Prove that the swamp is a natural community. Excursion on the topic “Aquatic and coastal plants. Swamp as a plant community

Sections: elementary School

Class: 4

Target: formation of a holistic picture of the “bog” ecosystem and awareness of a person’s place in it; education of a citizen.

Tasks:

• reveal knowledge about natural communities;
• expand and systematize knowledge about the swamp as an ecosystem;
• to develop the ability to observe the life of the swamp, to establish cause-and-effect relationships;
• ensure the development of critical thinking through the interactive inclusion of students in the educational process;
• develop the ability to find information in the text (cognitive UUD)
• education of ecological, informational culture.

Subject results.

establish links between inanimate and living nature, give examples of plants and animals characteristic of a swamp, use a textbook, atlases to search for information, evaluate their own behavior and the behavior of other people in nature, arrange their knowledge in the form of a cluster, simulate environmental situations, evaluate their consequences.

Metasubject results:

The student will have the opportunity to learn: to form the ability to build logical reasoning, draw conclusions, justify the correctness or error of the result, the ability to reason logically, organize and build educational cooperation, the ability to work in a group, the ability to listen to a partner.

Personal UUD:

to form an interest in the knowledge of the world around; understanding the moral content of one's own actions, the actions of people around; acceptance of the value of the natural world, nature protection, understanding of the beauty of the nature of Russia and the native land.

Regulatory UUD:

to act in educational cooperation; control and evaluate their actions when working with visual material.

Cognitive UUD:

find ways to solve a problem in collaboration with classmates; compare and classify objects according to independently selected criteria; bring the analyzed objects under the concepts of different levels of communication.

Communicative UUD:

focus on the partner's position in communication and interaction; ability to negotiate, come to a common decision when working in a group; consider other opinions.

Characteristics of the activities of students:

• set the learning task of the lesson;
• extract the necessary information from the textbook and additional sources about the natural community and discuss the information received;
• characterize the human impact on natural communities;
• analyze the influence of modern man on nature

Equipment: textbook "The World Around" by Poglazov, 4th grade, computer, projector, screen, presentation, audio recording, herbaria, atlas, physical map of Russia.

Software:

• Multimedia Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius.
• Multimedia encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius for children.

Lesson type: combined lesson on an activity basis.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

Psychological mood for the lesson (1-2 min.)

We start right on time
Our favorite lesson.
Let's take hands together,
And we smile at each other.

II. Updating of basic knowledge(5 - 7 min.)

III. Formulation of the problem(topics) (1 – 2 min.) CHALLENGE STAGE

1. Riddle:

Everyone bypasses this place:
Here is the land
Like dough;
There are sedges, hummocks, mosses…
No leg support.

(Swamp.)

2. Lead-in dialogue

- What did you imagine when I said "swamp"? Reception "Cluster"

Why did I put a question mark?

- The task of our lesson: Find out if the swamp will be a natural community.

– How do we start work on the topic of natural communities? (You need to make a plan or algorithm)
- Remember the algorithm of work on the topic "Natural Community"

• What is a swamp?
• Bog flora
• Fauna of swamps
• Food chains and natural balance
• Man and swamp
• Ecological page
• In the world of interesting.

- What does an ecosystem consist of?

IV. "Discovery" of knowledge. STAGE OF REFLECTION

1. Working with the text of the textbook:

Using the technique "Insert": group work

– Reading with notes of the text in the textbook

1 group "Botany" p.25 - 26 - What is the peculiarity of swamp plants?
2 group "Zoologists" p. 27 - 28 - What is the peculiarity of swamp animals?
3 group "What swamps give to a person" p. 29
4 group "Environmentalists" p. thirty

The second stage - REMEMBER CONTENTS(aimed at maintaining interest in obtaining new information, gradual progress from knowledge of the "old" to the "new").
– Each group presents its answer in the form of a cluster or a table.

"Zoologists"

"Nerds"

- Using the herbarium, they talk about the plants of the swamp. Conclusion: moisture-loving.
– Can we now conclude that a swamp is an ecosystem? Let us recall the full definition of an ecosystem (the unity of animate and inanimate nature, in which a community of living organisms of different professions are able to jointly maintain matter cycle). Prove that the circulation of substances in the swamp exists.

group work

The teams have in envelopes pictures of representatives of different "professions" of the swamp. Make up a food chain.
Two teams have the names of representatives of different swamp professions. You need to decide who will be who in the food chain and show a “living” chain.

- So, what conclusion can be drawn? The swamp is an ecosystem, because all its parts are present in it and there is a circulation of substances.

The swamp is a natural community widespread in our country. Look at the physical map of Russia: what a significant area the swamps occupy. Wet place, hummocks, bog, reed thickets, rare bushes.

How was the swamp formed? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place, which did not have a runoff, its banks were quickly overgrown with reeds and cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year, reeds and reeds grew, more and more protruded from the banks to the water, intertwined with stems, closing the water, mosses settled on the stems, they absorbed moisture and the water stagnated. Several decades passed, and the plants completely captured the lake and closed the water. Every year the thickets became thicker. And now a thick layer has formed almost to the very bottom. That is why, when you walk through the swamp, the bumps are so springy, your legs get stuck, just look - you will fail. Maybe the forest stream flowed slowly and gradually overgrown with herbs in the lowlands, or a spring spouted from the ground and soaked everything around with water. That's how water piggy banks appeared in these places - swamps.

A lot of water means that moisture-loving grasses and shrubs began to grow, and animals with birds settle down such as you can only see in the swamp. The surface of some swamps is densely covered with mosses. Especially a lot of water is able to absorb sphagnum moss, which means “sponge” in Greek (Fig. 2).

Sphagnum has a special ability to kill microbes. Therefore, the remains of dead organisms are not completely processed, they accumulate under a layer of moss, compact, and as a result, peat is formed - a combustible mineral. Peat thickness can reach 3-4 meters or more. It is on this peat cushion that other inhabitants of the swamp live. Peat is very saturated with water, and it contains almost no oxygen necessary for the respiration of the roots. Therefore, only a few plants can grow in swamps. Most often, wild rosemary, sedge, and cranberries settle on a thick carpet of moss (Fig. 3-5).

Rice. 3. Marsh rosemary ()

Among swamp plants, cranberries are especially valued. People have been collecting this healing berry for a long time. In addition to cranberries, other tasty berries grow in swamps: blueberries (Fig. 6), cloudberries.

Rice. 6. Blueberry ()

Such herbaceous plants as cotton grass, reed, calamus, bulrush and cattail have adapted to the swamps (Fig. 7, 8).

The cattail has large, dark brown heads that are densely built of raw hairs. Seeds ripen under the hairs, in autumn, when the seeds ripen, the hairs dry out and the head itself becomes very light. You touch it - and light fluff flies around you. On parachutes, cattail seeds scatter in different directions. Even in the last century, life jackets were made from this fluff. And a round packing fabric was made from the stalk of cattail.

Unusual plants are also found in the swamps. Sundew (Fig. 9) and pemphigus are predatory plants.

Sundew catches and eats insects. Insects are fast and mobile, how can this plant threaten them? The small leaves of sundew are covered with small hairs and droplets of sticky juice, similar to dew, which is why the plant was called sundew. The bright color of the leaves and droplets attract insects, but as soon as a mosquito or fly sits on a plant, it immediately sticks to it. The leaf shrinks, and its sticky hairs suck out all the juices from the insect. Why did the sundew turn into a predator plant? Because on poor marshy soils, it lacks nutrients. A day sundew is able to swallow and digest up to 25 mosquitoes.

In a similar way, the Venus flytrap catches prey (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Venus flytrap ()

It has leaflets that close like jaws when one touches the hairs on the surface of the leaves. Since these plants are rare, they need to be protected.

Another trap was invented by pemphigus, they named this plant for the sticky green bubbles that densely cover its thin, thread-like leaves (Fig. 11, 12).

Rice. 11. Vesicles of pemphigus ()

Rice. 12. Pemphigus ()

All the leaves of the plant are in water, there are no roots, and only a thin stalk with yellow flowers rises above the surface. The plant needs bubbles for hunting, and this grass hunts for aquatic inhabitants: small crustaceans, water fleas, ciliates. Each bubble is a cunningly arranged trap and at the same time a digestive organ. A special door closes the vial until some creature touches the hairs of this hole. Then the valve opens and the bubble sucks in the prey. You can't get out of the bubble, the valve, like a door to a room, opens only in one direction. Inside the bubble are glands that produce digestive juice. In this juice, the prey is dissolved and then absorbed by the plant. Bladderwort is very gluttonous. After about 20 minutes, the bubble is ready to capture a new victim.

How did the animals of the swamps adapt to life in wet places? Among the inhabitants of the swamps, a frog is known. The dampness helps the frogs keep their skin constantly moist, and the abundance of mosquitoes provides them with food. Beavers (Fig. 13), water rats settle on the swampy banks of the rivers, you can see the snake and the swamp viper.

Have you heard the saying: "Every sandpiper praises his swamp"? Kulik is a slender bird, similar to a seagull. This bird has protective plumage; with its long beak, the sandpiper finds mosquito larvae hiding there in the mud (Fig. 14).

Often in the swamps you can meet herons (Fig. 15) and cranes (Fig. 16), these birds have long and thin legs, this allows them to walk through the cold mud without falling through.

Herons and cranes feed on frogs, molluscs, worms, which are abundant in the swamp. White partridges love to feast on sweet berries in the swamp, and moose and roe deer like to eat juicy parts of plants.

In the evenings and nights, someone's roar is heard in the swamp, reminiscent of the roar of a bull. What people didn't say about it! As if the water one is screaming or the goblin quarreled with him. Who roars and laughs in the swamp? A small-sized bittern bird roars and hoots terribly (Fig. 17).

The bittern has a very loud cry, spreading for 2-3 kilometers in the vicinity. Bittern lives in reed beds, in reeds. Bittern hunts for crucians, perches, pikes, frogs and tadpoles. For hours, the bittern stands motionless in the thickets near the water and suddenly throws its beak, sharp as a dagger, with lightning speed - and the fish cannot escape. You start looking for a bittern in a swamp - and you will pass by. She will raise her beak vertically, stretch her neck, and you will never distinguish it from a bunch of dry grass or reeds.

But not only the bittern screams at night in the swamp. Here is a bird of prey eagle owl sitting on a branch. It is almost 80 centimeters long (Fig. 18).

This is a night robber and there is no salvation from him for either birds or rodents. This is how he laughs in the swamp when it gets dark.

Residents of swampy places sometimes at night can watch an amazing spectacle of many bluish lights dancing in the swamp. What is it? Researchers have not yet come to a consensus on this issue. Maybe it's swamp gas igniting. Its clouds will come to the surface and light up in the air.

People have been afraid of swamps for a long time. They sought to drain and use the land for pastures and fields, and thus thought that they were helping nature. Is it so? The swamp is of great benefit. First, it is a natural reservoir of fresh water. Streams flowing from swamps feed large rivers and lakes. When it rains, the mosses of the swamps absorb excess moisture like sponges. And in dry years they save water bodies from drying out. Therefore, often after draining the swamps, rivers and lakes become shallow. The Vasyugan swamp is one of the largest swamps in the world, its area is larger than that of Switzerland (Fig. 19).

Rice. 19. Vasyugan swamp ()

Located between the rivers Ob and Irtysh. The Vasyugan River originates in this swamp. Rivers such as the Volga, Dnieper, Moskva River also flow from swamps. Secondly, swamps are wonderful natural filters. The water in them passes through thickets of plants, a thick layer of peat and is freed from dust, harmful substances, pathogenic microbes. Clean water flows into the rivers from the swamps. Thirdly, valuable berry plants grow in swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries. They contain sugar, vitamins and minerals. Medicinal plants also grow in the swamps. For example, during the Great Patriotic War, sphagnum moss was used as a dressing for the rapid healing of wounds. Sundew is used to treat colds and coughs. In addition, the swamp is a natural peat factory, which is used both as a fuel and as a fertilizer.

Remember: you can not approach the wetlands and peat developments in the swamp! It is very dangerous.

Bears, deer, wild boars, elk, roe deer come to the swamps, which also find food for themselves here.

The swamp is the same necessary part of nature as forests and meadows, they also need to be protected. The destruction of swamps will lead to a change in nature on the entire planet. At present, 150 swamps of Russia have been taken under protection.

Today in the lesson you gained new knowledge about the swamp as a natural community and got to know its inhabitants.

Bibliography

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. World around 3. - M.: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around 3. - M .: Publishing house "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. The world around 3. - M .: Education.

1. Biofile.ru ().
2. Liveinternet.ru ().
3. Animalworld.com.ua ().

Homework

1. What is a swamp?
2. Why can't swamps dry up?
3. What animals can be found in the swamp?

The purpose of the excursion is to get acquainted with the species composition, morphobiological features of aquatic and coastal plants and the nature of their distribution in the reservoir, and the characteristics of the habitat.

SWAMP

A swamp is a plant community composed of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture by flowing or stagnant waters and reduced aeration of the substrate. The swamps are diverse in the way they appear, the conditions of existence, and differ from each other in their floristic composition. Higher spore plants can be dominants and edificators in swamps.

Swamp as a plant community

With swamps - plant communities confined to damp and moist soils, ideas about sedges, sphagnum moss, cranberries, blueberries, cloudberries are associated. Such swamps are called grassy. Swamps covered with forest are called forest swamps.

Bogs with abundant growth of moss are called moss. If green mosses dominate, the swamp is called hypnotic, if sphagnum dominates - sphagnum.

In conditions of waterlogging, insufficient oxygen supply, with lower temperatures and increased acidity of the substrate, conditions are created that prevent the development of putrefactive aerobic bacteria.

Lowland swamps occur in the lower parts of the relief, where excess water accumulates and the territory becomes swamped.

Low-lying bogs are called bogs of mineral nutrition. Their soils are rich in mineral and organic matter. Plants use not only groundwater, but also atmospheric precipitation, and in the floodplain of rivers - the waters of spring floods. The swamps are diverse in their floristic composition; Settling plants have different life forms.

Grass marshes are often practically difficult to distinguish from waterlogged meadows, with which they are often connected by numerous crossings.

Transitional swamps represent the transition from lowland to raised marshes. They can occupy the most varied position in the relief.

A significant place in the vegetation of transitional swamps is occupied by sphagnum mosses, cotton grass, and sedges; from shrubs and shrubs - cranberries, blueberries, wild rosemary, marsh myrtle; from tree species - pine, fluffy birch.

Raised bogs arise as a result of swamping of land in conditions of weak evaporation of water and the presence of a waterproof layer of soil, with overgrowth and peat formation in reservoirs and in the place of lowland bogs.

In the raised bog, sphagnum is dominant, which grows profusely and determines the conditions of existence for other plants.

Raised bog plants are isolated from the soil by a thick peat layer, they live in poor conditions of mineral nutrition and increased acidity of the substrate. Blueberries and lingonberries are constant in the swamp, which are also characteristic of coniferous forests; blueberries also grow in swampy coniferous forests. Swamp shrubs and shrubs are characterized by a combination of hydro- and xeromorphic structural features. The xeromorphic signs of the inhabitants of the swamps are also explained by the poverty of mineral nutrition, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.

Green mosses also live in the raised bog, but their role is usually not great. Lichens can be found on the elevated parts of the swamp.

Economic importance of swamps.

Sphagnum peat is an excellent fuel. Many power plants run entirely on peat.

Sphagnum mosses can be used as a dressing to replace cotton wool.

In agriculture, peat is used as a fertilizer; peat pots and mulch are prepared from it; peat is used as a preservative and packaging material for the storage and transportation of fruits, vegetables, meat and other products.

Sphagnum bogs are of great scientific interest. Due to the peculiar ecological conditions of sphagnum bogs, the remains of plants and animals that lived on the land surface many years ago are well preserved in peat.

Sometimes traces of various historical cultures are found in peat layers. Therefore, sphagnum bogs represent an interesting "book" of nature.

Ideas about swamps as waste, useless lands are a thing of the past.

However, reclamation work should be carried out taking into account all natural complexes.

T.V. Kurnishkov. Geography of plants with the basics of botany.

slide 1

NATURAL COMMUNITY. SWAMP
MK OOU "Sanatorium Boarding School No. 82"
Compiled by Trapeznikova E.V., primary school teacher

slide 2

Swamps arise in two main ways: due to waterlogging of the soil or due to overgrowth of reservoirs.

slide 3

A swamp (also swamp, bog) is a piece of land (or landscape) characterized by excessive moisture, high acidity and low soil fertility, exit to the surface of stagnant or flowing groundwater, but without a permanent layer of water on the surface. The swamp is characterized by the deposition of incompletely decomposed organic matter on the soil surface, which later turns into peat. The layer of peat in swamps is at least 30 cm, if less, then these are wetlands. Wetlands are an integral part of the hydrosphere. The first swamps on Earth formed at the junction of the Silurian and Devonian 350-400 million years ago.

slide 4

An indispensable condition for the formation of swamps is constant excess moisture. One of the reasons for excessive moisture and the formation of a swamp is the features of the relief - the presence of lowlands, where rainwater and groundwater flow; in flat areas, the lack of runoff also leads to stagnant water and the formation of a swamp; in addition, the overgrowth of the reservoir leads to the formation of a swamp.

slide 5

Types of swamps: Low-lying - located in low places, characteristic vegetation - alder, birch, sedge, reed, cattail. Transitional - birch, pine, sedge, sphagnum mosses are characteristic. Riding - located on the watersheds, the water in them is sharply acidic, the vegetation is larch, wild rosemary, cassandra, cranberries, cotton grass, sheikhzeria. In turn, they are divided into two types: Forest - covered with low pine, heather shrubs, sphagnum. Ridge-hollow - similar to forest, but covered with peat hummocks and there are practically no trees on them.

slide 6

Slide 7

Overgrowth of a reservoir. Raised bog formation.

Slide 8

riding swamp

Slide 9

Transition swamp

Slide 10

lowland swamp

slide 11

Sphagnum
Due to the low thermal conductivity, it is used in the construction industry as an insulating material in the form of plates, a powder made from this peat; also a deodorant. Some peoples consider sphagnum to be a suitable material for warm diapers, with which they cover their children in winter.

slide 12

wild rosemary
Together with tar, wild rosemary essential oil can be used in the processing of leather, it can be used in soap making and perfumery, as well as in the textile industry as a fixative. The smell of fresh leaves and branches of wild rosemary repels blood-sucking insects, protects fur and wool from moths.

slide 13

Furniture is stuffed with hare sedge. Hunters put the bubble sedge into their shoes so that the soles do not crumple. In the Altai Mountains, the foot-shaped sedge, low and elegant when dried, was used for stuffing mattresses and pillows, they were wrapped around legs instead of footcloths and put in shoes instead of insoles, during construction they were laid in grooves between logs instead of tow or moss. All large sedges have a strong fiber and can be used for weaving bags, mats, mats.
Sedge

Slide 14

Cranberry
Cranberries are used to prepare fruit drinks, juices, kvass, extracts, jelly, they are good sources of vitamins. The leaves can be consumed as a tea.
Berries are used as an antiscorbutic, for colds, rheumatism, tonsillitis, beriberi.

slide 15

Berries and blueberry juice are a dietary product that enhances metabolism and the effect of sugar-lowering drugs. Berries strengthen the walls of blood vessels, normalize the work of the digestive organs and the heart.
Blueberry

slide 16

Cloudberries - a source of useful, healing substances; Thus, cloudberries contain three times more vitamin C than oranges.
Cloudberry

Slide 17

Cotton grass
Powder puffs were used for stuffing pillows, in paper production, for the manufacture of wicks, tinder, hats, as an admixture to sheep's wool in the manufacture of cloth fabrics or to cotton, silk in the manufacture of cotton, silk fabrics, etc.

Slide 18

Calamus oil extracted from rhizomes is used in scientific medicine, perfumery and food industry (its content in rhizomes reaches 4.5%). In folk medicine, as well as for culinary purposes (for flavoring foods), raw and dried rhizomes and leaves are used. The rhizomes of common calamus in dried and candied form were considered a delicacy back in the 19th century.
Air

Slide 19

Aquatic insectivorous plants, devoid of roots and carrying a greater or lesser number of trapping vesicles. Each vial is provided with a hole closed by an inward-opening valve, as a result of which small aquatic animals can freely penetrate inside the vial, but cannot exit back. When they die, they serve as food for the plant.
Pemphigus

Slide 20

Sundew

slide 21

All sundews are insectivorous plants. The sticky substance produced by the leaves contains the alkaloid coniine, which has a paralytic effect on insects, and digestive enzymes. After the insect is caught, the edges of the leaf are closed, covering it entirely. The speed of leaf folding in some types of sundews is quite significant. This method of plant nutrition makes it possible, under conditions of depleted soils, to absorb from the insect during its digestion such substances useful for the plant as sodium, potassium, magnesium salts, phosphorus and nitrogen. After the insect has been digested (usually it takes several days), the leaf opens again. The mechanism of leaf folding is selective and reacts only to organic food, while accidental exposures in the form of a drop of water or a fallen leaf do not cause a digestive process.

slide 22

sundew leaf

slide 23

Frog

slide 24

Slide 25

The appearance of beavers in rivers, and especially the construction of dams by them, has a beneficial effect on the ecology of aquatic and riverine biotopes. Numerous mollusks and aquatic insects settle in the resulting spill, which in turn attract desmans and waterfowl. Birds on their legs bring fish caviar. Fish, once in favorable conditions, begin to multiply. Trees felled by beavers serve as food for hares and many ungulates, which gnaw bark from trunks and branches. Butterflies and ants love the juice flowing from undermined trees in spring, followed by birds. Beavers are protected by desmans; muskrats often live in their huts together with their owners. Dams contribute to water purification, reducing its turbidity; silt lingers in them.

Swamp... Where did it come from?

There used to be a small lake here. Its shores were densely overgrown with reeds, cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year, reeds and reeds grew more and more, stepped on the water from the banks, intertwined with stems. And shut off the water...

"rotten" places where they often caught colds and got sick.

But gradually people realized that the swamps should not be afraid. And the swamps revealed their secrets to man.

WHAT IS TORF?

The remains of mosses, grasses, stems and leaves of various marsh plants die off from year to year and lie in layers on top of each other. In the water of swamps without access to air, plant residues decompose very slowly. Several tens or hundreds of years pass - and a peat deposit appears in the swamp.

Most of all in the swamp of mosses.

The most common among mosses is sphagnum. He

consists of many soft stems linked together, similar to skeins of disheveled harsh threads.

arrowhead

Arrowheads are perennial herbaceous plants that grow completely in water or partially submerged in it. From a short thick

rhizomes come out trihedral stem. It reaches 20-110 cm in length, but at the same time it is completely under water and filled with airy tissue.

In haymaking - bitter,

And in the cold - sweet.

What is a berry?

Berries and leaves

useful.

The berries contain

a lot of vitamins

and the leaves are used

like medicinal.

Ledum

Ledum marsh is an evergreen shrub that reaches a height of 1 meter, has a strong smell that causes an instant headache. Its stems are recumbent and have numerous ascending branches.

water pepper

sedge

Cotton grass - perennial plants of the sedge family, with a creeping or shortened rhizome.

The name comes from the Greek - bearing fluff. About 20 species are known.

succession

valerian

heather

The muskrat is listed in

Red Book

swamp viper

The largest recorded chain viper measured 1.66 meters, but the average length is 1.2 meters.

Already swamp

Its coloration, as a rule, is olive with dark spots arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Occasionally there are monochromatic olive or even black individuals. The size of the water snake is up to 1.6 m, but usually 1-1.3 m. Females are larger than males

marsh leech

SWAMP BIRDS

Kulik is listed

in Red Book

A cry is heard in the swamp:

Moaning, crying sandpiper.

He is sorry for his swamp,

It's hard to say goodbye to him.

But from close winter blizzards

He must hurry south.

white heron

gray heron

In Siberia in the swamps,

if you're very lucky,

you can see white

crane - Siberian crane.

This is a very rare bird

there are absolutely rubbish left

few, and they are carefully

guard. The Siberian Crane is listed

in the Red Book.

Stork

red-throated

Shirokonoska

dive

white-eyed

teal whistle

Mallard

killer whale

In the evenings and at night

swamp heard someone's roar.

Silent and scary. As if

Someone hit a huge

drum - and he hummed.

These sounds come from a small,

with chicken, poultry, which

called bittern.

On the branch one can see

big growth. All of a sudden

turned his head and

stared two round

yellow eyes. This is

owl - night robber.

He is laughing so loudly

In the swamp when it gets dark.

The eagle owl is a very rare bird,

needs protection.

NATURAL COMMUNITY

"SWAMP »

food chains

• Swamps, like huge filters, purify the water.
• Marshes support the level of many rivers.
• The remains of dead plants, decomposing at the bottom without air access, turn into peat.
• Wetlands are natural reservoirs of water.
• Peat is a fuel, fertilizer, bedding for animals, a raw material in chemical plants.
• Wetlands are the habitat of plants and animals.

RESERVES OF RUSSIA

MOCK ISLAND

RESERVES OF RUSSIA

DARWIN RESERVE

RESERVES OF RUSSIA