What year Khrushchev was elected. Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich: biography, period of reign and years of life of a corn lover

1. Childhood and youth
2. At the head of the USSR
3. Foreign policy
4. Reforms within the country
5. Death
6. Personal life
7. Biography score

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Childhood and youth

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was born on April 3 (15), 1894, in the village of Kalinovka, in the Kursk province, into a miner's family.

In the summer he helped his family by working as a shepherd. I went to school during the winter. In 1908, he became an apprentice to a locksmith at the E.T. Bosse machine-building and iron foundry. In 1912 he began to work as a mechanic at the mine. For this reason, in 1914 he was not taken to the front.

In 1918 he joined the Bolsheviks and took a direct part in the Civil War. After 2 years he graduated from the army party school, participated in military events in Georgia.

In 1922 he became a student of the working faculty of the Dontechnical School in Yuzovka. In the summer of 1925 he became the party leader of the Petrov-Maryinsky district of the Stalin district.

At the head of the USSR

Khrushchev owned the initiative for the removal and subsequent arrest of L.P. Beria.

At the 20th Congress of the CPSU, he exposed the personality cult of I.V. Stalin.

In October 1957, he took the initiative to remove Marshal G.K. Zhukov from the Presidium of the Central Committee and release him from the duties of the Ministry of Defense.

March 27, 1958 was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers Soviet Union. At the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, he came up with the idea new program parties. She was accepted.

Foreign policy

studying short biography Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich , you should know that he was a bright player on the foreign policy scene. More than once he took the initiative for the simultaneous disarmament with the United States and the cessation of nuclear weapons testing.

In 1955 he visited Geneva and met with D. D. Eisenhower. From September 15 to 27, he visited the United States, spoke at the UN General Assembly. His bright, emotional speech went down in world history.

June 4, 1961 Khrushchev met with D. Kennedy. It was the first and only meeting of the two leaders.

Reforms within the country

During Khrushchev's reign public economy sharply turned towards the consumer. In 1957, the USSR found itself in a state of default. Most citizens have lost their savings.

In 1958, Khrushchev took the initiative against private subsidiary plots. Beginning in 1959, people living in the settlements were forbidden to keep livestock. The personal cattle of the inhabitants of the collective farms were redeemed by the state.

Against the background of the mass slaughter of livestock, the position of the peasantry was worsened. In 1962, the “corn campaign” began. 37,000,000 hectares were sown, but only 7,000,000 hectares managed to mature.

Under Khrushchev, a course was taken for the development of virgin lands and the rehabilitation of the victims of Stalinist repressions. Gradually, the principle of "irremovability of personnel" was implemented. The heads of the union republics received more independence.

In 1961, the first manned flight into space took place. In the same year, the Berlin Wall was erected.

Death

After being removed from power, N. S. Khrushchev lived in retirement for some time. He passed away on September 11, 1971. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Personal life

Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev was married 3 times. With first wife , E. I. Pisareva, he lived in marriage for 6 years, until her death from typhus in 1920.

Khrushchev's great-granddaughter, Nina, now lives in the United States.

Other biography options

• In 1959, during the American National Exhibition, Khrushchev first tasted Pepsi-Cola, inadvertently becoming the brand's advertising face, because the next day all the publications of the world published this picture.
• Khrushchev's famous phrase about "Kuzkin's mother" was translated literally. AT English version it sounded like "Kuzma's Mother", which took on a new, sinister connotation.

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, and in 1958 - N. S. Khrushchev . The entry of N. S. Khrushchev into the power structures of the first echelon was accompanied by a sharp intra-party struggle between those who were already members of the party elite - G. M. Malenkov, L. P. Beria, N. A. Bulganin, V. M. Molotov, Kaganovich . However, more socially adapted, politically flexible, able to instantly respond to the social challenges of the time - to carry out reforms in the direction of creating a more comfortable conditions social life citizens - immigrants from the worker-peasant environment - became N.S. Khrushchev. Having removed his political opponents, N. S. Khrushchev concentrated in his hands the highest positions - party and government.

N. S. Khrushchev went down in history as a “generator” of ideas: he thought in the direction of creating a favorable social environment, holding diverse events in the main spheres of society’s life, expanding the field of social activity, enriching it with new, interesting and promising forms, directions and opportunities for their practical development.

The main idea during the years of N. S. Khrushchev's rule was the creation of a favorable social climate in connection with the policy of rehabilitating the victims of Stalinist repressions. Overcoming the harshness of the Stalinist regime, accompanied by mass repressions against all categories of citizens, which plunged society into a depressed state, became a kind of leitmotif of the first years political activity N. S. Khrushchev and his entourage.

In this regard, fateful and, at the same time, shocking both for the whole country and for the countries of the socialist camp, was the 20th Congress of the CPSU “On the personality cult of I.V. Stalin”, held on February 15-24, 1956. At the last meeting of the congress, N. S. Khrushchev’s report, in which I. V. Stalin’s policy was analyzed: V. I. Lenin’s “Political Testament” was announced, which warned party bodies against the figure of I. V. Stalin as politically ambitious and tough, facts of fabricated judicial cases, the figures of Stalinist repressions were announced, defeatist operations were named during the Great Patriotic War through the fault of I.V. Stalin.

It was clear that even Khrushchev's report, published with censorship, would have a wide political resonance not only in the USSR, but also in the countries of the socialist camp. However, such a lightning-fast reaction from the countries of the socialist camp, in which there were attempts to overthrow the communist regimes, could not be foreseen: (Hungary - 1956, later Czechoslovakia - 1968, East Germany - the GDR, Poland - the end of the 1960s.) . To maintain order, raise authority Communist Party and keeping the socialist regime in these countries, the Soviet Union brought in its troops.

After the 20th Congress of the CPSU, a consistently pursued policy of rehabilitating the victims of Stalinist repressions was initiated within the country. That is why the years of N. S. Khrushchev’s reign are characterized as “Thaw”, according to the novel of the same name by I. G. Ehrenburg: innocent people were rehabilitated, many families acquired an honest name, whose members suffered from the repressive policies of I. V. Stalin.

Nevertheless, the ideological political line of N. S. Khrushchev was sustained in the spirit of communist dogma - with a special understanding of the role of the CPSU in the life of society - as a vector of development ("guiding and guiding"), following communist imperatives, suppressing any manifestation of free thought. However, the removal of political opponents was accompanied by their displacement to lower positions in the apparatus of civil servants (officials).

In 1961, at the XXII Congress of the CPSU, the third program for building communism in the Soviet country was adopted.

Socio-economic processes

Economic transformations were aimed at improving the living conditions of people, expanding economic opportunities, identifying the economic potential of the territories and the possibilities of its use in terms of developing the country's internal economic resources.

1954 - 1956 - the development of virgin lands of Kazakhstan, the Volga region, Siberia, the South Urals began, North Caucasus; on the basis of enthusiasm, citizenship and social duty, at the call of the CPSU, the younger generation came and settled in these territories.

In 1955, under the influence of N. S. Khrushchev's trip to the USA, where he was shown the principles of developing the agricultural sector based on the introduction of crops, a corn company and a meat company were launched. The consequences of such drastic innovations in the agrarian vector of the country turned out to be very dramatic: due to the failure of one, another failed. Corn is a heat-loving crop, not adapted to harsh climatic conditions.

Therefore, the widespread sowing of corn led to disruptions in harvesting and, accordingly, failure to fulfill the plan for harvesting meat and dairy products. In terms of the development of the collective farm movement, trends were identified that can be assessed in different ways today (either as positive or negative): - the consolidation of collective farms, the elimination of MTS and their transfer to the subordination of collective farms at the expense of collective farm funds, the restriction of private household plots (personal subsidiary plots in terms of the reduction of land allotments, the reduction of personal livestock and the prohibition of the use of livestock feed bought in state or cooperative stores).

In line with the idea of ​​improving the working and living conditions of citizens in 1956, the Law on State Pensions for Workers and Employees would be issued. From 1957 - 1958 the process of transferring collective farmers to a fixed salary began, and in 1964 collective farmers were included in the category of citizens who were assigned an old-age pension, although their retirement age was five years higher.

In 1957, in accordance with the adopted resolution "On the Development of Housing Construction in the USSR", the Program for the Construction of Social Housing (the so-called "Khrushchevkas") was launched. It is noteworthy that housing was provided to citizens free of charge in the order of priority established at work. According to architectural projects, multi-apartment residential buildings were built of brick according to the existing state standards; The apartments were mostly small. However, taking into account the fact that citizens lived in communal apartments that arose since 1921 (NEP), the provision of free separate housing for each family was perceived as a real improvement measure. social conditions. This apartment building was designed to last 125 years.

In 1957, in order to create effective system management of the national economy, decentralization of the management system took place: the renaming of sectoral ministries into Soviets National economy(Sovnarhozy) and the organization of these authorities on the ground (in the regions of the country).

In 1959, universal compulsory eight-year education was introduced as part of an educational reform. This reform was all constructively conceived in terms of training qualified personnel and strengthening the multi-level education system - school - college - university.

In 1960, the Peoples' Friendship University named after P. Lumumba was opened in Moscow, where foreign students studied, among other things.

Since the second half of the 1950s. started era of scientific and technological revolution (scientific and technological revolution ), associated with the active development of various areas of science and technology. Expansion of the scientific field of activity, involvement of the country's intellectual elite in this process (three titans of scientific research thought - M. V. Keldysh, I. V. Kurchatov, S. P. Korolev) took place taking into account the selection of development vectors. One of these priority areas was the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes. So, in 1954 in the city of

In Obninsk, the world's first nuclear power plant was launched, and subsequently the production of technical equipment for servicing nuclear power plants, the production of semiconductors and ultrasound began. Moreover, in 1957 the world's first nuclear icebreaker "Lenin" was built. Another priority was the development outer space. Breakthroughs were associated with the launch of the first artificial satellite earth (October 4, 1957) and the first manned flight into space (Yu. A. Gagarin), which took place on April 12, 1961.

However, this path also had its ups and downs: in particular, on July 4, 1961, an accident occurred on the nuclear submarine "K - 19", which was rescued by the team (for the first time information about this boat was discovered in the era of "Perestroika" by M. S. Gorbachev).

However, advances in the nuclear and space industries took place during a period when the country was in a state of "cold war" - an acute competition between the USSR and the USA, which was the incentive for such a high level of discoveries.

In general, the socio-economic steps were characterized by intolerance, the desire to achieve quick results, perhaps ill-conceived and sweeping throughout the country, which led to very dramatic consequences.

Led the country from September 7, 1953 to October 14, 1964 Positions held: First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971), Soviet party and statesman. Born on April 5 (17), 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, Kursk province, in a mining family. Got elementary education in the parochial school.

From 1908 he worked as a mechanic, boiler cleaner, was a member of trade unions participated in labor strikes. In the years civil war fought on the side of the Bolsheviks. In 1918 he joined the Communist Party. In the early 1920s, he worked in the mines, studied at the working faculty of the Donetsk Industrial Institute. Later he was engaged in economic and party work in the Donbass and Kyiv. In the 1920s, L.M. Kaganovich was the leader of the Communist Party in Ukraine, and apparently Khrushchev made a favorable impression on him. Shortly after Kaganovich left for Moscow, Khrushchev was sent to study at the Industrial Academy.

Since January 1931 he was at party work in Moscow, in 1935-1938 he was the first secretary of the Moscow regional and city party committees - the Moscow Committee and the Moscow City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. In January 1938 he was appointed first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. In the same year he became a candidate, and in 1939 - a member of the Politburo.

During the Second World War, Khrushchev served as a political commissar of the highest rank (a member of the military councils of a number of fronts) and in 1943 received the rank of lieutenant general; led the partisan movement behind the front line. For the first time post-war years headed the government in Ukraine, while Kaganovich headed the party leadership of the republic. In December 1947, Khrushchev again headed the Communist Party of Ukraine, becoming the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U; held this post until his move to Moscow in December 1949, where he became the first secretary of the Moscow Party Committee and secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).

Khrushchev initiated the consolidation of collective farms (collective farms). This campaign led to a decrease in the number of collective farms within a few years from about 250 thousand to less than 100 thousand. In the early 1950s, he hatched even more radical plans. Khrushchev wanted to turn peasant villages into agro-towns, so that the collective farmers would live in the same houses as the workers, and not have personal plots. Khrushchev's speech published on this occasion in Pravda the next day was refuted in an editorial, which emphasized the debatable nature of the proposals. Yet Khrushchev in October 1952 was appointed one of the main speakers at the 19th Party Congress.

After Stalin's death, when Chairman of the Council of Ministers G.M. Malenkov left the post of secretary of the Central Committee, Khrushchev became the "master" of the party apparatus, although until September 1953 he did not have the title of first secretary. In order to eliminate Beria, Khrushchev entered into an alliance with Malenkov. In September 1953 he took the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

In the first years after Stalin's death, there was talk of "collective leadership," but shortly after Beria's arrest in June 1953, a power struggle began between Malenkov and Khrushchev, in which Khrushchev won. In early 1954, he announced the start of a grand program for the development of virgin lands in order to increase grain production, and in October of that year he headed the Soviet delegation in Beijing.

The reason for Malenkov's resignation from the post of chairman of the Council of Ministers in February 1955 was that Khrushchev managed to convince the Central Committee to support the course towards the predominant development of heavy industry, and consequently the production of weapons, and to abandon Malenkov's idea to give priority to the production of consumer goods. Khrushchev appointed N.A. Bulganin to the post of chairman of the Council of Ministers, securing for himself the position of the first figure in the state.

The most striking event in Khrushchev's career was the 20th Congress of the CPSU, held in 1956. In a report at the congress, he put forward the thesis that the war between capitalism and communism is not "fatally inevitable." At a closed meeting, Khrushchev condemned Stalin, accusing him of mass extermination of people and an erroneous policy that almost ended in the liquidation of the USSR in the war with Nazi Germany. The result of this report was unrest in countries eastern bloc- Poland (October 1956) and Hungary (October and November 1956).

These events undermined Khrushchev's position, especially after it became clear in December 1956 that the implementation of the five-year plan was being disrupted due to insufficient investment. However, at the beginning of 1957, Khrushchev succeeded in persuading the Central Committee to adopt a plan for the reorganization of industrial management at the regional level.

In June 1957, the Presidium (formerly the Politburo) of the Central Committee of the CPSU organized a conspiracy to remove Khrushchev from the post of first secretary of the party. After his return from Finland, he was invited to a meeting of the Presidium, which, by seven votes to four, demanded his resignation. Khrushchev convened a Plenum of the Central Committee, which overturned the decision of the Presidium and dismissed the "anti-Party group" of Molotov, Malenkov and Kaganovich. (At the end of 1957, Khrushchev dismissed the one who supported him in difficult moment Marshal G.K. Zhukov.) He strengthened the Presidium with his supporters, and in March 1958 he took over as chairman of the Council of Ministers, taking all the main levers of power into his own hands.

In 1957, after successful trials intercontinental ballistic missile and the launch of the first satellites into orbit, Khrushchev issued a statement demanding that Western countries "do away with cold war". His demands for a separate peace treaty with East Germany in November 1958, which would have included the resumption of the blockade of West Berlin, led to international crisis. In September 1959, President D. Eisenhower invited Khrushchev to visit the United States.

After a tour of the country, Khrushchev negotiated with Eisenhower at Camp David. International environment became noticeably warmer after Khrushchev agreed to postpone the decision on the question of Berlin, and Eisenhower to convene a conference on highest level which would consider this issue. The summit meeting was scheduled for May 16, 1960. However, on May 1, 1960, a US U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down in the airspace over Sverdlovsk, and the meeting was disrupted.

The "soft" policy toward the United States involved Khrushchev in a covert, if tough, ideological discussion with the Chinese Communists, who condemned negotiations with Eisenhower and did not accept Khrushchev's version of "Leninism." In June 1960, Khrushchev issued a statement about the need to " further development» Marxism-Leninism and taking into account the changed historical conditions in the theory. In November 1960, after a three-week discussion, a congress of representatives of the communist and workers' parties adopted a compromise solution that allowed Khrushchev to conduct diplomatic negotiations on disarmament and peaceful coexistence, while calling for an intensified struggle against capitalism by all means, except military ones.

In September 1960, Khrushchev visited the United States for the second time as head of the Soviet delegation to general assembly UN. During the assembly, he managed to hold large-scale negotiations with the heads of governments of a number of countries. His report to the Assembly contained calls for general disarmament, the immediate elimination of colonialism, and the admission of China to the UN.

In June 1961, Khrushchev met with US President John F. Kennedy and again expressed his demands regarding Berlin. During the summer of 1961 the Soviet foreign policy became more and more rigid, and in September the USSR interrupted a three-year moratorium on testing nuclear weapons by conducting a series of explosions.

In the fall of 1961, at the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, Khrushchev attacked communist leaders Albania (who were not at the congress) for continuing to support the philosophy of "Stalinism". In doing so, he also had in mind the leaders of communist China. October 14, 1964 Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU Khrushchev was relieved of his duties as 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. He was replaced by L.I. Brezhnev, who became the first secretary of the Communist Party, and A.N. Kosygin, who became chairman of the Council of Ministers.

After 1964, Khrushchev, while retaining his seat on the Central Committee, was essentially retired. He formally dissociated himself from the two-volume work Memoirs (1971, 1974) published in the USA under his name. Khrushchev died in Moscow on September 11, 1971.

See also:
. KHRUSHCHEV NIKITA SERGEEVICH (TSB)
. Khrushchev, Khryashchev or Perlmutter? FROM THE BIOGRAPHICAL CHRONICLE OF N.S. KHRUSHCHEV
1894, 17 April. Born in the village of Kalinovka, Kursk province.

1909. Begins to work in the mines and mines of Donbass.

1918. Joins the RCP(b).

1929. Admission to study at the Industrial Academy in Moscow.

1932–1934 Work as the second, and then the first secretary of the Moscow city and second secretary of the Moscow regional party committees.

1934. Elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

1935. Elected first secretary of the Moscow regional and city party committees.

1938, January. Elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Becomes a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

1939 March At the Plenum, after the end of the XVIII Party Congress, he was elected a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

1941–1945 Member of the Military Council of the Kiev Special Military District, Southwestern direction, Stalingrad, Southern and 1st Ukrainian fronts.

1947, March-December. Works as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. December. Re-elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

1949, December. He was elected secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and first secretary of the Moscow regional party committee.

1952, October. Speaks at the 19th Party Congress with a report "On changes in the Charter of the CPSU (b)". After graduation XIX Congress Party is elected a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

1953, March 5 He heads the commission for organizing the funeral of Stalin. 5th of March. Released from the duties of the first secretary of the CPSU MK in order to focus on work as secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. September. At the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Party, he is elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

1954, February 23. Makes a report at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the further increase in grain production in the country and on the development of virgin and fallow lands."

1956, February 14. He speaks at the XX Party Congress with the Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU. 25 February. He speaks at a closed meeting of the XX Party Congress with a report "On the cult of personality and its consequences." At the Plenum of the Central Committee after the end of the XX Party Congress, he is elected a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

1957, June 22–29 The confrontation of Khrushchev and his supporters with the "anti-party group" Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov at the Extraordinary Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

1959, January 27. Speaking at an extraordinary XXI Congress CPSU with a report "On the target figures for the development of the national economy of the USSR for 1959-1965."

September 15-27. He makes the first official visit to the United States in the history of Soviet-American relations as head of the Soviet government.

April 14, 1961 Solemn meeting at the Vnukovo airport in Moscow YA Gagarin. In the evening - a government reception in the Kremlin in honor of the first cosmonaut and a speech by Khrushchev. 17 October. He speaks at the XXII Congress of the CPSU with the Report of the Central Committee of the Party. 18 October. Makes a report "On the program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" at the XXII Congress of the CPSU.

1962, December 12. Makes a report "Overcoming the crisis in the Caribbean - a major victory for the policy of peace" at the session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

November 10, 1970 Forced to sign a statement for Pravda stating that he did not send his memoirs to the West.

1971, 5 September. Suffering a third heart attack. 11 September. The death of N.S. Khrushchev in the Central Clinical Hospital of Moscow.

Source of information: A.A. Dantsev. Rulers of Russia: XX century. Rostov-on-Don, publishing house "Phoenix", 2000. Events during the reign of Khrushchev:
1955 - The Warsaw Pact is signed.
1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU condemning Stalin's personality cult
1956 - suppression of the uprising in Budapest, Hungary
1957 - an unsuccessful attempt to remove Nikita Khrushchev by an "anti-party group" led by Malenkov, Molotov, Kaganovich and Shepilov, who "joined them"
1957 - October 4 launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite (Sputnik-1)
1958 - crop failure
1959 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students
1960 - Khrushchev announces that communism will be built by 1980
1960 - removal of Stalin from the mausoleum.
1960 - successful flight of the dogs Belka and Strelka into space
1961 - denomination 10 times and the introduction of new money
1961 - renaming of Stalingrad to Volgograd
1961 - the world's first manned space flight; Yuri Gagarin became the first cosmonaut
1961 - the construction of the Berlin Wall by the GDR authorities
1962 - "Caribbean crisis" almost led to the use of nuclear weapons
1962 - shooting of a rally in Novocherkassk
1963 - construction of Khrushchev
1964 - October. The removal of Khrushchev at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU by L. I. Brezhnev.

X Ruschev Nikita Sergeevich - Soviet statesman and party leader, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, lieutenant general.

Born on April 5 (17), 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, Dmitrievsky district, Kursk province, now Khomutovsky district, Kursk region, in a working class family. Russian. Member of the RCP(b)/CPSU since 1918.

From childhood, he worked as a laborer for the landowner. From 1909 he was a locksmith apprentice at the Bosse plant in Yuzovka (now Donetsk), from 1912 he was a locksmith at the mines in Yuzovka, from 1915 he was a locksmith in workshops there. In 1917 he returned to his homeland, chairman of the committee of the poor in his native village of Kalinovka.

Member of the Civil War, since 1918 in the Red Army: Red Army soldier, chairman of the regiment's party cell, battalion commissar in the 9th rifle division 12th Army, instructor of the political department in the 9th Kuban Army, political worker in the Donetsk Labor Army. He fought on the Southern Front and in the Kuban.

In 1922 he was demobilized, he was an assistant to the manager of the mine of the Rutchenkovka mine administration in Yuzovka.

In 1925 he graduated from the workers' faculty in Yuzovka, during his studies he was the secretary of the party cell there. Since 1925 - First Secretary of the Petrov-Maryinsky District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in Yuzovka, since 1926 - Head of the Organizational Department, then Deputy Secretary of the District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in Stalino. Since 1928 - deputy head of the organizational and administrative department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in Kharkov and Kyiv.

From 1929 he studied at Industrial Academy named after I.V. Stalin in Moscow. From January 1931 - first secretary of the Baumansky, from July 1931 - the Krasnopresnensky district party committee in Moscow. Since January 1932 - the second secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU (b).

From January 1934 - First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From March 1935 - First Secretary of the Moscow Committee and the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU (b). From February 1938 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

During the Great Patriotic War, N.S. Khrushchev was a member of the Military Councils of the Southwestern direction (08/10/1941 - 06/23/1942), Southwestern (09/26/1941 - 07/12/1942), Stalingrad (07/12/1942 - 12/31/1942 ), Southern (01/1/1943 - 02/28/1943), Voronezh (03/2/1943 - 10/20/1943), 1st Ukrainian (10/20/1943 - 08/1/1944) fronts. Participated in the Kiev and Sumy-Kharkov defensive operations, Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya and Kharkov (May 1942) offensive operations., The last of which ended in a catastrophic defeat of the Red Army, participated in the defensive and offensive stages Battle of Stalingrad, Rostov offensive operation, in Battle of Kursk and in the battle for the Dnieper, in the Proskurov-Chernivtsi offensive operation.

In February 1944 - December 1947 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (since 1946 - the Council of Ministers) of the Ukrainian SSR. From December 26, 1947 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine. From December 16, 1949 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and at the same time (until March 10, 1953) First Secretary of the Moscow Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From December 16, 1949 to January 25, 1950 - simultaneously the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

Later, holding the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, N.S. Khrushchev, from March 27, 1958, was simultaneously the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

At by order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 16, 1954 for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet people, in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal (No. 6759).

At by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 8, 1957, noting the outstanding services of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Comrade Khrushchev N.S. in the development and implementation of measures for the development of virgin and fallow lands, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".

At Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 17, 1961 for outstanding services in leadership in the creation and development of the rocket industry, science and technology and the successful implementation of the world's first space flight Soviet man on the Vostok satellite ship, which discovered new era in space exploration, was awarded the Order of Lenin and the third gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".

At Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 16, 1964 for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in building a communist society, strengthening the economic and defense might of the Soviet Union, developing fraternal friendship among the peoples of the USSR, in pursuing the Leninist peace-loving policy and noting exceptional services in the fight against Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War, in connection with the 70th anniversary of the birth Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star"(No. 11220).

Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (03/22/1939 - 10/05/1952), member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (10/16/1952 - 10/14/1964).

At the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU on October 14, 1964, N.S. Khrushchev was relieved of his duties as the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and a member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. The next day, October 15, Khrushchev was also relieved of his duties as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

Personal pensioner of allied significance. Died September 11, 1971. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Lieutenant General (02/12/1943). Awarded 7 orders of Lenin (05/13/1935, 04/16/1944, 01/23/1948, 04/16/1954, 04/08/1957, 06/17/1961, 04/16/1964), orders of Suvorov 1st degree (05/2/1945), Kutuzov 1st degree (08/27/1943), Suvorov 2nd degree (04/09/1943), Patriotic War 1st degree (02/1/1945), Red Banner of Labor (02/7/1939), medals "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree, "For the defense of Stalingrad", "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945", "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", other medals, foreign awards: orders white lion(Czechoslovakia, 1964), "Star of the Socialist Republic of Romania" (1964), Georgy Dimitrov (Bulgaria, 1964), Karl Marx (German Democratic Republic, 1964), Sukhe Bator (Mongolia, 1964), "Nile Necklace" (Egypt, 1964), medal "20 years of the Slovak National Uprising" (Czechoslovakia, 1964). Hero People's Republic Bulgaria (1964).

Honorary citizen of the cities of Sofia (Bulgaria, 1962), Varna (Bulgaria, 1962). Monuments of N.S. Khrushchev installed in Krasnodar Territory and the city of Vladimir. In September 2009, a marble bust was installed in his native village of Kalinovka, Khomutovsky district. On the building of the Donetsk National polytechnic university, where N.S. Khrushchev studied, a memorial plaque was installed.

The writing:
Memories. Selected Fragments. - M.: "Vagrius", 1997.

1953-1964 in the history of the USSR is usually called the "thaw" - at that time the country was ruled by Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.

Khrushchev's main achievement is considered to be the exposure of Stalin's "personality cult". The leader of the party made a corresponding report at the famous XX Congress of the CPSU. Exposure and condemnation mass repression, initiated by Khrushchev, led to an amnesty for political prisoners; this could not but increase the level of popularity of the new leader among the common people.

However, the new political course quarreled between the USSR and China, which preached the ideology of Mao Zedong, and some other countries.

Among the positive aspects of Khrushchev's rule, first of all, it is necessary to name the active exploration of space - the country has firmly taken the position of a leader in this area for long years. A general decrease in the level of censorship, the mass construction of individual housing, the development of remote territories of the country, rapid development science and technology are some of the big pluses of the Khrushchev era.

Cons include an aggressive foreign policy; open use of psychiatry as a punitive branch of medicine; harsh and even brutal anti-religious campaign; severe decline in agriculture.

	Conspiracy against Beria. In the message Supreme Court USSR in December 1953. It was said about Beria: “Becoming in March 1953 the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the defendant, preparing to seize power, began to vigorously promote members of the conspiratorial group to leadership positions, both in central office Ministry of Internal Affairs, and his local authorities, his accomplices cracked down on honest employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, refusing to carry out the criminal orders of the conspirators. In the struggle for power after the death of I. Stalin, N. Khrushchev relied on Zhukov.
	the Program for the Development of Virgin Lands was proclaimed
	XX Congress of the CPSU exposing the personality cult of Stalin The cult of personality of I. Stalin was condemned at: XX Party Congress adoption of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences"
	During the reign of N. Khrushchev, a policy was pursued in relation to some peoples inhabiting the USSR: rehabilitation
	launch of the first artificial earth satellite
	International Festival of Youth and Students.
	The Council of Ministers of the USSR was established in: a) 1938 c) 1956 b) 1946 d) 1964
	replacement of ministries territorial bodies management of the economy - economic councils establishment of the sectoral principle of industrial management
	XXI Congress of the CPSU Building communism by the 80s. Catch up and overtake the USA by 1965.
	The new Program of the Communist Party of the USSR during the reign of N. Khrushchev was adopted: XXII Congress of the CPSU 1961-71 - creation of the material and technical base of communism. 1971-81 - entry into communism.
	Caribbean crisis
	protest of workers in Novocherkassk, suppression of mass demonstrations in Novocherkassk
	The reason for the protests of the population in Novocherkassk in 1962. - Increasing food prices. The reason for the action of the workers in Novocherkassk in 1962, which entailed a clash with the troops and loss of life, was ... an increase in prices for meat and dairy products.
	resignation of N.S. Khrushchev - targeted sabotage of political opponents of N.S. Khrushchev in order to discredit him

1. Amirlan

   Whatever bad things are said about Khrushchev now, there is something to respect him for - if it were not for his competent diplomatic actions during the Caribbean crisis, there might not have been a world at all. At least for that, he should be respected.

2. Rjvbccfh

   The period of Khrushchev's rule cannot be called an independent era. In many ways, it was a continuation of the “Stalin era”. This was expressed in the gigantic achievements of the USSR, which surprised the world. Khrushchev wanted to occupy his own niche in history, and he occupied it as a controversial reformer who changed the USSR and the whole world in many ways.

3. Kirill

   Each ruler during his reign did something good for the country. One is smaller, the other is larger, but still. Khrushchev continued Stalin's policy, but it was not entirely correct. But he also made his own adjustments and changes. Special thanks to him for resolving the Caribbean crisis.

4. crest

   There is nothing about Crimea, but as it turned out 60 years later, this “grand gesture” of his is the most memorable in domestic politics. Deja vu not only with Tavrida. There was also a confrontation with the United States, an arms race, and the Berlin Wall was erected. And then food prices rose, and as a result, a massive demonstration of workers in Novocherkassk.

5. pqazol

   As for me, so N.S. Khrushchev is no politician, absolutely illiterate in this matter. How did he improve the situation in the country? Criticized Stalin? Anyone else would have done it. Send a man into space? This is hardly his accomplishment. Created the conditions for achieving communism by the 80s? Only they began to plant corn everywhere - that's all.

   And what about the "tough and even cruel anti-religious campaign" - but what if the ideology of the state is fundamentally at odds with the worldview of believers? It's a completely natural reaction.

6. Dzhandygov

   Under N. Sergeevich, all citizens of the Soviet Union began to receive separate, individual housing. The USSR adequately responded to the Americans who deployed nuclear missiles around the Union. There were many minuses, but which of the general secretaries did not have them?