The world's most expensive truffle mushroom. Do you know what a truffle is? What does a truffle look like

The cost of Pezizales in the domestic market reaches 100-160 thousand rubles per kilogram.

BLACK TRuffles

1. Black summer truffle (Tuber aestivum) is a valuable commercial product. Possesses high palatability and good aroma.

Widely distributed in Europe and East Asia. It occurs in the south of the European part. In Russia, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in the Crimea. Forms mycorrhiza (root symbiosis) with many types of deciduous and coniferous species, prefers oak. Fruits in May-August. Dimensions: 2-10 cm, weight 20-400 gr.

Recently, a resident of Chelyabinsk discovered real black truffles in the Chelyabinsk region.And a resident of Tomsk found in the forest near the Siberian city as many as 3 kg of valuable mushrooms.

2. Black autumn truffle (Tuber mesentericum) is a valuable commercial product. Differs in high palatability and worthy aroma.

Widely distributed in central and southern Europe. Forms mycorrhiza with many types of deciduous and coniferous species, prefers oak and pine. It bears fruit from September to November (under favorable conditions until December). Sizes: 2-8 cm, 20-320 gr.

3. Black winter truffle (Tuber brumale) is a valuable commercial product. Possesses high palatability and good aroma.

Widely distributed in central and southern Europe. In Russia, it was found on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in the Crimea. Forms mycorrhiza with many types of hardwoods, prefers linden. Fruiting time - December-February (under favorable conditions from August to March). Sizes: 2-8 cm, 20-320 gr.

4. Perigord truffle Tuber melanosporum is the most valuable of the black truffles. Possesses the highest palatability and persistent aroma.

Distributed in western, central and southern Europe. Cultivated. Forms mycorrhiza with many types of deciduous and coniferous species, prefers oak and hazel. Fruiting time - December-January (from November to March under favorable conditions). Sizes: 2-15 cm, 20-1150 gr.

5. Black spring truffle Tuber malenconii - has no commercial value. It has a pronounced unpleasant odor, inedible.

Pretty rare. It is found in the same places as the Perigord truffle (central and southern Europe). Forms mycorrhiza with oak. Fruiting time - February-April. Sizes: from 1 to 4 cm, 5-50 gr.

6. Black smooth truffle Tuber macrosporum is a valuable commercial product. Possesses high palatability and good aroma.

Grows throughout Europe. Cultivated. Forms mycorrhiza with many types of deciduous and coniferous species, prefers oak and pine. Fruiting time - September-November (from August to December under favorable conditions). Sizes: 2-5 cm, 20-125 gr.

7. Black Himalayan truffle Tuber himalayense - often passed off as a black winter truffle when exported to Europe. It has an average taste and a good, but unstable aroma. Unripe mushrooms are tasteless and odorless.

It grows in the Chinese territory of Tibet in the eastern Himalayas. Forms mycorrhiza with Himalayan oak and pine. Fruiting time - December-February (exclusively winter view). Mushrooms are small: 1-3 cm, 5-45 gr.

8. Black Chinese truffle Tuber indicum - by itself, it does not have special taste qualities and has a weak, quickly lost aroma; Unripe mushrooms have no taste or smell at all. It is often artificially flavored and presented as much more expensive winter and Perigord black truffles.

Grows in southwestern China. Forms mycorrhiza with oak, chestnut and pine. Fruiting time - December-feral (under favorable conditions - November-March). Sizes: 2-10 cm, 20-500 gr.

WHITE TRuffles

1. Winter white truffle Tuber magnatum is the most valuable and expensive of all truffles. Possesses the highest palatability and strong persistent aroma.

Found in central and southern Europe. Forms mycorrhiza with many types of deciduous and coniferous species, prefers oak, hazel and pine. Fruiting time - October-November (under favorable conditions from September to January). Sizes: 2-15 cm, 20-1125 g.

2. Whitish truffle Tuber albidum - is not of particular value, although it is collected in places where it grows. It has medium taste and a strong peculiar aroma with a hint of coconut.

Found throughout Europe. Forms mycorrhiza with oaks and pines. Fruiting time - February-March (under favorable conditions from January to April). Average sizes: 2-3 cm, 20-45 gr., but there are specimens up to 10 cm in diameter and weighing 500 gr.

3. March white truffle Tuber borchii - has a medium taste. The smell intensifies with age.

Found throughout central and southern Europe. Forms mycorrhiza with many deciduous and coniferous species. Fruiting time - February-March (under favorable conditions from January). Sizes: 2-7 cm, 20-250 gr.

4. Duron white truffle Tuber excavatum - not a very popular mushroom with a peculiar sweet-spicy aroma. The pulp is very dense. It is not collected en masse.

Found throughout Europe - up to the Urals, capturing Russian territory. Forms mycorrhiza with many deciduous and coniferous species. Fruiting time - September-November (under favorable conditions from August to December). Sizes: 1-4 cm, 5-80 gr.

5. Variegated white truffle Tuber maculatum is not a very popular mushroom with bitter flesh and a faint but pleasant truffle aroma. It is collected only for flavoring, in particular, for truffle oil.

Found throughout Europe and Russia. Forms mycorrhiza with many deciduous and coniferous species, incl. with fir. Fruiting time is short: end of June - beginning of September. Sizes: from 1-2 to 7 cm, 200 gr.

6. Moroccan white truffle Tuber oligospermum - massively collected by the population, but not used in restaurants. It has a weak but pleasant sweetish-nutty aroma, which is somewhat spoiled by noticeable notes of acetylene.

Found throughout the Mediterranean coast and North Africa. Forms mycorrhiza with oak, pine and cedar. Fruiting time is short - May-June. Sizes: 2-5 cm, 20-125 gr.

7. The pubescent white truffle Tuber puberulum is of no commercial value. It is edible, but does not have a pronounced taste and smell.

It is found throughout Europe to the Urals, in particular, in Russia. Forms mycorrhiza with many broad-leaved and coniferous species. Fruiting time: April-October. The mushroom is very small: 0.5-2 cm, 3-20 gr.

8. Oregon Spring White Truffle Tubergibbosum - has a medium pleasant taste and smell with a slight hint of spice.

Found in northwestern North America in the United States and Canada. Forms mycorrhiza with various conifers (pseudo-hemlock, hemlock, pine, spruce). Fruiting time - March-May (under favorable conditions from February to June). Sizes: from 1-7 cm, 5-250 gr.

9. Oregon Autumn White Truffle Tuberoregonense - Taste and smell similar to the Oregon spring truffle, but stronger.

It is found in the northwestern United States - in the states of Washington and Oregon. Forms mycorrhiza with various conifers (pseudo-hemlock, hemlock, fir, pine, spruce). Fruiting time - October-January (under favorable conditions from September to February). Sizes: 1-7 cm, 5-250 gr.

10. White (Polish or Trinity) truffle Choiromyces meandriformis has a fruiting body with light flesh.

This truffle grows in the forests of Western Europe, Ukraine, Belarus and Russia (previously it was mined in large quantities in the vicinity of Aleksandrov and Sergiev Posad).

It is found throughout Europe and in Russia in the Ural region. Forms mycorrhiza with many broad-leaved and coniferous species. Fruiting time - May-August (under favorable conditions from April to September). The mushroom is rather small: 1-3 cm, 5-45 gr.

3. Truffle-pecan (Texas red truffle) (Tuberlyonii) - has a strong pleasant nutty aroma with pronounced notes of fresh corn. Cultivated.

Found in the southeastern United States. It forms mycorrhiza with the pecan tree Carya illinoinensis, after which it is named. Less often - with linden and hawthorn. Fruiting time - July-October (under favorable conditions from June to November). Sizes: 3-7 cm, 45-250 gr.

Among the so-called steppe truffles, "tombolans" (genus Terfezia) are also edible. Grow in Southern Europe, North Africa, on the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan, in Nagorno-Karabakh, the Araks River valley, Central Asia and Turkmenistan ( Terfezia transcaucasica). Steppe truffle grows in the same areas ( Terfezia boudieri).

IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF EUROPEANS

Truffles have been hunted in France and Italy since the 15th century. Moreover, even then they were searched for with the help of specially trained dogs and young piglets, capable of smelling valuable prey at a distance of as much as 20 meters. In addition, in some areas of France, the so-called “hunting for flies” is practiced, because a swarm of midges above the ground in the forest gives out the location of valuable tubers. The fact is that flies from the familyHeleomyzidae lay their eggs in "truffle soil" because their larvae also feed on the underground delicacy.

Truffles belong to the truffle genus of the truffle family (Tuberaceae). These are edible mushrooms, some of which are valuable delicacies.

The fruiting body of the truffle is located underground, it has a round or tuberous shape and a fleshy or cartilaginous texture. The size is variable, from the size of a hazelnut to a potato tuber. On top of the fruiting body is a leathery layer, smooth, cracking or covered with warts. On the cut, the tissue of the fruiting body has a marble pattern in which light and dark veins alternate.

Truffles grow in deciduous forests, under certain trees for each species. For example, black truffle and summer truffle grow under oaks, beeches, hornbeams, hazel, Piedmontese truffle is found next to birches, poplars, elms, lindens, mountain ash, hawthorn.

Truffles are harvested in autumn or early spring. For this purpose, specially trained dogs or pigs are often used.

Real truffles are edible mushrooms. The most valuable species are the Perigord, Piedmontese and winter truffles. Their flesh is characterized by a mushroom flavor with a hint of roasted seeds or walnuts and a strong characteristic aroma. After soaking in water, the truffle acquires the taste of soy sauce. Truffles are often added to dishes raw at the very end of their preparation in order to preserve the aroma of these mushrooms.

Types of truffle mushroom

The fruit body is underground, tuberous or rounded, 2.5-10 cm in diameter. The surface is brown-black or bluish-black, covered with black warts. The pulp of a young fungus is dense, becomes loose over time, the color changes from whitish to brown-yellow and gray-brown, light veins form a marble pattern. The taste is nutty, sweetish, the aroma is pleasant, strong.

It occurs in mixed and deciduous forests, on calcareous soils, under oaks, beeches, hornbeams, birches, in Central Europe, in Russia. The fruiting season begins in summer and continues until early autumn.

Fruiting body from irregularly spherical to almost round in shape, 8-15 cm in diameter. The weight of an adult fungus is 1-1.5 kg. The surface is covered with warts, 2-3 mm in size. The color of the young fungus is reddish-violet, blackens with age. The flesh is white at first, then becomes gray or gray-violet with white and yellowish-brown marble veins. It has a strong and pleasant smell, reminiscent of musk.

Grows in France, Italy, Switzerland, Ukraine. Ripens from November to February-March.

The fruit body is underground, has the shape of irregular tubers 2-12 cm in size and weighing 30-300 g. The surface is uneven, velvety, light ocher or brownish, the skin does not separate from the pulp. The flesh is firm, whitish or yellow-gray, sometimes reddish, with a white and creamy-brown marbled pattern. The taste is pleasant, the smell is spicy, similar to cheese with garlic.

Mycorrhiza forming with oak, willow and poplar, lindens. It is found in deciduous forests in northwestern Italy (Piedmont), in France. The collection of white Piedmontese truffle lasts from September 21 to January 31.

The fruit body is underground, tuberous, rounded or irregular in shape, 3-9 cm in diameter. The surface is reddish-brown, coal-black in old mushrooms, becomes rusty when pressed. The flesh is firm, light, gray or pinkish-brown in color with a white or reddish marbled pattern, dark in older mushrooms. It has a strong characteristic aroma and a pleasant taste with a slight bitterness.

It grows in deciduous forests, on calcareous soil, most often under oaks. Distributed in France, Italy and Spain. The season runs from November to March.

Poisonous and inedible types of truffle mushroom

Mushroom inedible for humans.

The fruit body is rounded, 1-4 cm in size, yellow-brown in color. The smell is sharp, earthy, similar to the smell of potatoes. The surface is finely tuberculate.

Found in Europe and North America, Chile, China, Japan and Taiwan. It grows under coniferous trees, as well as under chestnuts, beeches and oaks, in all seasons, massively in late summer and autumn.

As a substrate for growing truffles, seedlings of oak or common hazel are used. Seedlings are kept under sterile conditions for several weeks in order for the mycelium to take root. After that, the seedlings are planted in the nursery.

The soil for growing truffles should have a pH of 7.5-7.9, a high content of humus and calcium. It should not contain stones, weeds and should not be infested with other types of fungi. Before disembarkation, deep mechanical processing is carried out. Before planting, the soil is not fertilized. The environment must be dry, with an average temperature of 16.5-22°C.

Seedlings are planted in spring. No more than 500 trees per hectare. A little water is poured into the hole, the seedling is covered tightly and watered again. The planting depth is 75 cm. Near each seedling, the top layer of forest soil with fallen leaves and plastic wrap are laid.

The edible part of the truffle is the fruiting body containing the spores. Fruit bodies are located at a depth of about 20 cm. They are dug up with small spatulas. An indicator of the presence of a crop of truffles are the so-called truffle flies.

truffle calories

The calorie content of 100 g of truffle is 25 kcal. The energy value:

• Proteins:…………………….3 g (12 kcal)
• Fats:…………………….0.5 g (5 kcal)
• Carbohydrates:………………….2 g (8 kcal)

• The maximum weight of a truffle reaches 1 kg, although there are also very tiny specimens the size of a pea.
• According to one hypothesis, mature truffles contain anandamide, a psychotropic substance that is similar in action to marijuana.
• In France and Italy, since the 15th century, it has been common to search for truffles growing in the forest with the help of search dogs and pigs, which can smell truffles underground at a distance of up to 20 m.
• In the 19th century, truffles began to be cultivated, in those days they collected up to 1000 tons of these mushrooms. In recent years, the harvest of truffles is about 50 tons. Mushrooms are grown in the USA, Spain, Sweden, New Zealand, Australia and the UK. And at the beginning of the 21st century, China became a major producer of truffles in the world. The Chinese variety is cheaper, but its quality is lower.

Truffle, seemingly unremarkable, but very desirable mushroom, was first noticed in France in the 4th century. Louis - the Sun King - XIV even arranged whole royal trips in search of truffles - something akin to royal hunting, but for mushrooms.

The truffle mushroom is known not only for its specific and very attractive aroma, but, as they say, for its more savory properties. It is believed to be a powerful aphrodisiac for male power.

What smells and tastes like truffle

The truffle tastes like an undercooked potato, the same in structure. Truffle mushroom smells extremely unusual and for each person in different ways. All because of the content of androstenol in its composition (a substance that is actively used in perfumery). For many, the smell of a truffle is extremely pleasant, for some, on the contrary, it resembles the smell of worn socks or sweat, and some people do not feel any smell at all.

Truffle is one of the most expensive marsupial mushrooms. And due to the very limited "circulation", almost everyone believes that truffle dishes are worth their money to the single cent. Any person, for sure, will not refuse to try a truffle, and even if the mushroom does not come from Piedmont or Alba for 4 thousand euros / kilo, but from a forest near Smolensk or Vladimir, then we will not be disappointed, but on the contrary, we will try to find more there. There are many more, you just need to know the places.

How to find truffle mushroom

The truffle is a small tuber that grows underground and only occasionally comes to the surface. He hides under the leaves and soil, but some forest dwellers love him very much and unmistakably find him. Pigs or specially trained dogs help to look for truffles. The dog will have to be trained for quite a long time, and buying an already trained one is extremely expensive. But pigs do not even need to be trained. Since the composition of the truffle contains truffle sulfide, which attracts pigs, as well as androstenol, which is a sex pheromone in pigs.

Truffles are summer and winter, depending on the duration of growth. Winter ones have a brighter aroma, they are larger, they are looked for in summer, and even better - in autumn, so they will become larger. In Russia, mushrooms the size of a walnut are considered the largest, but this is a rare occurrence, usually they are even smaller here. In addition, they differ in color - white, black and even red. The most expensive in the world are white Piedmontese and Perigord truffles.

There are 42 varieties of this mushroom in the world and only a dozen species are valued in haute cuisine. You can also find truffles in Morocco, where they are sold along the road like nuts or chestnuts, and in the Maghreb they are fried with butter and onions like oyster mushrooms. That is, varieties of truffles - the sea, and culinary "pearls", as they should, - a few.

More readily Truffle grows and spreads in warm temperate climates. The soil should always be moist, and the roots of the tree on which it usually grows should be deep and strong. The original homeland of the mushroom was Italy and France, but now it is grown in Austria and China, and most importantly, it can also be found in central Russia. White winter truffle was found in Moscow, Smolensk, Tver, Oryol, Vladimir and Tula regions. The warmer and milder the climatic conditions in the forest, the more likely it is to find a mushroom.

First you need to use the elimination method - this mushroom is quite capricious in terms of choosing a neighborhood, it grows near the rhizome of hornbeams, beeches, hazels, but most of all it likes oak. So the oak grove is the place where you can confidently go in search of it. But it can also be found under a birch and under a hawthorn - the main thing is that the forest is deciduous, the soil is calcareous, and the earth in this place does not freeze too deep.

The collection of black (Russian) truffles is carried out in summer or early autumn. It usually grows close to the surface. Rare for our regions, black winter is usually harvested in early spring, this is March, April. White truffle, which is not so highly valued in cooking, can be found from the beginning of autumn until the onset of winter.

What to look for when looking for a truffle

● To begin with - carefully study the photographs, signs and features of the fungus. It is somewhat reminiscent of a potato with a soft core.
● Acorns that fall from oak trees are especially popular with wood pigs and wild boars. But the smell of truffles attracts them much more, and therefore, under some trees, you can see the broken soil. It is very likely that the animal tried to dig up the mushroom or dug it out. Which means there might be more.

● Specially trained animals - dogs and pigs - smell the scent and show the mushroom pickers where to look. In theory, the pig is looking for it intuitively, unlike the dog, which must be trained in advance.
● It is better to put a muzzle on the pig in advance, as it can eat the mushroom. If there is no muzzle, be more careful and manage to pull away from the found treat. It is worth noting that they smell the smell of truffle at a distance of 25 meters.
● Mushrooms exude the strongest aroma at sunset, when coolness begins to rise from the ground. This is like an additional guide to the animal accompanying you.
● You can also focus on a swarm of small midges that hover over the place where the mushroom grows.
● Small bumps covered with foliage and soil should be carefully excavated and checked.

● In case there are no bumps, dig as carefully as possible, as the truffle grows 10-15 cm underground.
● If you find at least one small tuber, do not stop searching - usually these mushrooms grow in families and almost never - one at a time.
● Most often, the "fish" place is distinguished by sparse vegetation, loose earth of gray-ash color.

How to grow truffle mushroom

To grow a truffle, you need to find or create a place where the temperature will be kept at a relatively constant level throughout the year. It can be a greenhouse or a warm place in the forest (but consider the risk that wild boars will come and eat everything).

Now you need to buy trees whose roots are infected with mycelium. It can be seedlings of walnut, beech, oak. The average price is from 10 to 20 $.

As mentioned earlier, these mushrooms love calcareous soil. You need to add it to the soil yourself or buy special fertilizers for truffles.

No other fertilizers should be used before planting, because the mycelium simply will not develop.

Trees are planted in early spring after frost, when no sharp temperature changes are expected.
The bed in which the tree is planted should be 70-80 cm. First, water is poured into it, and then the plant is planted. With its roots you need to be as careful as possible. From above, the tree is covered with a greenhouse film.

Subject to all conditions, the first mushroom crop will be harvested in 5 years. In another 10 years, the yield will reach a maximum - from 1000 square meters. m. collect up to 5 kg of truffles. Considering that the cost per 1 kilo of truffle in Russia is up to 100 thousand rubles, it is possible to calculate the expected profit - up to 500 thousand rubles per year.

Video how black truffle is grown and harvested

Surely everyone once heard that a truffle is a true delicacy that is available only to people with great financial capabilities. Even today, with the opportunity to grow mushrooms on farms instead of looking for them in the forests, the truffle is still an expensive mushroom. This mushroom of the truffle family belongs to the truffle genus. In addition, it is also called French or Perigord, due to the place of growth. The largest accumulation of these mushrooms was found in France in the Perigord region.

To date, scientists have identified about 32 varieties of different truffles. However, only 8 of them are truly expensive and rare delicacies. The diamond among these mushrooms is the black truffle. Let's find out why.

Description and photo of black truffle

Perhaps one day you will be lucky and you will find black truffles while walking. Also, some specially fly to France in order to try fresh rare mushrooms.

But how to understand that this is the very truffle in front of you? To do this, you need to know how it looks.

From Latin -.

fruiting body

The fruiting body of this mushroom is well remembered by anyone, even from a picture. Firstly, truffles are most often an uneven oval shape, very similar to a potato tuber. Painted in dark color. If you look at the pulp of this mushroom, you will be surprised. At first it has a light beige hue, but when interacting with oxygen, it quickly turns into a black-violet hue. However, white streaks remain inside.

The truffle grows underground, so its skin is hard enough not to deform under the earth.

It has an irregular shape in the form of a tuber. Most often, the diameter of the fruiting body varies from 3 to 10 cm.

The color of the truffle deserves special attention. It has a shade closer to dark brown, however, as it matures, it becomes jet black. However, if you forcefully press on the elastic skin of the mushroom, it will acquire a rusty color. Truffles are very rough. Their surface is covered with all sorts of irregularities and several faces. However, despite this, it is very pleasant in the hand. The skin is cold.

The flesh of this mushroom is quite hard. Therefore, fresh truffles can not impress everyone with their taste. It is believed that the pulp, after interacting with oxygen, gets drunk and becomes truly healthy and tasty.

As for smell, aroma and taste, the pulp has a characteristic strong aroma. It is very pleasant and more mushroomy. The taste is also acceptable, although slightly bitter.

Truffle, like many mushrooms, reproduces by spores. Its powder is dark brown in color. The spores themselves are oval in shape, less often they can be curved and branched.

Where it grows and how to find

If you are eager to try this delicious mushroom, then you definitely need to go to France. It is there that approximately 60% of the total number of black truffles is grown. The largest accumulation is observed in Perigord. This is an area of ​​France that is simply riddled with these mushrooms. Therefore, during the season you will see crowds of tourists here.

Also, in addition to Perigord, you can go to the southeastern part. There is the Gironde and Dordoi. In addition, black truffles are chosen to grow in countries with a warm and pleasant climate. Therefore, they can be found in Italy and Spain. Also present in China.

For a long time it was believed that the truffle is just a kind of growth on the roots of trees. However, these marsupials eventually showed two of their interesting features.

The first feature is that an ignorant person will pass by and never discover that there is a truffle under his feet at a depth of 5 to 20 cm. That is why these mushrooms are very difficult to detect, and they are mined in small quantities. The second feature is that the truffle chooses only calcareous soils for its growth and development, and it also likes to settle next to the roots of trees, where it feels as comfortable as possible.

Also, the truffle is a real fussy in choosing the trees next to which it is going to grow and develop. Most often they accept oaks or hazels.

Why do truffles try to stay close to trees? Most often, they need nutrients that the tree receives from the ground in large quantities. The truffle mycelium is neatly intertwined at the root, as a result of which mineral salts and water necessary for growth and development are obtained.

However, it is a mutually beneficial symbiosis. The tree shares its nutrients, and the truffle mycelium reliably protects the roots from various putrefactive processes.

However, the truffle has a detrimental effect on small vegetation in the form of grasses and moss. It dies, as the nutrients are mainly obtained by trees and mushrooms.

As for the time of collection, the black French truffle bears fruit from December to the twentieth of March. However, truffle hunters take to the train in the first winter months.

In order to find the truffle, the French use specially trained pigs that have the ability to smell over long distances. However, pigs have a detrimental effect on forest soil, destroying it over time. Also, often pigs can damage the mycelium, as a result of which mushrooms will no longer appear in this place. Therefore, in recent times it is customary to use specially trained dogs.

Edibility of black truffle

For what qualities is the black truffle so highly valued?

Gourmets will appreciate the aroma of black truffles. That is why the mushroom has such a high cost. However, everyone's perception of taste and smell is different. Someone says that the mushroom distinctly resembles dark chocolate, while others say that they smell cognac.

Famous chefs believe that this delicacy is ideal as a component of desserts, which is why truffle and almond ice cream is highly valued.

Truffle sauces are especially popular. They turn out tart, tasty, saturated, they can decorate any, even the most insipid dish. Truffle goes well with nuts, so a truffle meat dish usually contains grated almonds, pistachios and hazelnuts.

Useful properties and calorie content

The mushroom is not only extremely tasty, but also very useful. The composition of the truffle contains antioxidants necessary for the human body, which prevent the aging process, activating youth, health and vigor.

Also, it contains the main vitamins necessary for the human body - A, B, folic acid and so on.

However, eating truffles alone will not achieve the desired effect. The content of this product must be appropriate. Ideally, it is recommended to eat a couple of truffles per meal, and not to abuse its consumption more than twice a week. Despite its positive properties, the truffle contains acids, which, in large quantities, can adversely affect the body. In addition, such acids corrode the stomach, in large quantities they can have a detrimental effect on the body if you already had any serious disease of the gastrointestinal tract.

However, if you are a perfectly healthy person, then the truffle will be the perfect addition to your diet.

If you are on a diet, then the black truffle will by no means be a breakdown for you. It has a small amount of calories per 100 g, therefore, it will not affect the beauty of the figure in any way.

Black French truffles themselves have long been considered a good aphrodisiac. Mushrooms are recommended to be consumed if you are struck by gout at an early stage. They make a good mood out of truffles, which really help with diarrhea, vomiting, and also weakness.

How much does a mushroom cost

Truffle is an expensive mushroom. During the period of its maturity and special growth, its prices soar higher than ever. In addition, auctions are held for special types of truffles that grow in certain regions of France. So, a kilo of these mushrooms is taken for crazy money, and of course, they are taken to the largest best restaurants in the world.

Despite the fact that truffles are not stored much, nevertheless, they do not have time to stale. They are bought very quickly despite the high cost, because fresh truffle is a separate kind of pleasure that is not available to many.

Despite the astronomical cost, the truffle is ideal for decorating the menu of any restaurant.

Therefore, do not be surprised that they demand an impressive amount of money for it. The price of a truffle varies depending on where this mushroom was grown, in what conditions and what taste it has.

So, at the very beginning of the season, when the mushrooms are not yet the most mature and have not completely filled with juice and taste, the cost of a mushroom for 1 kg is $ 170. However, once the season is in full force and the truffles are mature, the price rises to around $900 per kg.

Truffle, which grows in certain regions of France, and also has a peculiar taste and bitterness, costs from one and a half thousand dollars per kg.

Kinds

Consider two edible species and one inedible (Deer).

Truffle black winter

The fruit body of the winter black truffle has an irregular spherical shape, almost rounded. It reaches 8 cm and weighs 300 g. The shell of this mushroom has a reddish purple hue, and sometimes even black. The skin is covered in polygons and ridges that need to be brushed off before cooking. The pulp of this mushroom has a dense structure, at first white or beige, then it turns gray and even purple. This mushroom differs from other species in that it has marble veins inside.

The aroma is very tasty, pleasant and persistent, and somewhat reminiscent of musk. During the cut, the mushroom begins to emit a strong smell, which is very similar to nuts. Most often it bears fruit well from November to March. Lives in France, North Ossetia and Crimea.

It is used mainly in restaurants, is part of numerous sauces and dressings.

Truffle black summer

A very specific mushroom that has a fruiting body up to 10 cm in diameter. The surface has a black-brown tint and a bluish glow, which is covered with black warts. The softness of this mushroom is dense, but in older mushrooms it has a looser structure. With age, the color changes, goes from white to brown tones. Then a marble pattern is formed. The pulp has a nutty taste, slightly sweet. The smell is quite pleasant and strong. The spore powder has a yellow-brown tint.

The fungus is distributed from Central Europe, and is also seen in the south of Scandinavia and on the coast of the Caucasus. Most often it is woven into the roots of oak, hornbeam or birch.

Inedible Deer Truffle

Deer truffle is a mushroom that is not edible for humans and can even be harmful to health. Belongs to the genus of marsupial mushrooms. Distributed in Central Europe. It has gray flesh and light gray skin. Contains a lot of poisonous toxic substances, causes poisoning. The smell is unpleasant, however, attracts deer. It was in honor of them that this mushroom was named, which was so fond of these horned ones.

Application in cosmetology and medicine

Based on the black truffle, hair masks are made and used in various luxury beauty salons throughout Europe. It is believed that the antioxidants contained in the truffle effectively affect the growth and structure of the hair, enriching and nourishing it. Vitamins and dietary supplements are also made on the basis of this truffle.

Based on the truffle, eye patches are made that effectively fight puffiness and circles under the eyes. In order to achieve a positive effect, it is necessary to place the patches directly on the lower eyelid and leave for a while.

Recipes

If you were lucky enough to find a black truffle, then you can be congratulated. You are sure to have a delicious dinner.

1. So, first you need to rinse the truffle well.
2. Then, soak it in water for several hours.
3. Dry the truffles and carefully cut into cubes.
4. Then, put it in a blender container.
5. There also add a couple of tablespoons of sour cream, parsley, dill and basil.
6. Blend everything at high speed in a blender.
7. Then refrigerate for a couple of hours to thicken the mixture.

Congratulations, you have made a very tasty sauce.

Another recipe involves baking in the oven.

1. You need to cut your favorite vegetables.
2. Next, cut the pork meat.
3. Put in a baking bag and put in the oven for half an hour at a temperature of 200 degrees.
4. Then, untie the baking bag and add the truffle cut into slices.
5. Also, add chopped tomatoes for juiciness.
6. Put it in the oven for a couple of hours.

Ice cream with truffle

1. Cut the truffle into small pieces.
2. Put in a blender.
3. Also, put yogurt and some milk in there.
4. If desired, add pieces of your favorite fruit.
5. Blend everything thoroughly with a blender.
6. Then, fill the ice cream molds with the resulting mixture, after which, send it to the refrigerator.

Proper storage

In order for the truffle to retain its taste for as long as possible, it is necessary to carry out proper storage. If you want to keep the taste of the mushroom for a long time, it is not recommended to wash it. And in general, make it so that it comes into contact with water. That is why truffles collected in the forest should simply be carefully placed in a container and covered with plastic wrap on top. Store the truffles in a cool place at home or in the refrigerator. Thus, the effect will be created that it is still underground, at a cool temperature, but at the same time, without interacting with oxygen.

Contraindications

Despite the fact that this mushroom is classified as edible, there are still some contraindications that should be taken into account before trying the truffle.

Fresh truffle can be tasted by nursing mothers and pregnant women. However, if the black truffle has been stored in the refrigerator for some time, or not at all in the proper way, then it is recommended to refuse to use it, since the risk of poisoning increases.

If you are allergic to the components in the composition of the truffle, we recommend trying it in small pieces, gradually increasing the amount eaten.

And also, it is recommended to abandon the use of this fungus for people who have a stomach ulcer, as well as other diseases associated with the gastrointestinal tract, digestive organs, and so on.

Black truffle is a unique mushroom that is a real delicacy. Chefs in the most famous and expensive restaurants use it as the main ingredient for their most sophisticated and sumptuous dishes.

But still, with a strong desire, the truffle can be found independently, the main thing is to determine the place and time of the search. Also, it is recommended to take a responsible approach to conservation, because despite its edibility, this mushroom very quickly loses its beneficial properties and acquires negative ones.

What should be said from all of the above? If you are a real gourmet and also love everything new, black truffle should definitely be on the list of foods that you must try. We hope that it will leave you only pleasant impressions.

I remember when I first tasted truffles - as if it was yesterday. Then I already knew a lot about good cuisine. We went to dinner dedicated to one of the most significant events in life, celebrating which we usually do not deny ourselves anything and choose only the best.

Dinner was held in one of the famous restaurants, which has earned many honorary awards and a good reputation among lovers of Italian cuisine. After we were seated at tables covered with gleaming white tablecloths and sparkling glasses, a waiter approached us and offered us a wine list and menu. “I have just received a new batch of white truffles from Alba,” he told us, “Let me say that any dish with them will outperform all other dishes on the menu.”

It was the end of autumn - the height of the white truffle season and these underground mushrooms were discussed in every publication and in every cooking program. Unlike its cousin, the black truffle, the white truffle is a rare delicacy and is considered by many to be one of the most unique foods in the world due to its taste. It cannot be cultivated, but grows in the Piedmont region, in Alba and Asti (areas also known for producing first-class wines). Outwardly, the truffle looks completely unattractive, but the exquisite taste and rarity of the mushroom make it one of the most sought-after and expensive treats in the world. In Italy, various festivals and tastings are devoted to truffles. Every year, gourmets from all over the world come to Piedmont to taste a delicious piece of white truffle.

The hype around this product discouraged me from trying the mushroom myself, but for some reason on this day - it must have been a glint in the waiter's eyes, or maybe Sfurzat from Piedmont - anyway, I chose a dish with white truffle from Alba. It was a simple meal. spaghetti alla chittara with shavings of white truffles and butter. For a snack - fried vegetables and as secondo- Branzino fish (sea bass). So, the dish is in front of me - and I put the first piece of the famous truffle into my mouth. The sensations exceeded all my expectations - I was simply speechless.

It was the best meal I have ever eaten in my life. An incomparable taste - perhaps the fruits in the Garden of Eden have such a taste. Words cannot convey the whole palette of taste and aroma. All my favorite foods and pasta ai ricci, which I tried in Taormina, admiring the sparkling Sicilian sea, and the famous Roman bucatini all'amatriciana and even (let it remain between us) my grandmother's ravioli - faded into the background. The taste of truffles turned out to be divine - you can’t say otherwise!

For several weeks, I only talked about this dish. Now the sensations have smoothed out a bit, but I have definitely turned into an admirer of the white truffle. As soon as I find myself in Italy, I immediately start looking for a place where I could try it again. Truffles are an insanely expensive delicacy, but everyone can afford to taste a small piece. The Piedmontese wines of Barolo, Barbaresco and my favorite, Barbera, are ideal for accompaniment. Truffles are served with various dishes, but I prefer Italian simplicity - pasta with truffles that unforgettable evening became my favorite dish.