Geography of the Czech Republic and maps. Nature, plants and animals of the Czech Republic Virgin forest Beskydy
The nature of the state of the Czech Republic is represented by relic and endemic species of plants and animals. The temperate continental climate with sufficient rainfall contributed to the appearance of a large number of forest areas represented by coniferous and broad-leaved tree species.
Main natural areas Czech Republic - these are the regions altitudinal zonality, forest and forest-steppe. Extensive woodland creates good conditions for living numerous kinds wild animals.
Flora of the Czech Republic
A third of the territory of the Czech Republic is occupied by coniferous, broad-leaved and mixed forests. In mountainous areas and plateaus, massifs of coniferous trees (Bavarian massif) are more common. More than 60% is occupied by spruce, about 20% by pine. Broad-leaved forests, including oak groves, occupy a small part of the lowlands.
The zonation of forests is determined by the peculiarities of the climate. Broad-leaved tree species can only grow in temperate climates with sufficient precipitation. In the mountains climatic conditions change sharply with height - the amount of precipitation increases markedly and the air temperature decreases. Alpine meadows, creeping shrubs and crooked forests are located on the tops of mountain ranges. The foothills of the mountains are covered with coniferous trees, which normally tolerate the climate of altitudinal zonation.
The large-leaved linden, which grows on the plains and in the forest-steppe, is considered to be the symbol of the Czech Republic. It is assumed that the oldest linden, which was discovered in the state, is already more than 500 years old. The middle elevations are dominated by yew, elm, beech, white fir and alder. Herbs include Hungarian buckwheat, alpine sow thistle, mountain lilies, buttercups and yellow drones.
Animal world of the Czech Republic
In a wooded area with temperate climate excellent conditions are created for the residence of various representatives of the fauna. Wolves, foxes, beavers, hares, squirrels and weasels live in the forests of North Bohemia. In 2013, in the Swiss part of the Czech Republic were seen brown bears. Populations of the country's main predatory animal, the lynx, are seen almost throughout the entire territory of the state. A large number of food and the absence of natural threats contribute to rapid reproduction lynx. The predator hunts for hares, squirrels, weasels, marsh and forest birds.
In addition to lynxes, the forest fauna of the Czech Republic is represented red deer, wild boars, roe deer, martens, sables, small rodents and ungulates. The world of birds is also rich: there are pheasants, woodpeckers, partridges, eagles, capercaillie, storks, tits, sparrows, flycatchers, blackbirds, jays, cuckoos and many other representatives of birds.
In the rivers and lakes of the Czech Republic are found freshwater species fish: pike, roach, crucian carp, carp, tench, bream and rudd.
Rare species of fauna are listed in the Red Book of the Czech Republic and are carefully protected. Endemic animals, whose populations are on the verge of extinction, live in biosphere national and natural reserves, as well as in special park areas.
1. Bohemian Switzerland National Park is one of the most beautiful places in Europe
Czech Switzerland is the youngest national park in the Czech Republic. It was officially opened on January 1, 2000. The area of the park covers 79 km2. It is located in the Ustets region and is adjacent to the state border, where another national park begins - Saxon Switzerland. The main attraction of the park is a unique rock city. Here, tourists visit the observation deck at Jetrchihovitsy, admire the Kamenice gorge and pass along the natural rock bridge Pravcické bran, which is considered a symbol of Czech Switzerland. Numerous monuments of folk architecture can be seen along the perimeter of the park.
Website: www.ceskesvycarsko.cz
Address: Pražská 52, 407 46 Krasná Lipa
GPS: 50.914085 14.509806
Czech Switzerland, kudyznudy.cz
2. Meander Ploucnica Nature Park
This national park, located along the banks of the Ploucnica River between the towns of Mimon and Ceska Lipa, covers an area of 270 hectares. The greatest interest in this park are endless meadow forests and fields with different types plants and animals. The nature in this area is untouched, there are not even paths near the river: therefore, boat tourism is popular in the reserve.
Address: Meandry Ploučnice, 471 23 Zakupy
GPS: 50.633161 14.670934
Plouchnitsa meanders
3. Czech Grand Canyon - Big America
The famous western Lemonade Joe was filmed at this location. Once upon a time, objectionable political prisoners were also taken here. All of these are the Vapensov Canyons, which are called Great and Little America. It's incredible beautiful place located near the Karlstejn fortress in the Czech Karst, but not all tourists visiting the castle get to it.
Website: www.karlstejnsko.cz
Address: Karlstejn 334, 267 18 Karlstejn
GPS: 49.957515 14.194851
Canyon Velka-Amerika, kudyznudy.cz
4. Rock city Adrspach
The largest rock city in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Adrspach-Teplice Rocks, the largest natural complex in Central Europe, which has been inspiring tourists and travelers since the 18th century. You will not see such a number of picturesque corners as in the Adrspach-Teplice Rocks almost anywhere. Hiking trails lead to many bizarre rock formations, some can only be reached by stairs. Those who overcome all the steps will be able to admire mountain lake and the Adrshpashsky waterfall. Right at the entrance to the complex there is another lake, on which you can ride a boat in summer (50 CZK per person).
Entrance to the park: 70 CZK
Website: www.adrspach.cz
Address: Dolni Adršpach čp. 26, 549 57 Adršpach
GPS: 50.614957 16.122890
Adrspach, kudyznudy.cz
5. Chałupska slav - a lake in the largest peat bog in the Czech Republic
Lake Chałupska slát is located at the mouth of the Vydri stream at an altitude of 910 meters. Oaks, spruces and numerous other plants grow around the largest peat lake in the Czech Republic. A small educational trail leads through the swamp to the lake, on which floating islands appear. You can get to the lake by asphalt and a wooden path, along which there are many information boards.
Website: www.npsumava.cz
Address: Borová Lada-Svinná Lada 21, 385 01 Borová Lada
GPS: 48.998611 13.659167
Lake Chałupska send, kudyznudy.cz
6. Mshinske nicknames - giant rocky mushrooms in the Giant Mountains
Sandstone pillars near Mshen look like huge mushrooms. They appeared naturally as a result of weathering due to the fact that top part rocks with a higher iron content resisted erosion better than the lower one. You can see this beauty in the nature reserve Kokorzhinski Dol - one of the largest national parks Czech Republic.
Address: Mšeno
GPS: 50.438015 14.631287
Mshenske nicknames, kudyznudy.cz
7. The Devil's Pulpit in the Rychleb Mountains is one of the most beautiful viewing platforms in the Czech Republic
The most beautiful natural viewing platform Devil's Chairs (Čertovy kazatelny) is located on the way to the ancient Rychleby fortress (3 km) in the Rychleby Mountains. The site is a formation of gneiss rocks with a high and sheer southern wall, which is shaped like a pulpit. From here you have a beautiful view of the canyon of the Racha valley and relict forests. You can get to this place by car, parking is provided for tourists.
Address: Račí údolí, 790 70 Javornik
GPS:50.368773 16.992611
Devil's pulpit, kudyznudy.cz
8. Teplitsky rock city - a mystery of the wild
The Teplitz Rocks are massive rock walls rising to the sky (in some places above 70 m) and the largest mountain labyrinth in Central Europe, narrow valleys and mysterious caves. Walking along the Teplitsky Rocks is admiration and adrenaline at the same time. The area is perfectly prepared for tourism, but compared to the Adrspach Rocks, it is harder to walk here.
Website: www.teplickeskaly.com
Address: Horní 13, 549 57 Teplice nad Metují
GPS: 50.594966 16.169974
Teplice rock walls, kudyznudy.cz
9. Czech Sahara - sand dune near Vlkov
Vlkovský dune, or Czech Sahara, is one of the most famous and visited places of its kind in the Czech Republic. Here, pines and other plants grow on the pleasant yellow sand, and the wind creates bizarre sand figures (though only a few centimeters high). As in any desert, the Czech Sahara is always warmer than the surrounding area, because the sand perfectly reflects the sunlight. You can get to the mini-desert from the parking lot at the Horusický rybník pond.
Address: Veseli nad Lužnici
GPS:49.159418 14.713224
Czech Sahara, kudyznudy.cz
10. Beseditsky rocks - a romantic natural labyrinth
In the Besedice Rocks you will find a secret prayer house of Czech brothers and great views. A walk through the rock labyrinths of Kalich and Chlevishte in the Bohemian Paradise region will be unforgettable romantic adventure. If you're into geology, you'll love the educational trail with information boards. You can also walk around this complex with children, who will definitely like the narrow corridors between the rocks.
Address: Besedice, 468 22 Koberovy
GPS:50.628287 15.208218
Viewpoint on the Besedice Rocks, kudyznudy.cz
11. Piklo - a valley at the confluence of the Metuy and Oleshenka rivers
Despite the frightening name, Peklo (translated from Czech as hell, hell) is a fairly popular and very beautiful national park in the Czech Republic in a romantic valley at the confluence of the Metuje and Oleshenka rivers. The park got its name in honor of the old Pekelets mill, which was rebuilt according to the project of the architect Dusan Yurkovic into a tourist restaurant with elements of folk architecture. The restaurant is decorated with various devils, and on the menu you can find several dishes with a "damn" theme.
Website: www.peklo-nemecek.cz
Address: Peklo u Nového Města nad Metují, 547 01 Nové Město nad Metují
GPS:50.378614 16.186745
Inferno National Park, kudyznudy.cz
12. Khromnitskoye Red Lake - European unique
The water of the Red Lake is a weak solution of sulfuric acid. It is sterile and has no life in it. Iron compounds give the lake its red color. This is a unique natural attraction in Europe, which you can look at for free.
Website: www.hromnice.cz
Address: Hromnice c.p. 60, 330 11
GPS:49.850941 13.447312
Red Lake near Chromnice, kudyznudy.cz
13. Rough rock city
Between the Wallenstein Fortress and the Hruba Skala Castle near Turnov, in the Bohemian Paradise region, there is an unusual area called the Hruboskalsk Rock Town. There are more than 400 natural towers here, the highest of which reach 50 meters.
Address: Hruba Skala
GPS:50.544630 15.200404
Rough rocks, kudyznudy.cz
14. Broumov walls
Surprising rock formations, surrounded by virgin nature, are hidden in the 410 km2 Protected Reserve. This area delights with its beauty, incredible views and mysterious rocks of bizarre shapes.
Website: www.broumovskesteny.cz
Address: Ledhujská 59, 549 54 Police nad Metují
GPS:50.538096 16.236269
Broumovsko, kudyznudy.cz
15. Panczavski waterfall in the Krkonoše - the highest in the Czech Republic
Pančavski waterfall in - the highest in the Czech Republic. Its height is 148 meters. The waterfall cascades down the rocky steps to the Lab valley. Near the waterfall there is Ambrozhova observation deck, from which you can see beautiful view to the valley and mountains.
Website: www.krnap.cz
Address: Harrachov 442, 512 46 Harrachov
GPS: 50.754486 15.555267
Panczavski waterfall, Krkonoše, kudyznudy.cz
On the territory of this seemingly tiny country, quite a few natural beauties are hidden. High mountains and rivers, lazily flowing through the lowlands or seething at rocky shores, thermal springs, ponds and sunny vineyards. Today we will show the natural wonders of the Czech Republic, which are worth visiting.
Desert in southern Bohemia
South Bohemia is covered by a dense network of ponds and rivers, but near the village of Veseli nad Lužnice, on the outskirts of the protected area of Třeboňsko, lies one of the driest places in the Czech Republic. It's about about a sand dune where rare dry-loving plants grow and heat-loving insect species live.Prokop valley
There are several natural reserves in the Prague pit at once, one of which is the Prokop Valley, which became famous thanks to the paleontologist Joachim Barrand (after whom the Barrandov area is named), who studied the local Paleozoic deposit. Today the valley is an oasis of calm and a favorite destination for many cyclists. The surrounding rocks offer a magical view of the city, and if you go deeper into the reservation, you can visit the local lake and the cave where bats live.
Virgin forest Beskydy
Once dense, mixed forest covered all the Beskids, but to our time it has been preserved in its untouched, original form only in the Teszyn Beskids. You will be wrapped in magic in the natural reserve of the virgin forest of Mionshi untouched nature. On an area of 170 hectares there is a special path for pedestrians, which is open only during the season. Some parts of the trail are quite difficult to pass and, unfortunately, are not suitable for families with strollers.
Steppes on the Vysochina
A small safari is located near Trebicska. The Mohelen Steppe National Nature Reserve is famous for its heat-loving herbs and pine forests. The local warm microclimate arose due to the high content of magnesium oxide in rocks, which, when heated, works like a battery.
highest waterfall
In the most high mountains Czech Republic is the Panchava waterfall. The total length of the cascades is 250 meters. You can get here if you follow the red tourist trail from Bedřichov to Labsko base. Along this path, you can reach the source of the waterfall and enjoy the amazing view of not only the waterfall itself, but also the Labsky mines, Goat Ridges and Bald Mountain.
mud muffets
The first time you find yourself in the Soos reservation, it seems that you are on another planet. Everywhere you look - shades of brown and gray, here and there springs of mineral water and pure carbon dioxide, the so-called mofettes, are seething. Soos is located 6 kilometers from Frantiskovy Lezne. The reservation was established in 1964 on an area of 221 hectares, but only one part is open to the public - a trail 1.2 kilometers long. Several species live on the reservation. rare birds and also grows many rare plants.
Rock bridge Pravchitsky gate
This is probably one of the most famous monuments in the Czech Republic, which was created by nature itself. It is impossible to get to the very top of the Pravchitsky Gate, but around this amazing place there are many viewpoints. The Rock Bridge is a symbol of the Bohemian Switzerland National Park and one of the highest natural gates in Europe. The park itself is very popular, and the hiking trails are well arranged - some are easier, some are long and difficult. Breathtaking views of the lush forest and mountains open from everywhere.
Tundra in the Giant Mountains
This place is a real find for botanists and zoologists. The Upsky peat bog allows its visitors to be transported to the subarctic tundra that was on the territory of the country during ice age. The peat bog lies at an altitude of 1400 meters above sea level between Lučni baza, Boundary ridge, Obrzhi baza and Studnica Gora. Plants that grew here 5000 and 6000 years ago successfully grow here.
Glacial lakes on the Šumava
Šumava is proud of its crystal clear lakes of glacial origin. On the Czech side of the mountains, you can visit five lakes - Chernoe, Chertovo, Prasilske, Plesne - and, the smallest of the five, Lake Laka. The most visited of them are the first two. Black Lake is the largest and deepest, and it is located not far from Zhelezne Ore.
Mysterious abyss and cave system
The largest and most famous karst area in the Czech Republic is the Moravian Karst. It is here that those who wish to take a look at the caves open to the public and visit the Macocha abyss come. Tourists sail on boats underground river Punkva to see spectacular caves adorned with stalactites and stalagmites. Macocha abyss is the largest abyss of its kind in middle Europe. Since 1914, its bottom is also open to the public.Czech Republic - young European state, which appeared on the map of Europe in 1993 as a result of what is interesting about this country today? What attracts millions of tourists from all over the world here? What is the area of the Czech Republic and how many people live in it? You will learn about all this from our article.
Czech Republic: area of territory and geographical position
In what part of Europe is the republic located? Which countries directly border the Czech Republic?
The area of the country is about 79,000 square kilometers. This is roughly comparable to Krasnodar Territory Russia, or with three regions (for example, Cherkasy, Kirovograd and Poltava). About 10.5 million people live in this territory (data as of July 2016).
To be even more precise, the area of the Czech Republic (thousand km2) corresponds to the value of 78.86. The country is located in the central part of Europe and has no access to the sea. The Czech Republic has four neighbors independent states: Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria. The republic maintains friendly relations with all these countries. The longest interstate border is between the Czechs and the Poles (658 km).
The modern square of the Czech Republic includes three historical areas. These are Moravia (in the east), Silesia (in the northeast), and Bohemia (in the central part), which is considered the historical core of Czech statehood.
The area of the Czech Republic may decrease?
The political map of Europe continues to be redrawn today. And this does not always happen as a result of revolutions, wars or separatist manifestations. Sometimes the areas of states may change slightly due to banal cartographic errors.
Thus, the area of the Czech Republic in the near future may decrease by 500 square kilometers. The fact is that recently the German cartographer Rolf Boehm discovered a discrepancy between the real area of \u200b\u200bhis country with the indicated data in official documents. He found out that the unaccounted for "hectares" of German land are located near the bed of the Kirnich River.
To solve the problem that has arisen, a special cadastral commission consisting of representatives of both countries will be created in the near future. It is quite possible that the borders of states after repeated measurements will be shifted in favor of Germany.
Internal division of the Czech Republic
In administrative-territorial terms, the Czech Republic is divided into 13 regions (krais) and the capital city of Prague. The regions, in turn, are divided into districts (there are 77 of them in this country). 6242 - such total settlements in the Czech Republic.
Each of the 13 regions has its own "president" (in Prague, the mayor) and a regional council. Oblasts include territorial communities of the second and first (or lower) levels.
The capital and largest city of the Czech Republic is Prague. 1/9 of the country's population lives here. Prague is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. At any time of the year on its ancient streets you can see crowds of tourists - representatives different countries and continents.
Travelers do not bypass other interesting ones. Among those are Brno, Karlovy Vary, Cesky Krumlov, Kutna Hora, Pilsen, Litomysl and others.
Natural features and landscapes
Czech Republic is various forms relief (mountain ranges, gentle hills and river canyons), mild climate and beautiful natural landscapes. In summer, the air temperature here rarely exceeds +28-30 degrees, which makes staying in the country very comfortable.
The main Czech Laba and Vltava. Watercourses of this small country carry their fresh water at three o'clok different seas Europe (Black, Baltic and Northern). The most high point states - Mount Snezhka (1602 meters).
Landscapes of the Czech Republic are very diverse. The historical area of Bohemia is surrounded on all sides by low gentle mountains - the Sudetenland. The eastern part of the country - Moravia - is a hilly and very picturesque area with an abundance of virgin deciduous forests.
To guard natural resources Czechs are very kind. So, it was here that back in 1838 one of the first natural reserves in Europe was established. About 14% of the country's territory is under state protection. Perhaps the most beautiful in the Czech Republic is nature reserveŠumava, which is famous for its numerous lakes, ancient trees and perfectly clean air.
You can complete a short geographical sketch about this country by listing the most interesting facts about her. So, did you know that:
- prostitution and some types of drugs are legalized in the Czech Republic;
- grammar and pronunciation of the Czech language are considered the most difficult in Europe;
- there are an incredible number of pet stores in this country;
- the leader in the use of marijuana in Europe is not the Netherlands, but the Czech Republic;
- in the town of Kutna Hora there is a temple completely built from human bones;
- in Prague is the largest castle in Europe;
- it is forbidden to install satellite dishes on old buildings in the Czech Republic - they spoil appearance old quarters;
- one of the most popular Czech souvenirs is the krotek toy (the hero of a famous cartoon).
Finally
The area of the Czech Republic is 78.86 thousand square kilometers. The population of the country exceeds ten million people.
The state is located in Central Europe and attracts a huge number of tourists. Travelers come to the Czech Republic to admire the most picturesque natural landscapes, visit first-class ski resorts, wander through the narrow medieval streets of ancient cities and taste the legendary Czech beer.
The Czech Republic is located in the very center of Europe and borders on Germany, Poland, Austria and Slovakia. The territory of the republic is almost 79,000 square meters and combines the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Capital - Prague, The largest city countries. Most of the settlements are small. Of the major ones, we will single out the cities of Brno, Pilsen, Ceske Budejovice, Olomouc, Hradec Kralove and Ostrava.
The landscape of the country is dominated by highlands and medium-high mountains - the Czech Massif, bordered by the Šumava ridges, the Czech Forest, the Krkonoše and the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. largest river– Vltava with a length of 440 km. The Czech Republic is located on the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, which is the watershed between the Elbe and the Danube. Elba - she is Laba - flows through the territory of the Czech Republic, others big rivers- Morava, Odra - she is Oder, - Ohře, Arrow and Berunka.
The landscapes of the Czech Republic are amazing in their beauty and diversity. Wide valleys with a dense network of rivers and lakes give way to dense forests, hills and mountain ranges, keeping the age-old freshness and coolness of stalactite caves. It is here that the healing springs of the most popular European resorts - Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne and Frantiskovy Lazne - are located - they make up the "golden triangle of Czech health."
15,000 lakes and ponds, sandstone rock formations, 2,000 mineral springs, hundreds of palaces and castles, meadows and fields - all this is the Czech Republic. Most Valuable natural areas protected by the state. They become national parks and nature reserves - almost 12 percent of the territory.
The climate of the Czech Republic
Climatic conditions in the Czech Republic are very favorable. The country is located in the transition zone from the Central European maritime climate to continental Eastern European, i.e. located in a climate-friendly area temperate zone northern hemisphere. The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate, transitional from maritime to continental, more or less even throughout the country, but its regional features depend mainly on the terrain.
Winters are usually mild, with temperatures ranging from -2 to -4°C in the plains and from -8 to -10°C in the mountains. On the most frosty days, the temperature can reach -15 degrees, but this happens no more than once every 10 years. The average temperature in winter is about 0 degrees. Summers are usually moderately hot. Average daily temperatures in the warmest summer month, July, fluctuate around 19–21 °C in the plains and 4–8 °C in the mountains.
Spring in the Czech Republic begins at the end of February. Autumn only starts in October.
Statistical indicators of the Czech Republic
(as of 2012)
In terms of climate, the Czech Republic could well be called a bridge between East and West. Czech Republic all year round attracts tourists. The Czech Republic is located almost in the very center of Europe. The landscape of the Czech Republic is amazing in its beauty and diversity. Wide valleys with a dense network of rivers and lakes are replaced by overgrown dense forests, hills and mountain ranges, keeping the age-old freshness and coolness of stalactite caves. Strong temperature fluctuations are rare. But in the mountains and the Bohemian Forest, the opposite is true, as cold, heavy air descends into the valleys, while warmer and more transparent air layers rise into the mountains - a great opportunity for mountain tourism.
Skiing in the Czech Republic is well developed and very popular among the population. The Czech Republic is home to many famous ski resorts where you can relax and have a good time.
January - February are the most suitable months for visiting the country's ski resorts. As for precipitation in the Czech Republic, it is dominated by rain, they are brought mainly westerly winds. The average annual rainfall is 550 mm in the plains and 1400 mm in the mountains. In general, the climate of the Czech Republic is very mild.
Flora and fauna
The Czech Republic is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Forests cover about 30% of its territory. Industrially valuable conifers, primarily spruce (61% of the tree stand) and pine (22%). Above the forest line are alpine meadows. Extensive forests create conditions for people to relax and serve as a place of residence for wild animals - deer, beavers, pheasants and hares. AT mountain forests there are lynxes and numerous small animals - foxes, squirrels, weasels.
Nature conservation in the Czech Republic has an old tradition and is one of the best in the world. 12% of the territory of the whole country (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. In Western Bohemia there is a unique natural complex - Sumava Park, stretching for 125 km along the border with Austria and Germany. It is a vast region of tranquil broadleaf forests largely untouched by human activities. Although only one small part of Šumava - the Bubin Virgin Forest, can be regarded as a truly protected ancient European plant community, but a more preserved complex of the European mountain broadleaf forest just doesn't exist. Wild flowers abound everywhere.
The mighty Vltava, as well as the five other main rivers of the country, starts from here, creating excellent conditions for active aquatic species sports. There are also all conditions for skiing and skiing. In the foothills of the Šumava are located amazing in their beauty, the castles of Švihov, Velgartice, Rabi.
The Czech Republic even has its own volcanoes located in Western Bohemia. The most famous of them is the crater extinct volcano Komorni-Hurka. Here, between Cheb and Frantiskovy Lazne, in the vast swampy area of Slavkovsky Forest, there are numerous mud volcanoes that eject mineral water. There is also an amazing natural formation - Konepruska caves - absolutely amazing karst caves, where you can freely get into at any time of the year.