General characteristics and methods of teaching preschoolers the sports game gorodki. Project "We play towns

27.09.2019

Gorodki is an old Russian game.

It was played by Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Chaliapin, Ivan Pavlov, Alexei Gorky, Vladimir Stasov and many other famous Russian people. People who are fond of this game are called "city dwellers". Until now, competitions of city dwellers are held.

Previously, gorodki was considered a purely male game - the beats for the game were very heavy. Now not only boys and men play gorodki, but also girls and women, because bits are made from light and accessible material.

Summer is the time for games in the yard, in the country, on the lawn in the forest, in the children's holiday camp. Let's play towns with the children, as our outstanding compatriots did? Let's play!

How to play towns?

How to make a set for playing towns with your own hands?

To make a set for playing towns, you will need several shovel handles, which are sold in hardware stores:

Two cuttings are two bits.

Two more cuttings need to be cut into pieces so that you get 10 identical wooden pieces - “ryukh” needed for the game. From these pieces - ryukh - figures are built, which are called "towns". That's all the necessary minimum set!

You can make a set of other material. Approximate dimensions: a) for bits from hard rock tree - 80 cm long, 4-5 cm in diameter, b) for small towns (ruh) - length 12-15 cm, diameter 4-5 cm.

You will also need a playground and chalk to draw the city. On the ground, the city is drawn with a stick or a stone.

How to prepare the site for the game of gorodki?

Draw lines on the site with which you will designate two cities located side by side, but at some distance from each other (see figure). Stepping back from the cities by 3 meters (this distance is given for playing with children, you can increase it), draw a line from which the players will throw the bat. ithalf-cone .

Then step back a few more meters and draw a line -con (the distance from the half-cone to the cone is approximately 3 meters).

The size of the playground should be chosen depending on the age of the children. The smaller the children, the smaller the size of the playground and the shorter the distance to the city from the line of the semi-cone and the horse.

We play towns.

How to play towns?

The players are divided into two teams. Teams must be equal in strength and agility. You can play not as a team, but even as a couple, competing with each other, but it is more interesting and more fun to play as a team with relatives and friends.

Each team chooses a leader.

Lots are drawn and a team is chosen to start. It is also determined by lot where each team will have a city. If the team got the right city, then they start first.

All ruhi are placed in the city by certain figures. First, the first figure is placed and knocked out, then the second, and so on in a well-defined sequence. The names of the figures in the game of towns are very beautiful and “speaking” - a cannon, a star, a well, artillery, sentries, a shooting gallery, a fork, an arrow, a crankshaft, a racket, a sickle, an airplane, a letter and others.

On a note: Now common tasks for children preschool age on laying out figures from sticks according to the model. In the towns, the same version of this task, but more interesting, since the child understands why the figure needs to be laid out. And such laying out of figures becomes no longer a boring educational task, but a real one. interesting game!

The task is to knock out all the towns with fewer hits, that is, as quickly as possible.

Very important note:

1) To play with young children (older preschoolers), five figures of towns are enough. Older children can already be given ten figures in the game. And for teenagers and adults, you can use the entire set of figures in towns.

2) In a game with preschoolers, each player has one bat, with which he knocks out figures. In a game with older children, each player is given two bats and he, accordingly, makes two hits.

To make it clearer how to knock out pieces in this game, I will giveexample. The team put a figure - a star. The first strike of the first player is made from the horse, alas, he did not hit. The turn right passes to the second player. He also makes a blow from the horse and knocks out one ryuha from the figure - the star. Hooray! Now the next player beats not from a knight, but from a half-cone and knocks out the whole piece. Next, another figure is set (see the sequence of town figures). Each new figure begins to be knocked out again from the horse. So they play until the last piece until it is knocked out. This is one period of the game of towns. You can play again after the rest - it will be the second period of the game. How many periods there will be (i.e. how many times we will play), you need to agree in advance.

If older children are playing, then there is only one change - each player can try to knock out a piece from two attempts (two bits) and in our sequence of pieces there will no longer be five figures, but ten.

Another example of a team playing with preschoolers in towns. The first team places their first piece, knocks it out, sets up their second piece, knocks out, and so on until they knock out all five pieces. We count how many blows we managed to knock out the pieces. The fewer hits it took to knock out all the towns, the better! We write down the resulting points, that is, we write the number on the ground or asphalt.

Then the turn passes to the other team, which also puts in the city and knocks out all its five pieces in the given sequence. We consider how many hits it took the second team to knock out the figures. We write down this figure - that is, points. Compare two numbers. Whichever team has the fewest points wins.

Rules for the game of towns

Ryuhi are placed at the front of the city exactly in the middle, that is, at an equal distance from the sides.

Each player on the team only bats once (in a game with preschoolers).

If the first player of the team knocked out a ryuha, then all the other players of this team beat further not from the horse, but from the half-knee.

After the end of the game, the teams change cities and the game continues.

Ryuha is considered knocked out if it lies outside the city limits. Sometimes suburbs are drawn in towns near the city (a more difficult version of the game). Then, if the ryuha rolled into the suburbs, it must continue to be knocked out in the following moves.

If, when knocking out a piece, the bat flew into the city and did not roll out of it, then it remains in the city until it is knocked out by another player of the same team along with the ruffs.

If a player stepped over the line of a horse or a half horse when hit, then the hit is not counted. This rule should be immediately told to the children and followed along with them so that no one steps over the lines when throwing.

I talked about family and myself simple version games that can be played already with preschool children. There are more complicated rules games in towns and more complex nuances of this game and figure. If you like it, you can always complicate this game by mastering its adult sports options.

elena kornysheva

Project type: short term

Duration and terms of implementation:

physical education instructor

Kornysheva Elena Viktorovna

Introductory part kta

"I'm not afraid to repeat again and again: taking care of health is the most important work of an educator. Their spiritualized life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, faith in one's own strength depend on the cheerfulness and vivacity of children."

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Project summary

Physical development is one of the main criteria for a child's development. At preschool age, as a result of targeted pedagogical influence, health is formed, the habit of a healthy lifestyle, general endurance, body performance and other qualities necessary for full development personality.

The project has a sports and recreational focus

Objective of the project lies in the fact that children 5-7 years old in kindergarten learn the skills of playing in towns. For our project, we use the Methodological Guide for educators and teachers of preschool organizations (kindergartens), specially developed by the Federation of Urban Sports. 7 years old, among the family teams "Dad, Mom and Me" and among kindergarten teachers and teachers.

The value of this project lies in the fact that all the material closely resonates with the main tasks of educating a healthy, active and creatively thinking younger generation. This contributes to a more successful solution of the problems of the physical development of children, education of the basics of their active life position. Teaching children aged 5-7 years to regular physical exercises through the game of towns allows you to develop in a child at preschool age, the need for sports, as well as involve parents in the physical education of their children, through joint activities by playing "towns". In addition, the musculoskeletal system is actively strengthened in children, psychological resistance to stress is developed, as well as perseverance in achieving the goal.

A country starts with a family. And the well-being of society - from a prosperous childhood in a child. Our goal is to start shaping the moral and physical spirit of a Russian citizen in preschool institutions through the popularization and development of the original Russian game of “towns”. The project contributes to the development of patriotism, fortitude, love for the Motherland and the history of one's state, through the occupation of the native Russian game "Gorodki".

“Folk sports are an important part of the culture of the multinational people of Russia. Our country can rightfully be proud of its folk games and competitions that have come down to us from ancient times, which are distinguished by their special originality. national views sports could contribute to the rallying of the Russian multinational society, so their development must be raised to the level of state policy” President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin

The relevance of the project.

The actual task of physical education, - says the Concept of preschool education, - is the search for effective means improvement and development of the motor sphere of preschool children on the basis of the formation of their need for movements. The entire organization of the child's life in a preschool educational institution should have a health-improving orientation.

At preschool age, as a result of targeted pedagogical influence, health, the habit of a healthy lifestyle, general endurance, body performance and other qualities necessary for the full development of the individual are formed.

Modern children experience “motor deficit”, i.e. the number of movements they make during the day is below the age norm. It's no secret that children are at home most time is spent in a static position (at tables, watching TV, playing quiet games). This increases the static load on certain muscle groups and causes them to fatigue. The strength and performance of skeletal muscles are reduced, which entails a violation of posture, flat feet, a delay in age-related development, speed, agility, coordination of movements, endurance, flexibility and strength. Physically weakened children are subject to rapid fatigue, their emotional tone and mood are reduced, which in turn negatively affects the nature of their mental performance.

This project will be useful for children, teachers and parents. The project will be implemented on the basis of GBOU School No. 1716 "Evrika - Ogonyok", as well as a gorosh playground on the territory of the Kolomenskoye estate (competitions are held here).

Objective of the project:

Strengthen the health and increase the efficiency of children through the organization of the Russian game "Gorodki"

Prepare children and teachers for participation in competitions.

Project objectives:

Wellness - to promote the harmonious development of the child, resistant to diseases and adverse environmental influences.

Educational - development of basic physical qualities, the acquisition of vitally important motor skills and abilities, the development of the psycho-emotional sphere. Teach the skills of playing towns

Educational - education of a steady interest in systematic physical exercises.

Update the development environment in this area

Enter extra classes

Orient teachers and parents to help children work in this direction.

target group pa:

children 6-7 years old, parents,

physical education instructor

group educators

Expected results you.

For kids:

1. Increasing the level of physical readiness;

2. Increased emotional, psychological, physical well-being;

3. Improvement of somatic indicators of health;

4. Existence of the need for a healthy lifestyle and the possibilities of its provision.

5. Improving motor skills and motor abilities

For parents:

1. Preservation and strengthening of children's health;

2. Pedagogical, psychological assistance;

For teachers:

1. Increasing the theoretical level and professionalism of teachers;

2. Introduction of health technologies, modern forms and new methods of work on the formation healthy lifestyle life in preschoolers;

3. Personal and professional growth;

4. Self-realization;

5. Moral satisfaction.

Work on the project provides an opportunity to develop motor potential, self-confidence. Such qualities as endurance, attentiveness, the ability to control one’s body are acquired, the child is given the opportunity to feel the joy of sports movement

Resource support of the project:

Computer, projector, screen for demonstrating a presentation on familiarization with the game "Gorodki"

Sets for playing "Gorodki" (2 bits and 5 towns) - 2 pcs. for children and 2 pcs. For adults

A playground with special markings for playing "Gorodki"

Main part of the project

The kindergarten is currently faced with the acute question of ways to improve health promotion, movement development and, in general, physical development children as a fundamental component of human culture. One of the main tasks facing preschool teachers is the education of a healthy person.

Implementation principles kta

The principle of scientificity implies the reinforcement of all recreational activities with scientifically based and practically adapted methods.

The principle of integrity, complexity pedagogical processes is expressed in the continuity of the healing process and involves the close interaction of teachers and medical workers DOW.

The principle of systematicity and consistency implies the relationship of knowledge, skills and abilities.

The principle of connection between theory and practice forms in children the ability to apply their knowledge on the preservation and promotion of health in Everyday life.

The principle of repeating skills and abilities is one of the most important, since as a result of repeated repetitions, dynamic stereotypes are developed.

The principle of accessibility makes it possible to exclude harmful consequences for the body of children as a result of excessive demands and physical exertion.

The principle of active learning obliges to build the learning process using active forms and teaching methods that contribute to the development of independence, initiative and creativity in children.

The principle of communication helps to educate children in the need for communication, in the process of which the social motivation of health is formed.

The principle of effectiveness implies obtaining a positive result health work regardless of the age and level of physical development of children.

Stages and terms of implementation tions

1. Introduce the Russian folk game gorodki, the history of its occurrence, develop the ability to distinguish, name and build figures.

2. To teach the correct stance, actions with a bat, methods of throwing at a distance and a goal; show the importance of correct technique to achieve the final result.

3. Learn to play by the rules, in teams, focus on achieving the final result, learn to beat the town out of the city.

4. Develop speed - power reaction, coordination, bodily dexterity; to form independence in motor activity, the ability to concentrate on the task, a sense of self-confidence.

First stage

To solve the first task, it was supposed to conduct an introductory conversation with the children. The topic of the conversation is “What is “Gorodki”. At this stage, it was supposed to acquaint children with the history of the game gorodki, with the name of the equipment for the game (bits, gorodki - ruhi, what the inventory is made of, with the rules of a safe game; the correct stance of the gorodki, actions with a bat, methods of throwing at a distance, at a target Then the presentation “Gorodki” was shown with images of gorodki figures, markings of the site, etc., a fragment of the film “Forgotten Games” was also shown. It should be noted that the most excellent gorodki players were the brilliant writer Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who played gorodki until a ripe old age, and it’s not even a secret that the first Russian emperor Peter I was a big fan of gorodki.

For solutions second task it is necessary to introduce children to the elements of the technique of the game gorodki. Main regime moments: evening. Here, for working with children, it was supposed to use fragments from cartoons. They will form a positive emotional mood. The game "Who will pass the bat faster", "Through the bits of the strip" was also used.

Second phase associated with a cycle of classes using the game gorodki. The implementation of the task was built in such a way that the main activity of the children took place in the classroom for pre-planned circle work. Circle work took place in the evening hours outside of physical education classes.

Children mastered actions with a bat (sight, swing, throw, practiced the skill of throwing a bat at a target, at a distance, consolidated the ability to build urban figures (fence, star, well, fork, machine gun nest, shooting range, letter).

Tasks of circle work:

1. Promote the comprehensive harmonic and physical development of children and improve their health.

2. Involve children in regular activities exercise.

3. Develop physical qualities in children.

Accuracy

Agility

4. To educate moral and volitional qualities:

Patience

purposefulness

Excerpt

organization

Determination

5. carry out general physical training of children and, on its basis, improve the technique of movements:

Starting position

6. teach children the simplest labor skills:

Remove items

arrange items

Be careful with inventory.

third floor up includes the following tasks:

1. Selection of games that can be used in independent activities of older preschool children

The solution of the first task was carried out by selecting games that will contribute to the development of physical qualities.

"Pass the Bat"

"Throw an arrow"

"Guess the figure in the picture."

Didactic games:

"Name the Shape"

"Build the same"

"Who owns the town"

The final diagnostics of the effectiveness assessment in its content practically corresponds to the methodology of the ascertaining experiment and includes such methods as:

1. "Knocking out one ruff"

2. "Knocking out the whole figure from the city"

3. Movement of arms and legs in the sagittal plane.

4. Coordination of movements of arms and legs in the horizontal plane

5. Throwing at a horizontal target

6. Throwing a bag (150-200 gr.) Right and left hand

Another important indicator quality of the work was the analysis of children's products creative activity about our activities

To correct typical technical errors and to more successfully and quickly master the technique, visual material. For example, if the child did not hold the bat correctly, his attention was immediately drawn to the illustration depicting the correct grip.

Team participation in competitions

Final part of the project

Reflection. The expected results are fully consistent with the objectives of the project. I consider the project successfully completed, since in the competition for the "Moscow Cup" gold autumn”Children showed quite a good result in playing “Gorodki” with children of senior preschool age”: out of 52 teams, our team of children took 12th place. During the project, it was possible to establish trusting relationship with the parents of students. It was possible to increase interest in the game "Gorodki" both among children, their parents, and among teachers of our educational organization. Everyone is looking forward to new workouts.

For best results it is necessary to equip the site with a special coating.

We plan to create parent-child teams to participate in family competitions "Dad, Mom, I'm a city family."

The game of towns consists in knocking out pieces built from five towns from a limited area called a "city", with beats from a certain distance.

For the game of towns, 15 pieces are used. The sequence and their correct setting in a batch of 15 figures is shown in the figure:


1. Cannon	2. Fork	3. Star

4. Arrow	5. Well	6. Crankshaft

7. Artillery	8. Racket	9. Machine gun nest

10 Cancer	11. Sentinels	12. Sickle

13. Tyr	14. Plane	15. Letter

The winner is the player or team that spends the least number of bits to knock out the figures. The pieces start to knock out from the knight (far line). If at least one town is knocked out, the rest are knocked out from the semi-con (near lane); the “closed letter” figure is knocked out only from the horse, and first - the town in the center, denoting the “mark”. In each game, 6, 10 or 15 pieces can be played. All figures, except for the 15th, are built on the front line of the city. The town is considered to be knocked out when it has completely entered the back or side lines of the city. If the town flies forward to the foul line or beyond it in the direction of the semi-con, then it is placed in the suburbs, against the city center: 20 cm from the foul line, if at least one town is knocked out of the figure or 40 cm, if not knocked out of the figure not a single town. A town that has gone beyond the line and again rolled into a city or suburb is considered to be knocked out.

The city site is located on a flat horizontal area measuring 30 (22) x 15 (12) meters.

The area bounded by two side lines and the front bar, from which the figures are thrown, is called a horse. The distance from the bar to the end line is 13 m or 6.5 m.
The area bounded by the side lines, the front bar and the pommel bar at the back, from which throws are made after knocking out at least one town (except for the “Letter” figure), is called a semi-con. The distance from the front bar of the polycon to the front line is 6.5 m.
The surface of horses and semi-cones must be hard enough to prevent shoes from slipping. The most preferred surface is asphalt.

"City" - a zone having the shape of a square with a side of 2 m, within which the figures are installed.
"Suburb" - a zone located between the front and penalty lines, limited from the sides by continuations of the "city" diagonals. In the center of the "suburb" at a distance of 20 and 40 cm from the penalty line, two marks 20 cm long are applied to install penal towns on them.

The penalty line and the area in front of it are called the penalty area. It is covered with sand or covered with an aqueous suspension of chalk.

Sheets on which two “cities” with “suburbs” are marked must have a size of at least 8.0 x 3.5 m and be located strictly horizontally (a town calmly laid anywhere in a “city” or “suburb” should not spontaneously roll in any direction, provided that there are no influences on it - wind, shaking of the site.

The side lines of the horse and semi-cone must be strictly opposite the side lines of the "city", taking into account the fact that the width of the boundary lines of the "city" and the side lines of the "suburb" is included in the dimensions of the "city", "suburb", and the width of the boundary lines of the horse and semi-cone in these zones are not included.

Marking lines 2 cm wide are painted with paint that contrasts with the coating.

The game of gorodki has more than two hundred years of history in Russia, where gorodki were invented. Lenin and Leo Tolstoy, Chaliapin and Gorky, Pavlov and Stalin played towns. Find out about this interesting game!

An alternative name for the towns is "Russian bowling"
. Indeed, these sports disciplines have a lot in common, in particular, the measured pace of the game, similar goals and the structure of the competitive process.

In order to play towns, you will need minimum inventory and basic information about creating shapes from the so-called towns (hence the name) - compact blocks of wood.

Townships are very popular and are primordially Russian sport. Outwardly, this game may not look very exciting, but in reality it is a multifaceted and interesting sport, which we will discuss in more detail below.

Story

According to the most common version, towns appeared in the 18th century on the territory of Russia, and since then have been one of the most common folk pastimes. Of course, during the development of this sport, the rules could vary and differ depending, for example, on the region.

Consolidated borough rules did not come into existence until 1923., and after that in 1933 the rules were updated and the schemes of the standard 15 figures appeared, which are used in the gameplay.

citizens Soviet Union love the towns. This sport was very popular in many regions, although Muscovites were always the leaders in team competitions, who took the highest awards.

After the 60s of the previous century, the number of athletes was about 350 thousand.

Further, the popularity of this sport gradually declined, and, by the collapse of the Union, or rather after the collapse, the towns became an almost completely forgotten sport that few people were interested in. Oddly enough, but after the 2000s, the popularity of the townships is growing again, the sport has gained new fans.

Furthermore, the popularity of small towns has long spread beyond Russia. Now this sport is international and attracts athletes from different countries.

For this period, there are regular European Cups and World Championships.

Description and modern rules of the game in gorodki

Generally, the game is the process of knocking towns out of space on a flat surface which is called "city".

Players take turns throwing a bat (essentially a stick of wood) at various pieces. The goal is to knock out all the pieces in the least number of throws., at least you should make fewer throws than your opponent.

So, there are 15 pieces and a play space. Each player knocks out figures by throws, which always consist of five towns - cylinders of wood.

Knocking out figures is required in a special way. It is necessary that the towns are carried out for the back or side parts of the game square. In the game square 2 by 2 meters and figures are built, if after the roll the towns remain in a square, you need to make the following rolls until the figure is knocked out.

When the first figure is knocked out, the next one is set and so on until the 15th figure. After that, the process can be repeated depending on the regulations.

As a rule, three games are played, but the score is kept by the number of shots spent.(bit) for knocking out figures, the player with the fewest shots wins.

Also, scoring can be carried out on each throw, each knocked out town gives 1 point. However this system is less common in competitions (and in simple games) is rarely used.

There are rules for throwing a bat, which must be done without significant slowness (about half a minute per throw) and direct the bat to a special playing area.

In front of the square in which the pieces are set, there is a line behind which you need to make the first touch with the bat. If the bat lands before the line or touches the line, then the throw is not counted, by the way, in order to accurately fix the touch, the line, as a rule, is marked with a layer of sand or earth and updated between throws in the process of setting the figures.

There is bit length limit - no more than one meter. As a rule, bits are supplied with metal frames, which allow them to be kept intact for many throws. After all, the towns are most often played on asphalt, against which the wood beats and deforms over time.

Also there are rules about a fixed distance to a square with figures. First, throws are made from the so-called “kona”, which is located 13 meters from the figures.

But if the initial throw knocked out at least one town, then the player goes to the so-called "half-con", that is, the space for throws 6.5 meters from the square.

Competitions by town

For this period, the towns are most common, as a professional sport, in countries such as:

Russia;
Ukraine;
Estonia;
Germany;
Belarus;
Latvia;
Mongolia;
Moldova;
Armenia;
Azerbaijan;
Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
Finland.

The federation of almost each of the listed countries holds its own competitions within the framework of the national championship. In addition, there are local competitions in some individual cities, where there are clubs of urban sports enthusiasts.

World and European Championships are mostly held in Russian cities but may be in other countries.

In general, there are a huge number of tournaments in the towns, ranging from very local to large international ones. And in order to participate in small tournaments, usually, nothing more than pre-registration and a basic understanding of the sport is required.

Tactics and technique of playing gorodki

Basic a feature of the towns is a competent throwing technique. In fact, it is thanks to the throws that the main tactics of the game are built.

Can be used for throws different type grip:

short- the bat is taken from the very edge, the edge of the palm lies exactly along the edge of the bat;
average- the palm is located at a distance of a couple of palms from the edge;
deep- the beat is taken closer to the middle.

Each player performs throws with the most comfortable grip., there are no rules to follow.

Actually, the throw is performed approximately from the side and from below, the bat flies above the ground without changing altitude, and begins to descend and slow down almost above the figure itself.

Throwing technique in the towns requires a detailed and thorough study. In order to acquire normal technique and be able to shoot down various figures, a considerable amount of training will be required.

We will not go into this topic, at the end of the paragraph we will only say about the possibility of using team tactics (the order of throwers, substitutions, etc.) in team competitions in which teams of at least five people each take part.

Area

Usually, the playground for playing towns has a length of at least twenty meters, and a diameter of about 15, although the sizes may well vary depending on the conditions and type of game.

On the back (behind the "city") there may be an elevation or some kind of limiting structures that allow the towns to especially not scatter and are easier to collect.

The game square in front has a special marking, which is located diagonally from the edges of the front line, this markup is called "mustache" and limits the zone for which the departure or rolling out of the town is counted.

The standard platform often consists of two sections for Game, nearby. This arrangement makes it more convenient to compete, since the players of opposite teams do not need to wait for the opponent's throws, they simply knock down the pieces in succession, and the judges fix the result.

Figures for playing towns - schemes

There is a standard series of figures(although some players can come up with their own, in particular, it is very interesting to provide such an opportunity for children to develop their imagination) from 15 schemes.

Each figure is five towns folded on the front line of the city in the middle, with the exception of the 15th figure - a letter.

The names and sequence of the figures are as follows:

"A gun",
"Fork",
"Star",
"Arrow",
"Well",
"Crankshaft",
"Artillery",
"Racket",
"Machine Gun Nest"
"Crayfish",
"Sentry",
"Sickle",
"Tir",
"Airplane",
"Letter".

This is the classical sequence and number of figures, but this scheme may vary in different batches. In particular, shortened parties are more common, which consist of 10 or 6 figures.

Dimensions

Dimensions each town is 20 centimeters long, a diameter near 5 centimeters.

The dimensions of the space for the game are described earlier, it should only be noted the distance requirement - at least two meters between two neighboring cities and the presence of the so-called "suburb", which is formed by the lines of the "whiskers", the front line of the city and the line between the "whiskers" (it is located one meter from the front line of the square).

"Suburb" is used to set up campuses, which, after throws, roll out or fly forward towards the player.

What qualities does the game develop?

You don't need to be physically fit to play gorodki, but the game isn't as easy as it sounds. If outwardly the throws look simple, then in reality, new players almost never hit the bat at first, not only in the towns, but generally close to the “city”.

It should be noted endurance development for players in towns, since a match can last from two or more hours in a row.

Of the main developed qualities athletes It should be noted:

accuracy;
dexterity;
coordination of movements;
eye gauge;
hand strength.

As a rule, towns are called sports for pensioners, but often young people prefer this game, and the towns provide them with an improvement in many physical data, as well as development at the level of tactical and logical thinking.

Towns for children

In conclusion, let's say a few words about the towns for children. Similar physical activity will also be useful for young age , and the towns can be perfectly adapted to the parameters of the children's body. In particular, the size of the bat and the distance from the horse to the city are reduced.

Through the adaptation of the game, children can get the opportunity to feel comfortable and hone their throwing skills.

For children, towns are useful for the development of mindfulness and concentration.. Given the possibility of a very long continuation of each individual match, the towns can help keep the younger generation engaged in interesting and useful activities.

Creating a children's kit may not require any financial investment at all. As well as inventory for standard towns, inventory for children's towns is easy to do on your own.

Video lessons: rules and techniques for playing gorodki

Jun 1, 2017 Alexandra

Dear colleagues, I wish you success!

I hope that this practical conversation has replenished your knowledge of Russian folk games and you will definitely play!

I wish you a pleasant time!

Physical instructor Temnova Tamara Alekseevna.

Dear colleagues!

An analysis of indicators of health, physical and motor development of children of senior preschool age indicates alarming trends that continue to worsen at the present time. According to E.N. Vavilova, N.A. Notkina, M.A. Pravdova, Yu.K. Chernyshenko, V.I. Usakov, from 30% to 40% of children of senior preschool age have low level motor development.

The reasons for this lie in modern image life. The reality surrounding children has changed. Exciting team games have been replaced by computer games. The priority is the intellectual and aesthetic development of the child. Without denying their importance, it must be admitted that the child has less and less time for outdoor games, walks, and communication with peers. Imbalance between play and other children's activities, between different types games (moving and calm, individual and joint) negatively affects both the state of health and the level of development of motor abilities of preschoolers.

In older preschool age, such properties are intensively developed. nervous system, as strength, mobility, balance, the ability to motor differentiation, guessing the trajectories of movement is formed. In older preschool children conditioned reflexes are developed quickly, but the game is one of those types of children's activities that is used by adults to educate preschoolers, teaching them various actions with objects, methods and means of communication. In the game, the child develops as a personality, he forms those aspects of the psyche, on which the success of his educational and labor activity, his relationship with people.

For example, in the game such a quality of the child's personality is formed as self-regulation of actions, taking into account the tasks of quantitative activity. The most important achievement is the acquisition of a sense of collectivism. It not only characterizes the moral character of the child, but also restructures his intellectual sphere in a significant way, since in collective game there is an interaction of different meanings, the development of event content and the achievement of a common game goal.

It is proved that in the game children get the first experience of collective thinking. Scientists believe that children's games spontaneously, but naturally, arose as a reflection of labor and social activities adult people. However, it is known that the ability to play does not arise by automatically transferring into the game what is learned in everyday life. Children need to be involved in the game. And on what content will be invested by adults in the games offered to children, the success of the society in transferring its culture to the younger generation depends. Outdoor games

If the town after the impact rolled in one direction, and then changed the direction of movement to the opposite, then the judge rolls it back to the place from which it rolled back.

A town is considered to have been knocked out if it has completely gone beyond the "city" or "suburb" in any direction. Townships that rolled out of these zones and rolled back are considered knocked out.

Party win

The game is considered won by the team that knocked out all the pieces of this game with fewer bits. With an equal number of bits spent on knocking out all the pieces, the game is considered a draw.

The game is won by one of the teams if: in a game of three games the score is 2:0, 2:1, 2.5:0.

Everyone playing gets 2 bits and throws them one by oneanother, trying knock out the towns from the city. At the start of the game bits are thrown off the horse and then when at least knocked out of the figure one town, the players come closer and throw bats from the half-cone. After all are knocked out small towns figures, placed new figure.

By the rules of this game certain

the number and order of figures. You agree on the number of pieces before the game. They can be 3-4.

The one who wins knock out the towns of all figures, doing lessnumber of beats.

Rules of the game in "Gorodki"

As you already know, "Gorodki" is an old folk sport game. Required for the game sticks - bits and towns - "ruhi".

Is drawn on the ground square, sideswhich are equal to 1m, is a "city". On the distance 2m. from himline - half-cone, fromwe draw another ode to this line, at a distance 1m., - con, with which the players start throwing beats. Small towns in the form various figures placed on front line of the city.

The game is started by the team (participants) of the right "city", then the throws are performed alternately, using two bits in each output. Players are required to go to the "con" or "half-con" and return through the sidelines.

Participants of both teams during the throws must be on the side of their "cities".

A player is prohibited from making two throws with the same bat in one run.

If the towns move for any reason before the bit touches them (or flies past them), then they are set to their previous position, the bat is returned and the throw is repeated.

If the towns move as a result of the platform shaking (or from the wind) after the throw, when the bat did not touch the towns, then they are restored to their previous position, but the bat is not returned.

contribute to the motor development of children. The game improves many skills, motor skills, as well as speed and agility, strength and endurance. Obviously, folk games and physical exercises are not only necessary, but also represent great value in terms of replenishing the spiritual and physical culture personality. They contribute to the transfer of vital skills and abilities, the education of morality, respect for folk traditions and customs, they contain great educational opportunities. By definition, A.V. Zaporozhets, outdoor games are the first form of activity accessible to preschoolers, which involves the conscious reproduction of the skill of movements.

In solving this problem, the identification of new sources of replenishment and enrichment of funds is of paramount importance.

* motor development of the child. In this aspect, it should be very effective to use folk traditions physical education, therefore it is very important to enrich the motor development of children of senior preschool age based on the use of the Russian folk game "towns".

The following are determined as the main tasks of the motor development of preschoolers when studying in "Gorodki":

Contribute to increasing the level of arbitrariness of motor actions; mastering the technique of movements and their coordination; focus on the result when performing physical exercises; develop the motor qualities and abilities of children;

Achieve conscious, active, with due muscle tension performance by children of all movements; teach children to control and evaluate their movements; form initial ideas in games and exercises; encourage the manifestation of creativity in motor activity, purposefully develop speed and general endurance;

To form a culture of movements among preschoolers, motor enrichment of children's experience with all available movements.

The game is the leading activity of the preschooler. Teaching preschoolers to play "Gorodki", the goal is to:

- arouse a steady interest in the game and, on this basis, create the prerequisites for the physical improvement of the child;

- enrich the motor experience of children with motor actions

City figures

Scheme of the town site

Kon

Teach correct technique performing elements of the game in "Gorodki";

Promote the development of motor abilities;

To form habits and stereotypes of a healthy lifestyle.

The tradition of our preschool- be healthy!

V. A. Sukhomlinsky argued that “Care for the health of a child is, first of all, concern for the harmonious fullness of all physical and spiritual forces, and the crown of this harmony is the joy of creativity.” Therefore, in working with children, we remember and try to follow the commandments formulated by the brilliant Russian director K. S. Stanislavsky: the difficult must be made familiar, and the familiar must be made easy and pleasant.

Gorodki is an old Russian game. This game develops an eye, accuracy of movements, strengthens the muscles of the arms and shoulder girdle, and evokes strong emotions.

"Towns"

There are a huge number of games in the world. But today I want to tell you about one interesting folk game- "Towns". Once this game was played all over Russia and it was very popular among both adults and children.

You can play this game in your sports fields.

What is needed for this game? We need sticks - bits and towns.

A square is drawn on the ground, the side of which is 1m. This city. At a distance of 2 m from the city, we draw a line called a half-con. From this line at a distance of 1m. another line is drawn from which the players throw bats. This line is called con. Small towns in the form of various figures, and there are only fifteen such figures, are alternately placed on the front line of the city. Eachthe figure consists of five "ryukh" - towns.