Permian period new era. Permian period (Perm). Minerals of the Permian period
- On a visit to
- Perm lizards
- Let's start our journey through the Ocher Museum with the exposition: "The Permian period on the Ocher land", which shows the flora: petrified trunks of Walchs - the first coniferous trees on earth, prints of horsetail and ginkgo leaves, marine fossils. The diorama reveals the conditions for the formation of the "cemetery" of ancient animal lizards. The main character of the diorama is titanophoneus, a huge lizard that moves its head, eyes and lets out a growl, which delights children.
- Ocher Museum of Local Lore named after A.V. Netsvetaeva
- One of the most striking associations with the words "Perm", "Perm Territory", arising from people interested in the past of our planet, is the images of prehistoric lizards that lived on Earth in the Permian period, the last period of the Paleozoic era.
- The remains of Permian amphibians and reptiles, highly conditionally united by the term "lizards", are known from many localities around the world. The most famous locations of Permian tetrapods are in Texas and Arizona in the USA (large labyrinthodont amphibians - kakops and eriops, as well as amazing pelycosaurs - edafosaurs and dimetrodons with "sails" from the spinous processes of the vertebrae towering above the back) were found here), in South Africa on Karru plateau and in our basin of the Northern Dvina and Sukhona rivers (in these localities, individual bones and skeletons of pareiasaurs and animal-toothed lizards are especially common). In terms of the number of finds and the good preservation of the material, the sections located in the vicinity of the town of Kotelnich in the Kirov region are close to these well-known localities among paleontologists.
- However, the Yezhov locality of Permian amphibians and reptiles, located 5 km southwest of the city of Ocher, is no less known both among specialists in Permian tetrapods and among lovers of paleontology. This locality gave a lot of interesting finds and became the main source of information about the most ancient dinocephalic (deinocephalic) tetrapod assemblage, called "Ocher".
- In 1841 Scottish scientist Roderick Impey Murchison organized an expedition to the Perm province. Russian researchers A. Kaizulin and N. Koksharov took part in it.
- The Permian period is the only Russian name in the geochronological table of the Earth's development.
- This name was introduced by a Scottish scientist when studying the structure of the land of the Perm province.
- Roderick Impey Murchison
- Near Ocher, near the village of Yezhovo, in the 1950s of the last century, a giant cemetery of lizards was found at a depth of 15 m, which lived here 250 million years ago - in the Permian geological period.
- Found it, one might say, by accident. A curious boy from the village of Yezhovo, not far from Ocher, picked up green pebbles even before the war. When Pavel Kasyanov began to study at the Perm Pedagogical Institute, he showed these stones to his teacher P.M. Ryzhkov. Green stones turned out to be a rare mineral - volkonskoite. During his excavations, the bones of ancient lizards were found at the mineral deposits. Efremov, Chudinov, Ozhgibesov - the luminaries of world paleontology admitted in those years that it is unlikely that in the near future there will be something better than the Ocher (Yezhov) excavations. The whole Volkonskoit was taken out, the found skeletons of ancient animals were packed and sent to the capital. And since that time, Ocher has been firmly associated with this event - the discovery of animal lizards.
- The location is located on a hillside, above the right bank of the stream, near the village of Yezhovo. At present, in the ravines left from the excavations carried out by the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1952, 1957, 1958 and 1960. under the guidance of the outstanding Permian paleontologist P.K. It has been suggested that the Ezhov locality is of Early Tatar, i.e., Urzhumian age (Babenyshev, 1997); however, judging by the taxonomic composition of plant remains often found together with tetrapod bones, the age may be much older, Kazanian.
- For the first time in the practice of paleontology, a bulldozer was used to remove sedimentary rocks of the Quaternary period. The top layer was removed from two to five meters.
- Petr Konstantinovich Chudinov, leader of the paleontological expedition 1957-1960. He writes to the Ocher local historian A.V. Netsvetaev: “When I get to them (to the lizards), then as a sign of the deepest respect for you, I will name one of them in your honor.”
- PC. Chudinov - the discoverer of the Ocher fauna of the Permian period
- Pyotr Konstantinovich Chudinov (January 4, 1922, Yugo-Kama Plant (now Yugo-Kama, Perm Region) - March 5, 2002) - geologist, paleontologist, specialist in the field of paleoherpetology of the Permian period.
- Great help to paleontologists in discovering the remains of ancient animals was provided by the local historian Alexander Vasilyevich Netsvetaev.
- The name of A.V. Netsvetaev is far known outside the Kama region.
- A participant in three wars, a nurse, an amateur gardener, an excellent teacher and researcher, he made a great contribution to the study of his native land.
- The Ocher expedition was very fruitful. Found 10 complete skeletons. 30 skulls, 250 different animal bones previously unknown to science.
- One of the species of Late Permian lizards is named Ocheriya Netsvetaeva in honor of the Ocher local historian.
- The author of the reconstruction of the lizard is Andrey Filenko, teacher of the history of the city of Perm.
- Scientists consider Estemmenazuha to be the largest animal of the discovered Permian lizards.
- This is a small animal up to one and a half meters in height and up to two meters in length. Reminds me of a modern hippopotamus. The head is massive with two horns on top. The tail resembles a crocodile. The paws are trimmed. Animals are herbivores. They were found in the lagoons of warm seas and rivers.
- A reconstruction of the skeleton of an amphibious lizard of the Ocher fauna of the Permian period is today presented in the Perm Local History Museum of Antiquity, and its skeleton is on display in the Paleontological Museum of Moscow.
- On August 5, 1991, the Ocher Land hospitably welcomed the participants of the International Geological Congress dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the Permian system of the globe.
- The picture shows the participants of the conference in search of the remains of the Ocher fauna of the Permian period on the section of Yezhovsky Hill.
- The leader of the final excursion to the Ocher locality of Late Permian vertebrates near the village of Yezhovo was Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, researcher of the Moscow Paleontological Museum P.K. Chudinov (on the left in the picture).
- To the right with a camera is Pavel Alekseevich Kasyanov, the discoverer of Volkonskoite in the Urals, a native of the village of Yezhovo.
- Since December 1991, by the Decree of the Perm Regional Executive Committee, Yezhovsky Hill and the territory adjacent to it have been included in the geological natural monument of republican significance.
- An ecological trail and a tourist route approach it.
- The Permian period park was created in 2009 as part of the Ocher-250! and is located on the museum grounds in the historical part of the city.
- In the park there are bronze figures of lizards, colorful and diverse structures for children of different ages, where you can relax with the whole family.
- estemmenosuchus
- Ivantosaurus
- biarmosuchus
- anoplozuh
- Welcome to the Ocher Valley of the Permian Lizards
- Our address: 617140
- Ocher, Perm region, Lenin street, 35.
- Municipal Museum of Local Lore named after A.V. Netsvetaeva
- Zhur. youth technology. Scary-headed in the depths of the Urals. 1958.
- Calendar-reference book of the Perm region. 1963. S. Nikolaev. Ocher lizards.
- PC. Chudinov. Early Terropsids. M. 1963.
- Photo by M. Guseva, S. Kasyanov and others.
- Rice. K. Flerova and others.
- Section Yezhovo - Geological monuments of the Perm region http://www.mi-perm.ru/pk/pam038-1.htm
- The legend of the Perm lizards http://www.probumerang.tv/video/684/
Thanks to the drilling of numerous wells, as well as the study of many other geological outcrops, geologists and paleogeographers came to the conclusion that several types of landscape attractions existed in the Permian period of the history of the Urals - boundless sea with ridges and atolls of reefs, huge shallow lagoons, where various salts were deposited in unimaginable quantities, and never seen by modern earthlings red, yellow, and white giant deserts, and among other things and great plains, furrowed by deltas of now unseen rivers.
AT Permian on land, tree-like club mosses, wedge-leaved lianas, tree-like horsetails, ancient coniferous cordaites, spore and seed ferns predominated, and ginkgoales were encountered. For the first time, real coniferous Walchs became widespread; herbaceous and mossy plants grew. The charred remains of these fossil ancient Permian plants can often be seen in sandstones, siltstones, and clays of the Permian system along river banks in and around the Ocher. The trunks of petrified "ancient coniferous" cordaites sometimes stick out of the outcrops in such numbers that it seems as if once, in the geological past, mole rafting of the forest was carried out here.
The names and events of the life of the stars in the sky above our heads are strangely intertwined with the events of the present, as well as the geological past of the petrified "Ocher" (as scientists all over the world call them) "lizards". In the sky above the excavations and with the naked eye, you can see the closest neighboring galaxy to us - the Andromeda Nebula. On dark August nights, the clearly visible luminous diameter of this galaxy is equal to the diameter of the moon, and the faintly visible lateral spirals of the galaxy have the size of a bucket in the sky of the constellation Ursa Major. Calculations show that the duration of the epoch of mountain building in the history of the Earth and, apparently, the duration of the Permian period, as a scale of geological time, was influenced by the Andromeda Nebula "close" to us.
There are places on earth where history is made. These are the so-called centers of power, and they are located on the territory of the Russian Plain. It was on this land that man appeared, the first state of Hyperborea, the first empire of Arorat, arose here. Epochs pass one by one, and the influence of the Russian Plain is hidden behind every turn of history.
So it was in prehistoric times. The evolution of ancient beings took place on the same earth where man subsequently appeared.
Two riders on a lizard. Hollow pendant, bronze, VIII-X centuries State Historical Museum
Perm fauna.
The Perm Territory revealed to me a lot about the history of our Earth. Here, in the foothills of the Urals, the area is hidden from prying eyes, keeping a lot of mysteries. Perhaps the time has come to lift the “vow of silence” from this region.
Ezhovsky paleontological monument is located in the vicinity of Ocher. Here were found "cemeteries" of ancient lizards, who lived 230 million years ago. For example, a biarmosuchus 1.5 meters long and a skull about 20 cm long was found. It is in the tributaries of the Kama River in the foothills of the Ural Mountains that the most important phase transitions in genetic evolution apparently occur.
Reconstruction of biarmosuch
There are two mechanisms of evolution: gene and neural. Both of these processes, as it were, “happen” in the same places of the Russian Plain and from here they “spread” in waves across the planet. It was in the vicinity of the modern Russian city of Perm, apparently, that a mutation occurred that turned the reptile pangolins into mammals.
The Permian is the last period of the Paleozoic. It began 299 million years ago and lasted 48 million years. Unlike many other geological periods, the Permian was not isolated in the British Isles, but in Russia. The peculiarity of the land near the city of Perm was discovered in 1841 by the British geologist Roderick Murchison. Deposits of the Permian period were also found by him in other territories of the Urals and the Russian Plain.
One of the most famous localities of fossil remains of the Permian period is Chekarda, a Cis-Ural place on the left bank of the Sylva River, and the unique Kotelnichskoe, near the towns of Kotelnich, Sovetsk, Kirov Region.
In the Permian period, the formation of the Gondwana mainland in the southern hemisphere ended - it consisted of modern Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia, and also from the island (at that time it was the island) of Hindustan. As a result of the collision of southern Gondwana with northern Laurasia, many mountains were formed, including the Urals.
Map of the world 200 million years ago
Dinosaurs ruled the earth at that time. But the Permian period ended with their extinction and the emergence of new creatures. It was the beginning of a new era.
If the territory where the remains of the Permian lizards are found has undergone a biological renewal of the planet, it is quite possible to expect the presence of a life-giving force on this earth. Most likely, it was here that human evolution took place. From here, it seems to have settled on the planet Earth.
I am engaged in the study of ancient epics and religions. Many ancient books speak of a certain people from which all others have emerged. The Scandinavian sagas, for example, call this people "giants". As a result of the analysis of various epics, it can be assumed that the spurs of the Ural Mountains were its habitat.
All the oldest sites of Cro-Magnon, the ancestor of people, are located in Eastern Europe, on the tributaries of the Volga and Don. At the same time, the oldest settlement dates back to 50 thousand years BC. Only one Sungir site on one of the small rivers of the Volga system in the Vladimir region is presumably dated to 70 thousand years BC. At the same time, it is known from gene analysis that the ancestors of people at that time were no more than 2000 people.
The reconstruction of the remains of people from the most ancient settlements on the territory of Russia suggests that outwardly people have not changed much. True, the size of the brain of ancient people was larger than that of contemporaries. But the following question is interesting: how did people appear in Sungiri?
This is completely unknown. People arose, as it were, “out of nowhere” - no traces of Cro-Magnons on the planet in the depths of centuries for more than 70 thousand years have yet been found. But, perhaps, their homeland will be found where no one expected to find it - in the Middle and Northern Urals and some islands of the Arctic Ocean.
It is known about the existence in antiquity of a mysterious people, the so-called white-eyed Chud, who had a special beauty and stature. This people owned the secret magic, had a deep knowledge of space and time. By mysterious ties he is connected with the modern Russian ethnos. Moreover, the peoples of the Finno-Ugric group - the Mari, Estonians, Finns, as well as Tatars, Jews, etc., probably also descend from the Chud. However, the Chud mysteriously disappeared from history, and its traces are lost in time.
Nevertheless, in recent times there have been many traces of a mysterious civilization in the north of Russia. If on the Kola Peninsula most of the traces of this mysterious civilization were destroyed by the Valdai glacier, then in the Urals they have survived.
Perm animal style
On the territory of North-Eastern Europe and Western Siberia, archaeologists discover bronze and silver items dating back to the 7th century BC. BC e. - XII century. n. e. Artifacts depicting animals belong to the Perm animal style.
It looks like the products were created in the zone of matriarchy. In any case, the metallurgists were women. This version is supported by the finds of casting molds in female burials. The appearance of the style is associated with the Ananyin archaeological culture. Later, or almost simultaneously, the Scythian animal style appeared in the south in the Russian steppes: residents from the Kama River traded with the Don Scythians.
Undoubtedly, the river Kama is somehow connected with the ancient discipline of love Kama Shastra and the treatise Kama Sutra. The most ancient household items found on the banks of the tributaries of the Kama River are bone and horn combs decorated with figures of birds and animals. Often this is an image of an elk, deer, horse or bird of prey. Bronze pins, bracelets, pendants carry images of snakes, wolves, dogs, bears. A number of researchers correlate them with the Chud people and call them Chud.
One of the main plots is a man and a lizard. Archaeologists have discovered many bronze figurines based on the "Man on a Lizard" story. This symbolically expresses the worldview of ancient people, their understanding of their origin.
Man on a lizard. Bronze. VIII-X centuries Cabinet of Archeology of PSU (Zelikman collection)
In the myths of the ancient pra-Russian peoples, the structure of the Cosmos appears to be three-tiered. All three tiers are connected with each other by the World Mountain or the World Tree. Russia is the territory of the Trinity. Copper and silver plaques of the Perm animal style embody a similar map, where the lower, underground world is represented by a lizard. The upper world - the vault of heaven - is personified by celestial cows. The middle, earthly world is inhabited by cult heroes who have signs of both a person, an animal, and a bird.
Three on a lizard. VIII-X centuries, Cherdyn Museum of Local Lore
Most of the items of the Permian animal style are devoted to the wanderings of these heroes. Similar themes are present in the later epic of the Scandinavians. They are also preserved in Russian fairy tales. Perm animal style is a peculiar and mysterious art of the mysterious Chud people…
The ancient Aryans depicted a populous underground kingdom. The researchers even came up with the stable phrase "underground Perm" - these are incomprehensible animals that can be seen in the lower floor of bronze plaques. These monsters resemble snakes, fish, lizards. Here are the words of D. Anuchin, one of the first researchers of the Permian animal style: “It can be considered undoubted that among the Ural Chud there was a widespread idea of some kind of mythical beast with some signs of a reptile - an elongated head armed with horns and resembling in part a crocodile or rhinoceros, elongated body covered with scales and shields along the back and ending in a more or less short tail. Many decades after these words were written, paleontologists discovered the remains of lizards from the Permian geological period.
It is possible that the depiction of lizards on bronze plaques is due to the finds of Permian lizard burials in the ancient Chud adits. The ancient Chud depicted a person standing on a lizard or saddling it. On the plaque of one of the treasures on the back of a lizard, two creatures very similar to humans are sitting. On a plaque found in Udmurtia, a pangolin with a short tail and three-toed paws is saddled by a winged humanoid creature.
What is it: the fantasies of ancient metallurgists who dug up the skeletons of dinosaurs in underground adits, or archaic memories of bygone times of the Permian period?
Gennady Klimov
Order of books by Gennady Klimov -
Perm animal style is a unique method of metal plasticity. These are bronze-copper cast plates, plaques, pendants, etc. This style is officially dated to the 7th-12th centuries of the new era, although in fact it is quite difficult to establish the exact dating.
Stock Foto A group of man-moose riding a lizard.
What was shown? Quite strange zoomorphic figures: bears, snakes... But what distinguishes this style from other animal styles of the peoples of Eurasia is the presence of a plot of a lizard and an elk-man. This is a complex composition of a man, an elk, a bird and a lizard.
What is the advantage of the Perm animal style? The fact that this collection is recognized by science and clearly attributed.
Local residents of Komi and Komi-Permyaks attributed the authorship of the Perm figurines to the mysterious Chud people. Official Soviet history decided to identify the Chud people with the ancestors of the Komi. With which the Komi themselves do not agree at all. Moreover, when they were found, these same "miraculous images" were tried to be melted down, that is, to get rid of them. They were considered cursed. "Chud" - someone else's, different, some other, alien people. Although this is only one of the interpretations. According to another version, the word "chud" means "wonderful", "wonderful". Miracles were considered wizards, sorcerers.
There is a well-known legend that the Chud went underground with the advent of the historical tribes themselves. It was believed that miracles sometimes performed the substitution of children. That is, they kidnapped children to renew their kind. There are northern Nenets legends about Sirtya, who also live underground and kidnap children. Some contacts of people with miracles are still taking place. These are folk rituals. Miracles are considered the guardians of some places. Who considers them dwarfs, and who, on the contrary, giants.
In a number of cases, the lizard on Permian specimens has such a characteristic occipital horn as in pterosaurs. Yes, and the teeth or fangs of these ancient creatures. Many dinosaurs had feathers. It is interesting that there was once a cult of the lizard (Yasha) in Novgorod. The lizard was considered responsible for fishing and the fishermen brought him some rituals.
Did this lizard really exist? In Russian chronicles (1572) it is said that there was an invasion of river pangolins - crocodiles. Some of them even ate.
In the Permian style, those who created these images undoubtedly considered the pangolin to be real. Everywhere he is depicted in motion, everywhere his eyes are open, his mouth is open. This image shows that there are fish in the belly of the lizard. The author emphasizes that we are dealing with a living being.
Collecting figurines in the Urals began in the 19th century. The lizard then became a stumbling block for scientists. They couldn't understand, of course, where does he come from? Generally speaking lizards of the Perm animal style more like crocodiles. The word "korka-dil" - "a horse covered with a crust" among the ancient Slavs, passed into other languages and returned back to the Russian language already distorted.
perm lizard
Photo In the drawing, two real Perm boys riding a lizard.
More precisely one kid and behind him a girlfriend. The lizard has an occipital horn. Official science cannot explain this in any way, because this cannot be. It seems that there is a collection and it is recognized, it is in a museum in Perm, but we should talk less about it, it would be better not to talk at all, it is somehow inconvenient, because some citizens have questions. And if our science (the sister of pseudo-is-tori) cannot explain something, then we must act as usual - hush up, do not advertise, do not promote.
This figurine is in the Historical Museum near Red Square. Nobody pays any attention to her. Here, apparently, dad took the child for a ride on a home dinosaur.
There are hundreds of such figurines with a lizard in the Permian style. By the way, a lot of lizard bones were found in the Urals, which means they ran here in the Urals and by no means millions of years ago.
It is interesting that on the icon “The Miracle of Theodore Tyrone about the Serpent”, which was painted by Nikifor Savin, one of the best masters of the Stroganov school (XVI - early XVII centuries), a lizard is also depicted in the lower part.
This is apparently about the fact that all the same there was a cult of the lizard on the territory of the Urals. It is present in various images. Lizards obviously symbolized the lower world (Nav). Perm animal style appears and disappears suddenly. This bright unique style and at the same time it cannot be attributed to any ethnic group that exists now, like Akambaro.
We have decided to designate (the rocks) by the name of the ancient kingdom of Biarmia, or Permia, within and near which they were found."
Permian discoverer Sir Roderick Murchison
In the city, whose name is given to a whole geological period, it is impossible not to visit the Museum of Antiquities. Let's look at the skeletons of ancient animals, learn more about them and the Permian period. Looking ahead, I will say that this is one of the most boring museums I have ever been to.
The Museum of Perm Antiquities is one of the youngest museums in Russia. Opened in 2011. Here, as planned, the Permian period has become a symbol of the Perm region.
The Permian geological period (the last in the Paleozoic era) was discovered in 1841 by the Scottish geologist Sir Roderick Murchison.
At first, Murchison was a military man, then, inspired by his wife, he began to study geology. He made a number of expeditions, including to Russia. In addition to the Permian, he discovered and first explored the Silurian and Devonian periods.
1. The museum is located in the city center, on Sibirskaya street, 15
3. Rising to the expositions, the visitor passes by all periods, as if traveling through time. You can read about each period, find out who appeared, who lived in it, when, where and who disappeared. Thus, climbing the stairs is facilitated, and initial knowledge is given. So if you don’t know anything about geological periods, by the time you get up to the 4th floor to the entrance to the museum, remember something
4 The Permian Period Lasted Nearly 50 Million Years
7. We pass into the hall. One of the most popular and favorite exhibits among Permians, although not included in the Permian geological period, is a mammoth. It was found by children in 1927 in the Vereshchaginsky district of the Perm Territory. At first, his tusks were mistaken for roots. In 1946, a skeleton was assembled from bones
8. 41 thousand years ago, this mammoth fell into a swamp, from which the bones are so well preserved
9. They say that in ancient Rome the skeleton of a mammoth was mistaken for the skeleton of a cyclops. And it really looks like the owner of the skull had one eye.
10. With tusks, mammoths helped themselves to get food (for example, dig snow, digging hay). By the way, the tusks are real. Just well polished
11. Foot. The mammoth was found in the same position in which it died in the swamp.
In 2007, the bones of the skeleton were restored and covered with protection.
12. Parts of skeletons are also presented in the museum. The lower jaw of a young mammoth found in the Ilyinsky district of the Perm Territory. Below is the tooth of an adult mammoth
13. And the tusk of a young mammoth
15. And this is Petya the mammoth. Unfortunately, not a real, but a scientific reconstruction of Dima's mammoth cub, actually found in the swamps of the Magadan Region
16. The predatory Tarbosaurus (from the Greek "horror") lived on the territory of Russia, Mongolia and China. It is also called the "frightening lizard"
17. This is a relative of the more popular Tyrannosaurus rex. In the mouth of the Tarbosaurus there were about 60 teeth, reaching up to 85 mm in length.
18. He lived 70 million years ago
19. Woolly rhinoceros was a herbivorous mammal. Lived 500 - 10 thousand years ago, disappeared 8 - 14 thousand years ago due to climate change. His images are found in caves at the sites of ancient people.
20. Diatryma was a bird, but she could not fly. Not so long ago it turned out that this is not a predator, but a herbivore. She ran, reached 2 meters in height, lived 50 million years ago.
Do you think ostriches came from her? Nope. The closest modern relatives are crane-like
21. Here is such an ancient crane)
22. Herbivorous mammal primitive bison. Lived in Eurasia and North America. People of the Stone Age loved to hunt him. Ancestor of modern European bison and American bison. The skull is a little intimidating - the species differs from other bulls in its widely spread horns.
They died out with warming about 10 thousand years. True, there are versions that the Vikings and even the Old Russian princes hunted them
23. Predatory dinosaur Deinonychus. The name is translated from Latin as "terrible claw". Lived 121 - 98 million years ago
24. And now about the animals that lived in the Permian period. Permian lizards.
This crocodile is called Platioposaurus. Most likely it was a fish-eating predator. The species is described from the remains from the sandstones of the Urals
25. Scutosaurs lived 252 - 248 million years ago. Scholars disagree about where they lived. Someone says that these are land animals, someone believes that they lived in fresh water
26. Toothy scutosaurus next to the ancestor of modern frogs and toads - Kamakops. Kamakops (translated as "short-faced from the Kama River") was found in the Perm region. Amphibious, lived mainly on land, and during breeding periods came to the water
27. "A lizard with a crown on its head" - estemmenozukh - was found near the village of Yezhovo in the Ochersky district of the Perm Territory. Its age is about 267 million years. Like a modern hippopotamus, this animal led a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
28. Titanophoneus was found in the Urals and the Volga region. These predators hunted both in water and on land.
29. Top level disguise)
30. Dimetrodon lived 280 - 265 million years ago. Reached up to 4 meters in length. The leather sail, stretched over the outgrowths of the dorsal vertebrae, was a thermoregulator. According to other versions, the sail was needed for camouflage in the thicket or was really a sail when sailing. He grew throughout his life
32. In addition to animals, the museum has a collection of stones. 286 million years ago, the modern Perm region was flooded with the sea, which subsequently formed deposits of potassium-magnesium salts.
33. Famous handsome man, Ural malachite
34. Perm oil. It accumulated in the reefs of the Perm Sea (there were coral reefs and their inhabitants in the sea).
The color of oil is different, from black to light brown. Local oil contains a lot of sulfur, which is not very suitable for processing, but is still used in industry.
35. The museum pays great attention to children. There is an interactive hall, which is the pride of the museum. It was created for children, the guys here can play and learn interesting things.
The drawings were drawn by the children who won the children's paleontological conference, which has been regularly held at the museum for several years.
36. For example, you can draw different dinosaurs
37. And one of the highlights of the hall is an interactive children's project. This is an imitation of one of the largest excavations in domestic paleontology - excavations near the village of Yezhovo. Brushes, skeleton, sand - everything is like the real thing
38. I can imagine how delighted little visitors are. If I had seen such a stand as a child, I don’t know how the story would have turned. Might as well be an archaeologist
The Museum of Perm Antiquities is definitely one of the most boring and interesting museums I have ever been to.
Also in the museum you can visit a poetic excursion (guests will be told about dinosaurs in verse), go with children on an evening excursion in the dark with flashlights (a trip to the past), listen to lectures by specialists at the Children's Paleontological Conference or participate in the Night of Museums (every year a new program, in one of the years, visitors listened to the sound of the waves of the ancient Perm Sea). In general, you will not be bored.
By the way, every third Wednesday of the month the museum can be visited for free. In other cases, you will have to pay 120 rubles for a ticket (a number of benefits are provided). Agree, not so much for so many interesting things and a lot of impressions.