The most necessary things for every mushroom picker are a mushroom picker's calendar and a mushroom guide. After checking with mushroom calendar, you can easily understand which mushrooms to collect at this particular time. Despite the fact that the timing of the appearance of a particular type of fungus is not constant and depends on weather conditions, each fungus has its own certain deadlines beginning and end of the season. Here they are contained in the mushroom picker calendar for 2017. If you forgot the main differences poisonous mushrooms from edible, be sure to refresh your memory by looking at the guide to mushrooms.

Mushroom picker calendar for summer

• Mushrooms in June According to the mushroom picker's calendar, in the first decade of June, lovers of mushroom picking should look for boletus in the pine forest, and boletus in birch groves. In the second half of June, the mushroom season begins at white loaders. Loaders are fruitful mushrooms, they are harvested all summer and until late autumn.
• Mushrooms in July In the first days of July, the season of mushrooms begins, and at the end of the first decade of July, the most desirable mushrooms for the mushroom picker are porcini mushrooms. At the same time, according to the calendar, the first russula appear - the most fruitful mushrooms. They can be found in almost any forest from July to late autumn frosts. In the second half of July in coniferous and mixed forests milk mushrooms begin to come across, black podgruzdki, and on the edges and forest clearings mushroom pickers are pleased with chanterelles and pigs.
• Mushrooms in August August is considered the most mushroom month. In harvest years, mushroom pickers in August collect porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms, saffron mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, russula, boletus and other mushrooms in baskets. At the beginning of August, the first mushrooms appear, and in the middle of the month - waves and whites. The second half of August and the first decade of September - best time for picking mushrooms.

Mushroom picker calendar for autumn

• Gibs in September. In September, mushroom pickers have joy. As the mushroom picker's calendar says: many summer mushrooms, at the same time, autumn mushrooms appear in mass quantities. In the second half of September, part of the mushroom species disappears, but honey agaric, volnushki, whites, boletus, pigs, and white mushrooms are still plentiful.
• Mushrooms in October At the end of October, you can postpone until next year mushroom picker calendar because the mushroom season is ending. In the second decade of October, when the average daily air temperature drops to 4-5 degrees Celsius and night frosts begin, the mushroom picking season will end. However, you can still find young mushrooms, preserved under the foliage and grass of saffron mushrooms, volnushki and whites.

Mushroom calendar 2017

for the Moscow region and central Russia

Mushroom calendar 2017

for the Leningrad region and the northern places of Russia

Mushroom season in the forests Leningrad region- time from August to November. There are countless mushroom places in the Leningrad Region, the main thing is to know when to pick this or that mushroom. This will help the mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region. Edible mushrooms in the Leningrad region are diverse: these are bright boletus, and appetizing boletus, valuable porcini mushrooms and boletus, red chanterelles, slippery butterflies and mossiness mushrooms, as well as volnushki, milk mushrooms and honey mushrooms. If you check the mushroom picker's calendar, you can pick up delicious morels, and raincoats, and russula. Do not be lazy, in the right weather after the rain, look at the mushroom calendar and get ready for a mushroom picking trip. Focus on the mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad Region below.

Mushroom guide

There are no reliable methods to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms by eye, so the only way out is to know each of the mushrooms. If the species affiliation of mushrooms is in doubt, it is by no means worth eating them. Fortunately, among the hundreds of species found in nature, many differ in such clearly defined characters that it is difficult to confuse them with others. However, it is best to always have a mushroom guide handy.

Mushroom guide - How to distinguish edible mushrooms
1 - breast; 2 - camelina; 3 - cone mushroom; 4 - greenish russula; 5 - food russula; 6 - fox.	7 - oiler; 8 - morel; 9 - white mushroom; 10 - large umbrella; 11 - row; 12 - field champignon.
Mushroom guide - How to distinguish poisonous mushrooms
1 - paneolus; 2 - gray float; 3 - luminous talker; 4 - ordinary veselka; 5 - death cap; 6 - white fly agaric (spring).	7 - fly agaric red; 8 - motley champignon; 9 - russula vomit; 10 - value; 11 - entoloma

Taking with you a guide to mushrooms and a mushroom picker's calendar, making your way through the forest in search of mushrooms, you can entertain yourself with a conversation about mushrooms. Share with friends interesting facts about mushrooms.

The most poisonous mushrooms

Undoubtedly poisonous species There are about a hundred mushrooms in Europe. Of these, only eight are deadly poisonous.

• Most poisonous mushroom is Galerina sulciceps growing in Java and Sri Lanka. Even one eaten fruit leads to death in half an hour or an hour.
• In Europe and in North America the most poisonous are white fly agaric (spring) and smelly fly agaric.
• The most poisonous, deadly to humans is the pale grebe, for which no antidote has yet been found.

The largest edible mushrooms

The largest mushroom in the world grows in national park Mahler in the Blue Mountains (Oregon, USA). This mushroom covers an area of ​​890 hectares. However, we are interested in edible mushrooms.

• The largest edible mushroom was discovered in Canada by Jean Guy Richard. The unique raincoat (Calvatia gigantean) had a circumference of 2.64 meters and a weight of 22 kilograms.
• The largest mushroom was found in Italy by Francesco Quito in the province of Bari. The mushroom weighed 14 kilograms.
• The largest of the found truffles weighed even less - only 7 kilograms.

The most expensive mushrooms

• Of course, the most expensive mushrooms are truffles, white and black. Incredibly expensive white truffles grow mainly in Italy, in the Piedmont region. Also, the Perigord black truffle or Tuber melanosporum is considered a real masterpiece of nature.
• Matsutake mushroom competes with truffles for the title of the most expensive mushroom. This mushroom is often called the king of mushrooms due to its rich mushroom aroma and excellent taste. So far, no one has succeeded in artificially growing matsutake, which is why the price for them has increased significantly, unlike truffles, which the Chinese have learned to successfully cultivate.

Now, thanks to the mushroom picker's calendar, you know which mushrooms and when to pick in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. A brief guide to mushrooms will help you distinguish edible and recognize poisonous mushrooms. Happy silent hunting.

October is also a good month. Just like in September, this month you can collect a decent basket of edible mushrooms, if there were no severe frosts and constant heavy rains. So, under the bright leaves, do not miss the caps of mushrooms, russula, oil, mossiness.

And if, nevertheless, small frosts have already come in October, then there is no need to despair here either, since greenfinches and rows are not afraid of them.

So, now about every mushroom that grows in autumn forest, we'll tell you more.

• Porcini

One of the most beloved mushrooms is also found in October, but provided that there were no severe frosts. In mushrooms growing in a pine forest, it is dark brown, often with a purple tint, in a spruce forest it is brown or reddish-brown, in deciduous forests- lighter. The pulp is white, dense, does not change color, which is especially appreciated. Porcini mushrooms are pickled, salted, dried, and fried, so this mushroom is universal.

• boletus

Another one of our favorite edible mushrooms. And although it is called boletus and in fact should grow only under a birch, it can be found in almost all deciduous forests. He gravitates to the edges, hillocks, and also to the light. Boletus often go for drying and pickles.

• Ginger

Many mushroom pickers do not agree that the king of mushrooms is a boletus, and put the saffron milk cap in the first place. It can be found in young pines that grow along the grassy edges of older ones. pine forests. This mushroom is quite recognizable. It is a bright, orange-red mushroom with concentric darker orange zones. Ryzhiky is a valuable mushroom, it does not lose its color even when salted, and, in addition, it has excellent taste.

• oyster mushroom

Oyster mushroom is considered one of the most popular mushrooms that grow late autumn and are not afraid of the cold. Sometimes they grow even until December. Oyster mushroom can be found on aspen, poplar, oak or birch, as well as on rotten stumps. What to do with this mushroom? Usually it is salted, fried, marinated.

• winter mushrooms

Winter mushrooms are an excellent edible find for avid mushroom pickers who love to go mushroom picking even in October. Some even believe that winter mushrooms are tastier than autumn ones. Like it or not, you can check for yourself by going to the forest in October. What do they do with them? Yes, as usual: salted, fried, marinated.

• Row purple

This autumn mushroom also quite popular among mushroom pickers. You can easily recognize him by his purple hat. Interestingly, this mushroom is also not afraid of cold weather, so it grows until December. Ryadovka is most often pickled, fried or salted, as you like more.

• Talker

The talker is a fairly popular edible mushroom, although some believe that it can cause an upset in some people. But this can be avoided if the mushrooms are boiled well, and then all the water is drained. The talker is "friends" with the row, so you can often meet them together in one place. Talkers are salted, marinated and fried. Grow even in November.

• Garlic

Garlic is an edible mushroom that is famous for its garlicky flavor, which is unusual for a mushroom. Therefore, it is often used as a seasoning instead of garlic. When dried, it retains its aroma. Where can you find this garlic substitute? Look for stumps. By the way, it also grows until the end of November.

• Volnushka

Volnushka grows in a variety of forests, but, as a rule, most often in a birch forest. Often mushroom pickers do not collect the wave and bypass it. And all due to the fact that you will have to tinker with it a little when cooking, because if you do not soak it, then it will be bitter. But if you still take the time to this mushroom, then it will pleasantly surprise you with its taste. Moreover, very decent pickles are obtained from the waves, which are eaten once or twice in winter.

• Greenfinch

Zelenushka is a very tasty edible mushroom that forms a mycelium with pine. Zelenushka can be found in November.

• Chanterelles ordinary

Chanterelles are one of the most beloved and famous mushrooms, which is almost never wormy. In mid-October, young chanterelles are already beginning to appear, you just need to notice them under withered foliage. Sometimes they grow right up to December.

• Trembling orange

Trembling is a rather original mushroom for real gourmets. It is known for its delicate, jelly-like texture, as well as its vibrant orange color. You can literally make an omelet that melts in your mouth or a delicious tender soup from a shaker. This mushroom grows not only in October, but throughout the winter to the delight of mushroom pickers. The mushroom is best found in a hazel tree on dead branches.

• ice mushroom

Another original edible mushroom, characterized by a gelatinous consistency. His hat is decorated with translucent spines. Unfortunately, the ice mushroom is quite rare, it is quite difficult to find it.

About heels we call one of the varieties of edible agaric autumn mushrooms. These are the most fruitful and harvested mushrooms, of the most common ones. honey agaric summer and winter. scientific name mushroom "Real honey agaric" or "autumn honey agaric" (Armillariella mellea) . Usually autumn mushrooms complete the mushroom season. AT central Russia they are often called "Assumption" for their massive appearance at the end of August, just in time for the feast of the Assumption Holy Mother of God(August 28). On this day, experienced mushroom pickers go to the forest for the first autumn mushrooms, which bear fruit from now on for two to three weeks. In a dry summer, the first wave of fruiting honey agarics may go unnoticed or move more late deadline. In some regions, a real honey agaric is common throughout the entire Northern Hemisphere, except for permafrost and tropical latitudes, there is a second and even a third wave of fruiting mushrooms, depending on the weather and climatic conditions terrain. There, autumn mushrooms are harvested until mid-October.

In the photo: autumn mushrooms (real honey agaric, Armillariella mellea). On the following pages, see other photos of autumn mushrooms.

When and how to collect autumn mushrooms.

The generosity with which the forest endows us with these fragrant mushrooms is able to saturate everyone, so the appearance of mushrooms is eagerly awaited. Collecting mushrooms is a real pleasure. They meet in families, so they immediately manage to pick up a lot of mushrooms, sometimes at a time and not carry them away. Behind honey mushrooms comes the real " quiet hunting" - Who is first? Attacked mushroom place- cut all the mushrooms at once. Returning again, you can not find them - there are many "hunters". And those cut and laid under a bush, sprinkled with grass and branches, will go unnoticed and wait for your second arrival. But this is if there is a desire to process so many mushrooms later, and you know how to navigate in the forest.

Honey mushrooms are well transported. Stacked in large baskets, buckets, bags, trunks of cars and everything that is at hand at this moment, they are safely delivered to the place of processing. The main thing is to quickly bring them and scatter them so that they do not “burn out”. In cooking, hats and legs of young mushrooms are often used. However, some mushroom pickers prefer to collect mature mushrooms with a large hat. “There is something to pick up with a fork!” they say. In large mushrooms, only hats are collected, their legs are hard and not suitable for food. Overgrown mushrooms or collected in prolonged rainy weather partially lose their attractive appearance, mushroom aroma and taste qualities, but still good and fried, and boiled and pickled. Inexperienced mushroom pickers can confuse autumn mushrooms with false mushrooms similar to them. So you need to know them. features.