. In the third place, if necessary, also enter clarifying information characterizing the type of product, surface to be treated, etc., for example: "Drill 4 through holes ..." "Install 2 sealing gaskets ..." Note - Additional information, given in 12.3.4.2 and 12.3.4.3 is not mandatory and is set by the developer of documents at his own discretion. items of production, surfaces to be machined and structural elements, for example: "Sharpen surfaces..." "Milling a shaped surface..." "Expand two blind holes..." 12.3.4.4. elements and parameters.Under the symbols of surfaces and structural elements, one should understand the corresponding designations used by the developer for documents in order to exclude a text entry, for example: "Æ" - diameter; L" - length;" AT" - width;" r"- radius; "U" - angle. It is recommended to indicate such information with an additional word - "withstanding ...", for example: "Sharpen surfaces, withstanding Æ 20 -0.21; Æ 42 -0.25; l= 7 ± 0.2; l\u003d 12 ± 0.2 ... ";" Plan the slope, maintaining< 45° ...».Допускается в тексте для отдельных размеров не приводить соответствующие условные обозначения поверхностей и конструктивных элементов (для указания длины, ширины, углов и т. д.), например:«Точить поверхности, выдерживая Æ 20 -0,21 ; Æ 42 -0,25 ; 7 ± 0,2; 12 ± 0,2 ...»«Строгать уклон, выдерживая 45° ...».12.3.4.6. На шестом месте предусматривают указание дополнительной информации, которая выражается в указании условных обозначении радиусов (r); chamfer ( With) with data, if they are found in the text of the content of the operation, for example: “Sharpen surfaces, maintaining Æ 20 -0.21; Æ 42 -0.25; l= 7 ± 0.2; l= 12 ± 0.2 s r= 2…”.12.3.4.7. In the seventh place, additional information is provided, set at the discretion of the document developer, expressed in the use of the following words: “finally”; "simultaneously"; "by copy"; "by program"; "according to the drawing"; “previously”, etc. For example, “Sharpen surfaces, maintaining Æ 20 -0.21; Æ 42 -0.25; 7 ± 0.2; 12 ± 0.2 s r 1 = 1,5; r 2 = 2.0 by copier.”12.3.5. In addition to these proposals, the text of the route description should additionally indicate other requirements for the operation, for example, instructions for auxiliary actions related to the installation of large-sized products on equipment and removal from equipment, reflection of technical control actions, for example: “Control by a production foreman - 10 %, by the performer - 100%"; "Put the part in a container", etc. Note - When the route description of the operation, the text should not reflect information on auxiliary transitions. The exception is actions related to the processing of large mass products and affecting the labor protection of performers. An example of the design of the technological process of the route description is given in Appendix D.12.4. The operational description of technological processes is typical for documents developed and used in serial and mass production types. 12.4.1. The appropriate form of organization of such productions determines the permanent fixing of documents with the most detailed performance of actions for each workplace. 12.4.2. Basically, operational cards (OK) are used to describe operations in these cases. 12.4.3. In the operational description, the entire operation is divided into main and auxiliary transitions. 12.4.4. Transitions should be recorded according to the Classifier of technological transitions in mechanical engineering and instrumentation (KTP) 1 89 187 without indicating their codes. 12.4.4.1. To indicate the sequence numbers of transitions, Arabic numerals should be used in ascending order, for example, 1, 2, 3, etc. After indicating the transition, a period should be put. 12.4.4.2. The beginning of a transition entry should begin with a capital letter.12.4.4.3. The content of the transition should always be written in a short form and the duplication of the information contained in the operation should be excluded. 12.4.5. In order to optimize the recording of textual information, it is recommended to use the allowed word abbreviations. An example of processing a technological operation using an operational description is given in Appendix E.12.5. The route-operational description of the technological process is typical for enterprises of experimental and small-scale types of production, where both the route and operational description of the technological process are found in the documents, for example, the route-operational description of the welding process, in which most of the process associated with the preparation of component parts for welding , is described in the MK, and operations directly related to welding and tacking are described in OK. Similar examples can be given for other methods, such as cutting processes, including operations performed on automatic and semi-automatic machines, CNC machines, GTTS, etc.

13. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ON TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT.

13.1. Information on technological equipment should be recorded in all documents that describe the content of operations. The specified information can also be recorded in the summary document on equipment for the process - in the equipment list (VO) in accordance with GOST 3.1122.13.2. In documents that describe the content of the operation, the indication of information on technological equipment is performed after the content: operation - in the route description of the technological process; transition - in the operational description of the technological process. 13.3. The order of priority for recording information on technological equipment in the documents for the operation and transition is presented in Table 2.

table 2

13.4. Basically, information on technological equipment consists of two main parts: designation; name, model, type of standard designation, etc. 13.4.1. The codes or designation of technological equipment are established by enterprises (organizations) in accordance with the RD and are recorded in the first place in the line of the document with reference to the service symbol "T". 13.4.2. The name of the tooling should be indicated in accordance with the available technological passport or regulatory documentation (ND). In order to shorten the text of the record of the name of the tooling, it is recommended to use the allowed abbreviations and designations. 13.4.3. The entry of the code (designation) of technological equipment should be performed before its name with an interval of 3-4 characters (Figure 5).

Figure 5

13.4.4. If it is necessary to specify several types of equipment for an operation (transition), it should be indicated in the order of priority presented in Table 2.13.5. In the route description of the technological process, it is allowed not to give instructions on standardized equipment, subject to the appropriate organization of production and the qualifications of the performers. 13.6. In the event that the same designation of technological equipment is used in other transitions in the operational description of the technological process, in order to reduce the relevant information and avoid duplication, it is allowed to indicate after its name (in the transition where it is used for the first time) in brackets numbers of the corresponding transitions (Figure 6).

Figure 6

In this case, in subsequent transitions, the corresponding information should not be indicated.

14. RULES FOR RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT TECHNOLOGICAL MODES.

14.1. Information about technological modes is indicated in the operational description of technological processes after recording information about technological equipment with reference to the service symbol "P".14.2. The recording of data on technological regimes should be performed in accordance with the requirements of the relevant ESTD standards, industry-specific ND and RD of enterprises (organizations). 14.3. The recording of the parameters of technological modes is performed: in the appropriate columns provided for by the forms of documents; on separate lines with reference to the service symbol "P" and simultaneous indication of data on technological modes and their parameters; on the lines where the content of technological transitions is recorded with reference to the service symbol "O".14.3.1. When using specialized forms of documents that provide appropriate columns for indicating technological modes, the values ​​of their parameters are usually recorded from a new line with reference to the service symbol “P”. In this case, the designations of the corresponding units of quantities should be entered in the columns where the data are indicated by the designation or name of technological modes (when printing or duplicating document forms) or write them down in the lines where the parameters of the modes are indicated. When using forms of documents for universal purposes that do not provide columns for indicating data on technological modes, they are performed on a separate line with reference to the service symbol "P" (Figure 7).

Figure 7

If it is impossible to place information on technological modes on one line, it can be transferred to the next line (successive lines). Recording of data on technological modes should be done through the separator character ";". 14.3.3. When using the operational description of the technological process and the condition for specifying data for only two or three parameters, it is allowed to record such information after the text of the transition content (Figure 8).

Figure 8

If it is impossible to place information on technological modes on the first line, it may be transferred to the next line (next lines). 14.4. In the operational description of the technological process, it is obligatory to record information about technological modes in the documents. Appendix G shows the approximate composition of the symbols for these technological modes used in documents for the operational description of technological processes.

The composition of information types in relation to service symbols.

Number of information subgroups	Name of information subgroups	Location of the binder margin in the document		Service symbol designation
		horizontal	vertical
	Address information about the technological process
	Address information about the operation (operations)
	Information about the documents used in the operation
	Job Information
	Labor Information
	Information about the materials used
	Information about the component parts of the product
	Information of a general nature to the process and to the operation
	Information about the requirements for the actions to be performed
	Information about technological equipment
	Information about technological regimes
Note - The composition of the information indicated in the table is given on the example of MK forms used as universal documents that provide the possibility of using instead of other types.

EXAMPLE OF DESIGNING A SHEET OF REFERENCE DATA ON THE FORM OF MK (MK / LSD).

LIST OF ACCEPTED SYMBOLS OF THE MOST COMMON DATA USED IN RECORDING INFORMATION ON TECHNOLOGICAL MODES.

Name of the technological mode element
1. Time
2. Time of day	Tsushi =
3. Depth (height)
4. Pressure
5. Diameter
6. Length
7. Power
8. Voltage
9. Current density
10. Submission
11. Consumption (gas, air)
12. Current
13. Cutting speed
14. Pressing speed	Vpress =
15. Welding speed
16. Temperature	T - PA =
17. Stroke angle	YR .X =
18. Effort
19. Frequency
20. Number of revolutions

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General rules for the development of technological processes are determined by GOST 14.301–83.

This GOST established three types of technological processes: single, typical and group.

A technological process is developed for the manufacture or repair of a product or for the improvement of an existing technological process. The developed technological process must be progressive. The progressivity of the technological process is assessed by the indicator established by the industry system of certification of technological processes. The technological process must comply with the requirements of safety and industrial sanitation.

Documents for technological processes should be drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the standards of the "Unified System of Technological Documentation" (ESTD). Initial information for the development of technological processes is divided into basic, which includes the data contained in the design documentation for the product, and the release program for this product; guide, containing data that are in the following documents: industry standards that establish requirements for technological processes, as well as standards for equipment and tooling; documentation for existing single, standard and group technological processes; classifiers of technical and economic information; production instructions; materials for the choice of technological standards (processing modes, allowances, material consumption rates, etc.); documentation on safety and industrial sanitation; reference, including data contained in the following documents: descriptions of advanced manufacturing and repair methods; catalogs, passports, directories, albums; production site plans.

The main stages in the development of technological processes are: analysis of the initial data; selection of an existing standard, group technological process or search for an analogue of a single process; selection of the initial workpiece and methods of its manufacture; selection of technological bases; drawing up a technological processing route; development of technological operations; regulation of the technological process; determination of safety requirements; calculation of the economic efficiency of the technological process; design of technological processes.

A typical technological process must be rational in specific production conditions and developed on the basis of an analysis of a variety of existing and possible technological processes for the production of typical representatives of product groups. The typification of technological processes is based on the classification of production facilities and is carried out at three levels: state, industry and enterprise. The classifier of parts (products) must be created using a computer. For this purpose, the following design information must be entered into the computer memory: the number of the drawing of the part, the type and grade of the material and its mass, the overall dimensions of the part; type of surfaces - plane, cylinder, hole, thread, jagged surface, ball, curved surface, etc. and their dimensions; surface roughness and processing accuracy and other parameters. All of these parameters must be encoded.

Sorting these parameters (from highest to lowest) makes it possible to create groups of parts similar in design and processing technology, for which it is possible to use standard technological processes that are the basis for the development of specific processes.

The main stages in the development of typical technological processes are defined by GOST 14.303–73*; these include: classification of production objects, their quantitative assessment and analysis of the designs of typical representatives; choice of workpiece and methods of its manufacture; selection of technological bases and type of processing; development of technological route and operations; calculation of accuracy, productivity and economic efficiency of options and design of standard technological processes.

The necessity of each stage, the composition of tasks and the sequence of their solution are determined by the developer of a typical technological process.

A typical technological process can be operational, reflecting the progressive state of technology at the present time, and promising, providing for its further improvement, taking into account the development of science and technology in the field of technology.

A further development of the typification of technological processes is the development of group technology2, which is most effective for small batches of machined parts and frequent changeovers of equipment.

The group technological process is intended for the joint production or repair of a group of products of various configurations.

It should consist of a complex of group technological operations performed at specialized workplaces in the sequence of a technological route for the manufacture of a certain group of products. When developing group technological operations, it is necessary to provide for a sufficient amount of their total labor intensity for work without readjustment of technological equipment (only partial readjustment is allowed).

The basis for the development of a group technological process and the choice of common means of technological equipment is a complex product, which can be one of the products of the group or artificially created (conditional).

Group technological processes and operations are developed for all types of production only at the enterprise level in accordance with the requirements of GOST 14.301–83* and GOST 14.316–75*.

Initial information for the development of group technological processes and operations is determined in accordance with GOST 14.303–73*. Guidance information should additionally include data contained in existing group technological processes and operations, classifiers of products, equipment and tooling. Reference information should be contained in the documentation for the current standard and single technological processes, in the descriptions of progressive processing methods, as well as in the statements of labor intensity of products and other regulatory materials.

The main stages in the development of group technological processes include the analysis of initial data, the grouping of products, the quantitative assessment of groups of objects, and the regulation of the technological process. The remaining stages are similar to the main stages of the development of standard technological processes, defined by GOST 14.303–73*.

The rules for organizing group production are determined by GOST.

Specialized subdivisions of group production may include workshops and sections of group production and group production lines.

Batch technology creates conditions for the use of mass and large-scale production methods, even with a small number of production of each individual product, which allows you to use all the advantages of mass and large-scale production.

The use of standard and group technological processes allows to increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of production through the use of the most advanced technological equipment, the production process as a whole and tooling. At the same time, the number of various technological routes, labor intensity and duration of technological preparation of production are reduced.