Good day, brain! Plastic recycling is a hot topic and it brainguide is one of the answers to it.

Plastic bags are so widespread that they have become one of the elements of littering our space, and the planet as a whole. But not everything is so sad, because you can do it yourself at home, recycle them into sheets of plastic that are useful for your homemade products.

Step 1: Get familiar with the process

Step 2: Materials and Tools

• Plastic bags (HDPE)
• Baking parchment
• baking sheet
• Scissors
• Oven

Step 3: Prepare Packages

To start, copy a large number of bags, I have accumulated about 64 pieces, and as we accumulate, we wash them and dry them.

Please note that for the process described in this brainguide, HDPE bags are needed, low density LDPE will also work, but it has more low temperature melting. Coloring and logos on the packages do not play a role, the main thing is the uniformity of the material, as indicated by the marking.

Step 4: Slicing the bags

We cut dry and clean bags: we cut off the handles and the bottom, thereby we get polyethylene rings, which we also cut along one side. I decided not to use the sides of the bag with the logo, so I cut them off to get a single color. brain plastic.

Step 5: Seal 4 packs

We begin the process of soldering polyethylene sheets obtained earlier by cutting the packages. To do this, tear off a piece of parchment for baking a little larger than plastic sheets and spread it on a heat-resistant surface, for example, on plywood or OSB. We lay out a stack of 4 sheets of polyethylene on parchment, and cover with another piece of parchment on top.

Turn on the iron and set it to average temperature, and when it warms up, we start ironing a stack of polyethylene sheets from the middle to the edges. Well, we iron the sheets over the entire surface, then remove the top parchment and see how the sheets melted. If it’s not very good, then we cover them with parchment again and iron them, but for more high temperature. If holes appear in the fused sheets, the temperature of the iron is too high and must be reduced.

Picking up desired temperature, in the same way we iron the remaining packages, thereby making four-layer sheets, which we will later combine into thicker ones.

Step 6: Soldering Thicker Sheets

Now you need to solder four-layer sheets of polyethylene into thicker ones. way brain test and errors, I came to the conclusion that four-layer sheets are the most optimal. A smaller number of layers melts with the formation of holes, and a larger number is more difficult to solder.

Therefore, we take two four-layer sheets, place them between sheets of parchment and iron at a higher temperature, also from the middle to the edges. To make the process go better, when soldering, we carry out the iron with pressure. As a result, we get already eight-layer sheets of polyethylene.

To make sheets with large quantity layers, then we put a four-layer one on the eight-layer polyethylene and iron it, etc. to the desired thickness of the plastic briquette. In this case, it is recommended to alternate the back and front sides for soldering, that is, turn over after the next soldering, thereby avoiding deformation of the briquettes.

From four-layer sheets, you can sew light raincoats and bags, from eight-layer coats or a bag. 12-layer sheets and more are suitable for creating backpacks and laptop bags. 24-layer polyethylene can be used to create models and crafts, and 64-layer for containers and more durable products.

Step 7: Baking the Polyethylene

To improve the quality of your multi-layer sheets, because sometimes they do not stick well or bubble, you can bake them in the oven. To do this, you need a baking sheet, and preferably two, the same parchment and a few bricks.

We spread parchment on one baking sheet, lay a multi-layered polyethylene on it. brain brick, on top of the polyethylene, another sheet of parchment and another baking sheet, on which we place a brick or two for weighting.

We put the resulting structure in the oven for half an hour with a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius. After the specified time, we take it out and be sure to let it cool, while not removing the bricks to avoid deformation.

When the structure has cooled to room temperature, remove the bricks, take out the baked polyethylene and check its edge. If it is completely soldered, solid, then the process was successful, if it is heterogeneous, there are non-soldered places, then you may have to repeat the process at a higher temperature, up to 230 degrees.

Step 8: Trimming the Edges

In the process of soldering, the edges of the polyethylene briquettes have lost their rectilinear shape, so we take scissors in our hands and give them the desired rectangle shape.

Step 9: Application

Now that plastic bags reworked, included brain-building and create something useful out of briquettes. By the way, this recycled polyethylene can be used in vacuum forming and even for the manufacture of cores for a glue gun.
Good luck in creativity and clean space around you!

Suitable for recycling absolutely all consumer waste. However, not all of them are recycled, due to the high cost of processing equipment or other factors. However, you can also recycle paper at home. So, let's figure out how to recycle paper into bumpy egg pads.

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Divide your waste paper into groups based on product type (cardboard or paper), composition (wood or pulp), color (light, dark, white, etc.), dissolution rate in water, etc. To make an egg carton unnecessary newspapers will do.

Start dissolving the paper by putting it in a special solution. To do this, you need to take water, to which you need to add a special 6% hydrothinner. Under the influence of these materials, the paper is completely shredded and separated into fibers.

Strain the resulting mass through a sieve so that the remaining water does not interfere with the further processing process. At the same time, filter paper pulp follows in two stages - first through a large sieve, and then through a fine one.

Clean the resulting mass from pieces of wood and other substances. Prepare a solution of wax, paraffin and glue in equal proportions. Add strained paper fibers to the warm mass, then mix the resulting mass thoroughly.

Get the plastic egg trays. These can be purchased at a hardware store or simply removed from the refrigerator. Treat the form with sunflower oil from the side that is placed on the table, that is, the form should stand with the egg recesses down. In this case, apply oil to a cotton swab and simply smear the form.

Pour the resulting mass into the form and put in a cool place for 30 minutes. After that, separate the frozen form from the one that was taken to help. The egg tray is ready - you can safely lay eggs in it or distribute such a creation to your friends and relatives. Such a product is especially useful for people who breed chickens and geese.

Attention! If desired, you can add food coloring to the mass obtained for solidification in order to give the tray a certain color.

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How to recycle paper at home

Let's take scraps of old pieces of paper and recycle them into paper. It's much more fun than buying paper from the store.

A little metal mesh on the frame, or old tights and a wire hanger.

Blender or food processor.

Blotter or super absorbent rag

Cutting boards or pieces of plywood.

Paper is made from wood fibers or other plant products. These fibers are mixed in the sheets of paper with other additives depending on the type of paper.

How is it different from commercial processing?

The most big difference, of course, to scale. In addition, the whole process must be continuous and therefore conveyor belts and rollers are involved, and not pantyhose and pieces of wood. Another big difference is that commercial processing removes ink from paper with bleach and other chemicals.

"How to make money in a crisis", "ways of earning", "effective methods" - search engines give out hundreds of resources with recommendations on what to do in a difficult time for Russians. "Connoisseurs" share ideas, ranging from elementary savings to a radical change in work activity.

However, most people do not want to change their lives drastically, and they are looking for some kind of “coven” that would help them stay afloat while maintaining their jobs.

Among the simplest and most effective methods is the delivery of recyclable materials to metal, glass and paper collection points. AiF.ru correspondent found out whether it is possible to make decent money in this field.

waste paper

In each city there are dozens of "acceptances" of waste paper. As recognized Perm businessman Vasily Tyulenev There are two ways in this area. The simplest is to collect all the available paper and take it to these very points.

"The main and, perhaps, the most important question- Where can I get paper? Old magazines, paper scraps, cardboard, and so on will do. Collaborate with printing houses, newspapers, shops,” he says.

In each city there are dozens of "acceptances" of waste paper. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

Prices vary from 2 to 5 rubles per kilogram: paper costs an average of 3 rubles, cardboard - 4 rubles. According to him, in small quantities waste paper big money won't bring. To earn at least a thousand rubles, you need to collect half a ton.

The second option, which requires investment, is to open your own collection point. Here you need a small room, a press, trucks and workers. And the assembled product can already be exported in large volumes to enterprises and factories. There, prices per kilogram are much higher - about 7.5 rubles. Hence the net proceeds - about 3 rubles per kilogram.

“I would like to point out that most companies work on credit. The money is not paid immediately. I brought in hundreds of tons, and within a year they pay you the amount, ”Vasily notes.

As the Permian adds, the crisis does not affect the industry, since the recycling of waste paper "did not arise yesterday." Every year, for example, up to a thousand tons of raw materials are utilized in the Kama region.

Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

“Waste paper is always in demand by enterprises, they have lines. Nobody wants to close. it good business', he concludes.

Outcome: per ton of paper - 3 thousand rubles, when creating your own collection point - from 30 thousand rubles or more.

Glass

The situation with the delivery of glass containers is similar to the paper industry. But here's the dirty work. So, one of the reception points in the center of Perm is located in terrible state- the iron facade is painted with graffiti, the room itself is stuffy and dark, and homeless people settled at the entrance and inside - with knapsacks and rattling packages in their hands.

One beer bottle (it is called "negotiable goods") costs from 10 to 50 kopecks. For a bottle of vodka - one ruble, and a large glass three-liter jar will gladly accept for two rubles.

“Once we receive the right amount, we send the glass to factories and enterprises. The benefit is small: they buy bottles from 30 kopecks to a ruble. They recycle it and make foam and fiberglass,” says a worker at the collection point.

One of the reception points in the center of Perm is in a terrible state. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

According to him, in recent times there are very few customers, and every month it is more and more difficult to collect the necessary glass containers in large volumes for a large sale.

Outcome: for 1000 bottles - 300 rubles; dirty work, the main clients of the "acceptances" are the homeless.

Metal

The scrap metal market is traditionally divided into two parts - black and non-ferrous scrap (copper, aluminum, bronze and others). In general, the structure of the sale of scrap is divided into three stages, says employee of Regionvtormet Ilya Batov.

“At the “lower” level are people involved in the search for scrap. They have some connections or channels to find him. Then they hand over, say, black scrap to “dealers”, who often work without a license and quietly, on average, at a price of 3-4 rubles per kilogram, ”he explains.

"Dealers" take the finished product to the official metal collection points and sell it for 6-7 rubles, from where the scrap goes in large quantities to factories and large enterprises.

Prices for non-ferrous metal are much higher. Usually, along the aforementioned chain, they buy it for 200 rubles per kilogram, then they sell it for 250-270 rubles, and it is sent to factories for 300 rubles. The scrap metal market is regulated by law. The surrender of hatches, rails is strictly prohibited. But "black buyers" do not disdain this. One of the transit points in the city is the central metal market.

"On scrap metal ordinary person it is impossible to earn, since scrap is extremely difficult to find on the streets of the city, it does not roll on the roads. And all the “delicious” places are already taken,” says Ilya.

Outcome: 100 kg of black scrap - 500 rubles, 10 kg of non-ferrous metal - 2000 rubles; almost the entire business is busy - the ordinary citizen only has the opportunity to hand over unnecessary scrap from the garage.

Central metal market in Perm. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

Pawnshop

Going to a pawnshop can be attributed rather not to a way of earning, but to the need to replenish your wallet in a difficult economic period of time. For many, this is a breath of fresh air before the protracted paycheck.

However, this should always be done wisely. First of all, you need to decide on a place. Each pawnshop has its own pricing policy. For example, on the central streets, the percentage of bail is higher than in a remote area of ​​the city.

“People have even stopped taking out loans secured by collateral, but simply bring things and quickly rent them out. The most "trading goods" are tablets, phones and wedding rings. iPhones generally sell like hot cakes, ”says the owner of a Perm pawnshop.

At the same time, the man advises to be wary of imaginary pawnshops. These pseudo-places are actually pure buying things - from gold to forks; even “if a person took money on bail for two days, his thing can be “drained” 10 minutes after he left.”

“Read the contract carefully when you hand over a thing on bail,” he says.

Each pawnshop has its own pricing policy. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov

According to him, pensioners used to come, but now young people with an average income began to look into the pawnshop. When evaluating the goods, almost 70% of the price is immediately reset, and the thing is actually given away for nothing. It doesn't bother the clients.

Jewelry is accepted at the minimum cost - at the price of scrap, that is, that has lost its appearance decorations. On average, the cost of gold, depending on the sample, can vary from 500 to 2 thousand rubles per gram.

Outcome: getting quick money, the pawnshop buys things at the lowest price; there is a chance of getting caught by scammers.

Conclusion

The possibility of earning at the points of reception of raw materials is quite small. Even if you try to rent recyclables on weekends in your free time from your main job, the revenue will be from 2 to 3 thousand rubles a month.

To get at least some decent income, for example, create your own own business, investments and contacts with enterprises and firms are needed. And you should go to a pawnshop only when absolutely necessary - when you urgently need money.

Recycling plastic bottles as a home business, do-it-yourself equipment is of interest to many due to the availability of raw materials. You can only use material that has the appropriate symbol. This is an image of a triangle made up of three arrows. Inside the triangle, the marking of the specific plastic from which the product is made is placed. For recycling, only such plastic is selected, which, when heated, does not emit harmful substances to health.

In some cases, when stripes are made from plastic bottles for the subsequent production of wicker products, bottles from any type of plastic can be used.

interesting material for reuse serve bottles made of HDPE, high-density polyethylene. Plastic is made from petroleum products, it is easily chipped, resistant to alkalis and acids. The scope of manufacturing from such material is very extensive. Tanks for storing motor oils, water, bearings, and various handles were created from it.

Should not be used for recycling at home, plastics with a different marking - when melted, they can release harmful substances or simply spoil the composition.

General principles for recycling plastic containers at home

Plastic becomes plastic at a temperature of 180 ° C, so it can be used for recycling at home. Previously, the plastic is crushed, and then the resulting mass is heated. It is sometimes advised to heat the plastic at home, as it is sometimes advised - in the oven, it is impossible to reach the state of such a liquid, it simply becomes plastic, therefore any product can be easily formed from the heated mass of crushed plastic in the appropriate form, but there will be cavities in the craft.

Modern equipment for small business

Russian-language sites traditionally describe the processes of processing plastic bottles on domestic equipment, which requires more than two hundred square meters to accommodate and about six hundred thousand rubles to purchase. Along with this, today there are a lot of equipment, small in size and very cheap in terms of production cost, for processing plastic bottles at home.

Such equipment does not require a lot of space for placement, it is easy to rebuild it to change the products produced, to do it yourself. Naturally, it will not make it possible to earn millions every month, but it will make a start-up for the processing of plastic raw materials accessible to almost everyone and will serve as a foundation further development similar business.

A complete plastic bottle recycling line includes:

• shredder;
• agglomerator;
• extruder.

Such a set of units will ensure the complete processing of plastic bottles.

shredder

This unit is designed for grinding plastic products. The resulting small plates of plastic are called flex. Industrially manufactured devices are quite expensive.

For example, the simplest AMD-200D crusher, which processes about fifty kilograms of feedstock per hour, will cost about one hundred and thirty-five thousand rubles. And to make such a unit with your own hands will not be much work.

Those interested will benefit from drawings:

If conditions permit and it is possible to place a bath for washing the resulting flex, a centrifuge for drying in the room, it can be limited to its production. Today, according to Flagma, such material is sold from thirty-five to forty-nine rubles per kilogram, and bought - from twenty to thirty-five rubles per kilogram.

Agglomerator

This unit is intended for sintering flex. The cost of the cheapest industrial designs is about two hundred thousand rubles. Therefore, it is not surprising that craftsmen make such units on their own. Of course, it is impossible to make such a unit from scratch without milling and turning. However, you can use the drawing and ask friends working at the factory to make the necessary parts.

Many organizers of the recycling of plastic bottles in garages and other utility rooms Existing electric furnaces are used as the working chamber of the agglomerator outside the attention of government agencies that monitor compliance with sanitary environmental standards, since the flex begins to sinter at temperatures ranging from 180˚C. Dave Hackens' agglomerators are the most popular.

extruder

This unit is a device for obtaining finished products or granules used for subsequent processing. The screws feed the flakes into the chamber, where they are heated and become plastic, up to liquefaction. Passing through the filter, the plastic is cleaned and, after passing through the extruder, it takes the form of threads. These threads can be used for various products, or cut and sold.

Dave Hakkens offers homemade extruders that are combined with a press and allow you to get any product that fits the shape. In the unit, the flex is heated to an almost liquid state and is fed into the mold by screws under pressure.

What can be made from PET bottles

For people who have creative fantasy, plastic bottles - inexhaustible material for inspiration.

You can also make strong ropes from plastic bottles. To do this, you need a "bottle cutter". Craftsmen make this simple device from a blade, a few washers, mounted on a wooden base.

AT assembled bottle cutter looks like this.

Spools that are wound with threads obtained from PET bottles can also be made from bottle necks. First, cut off the necks of two bottles and the tops of two caps. Cropped caps are fixed on the rod, on which the cut necks are then wound, holes are made in the necks with a red-hot carnation, through which the beginning of the thread is passed and, having tied a knot, fix it.

The resulting tapes can be used not only for the manufacture of ropes, but also to make tubes from them. To do this, a strip cut from a plastic bottle is passed through a hole of the diameter required for the tube and heated, they begin to be pulled through it. The principle of operation is clear from the photo.

It is quite possible that such a mini-business is suitable for someone, requiring only a bottle cutter with coils and premises, such as making brooms and brooms from plastic ribbons. How such products are made can be easily understood from the picture.

It may seem to many that the bottle ribbon business is very small, not noteworthy. However, in India it is a serious business. Several vertically placed bottle cutters are used, the cut strips are wound on reels that rotate from a mechanical drive. One worker sets the bottles on the bottle cutters and ties the resulting strips, the second worker controls the speed of rotation of the coils, on which the strips are wound, from which ropes are subsequently made.

Lately in southern countries Tiles made from PET bottles are becoming increasingly popular. The molten flex is mixed with mineral filler (sand fines) and filled into molds through an extruder. In countries former USSR such a business is just beginning, so the field for the activities of craftsmen is quite wide.

Paving slabs, chain-link mesh, greenhouse walls and much, much more are also made from plastic bottles.

But, so that an entrepreneur does not decide to make such recycled materials - success, as in any business, will depend on the literacy of drawing up a business plan. Such a document will not only streamline knowledge, build a system of actions, but can be useful if you need to attract investment money.

Principles of writing a business plan

Like any other business plan for the organization and operation of an enterprise aimed at processing plastic bottles, other plastic products are drawn up in accordance with the requirements for such documents by the considering specialists. This must be taken into account, because the business plan is prepared not so much for oneself, but for those who, on its basis, will allocate the money needed to turn the idea into practice. Financial professionals are the most picky. If they themselves do not know something thoroughly, they will definitely turn to specialists to obtain an assessment of the proposed document. Therefore, the created document should correspond to the accepted standards as much as possible, since, as they say, people are met by clothes.

Before writing, you need to clearly understand for yourself that a business plan, in fact, is just a written explanation of the proposed project, the amounts needed to implement it, and also optimal timing implementation. Such an approach to the matter will immediately clarify what is the main thing in it and what is secondary, what needs to be emphasized, and what should be moved to the background.

Information about the project of the future enterprise is divided into several sections:

• Section I Title page. Preamble information about the name of the enterprise, its form of ownership and address is placed here, the name of the proposed project is placed, telephone numbers and addresses are placed Email. The date of preparation of the document is indicated and information is provided on the need to calculate cash costs and profits, which are included in the document or placed in a separate application.
• Section II. This copyright section is often referred to as the "Privacy Statement". It sets out data on the authors of the business plan materials and their rights, obligations not to disclose the information received without the author's consent, as well as obligations to return the business plan after reading it if the decision on it is not positive.
• Section III. This section is often referred to as the "Summary". This section summarizes the entire business plan and outlines the essence of the project. This section is recommended to be created after writing the entire business plan and arrange the information following the following structure:

1. project description;
2. availability of resources;
3. ways and means of implementation;
4. the answer to the question - what is the uniqueness of the project;
5. required investment amount;
6. projected profit;
7. ways to return money to investors;
8. the effectiveness of the proposed project.

• Section IV. Objective of the project. This section describes the intended purpose of the proposed business, describes the services or goods supplied to the market, and indicates the benefits that customers will receive. For this, the advantages of the products produced are described in detail. If there is their uniqueness - this moment should be written as carefully and extensively as possible. If used the latest technology- you need to specify how copyright will be implemented.
• Section V Market analysis in the area of ​​the proposed business. Here are the results marketing research regarding the products offered, as well as analyzes the activities of competitors. If, when writing a business plan, there is no uniqueness of the proposed business in a given region, the emphasis is on reducing costs through the use of new technologies, reducing energy costs, personnel, and so on. Be sure to take into account that today there are practically no areas that are no longer covered by business, therefore, having found competitors, you need to justify how the proposed business is more attractive.
• Section VI. Position of the created enterprise in the industry. Here the main characteristics of the enterprise are described and, based on their analysis, the place of the planned production or trade in the existing industry is noted. The preferred form of ownership of the enterprise and what costs will have to be incurred to create it are indicated. The section also contains information about:

1. company address;
2. the type of premises required, indicating whether it already exists or needs to be purchased, whether it is necessary to make repairs or not;
3. economic indicators of work;
4. temporal characteristics of the specifics of production activity.

If the business is planned to start from scratch, the prospective management has or does not have experience in this area. The lack of managerial experience in the proposed area is a very negative characteristic, as a rule, it initiates the refusal of third-party investors.

• Section VII. Product description. The section is created after the analysis of the existing market. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is made about the advantages of the proposed product and the competitiveness of the company. This section must contain or be accompanied by product samples or their photos, a description of technical characteristics. If several units of the product are produced, each of them is described in detail. Structurally, the section is divided into several subsections:

1. the name of the product, as well as its description;
2. purpose and areas of use;
3. specifications
4. competitive advantages;
5. the presence or absence of copyright;
6. environmental friendliness of the product or its absence;
7. quality certificates;
8. service and operation.

• Section VIII. Sales of products. The section contains a marketing plan for the implementation of the manufactured product. Such a plan should include:

1. models of behavior in the market;
2. a reasoned explanation of the quantity of the purchased product by customers;
3. describes the methods used to influence demand;
4. describes the methodology for calculating prices;
5. provides information on how to sell;
6. indicated legal status main consumer.

Any business organization material includes governing board- find the consumer. That's what the marketing plan is for. This structural unit is under close scrutiny, so it must be specified in detail:

1. what criteria for evaluating the product from the point of view of the consumer were studied when writing a business plan;
2. what place in the supply chain is occupied by the customer to whom the goods are supplied.

This section is based on the characteristics by which the product is evaluated not by the manufacturer, but by the consumer. It is highly desirable to analyze the evaluation of a similar product by consumers of competitors and, on the basis of this information, justify the attractiveness of your own product. This section also includes the logistics concept - how and to whom the goods are delivered, who is responsible for sending them. A strategy for conducting advertising campaigns is given. Prices and sales volumes are indicated by time periods. Payback periods and profitability are calculated.

• Section IX. Production plan. The material of the section requires close attention and elaboration, especially in cases of planning to open a company from scratch. The section describes and analyzes in detail the production chains of the product, considers the premises and the equipment located in it, its location, ways of transporting the source material, parts, finished products and so on. Not only an exhaustive description of production is given, but also the control over its processes, it is indicated what moments will be entrusted to subcontractors, the reasons for their choice are indicated. This section describes all the costs of production, and also calculates the cost of the product, provides an estimate of costs, indicates variable and fixed costs. Information is arranged following a specific structure:

1. production structure;
2. technology used;
3. what premises are needed;
4. the need for staff;
5. raw materials;
6. equipment characteristics;
7. production capacity;
8. cost estimate;
9. selection of subcontractors;
10. cost analysis.

• Section X. Organizational plan. The section describes organizational issues, laid out regulations and describes how they will be implemented.
• Section XI. financial planning. Here you can find information about the required financial investments and their spending. It also sets out the timing of financial movements, the timing of the stages, finances are determined for working capital. It also indicates if there is a need to attract loans and how they will be returned. In this section, the conclusion of the above is an analysis of the effectiveness of the company and its work. Structurally, it looks like this:

1. received profit;
2. tax payment structures;
3. the need for investment;
4. loan service;
5. description of the effectiveness of the project

• Section XII. Risk analysis. The section contains information about the difficulties that may impede the implementation of the project. This includes difficulties provoked by legislation, weather, competitors, and so on. The more complete the list, indicating ways to solve difficulties, the higher the assessment of the plan as a whole.

The difficulties of doing business include the wrong choice of employees - success does not depend on the degree of acquaintance, but on professionalism.

To assess the degree of risk, the following methods of analysis are used:

1. statistical method (the basis is the study of named statistics);
2. analogy method - analysis based on studying the development of similar projects;
3. expert method, basis of analysis - expert opinion;
4. modeling - the response to external influence is analyzed.

Also, a description of possible systems for countering risks is carried out, possible guarantees are called - authorities, guarantees for goods, bank guarantees, and so on.

• Section XIII. Applications. Documents that are not included in the planning description but are important are collected here, copies of contracts for similar products, data sources, price lists, and so on.