Greeting in Swedish. About Swedish. What is the language in Sweden

Let's start with nouns and verbs that, when read, cannot but cause a smile.

No, this is not a variant of the word for small children who drag everything that lies badly on the road. This word is translated as cookies, or pie, biscuit, bun. For example, a gingerbread cookie that we can all find in Ikea is called Pepparkakor. Chocolate cake that's so easy to make Chokladkaka. So, absolutely no bullshit!

This word is read as PENDELTOG, and is translated as Suburban train, it is also an electric train. There is also the verb Pendla, and it means to travel somewhere by commuter train, for example, to work from one city to another.

Now let's move on to funny verbs, which are not so fun to read in Russian. Gnida means to RUB. For example, to rub something on a grater when cooking. Nothing unpleasant.

Well, forgive me, forgive me….No swearing, really. This word in Swedish means paddle, kayak. And it looks like this)) This summer, my husband and I tried to go kayaking on the lake. It was very cool, and I advise you, if you have the opportunity, go kayaking on the lake in the center of the city.

Dimma is translated as fog or mist.

And now to the really unusual words that are not in our dictionary.

Fika is not just a word. This is a whole tradition, Lifestyle. Something without which a meeting with friends and office life are indispensable. You may have heard about the Swedish phenomenon and the Swedish love for coffee. fika- This is a coffee or tea break with buns or cookies. Fik all and everywhere, in the office in their free time and at home. And traditional are cinnamon rolls - Kanelbullar. Like these ones.

Hen is a new pronoun added to the dictionary. It is usually used when the gender of the person being spoken about is not known. And in order not to offend anyone, they say hen. Or when a person himself asks to be called the middle gender, since he / she does not definitely refer to the other two. Contradictory in the opinion of many, the word was very much discussed, but in recent years the situation has calmed down and now everything is very calm.

We don't have that word! And it means something like a wonderful cozy evening in the company of friends or family at home. Possibly with wine, snacks and watching TV, and yes, on Friday! Fredag ​​- Friday Mysign- this is translated into Russian as cozy. Friday evening with family and friends. That's such a cutie.

In moderation, here's how you can explain the meaning of this word. It is very commonly used, and popular due to the fact that all Swedes do not like extremes.

There is no analogue for this word in Russian. It can be translated like this - dad is on maternity leave. Pappa - dad, Ledig - free. That is, a father who is free from work and is on maternity leave. In 2016 in Sweden, according to the State Insurance Fund (our analogue is the FSS), 27% of maternity money was received by men. And the trend for men to take maternity leave is on the rise. But, here it is necessary to pay attention that, according to the law, a man is obliged to take at least 90 days of maternity leave. Cute daddies can be found everywhere, and I tell you, they do their job very well.

Here we are not talking about strange types of Swedish dances, no. These are accepted abbreviations to describe "marital status". Cohabitation is very popular in Sweden and it is quite common for couples to live together for a long time without getting married. So this is the union. and called SAMBO, and it's actually just short for cohabitation — Sammanboende. SÄRBO w On the contrary, it means separate residence, but when partners live separately. In our opinion, they just meet. Well, the last of the trinity is sonorous MAMBO is when you still live with your parents.

Well, since we started talking about family topics, here's a bonus for you:

Dada, bonus dad. This is what stepfathers are called, of course, there is also a bonus mom by analogy. Like another parent in addition to their relatives. There are also Sunday mums and dads. This is when the parents are divorced, and on certain days the child spends time with one or the other parent.

Here are some interesting and unusual words in the Swedish dictionary. I still have some left in stock, so I'll probably make another note on this topic.

Photo source: matthias.nu

There are several ways to say hello in Swedish. Below I will list the most important and most used methods:

• Hej!- Hey! (“ Hey"). Hey is a completely normal way to say “Hi”, and of course has nothing to do with “ Hey, come here!»:)
• Hejsan!- hi! (“ Heisan»)
• Tjena!“Something like Russian” Hey Ya!» (“ puppy\chen»)
• Halle!– in Russian it will be read as “ Hallo!". In this way, you can answer the phone. Although it can be used as a written greeting as well as all others.

You can say goodbye Hejda (“Heido") - What means " Bye“, vises (“You ses!»), vi hors (“You hash!») – “ See you!».

And wish you all the best: ha det så bra! (“Ha de so bro!»).

Swedes love to say hello! Your Swedish colleague or classmate, seeing you more than once a day, will definitely say “hey hey” to you! Twice “hey hey” sounds more fun and perky, and saying “hey hey” 10 times a day is completely normal.

In addition to informal greetings, there are more formal ones:

• "Good morning!" - “God morgon!” - It is said as “Humorron!”
• "Good afternoon!" – “ goddag!” - It is said as “Gudda!”
• "Good evening!" - “God kvall!” - It is said as “Gukvel!”
• "Good night!" – “ God natt!” - It is said as “Gunatt!”. And if even sweeter: “Natty!”

Starting to write this article, I think that I will write only about “Hey”, as a result, I got quite a lot of greetings, and even goodbyes on

Language of Sweden

What is the language in Sweden?

The answer to this question is not easy. Today, the official language of Sweden is considered native to 90% of the country's citizens. In some regions they speak dialects.

At the same time, the official language of Sweden is Swedish, adopted for use in the media and official documents. Dialects include Elvdalian, Jämtlandian, Gutnish and Scanian.

Elvdalian is widespread in Dalarna, especially many people who do not use the common language of Sweden in communication with each other live in the commune of Olvdalen. The Gutnish dialect is common in the areas of Gotland and Fore.

The Jämtland dialect is characteristic of the province of Jämtland with the same name, where about 30,000 people do not use the common language of Sweden in communication. Finally, the Scanian dialect is most widespread in the region of Skåne. Today, however, it is increasingly influenced by the official language in Sweden.

The schools teach English, German and French. The modern Swedish alphabet consists of 29 Latin letters.

The Swedes do not bother with formalities. Simple and short "Hey!" suitable in any situation: business, informal, at the first meeting ... This word means "Hello!" And "Hello", and even "Bye!" (if they are too lazy to say Hejda!)

You may come across options such as ” Godmorgon!”(= Good morning!), ” Goddag!"(= Good afternoon!), ” Godkvall/afton!”(=Good evening!). You can safely forget about them - except, perhaps, "God morgon!". Others can be used in formal business situations ... hmm, would you soon be in such situations? Here I am about the same. In everyday speech, these formalities are not needed.

The phrase "How are you?" I really like Swedish because 90% of beginners speak ” Hurmerdu?” - because many textbooks, tutorials, phrasebooks say so ... For some reason, this is presented as phrase # 1. But this is not true. A foreigner who uses the phrase "Hur mår du?" causes a smile. Because the phrase, although it exists, is used in the context of “How are you feeling?”, “How are you feeling?”, “How are you?”. It is unlikely that you will ask this from a person whom you see for the first or second time in your life. I can ask this question to a pregnant friend. I can ask this of a person who was recently ill or whose business was not going very well, for example. Or just a friend with whom I haven't talked in a long time. Like, how are you, how is life, how is your mood, how is everything in general?

How do you usually ask “How are you?”

Top 3 typical phrases:

Hur ä r det (med dig)? – literally “How is it (with you)?” Adding "med dig" is optional. Pay attention to the pronunciation:

Hur gå r det (med dig)? - literally "How does it go (with you; with you)?". Very similar to the Russian “How are you doing?”, “How are you doing?”

Hur har du det?- "How is it with you?" Poorly translated into Russian. In English it would be “How do you have it/How are you having it?”.

You may also get “Ä r det bra med dig?” - "Are you all right?". True, we say “everything” or “deeds”, and the Swedes often say “it”. "Is it good with you?" :)

You may also want to say not just “How are you?” but “How is work? How are you doing with your studies? etc. Varsagod:

Hur är det med studierna? - How are you doing with your studies?

Hur går det med din svenska? How is your Swedish progressing?

Hur har du det på jobbet? - How are you at work?

What is the answer to this?

The simplest and shortest answers are:

Bra, tack. - Well thank you.

Fint, tack.– Fine, thanks (“Fine, thanks”).

Or “thank you, (everything) is good” - the amount does not change from rearrangement: Tack, bra/ fint.

And one more option:

bara bra, tack! - “Only good, thank you!”, That is, “everything is excellent, exceptionally good!”

You can answer more authentically by repeating the wording from the question:

Tack, det är bra (med mig). - Thanks, I'm fine.

Det går bra/fint (med mig), tack. – (I) everything is going well, thank you.

Det ä r okej. - Fine.

Jag har det bra. - I'm good.

Do you want variety? Here are the options for you to choose from:

Det ar toppen!- Everything is great! (“Topp” - top; top).

Jä ttebra! - Excellent! Very well!

Ganska bra.- Pretty good.

Det ä r lugnt. - Everything is fine (literally "calmly").

(Det ä r) helt okej. - "Absolutely normal."

The last two phrases sound more informal.

What if everything is bad?

As a rule, you will not hear "Oh, I'm doing terrible," but there are compromise options:

Så dä r. - So-so.

inte så bra. - Not so good.

Reciprocal courtesy. "And you?"

If you want to ask “Well, how are you?” Here are two of the simplest and most common phrases:

Oh du? - And you?

Du då? - Well, what about you?

This ”då”, by the way, is very useful. It carries the meaning of "then, in that case." For example: "Yeah, you're fine, great! And your family (how are you)?” – (Och) din family då ?

Or: “I see, you can’t today. And tomorrow?" – Imorgon då ?

You can also say literally "how myself?»

sjä lv då?

Och(du)själv?

Logical answer: too OK, thanks".

Också bra, tack.

So far, all the above phrases have been fairly neutral - they can be said to acquaintances, strangers, and friends. And here is something colloquial, relevant in youth speech or among friends or colleagues:

Hejsan! - Hi!

Tjena! - Great! (Less say ”Tjenare/Tjänare!”)

”Tjena!” (do you know how to pronounce it? If not - ) often goes along with “How are you?” — ” Hur ä r lä get?” or even like this: ” Lä get?”

What is "läget"? This word means "situation" or "disposition, alignment (of forces)".

So a typical everyday dialogue would sound like this:

— Hej! Hur ar det?

— Det är bra, och du?

— Det ar okej.

— Tjena! Hur ar läget?

— Jo tack, det är bra. Du de?

— Nja, så där.

— Hej hej! Hur har du det?

Jag har det toppenbra! Själv då?

— Jodå, det är ganska bra.

Yes, but what is “jo”, and where did it come from? In this context, the word means nothing. Usually used in the form ” jodå” or ” jo tack” . Phrase ” Jodå, det ä r bra” will roughly correspond to Russian " Yes fine", " Yes, like everything is fine".

By the way, you can listen to such short dialogues in the Rivstart A1-A2 tutorial, at the very beginning of the second chapter. There's even a listening exercise on the subject.

Here is another good video to reinforce the different options for “How are you? Okay, how about you?" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VK7_w_yYvVc

More than just "Goodbye"

Refrain from any "Adjö", even if the textbook advises. It sounds old fashioned.

Normal options:

Hej!

Hej hej!

Hej da!

Hej så lä nge! - See you later! (Like English “So long!”)

Vi hö rs! - See you! Let's hear! (Literally: "We hear", "We hear each other")

Vi ses! - See you! See you! (Literally: "We see each other", "We see each other")

For those who communicate a lot on the Internet:

Vi skrivs ! - Let's write! (Yes, by analogy with the previous two).

And also, although a Russian person is not very accustomed to wishing a good day, I will share with you such a selection. Make other people happy! :)

Trevlig helg!- Have a nice weekend!

Ha en bra dag!- Have a good day!

Ha det (så) bra!- Good luck!

Ha det (så) kul! - (Wish) have fun!

Ha det (så) roligt!- (Wish) have fun!

It is impossible to translate into Russian ”Ha (det) …!”, but you can draw a parallel with English: Have fun! Have a great day!

You can indulge in variations, and instead of the hackneyed “Ha det bra!” to tell:

Ha det (så) skoj/jättebra/gott!

Ha det så skoj ikvä ll! – (I wish) great fun tonight!

Ha det roligt på festival! – (Wish) have fun at the party!

Ha en trevlig semester! – Have a nice vacation!

And I also have an option for lazy people;) You can limit yourself to a short "Ha det!"