Central africa on the world map. Africa map in Russian. Political map of Africa in Russian

Africa
Option I
1. The state had the most possessions in Africa at the beginning of the 20th century:

2. Most African countries state structure are:
3.

4. The largest oil and gas fields are available in:
1) Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt 2) Libya, Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia 3) Algeria, Libya, Congo, Namibia
5.

6. The population in Africa (for 2004) was:
1) More than 600 million 2) More than 400 million 3) More than 800 million
7. Malagasy live in the territory:

8.

9. In the world market, Africa stands out for its industry:

10 In terms of gold mining, 1st place in the world is occupied by:
1) Congo 2) Egypt 3) South Africa
11.

leading industry Agriculture is:

12. The main area of ​​drought and desertification in Africa:
1) hylaea 2) Sahel 3) selva
13. The state that occupies the 1st place in the world in terms of maritime cargo turnover:

Africa
Option II

2. In the world market, Africa stands out for its industry:
1) mining 2) mechanical engineering 3) chemical
4.

Over 70% of Africa is occupied by:
1) mountains 2) lowlands 3) plateaus, plateaus, highlands
5. The state had the most possessions in Africa at the beginning of the 20th century:
1) UK 2) France 3) Germany
6. Most African countries in terms of government are:
1) federal 2) monarchies 3) unitary
7. Federal countries include:
1) Nigeria, South Africa, Algeria 2) Nigeria, South Africa.

Ethiopia 3) Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt
8. Monarchies of Africa:
1) Lessoto, Morocco, Swaziland 2) Morocco, Swaziland, Zambia 3) Swaziland, Lessoto, Liberia
9.

The "Copper Belt" is located on the territory of the states:
1) Zaire (Congo), South Africa 2) South Africa, Zambia 3) Zaire (Congo), Zambia
11. Most national parks located on:
1) south and east 2) south and west 3) north and east
12.

The population in Africa (for 2004) was:
1) more than 600 million 2) more than 400 million 3) more than 800 million
13. Malagasy live in the territory:
1) South Africa 2) Nigeria 3) Madagascar
14. The largest oil and gas fields are available in:
1) Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt 2) Libya, Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia
3) Algeria, Libya, Congo, Namibia
15.

The southern part of the mainland is inhabited by:
1) Arabs 2) Bushmen and Hottentots 3) Boers
16. Dutch settlers in Africa are called:
1) Boers 2) Bushmen 3) Creoles
17. The main area of ​​drought and desertification in Africa:
1) hylaea 2) Sahel 3) selva
18.

In terms of gold mining, 1st place in the world is occupied by:
1) Congo 2) Egypt 3) South Africa
19. The leading branch of agriculture is:
1) crop production 2) animal husbandry
20. The state that occupies the 1st place in the world in terms of maritime cargo turnover:
1) Liberia 2) Egypt 3) Senegal

Republic of South Africa / Constitutional foundations, characteristics of the form of government

The country has a constitution of 1996 (came into force in 1997). The procedure for amending it depends on which chapter is being amended.

So, to change ch.

To edit other articles, the majority in the National Assembly must be 2/3 of the votes. Since the adoption of the constitution, 14 amendments have been made to it.

The Constitution guarantees equal voting rights (active and passive), freedom of political associations, freedom of speech and press, inviolability of private property, etc.

According to the constitution, the main document that lists the main principles relating to human rights is the Bill of Rights.

According to him, the rights are divided into several categories: universal rights of a person and a citizen, rights in the sphere of relations between a citizen and the state, environmental rights.

The form of government cannot be unequivocally characterized as either parliamentary or presidential: on the one hand, the president has real political power, on the other hand, he is elected by the parliament and resigns in the event of the latter’s self-dissolution, which does not allow us to talk about a certain autonomy of the branches of government, which is typical for presidential republic.

← Back | Constitutional foundations, characteristics of the form of government | Next →

• Countries of the world
• Africa
• South Africa
  • Year of foundation
  • Geographic location, area, borders
  • Population
  • Human Development Index 1980–2012
  • Language(s)
  • Historical outline of political traditions
  • From the origins of statehood to the end of the Anglobourg War
  • Formation and development of apartheid
  • Dismantling apartheid and transition to democracy
  • Constitutional foundations, characteristics of the form of government
  • Separation and interaction of various branches of government
  • Features of the executive branch
  • Heads of State (Presidents) 1961–2014
  • Heads of government (prime ministers, after the proclamation of the republic) in 1958–1984
  • Features of the legislature
  • Features of the judiciary
  • Territorial-state structure
  • Local government and self-government
  • External influences on the formation and functioning of political institutions
  • Internal conflicts and splits
  • Official ideology, ideological splits and conflicts
  • Religion and the state, the role of religion in politics
  • Features of the party system
  • Representation political parties in the National Assembly following the 2004 general election
  • The political role of the military/power structures
  • NGOs, corporate components political system, interest groups and influence groups
  • The position and role of the media
  • South Africa's position in the Press Freedom Index 2002-2012
  • Gender equality/inequality
  • National economy in the context of the world economy
  • Main indicators of the economy in 1990–2010
  • The structure of the GDP of South Africa, according to World Bank in 2011
  • Weight in the global economy 1990–2006
  • Resources of influence on the international environment and international processes
  • Military spending 1990–2010
  • Participation in international organizations and regimes, main foreign counterparties and partners, relations with Russia
  • External and internal threats to the security of the state
  • South Africa's position in the Corruption Perceptions Index 1995-2012
  • Placement of the territory of the country in the zone of increased risk of natural disasters
  • Economic Threats
  • Threats to human security

Union (trade union, trade union) is a form of state structure in which the federal state is public education with legally defined political independence.
Federal device design:

Austria 2. Australia.

3. Argentina. 4. Belgium 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Germany 7. Russia 8. Switzerland 9. Serbia 10. Canada 11. Mexico 12. USA 13. Argentina 14. Brazil 15. Venezuela 16. Nigeria 17. Nepal. 18. India 19. Malaysia 20. Federated States of Micronesia 21. Myanmar 22. United United Arab Emirates 23. Pakistan 24. Saint Kitts and Nevis 25. Sudan. 26. South Sudan 27. Somalia. 28. Ethiopia.
The rest of the countries are merged.
United country- a form of government in which its parts are administrative-territorial units and do not have the status of a national entity.

Unlike a federation, in a single state, there are the highest powers state power, uniform for the whole country, a single legal system, a single constitution. Most of the countries are united.

The mainland occupies 1/5 of the land the globe and smaller in size. The population is over 600 million people. Currently, there are more than 50 sovereign states on the continent, most of which were colonies until the middle of the 20th century.

European colonization began in this region from the 16th century. Ceuta and Melilla - rich cities in (in the territory), the end points of the trans-Saharan trade route - were the first Spanish colonies. Further colonized mainly West Coast Africa. By the beginning of the XX century. the "dark continent" had already been divided by the imperialist powers into dozens of colonies (see atlases of New and recent history 9,10,11 cells. middle school).

Almost all African states are typologically assigned to the group. The exception is the only economically developed state on the continent - the Republic of South Africa.

The success of the African states' struggle to strengthen their political and economic independence depends to a very large extent on which political forces are in power.

In 1963, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was established. Its goals are to help strengthen the unity and cooperation of the states of the continent, to defend their sovereignty, and to fight against all forms of neo-colonialism.

Another influential organization is the League Arab States(LAS), formed in 1945. It includes Arab countries North Africa and countries. The League is in favor of strengthening the economic and political cooperation of the Arab peoples.

Most African countries from the era of wars of independence fell into the era civil wars and interethnic conflicts. In many African states over the years of independent development general rule became a privileged position of the ethnic group whose representatives were in power. Hence the many inter-ethnic conflicts in the countries of this region.

For about 20 years, civil wars continued in Angola and Mozambique; For many years, war, devastation and famine have reigned in Somalia. For more than 10 years, the inter-ethnic inter-confessional conflict has not stopped in Sudan (between the Muslim North and adherents of Christianity and traditional beliefs in the south of the country). In 1993, there was a military coup in Burundi, and there is a civil war in Burundi and Rwanda. The conflict spilled over to neighboring states. Civil wars are not uncommon in (the first of the countries of "black Africa", which gained independence back in 1847).

Democracy does not take root in - 23 years out of more than 30 years after gaining independence, the country lived under a military regime. In June 1993, democratic elections were held and immediately after that - another military coup, all democratic institutions of power were again dissolved, political organizations, rallies and gatherings.

Examples of struggle for political power you can continue.

Nevertheless, there are practically no places left on the map of Africa where the problem of state independence has not been solved. The exception is Western, which has not yet acquired the status of an independent state, despite the 20-year struggle for liberation waged by the Polisario front. In the near future, the UN intends to hold a referendum in the country - independence or accession to Morocco?

Separately, the situation in the Republic of South Africa should be considered, where there is a transition from “democracy for the minority” to non-racial principles of local and central control: the elimination of apartheid and the creation of a united, democratic and non-racial South Africa. For the first time, non-racial presidential elections were held. Elected Mandela - the first black president of South Africa. Ex-president- Frederick de Klerk joined the coalition cabinet. South Africa is restored (after 20 years of absence) as a member of the UN.

In conclusion, we note that for many African countries the transition to political pluralism and multi-party system has become a big test. Nevertheless, it is precisely the stability of political processes in African countries that is the main condition for their further economic development.

Our resource is dedicated to tourism and travel, that's why maps of foreign cities and countries are so important for my readers. In order not to get lost in a foreign city or country, visit our website! This article will provide you africa map where streets and houses are clearly visible. Simply put, here you will see an interactive Africa map with cities directly from the satellite in Russian!

Satellite map of Africa

Everyone knows what Africa is, am I right? But anyway, I'll take a little digression. Africa is located near the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, a little further south, in general. Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the west, and the Indian Ocean from the east. We all have seen a world map or a globe at least once and should know that Africa is a fairly large continent. And so it is, in terms of area, this is the second continent in the world, after giant Eurasia. There are as many as 55 states on the territory of Africa, of which 4 are not recognized and five are independent territories on the islands. In total, Africa is inhabited by about a billion people. Based on the generally accepted theory, Africa can be considered the progenitor of the human race, on this moment It was in Africa that the oldest remains of early human ancestors were found.

Now let's talk about tourism in Africa. We all know that there is nothing better than exotic travel and Africa is just right for this purpose. Wonderful and unusual animals for our eyes, interesting and different people, amazing and unusual climate - all this awaits you in Africa. If you have not yet decided which country you want to visit, then below I will give a list of African countries with a tourist analysis. Well, as always, according to tradition, with a bunch of maps, so that if you are already going to go, you will not get lost in any case!

Africa is the second largest continent in the world, while Eurasia holds the lead.

Interesting facts about African countries:

• Algeria is the most big country Africa. More than 80% of the territory is occupied by the Sahara desert.
• Angola. The capital of Angola - Luanda is considered the most expensive city to live in, but at the same time, 50% of the country's population cannot read and write.
• Benin is a small country, famous for the town of Ouida, which is considered the stronghold of the voodoo religion. Benin is one of the African countries that is completely self-sufficient in all necessary products nutrition.
• Botswana is one of the least explored countries in Africa. More than 70% of the territory is occupied by desert.
  
  
• Burkina Faso is a country with a very low level life. It is rare to find a person over 65 years old in the country. The country is rarely visited by tourists.
• Burundi is a country without hospitals. There are only about 200 doctors and nurses in the entire state, so the level medical care is one of the lowest in the world.
• Gabon is one of the most stable and rich on the African continent. About 80% of the country's territory is occupied by tropical forests.
• The Gambia is the smallest country in Africa by area.
• Ghana is the first country in West Africa gained independence from the British people.
• Guinea is the leader in bauxite reserves. Included in the 10 poorest countries in the world.
• Guinea-Bissau. There is not a single power plant in the country. Electricity is supplied from city generators and is switched on for only 2-3 hours a day.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo. The main attraction of the republic is the Congo River, which is one of the deepest in the world.
• Djibouti is one of the driest countries in the world.
• Egypt is one of the cheapest and popular resorts peace. Renowned for its well-developed infrastructure tourist cities. But outside the tourist area, the Egyptians live very poorly. It is in Egypt that one of the seven wonders of the world is located - the pyramid of Cheops.

  One of the wonders of the world is the Pyramid of Cheops. Egypt

• Zambia is the first country in Africa to make banknotes from plastic instead of paper. The most visited place by tourists is the village of artisans of Mukuni.
• Zimbabwe. One of the world's coffee exporters. The country is very high level unemployment in 2019 - about 80%.
• Cape Verde is a country of 18 islands. The state is engaged in the production and export of footwear.
• Cameroon. Half of the territory of the state is occupied by forests, in which the largest goliath frogs in the world live. The population lives below the poverty line, but despite this, the people of Cameroon are always hospitable and good-natured towards tourists.
• Kenya is the country with the largest in East Africa international airport. Kenya is different from other states. There are no seasons in the country, there are only seasons: dry and rainy.
• Comoros. A country where it is impossible to pay with a bank card. There are no ATMs on the territory of the state.
• Congo is known for the most dangerous dormant volcano in the world - Newiragongo.
• Cote d'Ivoire. More than 60 peoples live in the state. It is in this country that the largest church in the world is located.
• Lesotho is located in the highlands. There are two diamond mines in the country.
• Liberia. The country has not yet fully recovered from the war in 1980. The population lives below the poverty line. The only country in the world without a single traffic light.
• Libya. 90% of the area is covered by desert. A state with a very limited number of animals and plants. The absence of flora and fauna is provoked by the arid climate.
• Mauritius is a tourist resort, which ranks second in terms of living standards on the African continent.
• Mauritania. All the rivers in this country dry up in the summer, except for one - Senegal. 100% of Mauritania's population is Muslim.
• Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world. The country is the world's first producer of vanilla.
• Malawi is the poorest republic in Africa. The country is known for its orchids; more than 400 species of them grow on the territory of the state.
• Mali. The country occupies one of the first places in the world in the export of gold.
• Morocco is a tourist country, which is visited by more than 10 million tourists annually. In the country, namely in Casablanca, there is the tallest religious building - the Hassan 2 Mosque.
• Mozambique. About 25% of the country's population do not consider themselves followers of any faith, although they are not atheists. Meat is rare in Mozambique.
• Namibia. It contains the world's largest underground lake. Tourists are attracted to Namibia by the "skeleton coast" - a surf line strewn with whale skeletons.

  Skeleton Coast is one of the most memorable places

• Niger. About 80% of the republic's area is occupied by the Sahara desert. Niger is the first in the world in terms of fertility.
• Nigeria is the country that ranks first in Africa in terms of population. The country is engaged in the extraction and export of oil and oil products.
• Rwanda is the country with the highest inhabitants on the planet. Not in Rwanda railways and trams. The country is one of the few in Africa that does not experience a shortage of drinking water.
• Sao Tome and Principe - islands that are extinct volcanoes. The islands are popular with a local attraction - Mouth of Hell (a place in the rocks, from where a jet of sea water beats).
• Swaziland is a state with 2 capitals: Mbabane and Lobamba. The country is ruled by a king, but his power is partially limited by parliament. The republic ranks first in the world in terms of the number of HIV-infected people.
• Seychelles is one of the most expensive resorts in the world. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands, of which only 33 are inhabited.
• Senegal. national symbol of this country - baobab. The famous Paris-Dakar rally is held annually in the capital of Senegal.

  The Paris-Dakar Rally is a dream for many

• Somalia is one of the most armed countries in the world. For local residents always carry with you firearms considered the norm. Somalia is a country of anarchy.
• Sudan is a state where marriages with deceased people are allowed at the legislative level. Sudan is the world's largest importer of gum arabic.
• Sierra Leone. One of the poorest countries in the world. Half of the population of the republic cannot read and write.
• Tanzania. A third of the country is occupied by nature reserves. The republic is characterized by a low level of education. According to statistics, only half of Tanzania's children attend school. The country has 2 capitals and the largest crater in the world - Ngorongoro.
• Togo is a country known for having the largest traditional market in the world where you can buy absolutely everything. Togo is a country of contrasts, where monolithic elite high-rise buildings border on the adobe huts of the poor.
• Tunisia is a popular tourist country, famous not only for its unique culture and nature, but also the landmark "Rose of the Sahara". This crystal is formed in the desert from salt and sand. Many tourists buy a crystal as a souvenir to decorate aquariums and houses.

  The amazing phenomenon of the "Rose of the Sahara"

• Uganda is the youngest republic in the world. Average age residents of Uganda is 15 years. The country hosts one of the deepest lakes in the world - Albertina.
• CAR is a state with incredible reserves of uranium, gold, oil and diamonds. But despite this, the country is among the 30 poorest republics in the world.
• Chad. The country is named after Lake Chad, which is located on its territory. There is no complete rail link in the country. This republic impresses with its dry and arid climate, Maximum temperature in the shade in summer it reaches 56 degrees Celsius.
• Equatorial Guinea is a state in which the earth is painted bright red due to the special composition of the soil. In Equatorial Guinea, gold mining is available to everyone.
• Eritrea is one of the poorest countries on the planet. Eritrea does not have a national language. This country became famous in the world thanks to the 30-year war of independence.
• Ethiopia is the most populated landlocked state on the planet. Ethiopia is an agricultural country where cereal crops, sugarcane, potatoes and cotton.
• South Africa - the most diverse national republic African continent. South Africa is the most developed country in Africa.
• South Sudan is one of the least developed republics in Africa. The country does not even have running water. South Sudan is famous for constant civil wars and political upheavals.

The area of ​​South Africa is 3.1 million square meters. km. The region is characterized by the development mining industry.

Table: South African countries

North Africa washed by mediterranean sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. The area is about 10,000,000 sq. km. Most of This part of the African continent is occupied by the Sahara desert.

Table: North African countries

West Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Covers the Sahel and Sudan regions. This part continent is leader in the number of HIV infections and malaria.

Table: West African countries

States Central Africa in 2019 have very good complex natural resources Therefore, the countries are not only actively developing the industrial sector, but are also the leading subjects of the foreign trade of the African continent.

Table: Central African countries

East Africa occupies the highest part of the mainland. It is in this part that the most high point Africa - Kilimanjaro. Most of the territory is savannas. In East Africa the most a large number of national and protected parks. East Africa is characterized by frequent civil wars and armed conflicts.

Table: East African countries

On the territory of the African continent there are 55 countries that are washed by:

1. Mediterranean sea.
2. by the Red Sea.
3. Indian Ocean.
4. Atlantic Ocean.

The area of ​​the African continent is 29.3 million square kilometers. If we take into account the islands near Africa, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis continent increases to 30.3 million square kilometers.

Table. Major states in Africa:

List of the most major cities by population:

1. Nigeria - 166,629,390 people. In 2017 it was the most populated country in Africa.
2. Egypt - 82,530,000 people.
3. Ethiopia - 82,101,999 people.
4. Republic of the Congo. The population of this African country is 69,575,394 inhabitants.
5. Republic of South Africa. In 2017, 50,586,760 people lived in South Africa.
6. Tanzania. 47,656,370 people live in this African country.
7. Kenya. In this African country the population is 42,749,420.
8. Algeria. In this country tropical Africa 36,485,830 people live.
9. Uganda - 35,620,980 people.
10. Morocco - 32,668,000 people.

African development and economy

If we take the corresponding maps of Africa, then the countries differ not only in their diverse weather conditions but also an abundance of land resources and minerals.

The African continent ranks 1st in the world in terms of reserves of such breeds:

• manganese;
• chromite;
• gold;
• platinoid;
• cobalt;
• phosphorite.

The industry of African countries is developed very well. This is especially true for the mining industry. So, last year, 96% of the total volume of diamonds was mined on the African continent. The resources of African countries make it possible to extract a large amount of gold and cobalt ores. On average, about 76% of gold and 68% of cobalt ores from the entire world volume are mined on the continent.

Chromites are mined in the amount of 67% of total, and the share of extraction of manganese ores - 57% of the total volume.

35% of the world's uranium ores and 24% of copper are located and mined in Africa. The African continent is an exporter of 31% of the world's phosphate rock and 11% of oil and gas.

Despite the small volumes of oil and gas supplies, 6 African countries are members of OPEC, international organization oil exporting states.

If we take the most developing countries Africa in the field of mining, these will be:

Intensively developing and rich in the mining industry is South Africa. This country has deposits of all kinds of resources, except for oil, gas and bauxite. According to statistics, it is in South Africa that about 40% of the total export volume of the continent is produced.

South Africa is recognized not only on the African continent. This republic ranks first in the world in gold mining and second in diamond mining.

The manufacturing industry is in its infancy, but it is most developed in South Africa.

The agriculture sector ranks second in the African economy. The sphere of agriculture is represented by tropical and subtropical agriculture. Most of the products are exported. Thus, the African continent is an exporter of 60% of the total cocoa beans. And also Africa exports peanuts in the amount of 27% of the total world volume, coffee - 22% and olives - 16% of the total.

Peanut cultivation is concentrated in Senegal, the largest number coffee is grown in Ethiopia, and the Republic of Ghana is popular for large volumes of growing and harvesting cocoa beans.

Animal husbandry in the countries of the African continent is very poorly developed due to water shortages and the spread of a disease that is dangerous for livestock, spread by tsetse flies.