Parachute d 5 series 2 packing. Textbook for a sergeant of the airborne troops. Tactical and technical data of parachute parts
Laying is carried out by 2 people - laying (responsible for laying) and helping.
The parachute is laid in stages:
a) checking the availability, serviceability of parts of the parachute
b) verification and preparation of the PPK - U.
a) laying the main dome
b) putting the camera on the dome.
a) securing the camera with slings
b) laying the dome in the chamber
c) laying slings in the gas chamber
d) preparation of the stabilizing dome for laying
a) folding the stabilizer feathers and putting the camera on the stabilizing dome
b) locking the stabilizer feather rings with the camera rings
c) stowage of the stabilizing dome and lines in the chamber
d) laying the camera with the main dome and slings laid on the bottom of the knapsack
a) tightening the valves of the knapsack
b) mounting the camera with a stabilizing dome on the parachute pack
c) preparation and installation of PPK - U
d) loading a two-cone lock
a) preparation of the suspension system
c) filling out passports
d) parachute check
d) putting the parachute into the carrying bag and sealing it
Styling tool: camping cloth, hook-fork
When putting on a parachute before jumping, the portable bag is placed under the chest bridge.
After landing, you need to: unfasten the reserve parachute, pull the canopy “into the flag”, roll up the lines with an “endless” loop, roll the canopy into a roll: remove the harness with a satchel (main canopy) and put it in the bag with the device to the top. The knapsack should divide the bag into two parts: a suspension system is placed in one half, and a dome with slings is placed in the other.
Topic number 4.
Parachute safety device.
PPK-U
PPK-U- semi-automatic parachute combined unified designed to open the parachute pack or the introduction of other devices; opening a parachute after a certain period of time or at a certain height. The device is used as a safety device on rescue, amphibious, reserve, training and sports parachutes, when the parachutist himself, for some reason, cannot open the parachute with the help of an exhaust ring.
1. Operating range of the device:
By time - from 2 to 5 seconds;
In height - from 0.3 to 8 kilometers;
2. The device operates in the temperature range from +60 0 to -60 0 at altitudes up to 35 km.
3. The force of the power springs in the cocked state is not less than 28 kg.
4. The stroke of the exhaust ring is 70 mm.
5. The device is resistant to glue and dew.
6. The device is protected from dirt getting into it.
7. The device is operational after being in the cocked state continuously for 12 months.
8. Full technical life is 1000 operations.
The main parts of the device:
2. Aneroid device
3. Clockwork
4. Extraction device
5. Locking system
In addition, the PPK-U kit includes:
1. Flexible hairpin
2. Tool kit
3. Passport
Topic #5
Theoretical foundations of skydiving.
Air has certain properties: mass, pressure and density. Moving in the air mass, the body experiences air resistance. The main reason that creates resistance is the vortices that form around the body during its movement. In well-streamlined bodies, vortices appear only behind the body. In poorly streamlined bodies, they form over the entire surface. Bodies that cause strong vortex formation always experience high air resistance. As the size of the body increases, its resistance increases. Air resistance in the direction opposite to the movement of the body is called frontal resistance.
O is the drag force.
Cx - resistance coefficient.
@ - air density
S is the largest cross-sectional area.
V - movement speed
The drag coefficient is determined empirically, most often in wind tunnels. In airless space, the speed of a body falling increases in proportion to time.
The opening of the parachute can be divided into three periods;
Opening of the pilot chute (stabilizing) and its filling.
Pulling the cover out of the lines and pulling the cover off the dome.
Dome filling.
The 1st period depends little on the fall velocity and air density. This period takes 0.2 seconds.
The 2nd period depends on the speed of movement and air density and takes an average of 0.3 - 0.5 seconds.
The 3rd period is the longest in time. The duration of the third period varies from 0.5 to 1.5 seconds.
Thus, the opening of the parachute takes 2-3 seconds and the distance is 60 -90 meters, the inertial load during the opening of the parachute occurs as a result of a rapid loss of speed and is perceived as a blow.
The larger the canopy, the lower the load during parachute deployment. After opening, the parachute falls under the power of air currents. If there is no wind, it descends vertically, but usually there is some movement of the air mass and the parachute will carry the parachutist wherever the wind is blowing.
Landing - the most difficult stage of the jump, requiring perfect knowledge of the rules, composure, prudence and the ability to control the parachute and your body. Factors affecting the magnitude of the parachutist's impact on the ground are: the rate of descent, the method of landing, the wind speed, the condition of the ground, and the stability of movement. The blow characterizes the loss of speed by the parachutist.
Thus, the weight of the body upon impact increases 17 times. And with a parachutist weighing 30 kg, it will exceed 1500 kg. But even bending your knees and torso when landing, you must do it correctly, otherwise the effect will be insufficient. It is necessary to ensure that the tension of the legs and torso corresponds to the speed of the landing, in addition, in the art of soft landing, uniform tension of the mouse during the entire impact is very important.
Topic #6
Airfield rules.
An aerodrome is a land plot specially equipped for take-off, landing, parking, maintenance of aircraft. The aerodrome, in order to determine the working part, must have restrictive signs indicating the runway (runway) and taxiway (steering lane). Near the landing site of the aircraft, to the left of the runway, the landing T. is laid out in summer - white, in winter - black. In front and behind the "T", limiters are laid out from the same panels. A “cross” is also laid out from the panels - the place for the exact landing of paratroopers. Taxiways, parking places for aircraft and technical equipment at the start, the location of people are indicated by flags and signs. From among the experienced athletes, a starting outfit is assigned: the duty officer for the start and the duty officer for the landing area. Everyone at the start must be located in a place specially designated for people "square" (start). You can leave it only with the permission of the instructor. It is dangerous to be outside the square, especially to sit or lie in tall grass; the driver of the car serving flights may not notice a person in the grass and run into him.
Smoking at the airport is allowed only in a designated area. It is strictly forbidden to smoke and use open fire in the vicinity of aircraft, parachutes and technical equipment. Before you go on the airfield, you need to look around. In order not to get hit by a plane or a descending paratrooper. If an airplane is on the way, then it is necessary to bypass it from behind, and helicopters in front, at a distance of no closer than 10 m. Groups of people should move along the airfield only in formation. It is possible to cross the runway only with the permission of the RP (pallet manager), making sure that the plane does not take off and does not land. If it is necessary to cross or move to the other side of the airfield, it is necessary to move outside the runway, and preferably along the edge of the airfield. At the same time, one should be careful in the air approach strip, near the beginning and end of the runway. A skydiver landing on a runway or taxiway must, having collected the parachute in his hands, quickly release it.
Topic #7
Acquaintance with the aircraft.
The An-2 aircraft was created as an "air truck", engine power 1000 hp. Maximum takeoff weight 5500 kg. Biplane with forward main landing gear. The main parts of the aircraft are the fuselage (semi-monocoque): wings, engine, landing gear, tail unit, equipment. Thanks to the power plant (engine with a propeller), it can acquire certain translational movements. In this case, the air flow flows around the wings and, thanks to the profile, a lifting force is created on them that can tear the aircraft off the ground. The tail and ailerons are used to control the aircraft in three planes during flight. The fuselage serves to accommodate the payload, in this case, paratroopers. On board the An-2 aircraft, depending on the load, it is allowed to take up to 10 paratroopers with a pilot. Landing on the plane of paratroopers is carried out in the reverse order of the jump, i.e. the skydiver is the first to enter, jumping last. First of all, they occupy places on the right side of the cargo compartment. After boarding the aircraft of the entire group, the releasing instructor removes the step, closes the door, hooks the carabiners on the adapters and reports to the pilot. After climbing 700 m, releasing unlocked instruments on reserve parachutes. Jumps from the An-2 aircraft are performed both singly and in a series of two to 10 people. At the command to “get ready”, the paratroopers sitting on the port side and assigned to release the jump in this approach turn like a lime to the door and assume a ready position. The door is opened by the releaser. Signals for the jump are given by the pilot: "get ready" - two short siren signals; "went" - a long siren beep; “set aside” - frequent siren beeps. The emitter duplicates the signals by voice. On command, the paratroopers “went” one after another with an interval of 1-3 seconds, separated from the aircraft by a “soldier”. To properly separate from the aircraft, the parachutist must place his left foot with the middle of the foot in the lower left corner of the doorway. The right leg at this moment is half a step behind and, half-bending, separates from the plane, maintaining the position of the body. It is necessary to show the cadets the correct separation from the aircraft with a “soldier”, and after that, practically work out this technique with each cadet
Chapter 2.
^ TRAINING PARACHUTE
PARACHUTE D-1-5U
Controlled parachute D-1-5U (Fig. 11) is designed to perform training jumps.
^
1. With a total weight of a parachute and a parachutist of 120 kg, the design of the parachute provides:
─ reliable operation at an altitude of up to 1000 m, both with its immediate activation at a level flight speed of up to 250 km/h, and with any delay in the opening of the pack, while the maximum overloads that occur at the time of filling the canopy do not exceed 10g;
─ the minimum jump height from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 180 km/h with the immediate introduction of a parachute into action ─ 150 m;
average vertical rate of descent, reduced to the standard atmosphere, measured in the area 0-35 m from the ground, ─5.1 m/s;
─ stability during descent; parachute control with two control lines;
─ canopy turn and horizontal movement of the parachutist in the process of descent, and the canopy turn 360° in any direction in no more than 18 s with the tension of one control line and horizontal movement of the parachute forward at an average speed of 2.47 m/s;
─ the use of a semi-automatic parachute opening device PPK-U-575A or
KAP-ZP-575;
─ detachment of the dome from the suspension system both on the ground and in the air; use of a reserve parachute type 3-2, 3-Sh, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5;
─ the force required to pull out the exhaust ring or the exhaust cable, both with forced opening of the knapsack and with manual opening, ─ not more than 16 kgf;
─ technical resource ─ 200 applications (to be specified during operation) subject to timely repair and replacement of the dome cover.
2. Dimensions of the packed parachute, mm:
length ─ 570 + 20;
width ─ 377 + 20;
height ─ 262+20.
Rice. 11. General view of the opened parachute D-1-5U
3. The parachute weight is not more than 17.5 kg with a semi-automatic device without a portable bag.
Tactical and technical data of parachute parts
1. The pull rope is a nylon tape LTKMkrP-27-1200 with a strength of 1200 kgf and a length of 3000 mm with two loops (the second loop is at a distance of 1400 mm from the first). To protect the pull rope from burns, a cover made of cotton tape LHBMkr-35-260 in the form of a hollow hose is put on it. The same covers are put on all the loops of the rope and the carabiner.
2. A slingless ball chute consists of a parachute base and a spring mechanism. The hemispherical part is made of nylon mesh fabric, and the conical part is made of nylon fabric (art. 56005krP). The upper part of the parachute is also made of nylon fabric. Parachute area 0.22 m².
3. The cover of the dome is made of percale B orange (art. 7015kr), has the shape of a sleeve 5280 mm long, one pair of double removable combs, 11 pairs of non-removable rubber combs, an apron with two windows for passing double rubber combs.
4. Dome of round shape, made of percale P (art. 7019), consists of four sectors with a total area of 82.5 m². The diameter of the pole hole is 430 mm. The dome has 28 lines 8870 mm long made of cotton cord ShKhBP-125 with a strength of 125 kgf. Longitudinal holes are arranged on the panels of the dome between lines No. 27 and 28, 28 and 1, 1 and 2. To control the dome, control lines are mounted to lines No. 26, 27, 28 and 3, 2, 1.
^ Rice. 11A Dome D-1-5U in plan
1 ─Cloths; 2 ─ Reinforcing frame; 3─Reinforcing tape; 4 ─ Holes
5. Suspension system made of LTK-44-1600 nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kgf is equipped with OSK locks. For proper connection of the risers to the harness locks, the rear risers are marked with the words, . The length of the free ends of the suspension system is 560 mm.
6. The parachute pack is made of Avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of a bottom and four valves. The material of the ring that replaces the middle cone is silk cord ШШ-80. The length of a single backpack rubber with pendants is 370 mm, and a double one is 385 mm.
7. Flexible hoses made of metal sleeve covered with cotton tape
LXH-40-130, the ends of the hoses with the tape are tucked into caps.
Length of flexible hoses ─ 515 mm.
8. The pull ring consists of a body, a cable, three studs and a limiter. Trapezoidal case, made of steel wire with a diameter of 7 mm, red. The cable studs are located one from the other at a distance of 150 mm. The first pin, counting from the ring, has a length of 38 mm, the rest are 32 mm each. The length of the cable from the end of the last pin to the limiter inclusive is 1070 mm.
9. The pull ring with a cable loop is designed to open the parachute in the event of a break or non-engagement of the pull rope and consists of a ring, a cable, a loop and a limiter. The length of the cable from the loop to the limiter inclusive is 785 mm.
10. The exhaust cable has three pins at one end and a loop at the other. The loop of the cable is braided with a cotton cord ШХБ-40. The pins are located one from the other at a distance of 150 mm. The length of the first hairpin is 38 mm, the rest are 32 mm each. The length of the exhaust cable from the loop to the last pin inclusive ─ 1015 mm.
11. Protective cover of the exhaust cable made of raincoat fabric (art. 3101kr), has the shape of a sleeve 990 mm long. At one end there is a loop, which is connected with a loop-noose to the loop of the exhaust cable.
12. The device PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575 has a hose 575 mm long. Loop length ─ 19 mm, cable length ─ 732 mm. The flexible hairpin halyard is not included in the device kit, but is included in the parachute kit.
13. Break sling - made of cotton cord SHHB-60, folded in half and stitched with a zigzag stitch. At the same time, a loop is formed on one side of the broken sling, on the other there are two ends of the cord 505 and 605 mm long. The loop is attached to the bridle of the dome, and the ends of the sling to the loop of the pull rope. The ends of the broken sling are attached in such a way that, when one end of the broken sling is taut, the other has a slack equal to a quarter of the stretched end of the sling.
14. The halyard of the flexible hairpin is made of nylon cord ShKP-200 with a strength of 200 kgf in two additions and ends with loops, one of which (loop-noose) is mounted to the flexible hairpin of the device, the other ─ to the end loop of the exhaust rope. The length of the halyard of the flexible hairpin is 130 mm.
15. Rectangular carrying case, from Avisent A (art. 6700), has two carrying handles. Bag size 600x260x740 mm.
16. The passport is intended to record information about the acceptance, transfer, operation and repair of a parachute.
The passport is an integral part of the parachute.
^ PARACHUTE D-5 SERIES 2
The parachute (Fig. 12, 13) is designed for training jumps from transport aircraft.
^ Rice. 12. Scheme of opening the parachute D-5 series 2:
1 ─ chamber of the stabilizing dome; 2 ─ stabilizing dome; 3 ─ connecting link; 4 ─ chamber of the main dome; 5 ─ main dome; 6 ─ satchel
Rice. 13. General view of the packed parachute D-5 series 2:
1 ─ carbine; 2 ─ check tape
Tactical and technical data of the parachute
1. With a total weight of a parachutist with parachutes of no more than 120 kg, the D-5 series 2 parachute provides:
─ not less than 80 applications at flight speeds up to 400 km/h according to the instrument and altitudes up to 8000 m with the immediate introduction of the stabilizing parachute into action and subsequent descent on it for 3 s or more;
─ stability during descent;
─ the possibility of stopping the descent on the stabilizing dome at any time by opening the two-cone lock with an exhaust ring;
─ the minimum safe height of use from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 160 km/h according to the instrument with stabilization of 3 s is ─ 200 m, while the descent time on a fully inflated main parachute canopy is at least 10 s;
─ the average vertical rate of descent, reduced to the standard atmosphere and the total mass of a skydiver with parachutes of 120 kg, in a section of 30-35 m from the ground ─ no more than 5 m/s;
─ rapid loss of height during sliding without canopy folding phenomena;
─ the use of two safety devices (main and backup) with a hose length of 240 mm;
─ quick damping of the canopy after landing when the right free end of the harness is disconnected by means of the OSK-D lock;
─ the use of reserve parachutes of type 3-2 or 3-5;
─ the force required to open a two-cone lock with a pull ring or device is not more than 16 kgf.
2. Overall dimensions of the stowed parachute, mm: length without a stabilizing dome in the chamber, mounted on a knapsack, ─ 595+10;
width without parachute device ─ 335 + 10; height ─ 220+10.
3. The mass of the parachute without a portable bag and devices is not more than 13.8 kg.
Tactical and technical data of parachute parts
1. The chamber of the stabilizing dome is cylindrical in shape, made of nylon avisent (art. 56039). Chamber length 300 mm, folded width ─ 190 mm. In the upper part of the chamber there is a carabiner, which is attached to the chamber with LTKkrP-26-600 nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf. In the lower part of the chamber, four rings NP-25-8 are sewn diametrically opposite to lock the chamber with the stabilizer rings. In the hem of the upper base of the chamber, a nylon cord-tie ShKP-150 with a strength of 150 kgf is inserted for tightening the upper base of the chamber. A nylon tape LTKrP-26-600 with a strength of 600 kgf was passed into the eye of the carbine and stitched with a zigzag stitch to secure a rubber honeycomb mounted on a knapsack. Camera weight ─ 0.155 kg.
The chamber is intended for laying the stabilizing dome, lines and the upper part of the stabilizer into it.
2. The stabilizing dome is made of nylon fabric (art. 56004P or 56008P) and consists of a base and a sidewall. The dome has the shape of a truncated cone with a large base area of 1.5 m². To ensure the filling of the dome, an exhaust device is sewn in its pole part, consisting of eight pockets, the material for which is a dyed calendered fabric (art. 56005krPK or 56005krP). On the outer side of the base of the dome, reinforcing tapes LTKP-15-185 with a strength of 185 kgf and circular tapes LTKP-13-70 with a strength of 70 kgf are stitched in the radial direction. On the dome there are 16 slings made of ShKP-150 nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf. The length of lines No. 1.4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13 and 16 in the free state from the lower edge of the dome to the stabilizer loops is 520 mm, and lines No. 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 15 ─ 500 mm.
On each side of the pen is sewn on a tape with a ring for locking with rings sewn on the camera of the stabilizing dome.
The mass of the stabilizing dome is 0.57 kg.
3. Connecting link made of nylon tape LTKMkrP-27-1200 with a strength of 1200 kgf in two additions, designed to connect the stabilizing dome with the knapsack at the stage of stabilized descent and with the main dome at all stages of work.
At the top, the connecting link forms a 130 mm loop for attaching the stabilizer thimble. At a distance of 410 mm from the upper loop, a loop of LTKkrP-26-600 nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf was sewn to attach the halyard of the device's flexible pin. The lower part of the connecting link branches out, forming power tapes, the ends of which are sewn with buckles of a two-cone lock.
Jumpers made of LTK-44-1600 nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kgf are sewn on both sides of the power tapes. A nylon tape with a strength of 1200 kgf is sewn between the jumpers, forming a loop for attaching to the bridles of the camera and the main dome. The triangle formed from the ribbons of the connecting link is closed on both sides with kerchiefs made of gray nylon adviser (art. 56039).
Under one of the scarves of the connecting link, using a nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf, a guide ring for the halyard of the flexible pin of the device is sewn. On the power tapes near the buckles there are arrows to control the correct installation and setting of the power tapes on the two-cone lock. Connecting link length ─ 1030 mm.
Connecting link weight ─ 0.275 kg.
4. The chamber of the main dome made of gray nylon fabric (art. 56023krP), designed for laying the main dome and lines, has the shape of a cylinder 635 mm high and 450 mm wide (when folded). The lower base is continued by a special sleeve, in the hem of which an elastic ring is inserted to ensure an orderly exit of the main dome from the chamber.
The surface of the chamber is reinforced with two nylon bands with a strength of 600 kgf, which form a bridle. For the convenience of laying the dome, a scarf made of gray nylon fabric is sewn on the edge of the chamber.
In the hem of the upper base for tightening the chamber
embedded kapron cord with a strength of 150 kgf. Attached to the bottom of the chamber are two pairs of removable rubber honeycombs. On the reverse side, at a distance of 185 mm from the lower base of the chamber, an apron is sewn, which has four windows formed by grommets to pass removable rubber honeycombs.
One middle gazyr, a group of right and a group of left gazyrs for laying slings, three honeycomb distributor tapes with honeycombs from a knapsack cord are sewn on the chamber to hold the slings in the gazyrs.
For the convenience of laying slings, nylon tapes with a strength of 150 kgf are sewn on the gazyrs.
Camera weight ─ 0.44 kg.
5. The dome (Fig. 14) made of nylon fabric (art. 56009П) has the shape of a twenty-octagon and is designed for the safe descent and landing of a parachutist. The area of the dome is 83 m².
To increase the strength, the lower edge of the dome is stitched with nylon tapes with a strength of 200 kgf, and its central part is stitched with tapes with a strength of 70 kgf.
28 slings of nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf and a length of 9000 mm are attached to the dome.
Dome weight ─ 8.136 kg.
Rice. 13. The shape of the dome of the parachute D-5 series 2 in plan.
The numbers in a circle are the numbers of the lines, the numbers inside the circle are the numbers of the squares:
1─ panels of the dome; 2, 4 ─ reinforcing frame; 3 ─ loops for slings.
6. Suspension system made of LTK-44-1600 nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kgf is designed for convenient placement of a paratrooper and is a connecting link between a paratrooper and a canopy.
The suspension system is equipped with an OSK-D lock and consists of the following main parts: the main strap with dorsal and shoulder straps, one pair of detachable loose ends, and leg straps.
Detachable buckles are fixed at the free ends of the suspension system. On the reverse side of the main strap (on the right - below the OSK-D lock, on the left - below the curved buckle) are sewn with nylon tape LTKrP-43-800 with a strength of 800 kgf buckles for fastening the belts of the cargo container. In the lower part, the main strap is bifurcated, the ribbons are sewn end-to-end, and a cotton pad is sewn on them for comfortable sitting in the suspension system.
In the middle of the lower part of the main strap, on the outside, a loop of nylon tape with a strength of 800 kgf is sewn to fasten the cargo container link.
On both sides of the loop at a distance of 150 ─ 165 mm, using a nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf, half-ring buckles are sewn to pull the lower corners of the satchel to the main strap.
The shoulder girths, which formed the chest bridge, then pass through the windows of the main strap and, with the help of rectangular buckles sewn into the ends of the shoulder girths, form a waist girth.
The lower ends of the back-shoulder girths, passed between the tapes of the main strap and enveloping them in several places, form the leg girths.
The mass of the suspension system is 2 kg.
7. The knapsack made of nylon adviser consists of a bottom, right and left valves. The bottom of the knapsack is double, a rigidity frame is inserted into it.
The knapsack is designed to accommodate a dome with lines laid in the chamber, parts of the free ends of the suspension system and a safety device. The knapsack has a two-cone lock and a flexible hose covered with a cotton tape LXX-40-130 of lacquer color with a strength of 130 kgf.
Hose length ─ 380 mm.
The mass of the backpack is 2 kg.
8. The pull ring with a cable is designed to open a two-cone lock. It is made of a steel bar and consists of a body, a limiter, a cable and a wire loop.
The mass of the ring is 0.1 kg. Rope length ─ 600 mm.
9. Safety device (main) AD-ZU-240, PPK-U-240B or KAP-ZP-240B.
Device hose length 240 mm, cable length 397 mm, loop length 19 mm, flexible hairpin halyard length
The weight of the safety device is 0.95 kg.
When installing on a parachute only one device for opening a two-cone lock, the device can be equipped with a loop 42 mm long. The earring does not apply in this case.
10. Safety device (backup) AD-ZU-240, PPK-U-240B or KAP-ZP-240B.
Hose length ─240 mm, cable length ─ 397 mm, loop length ─19 mm, length of the flexible hairpin halyard ─ 360 mm.
The mass of the device is 0.95 kg.
11. An earring designed to connect the main and backup devices is made of steel. The thickness of the earring is 2.5 mm. The earring has two holes: one is for the cone of the lock, the other is for the hinges of the main and backup devices.
12. Carrying bag of rectangular shape, made of cargo advice.
Bag dimensions ─ 260X740X600 mm. The mass of the bag is 0.725 kg.
13. The passport is designed to record information about the acceptance, transfer, operation and repair of a parachute.
AIRBOARD COMMANDER'S OFFICE
MILITIES
For official service
TEXTBOOK OF SERGEANT OF THE AIRBOARDING FORCES
Part two
Under the general editorship of Lieutenant-General P. V. CHAPLYGIN
Approved by the Commander of the Airborne Troops
as a textbook for parachute cadets and sergeants
airborne units of the Airborne Forces
Order of the Red Banner of Labor
MILITARY PUBLISHING
MINISTRIES OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR
MO CK BA--1975
The textbook consists of two parts.
Part one: six chapters (tactical, firepower, engineering training; weapons of mass destruction of a potential enemy and protection against him; organization, armament and tactics of the actions of subdivisions of the armies of the USA, Germany and England; sergeants - net commanders - educators of their subordinates) .
Part two: seven chapters (airborne, technical, automotive and physical training; artillery, multithrowers and ATGMs; communications training; military topography).
INTRODUCTION
The successful performance of combat missions by an airborne assault behind enemy lines largely depends on the training and morale and combat qualities of paratroopers.
In the conditions of the rapid development of the scientific and technological revolution, the further equipping of the troops with modern highly effective weapons and equipment, the importance of the special and technical training of soldiers, sergeants and officers is growing.
This Textbook is intended for cadets and sergeants of the Airborne Forces. It contains the main questions in the scope of the program of combat training of parachute sub-divisions for airborne, technical, physical training, military topography, training in communications, operation of vehicles; introduces the tasks, purpose, characteristics of artillery systems and information about shooting. The textbook sets out the duties and methodological advice to the sergeant - commander of the department in his practical work in commanding the department and in training subordinates.
The first chapter, "Airborne Training," outlines the structure of human landing parachutes, the procedure for their laying and use when making jumps from various types of military transport aircraft, the duties of the issuer, the content and procedure for ground testing of the elements of the jump.
In the second chapter "Technical training" the general arrangement of the airborne combat machine (BMD-1) is given; types, scope and practical recommendations for its maintenance and operation; duties of crew members, as well as data on refueling, lubrication and adjustment of units and mechanisms necessary for the sergeant in his practical work on the maintenance and operation of the machine.
The third chapter "Automobile training" contains a brief technical description of the vehicles, the main provisions for their maintenance and operation, internal service in the parks, the duties of the commander of the department and the senior car.
The fourth chapter "Artillery, mortars and ATGMs" provides brief information about the tasks, designation, capabilities and use of artillery systems, target designation, shooting and its correction.
The fifth chapter, “Communications Training,” contains brief data on tactical-level portable radio stations, equipment for collecting troops and the R-124 tank intercom, which is necessary for a sergeant in practical work.
The sixth chapter "Military topography" sets out practical recommendations for orienting on the ground, moving in azimuths, working with a map on the ground and compiling the simplest combat graphic documents.
The seventh chapter "Physical training" gives the content and methodological advice on conducting a daily morning hour of physical training, training sessions in gymnastics, overcoming obstacles and accelerated movement, attack and self-defense, swimming and ski training.
For a deeper study of the material contained in the Textbook, it is necessary to use the appropriate instructions, manuals and special teaching aids.
Chapter first
AIRBOARD TRAINING
The squad leader is responsible for training the squadron's personnel in airborne training. » He is obliged:
know perfectly well the material part of human landing parachutes, parachute launchers and be able to prepare them for a jump;
know the heavy airborne equipment of the squad and be able to prepare it for landing;
be able to perform parachute jumps as part of a subdivision and following military equipment;
know the rules for preparing weapons and equipment for a jump;
be able to conduct classes with the squad on the shells of the airborne training complex on the task of jumping;
be able to control the readiness of his squad and combat equipment for decontamination;
know the rules for the release of paratroopers from the aircraft and be able to perform the duties of a release.
1. Parachute D-5 ser. 2
Parachute D-5 ser. 2 (landing, fifth sample, second series - fig. 1) is intended for performing training and combat jumps from military transport aircraft by paratroopers in equipment and with service weapons of paratroopers of all specialties.
Parachute D-5 ser. 2 allows you to jump from aircraft at flight speeds up to 400 km / h as part of units from altitudes from 8000 m to 200 m. The speed of descent by parachute D-5 ser. 2 with a total parachutist weight of 120 kg does not exceed 5 m/s.
Parachute D-5 ser. 2 back It is put into action by pulling out the exhaust ring. The required strength does not exceed 16 kg. The parachute is equipped with one or two safety devices tisha PPK-U or AD-ZU.
Pue. I. General parachute D-5 ser. 2 complete with reserve parachute 3-5
Rice. 2. The work of the parachute D-5 ser. 2 in the air:
/ - camera stabilizing parachute; 2
- stabilizing parachute: 3
- connecting link: 4
- chamber of the EU dome; 5 - main dome; 6
- larashute satchel
When making training jumps with a parachute D-5 ser. 2, a type 3-5 reserve parachute is used. Parachute 3-5 is activated if necessary. Bec parachute D-5 ser. 2, prepared for a jump, does not exceed 15 kg.
The parachute is absolutely reliable in operation and allows you to make more than 100 jumps during 12 years of its operation.
Parachute D-5 ser. 2 consists of the following parts: a stabilizing dome chamber, a stabilizing parachute 1.5 s 2 with a connecting link, a main dome chamber, a main dome 83 m 2, a suspension system, a backpack with a two-cone lock, an exhaust ring with a cable, figurative bitches. The parachute kit also includes: parachute equipment (main and backup), passport and consumables.
Parachute operation (Fig. 2). When separated from the aircraft, the parachutist in the fall, due to his weight, activates the stabilizing parachute. The camera of the stabilizing dome with the carabiner remains in the aircraft on a cable. The stabilizing dome, being filled with air, activates the PPK-U device. With a stabilized descent, the parachute bag is closed. Usually it is necessary to open the knapsack 3 s after separation. After opening the two-cone lock with a parachute and safety device, the knapsack opens and the stabilizing parachute activates the main dome. At the same time, the slings come out first, and then the dome itself, starting from the bottom edge and up to the top. The canopy fills up and the skydiver descends at a speed of 5 m/s. The camera of the main dome and the stabilizing parachute with a connecting link are lowered on the dome. All actions of a parachutist during a jump are performed in accordance with the RVDS-75.
2. Reserve parachute 3-5
The reserve parachute 3-5 provides a safe landing of the parachutist in case of full or partial failure of the main parachute. When making jumps, parachute 3-5 is conveniently attached to the harness of the main parachute and is placed at the level of the parachutist's chest in a horizontal position. Parachute 3-5 is put into action by an exhaust ring with a cable and provides a decrease in the parachutist with a weight of 120 kg at a speed of 7 m/s. Parachute weight 5.2 kg. Reserve parachute 3-5 consists of a 50 m 2 canopy, an intermediate suspension system, a satchel, an exhaust ring with a cable and a portable bag. Each parachute comes with a passport.
The work of the reserve parachute. When pulling out the exhaust ring, the knapsack opens and the air flow takes the dome away from the parachutist. Pockets at the top of the dome contribute to faster filling of the dome. After the canopy is filled, the pack remains on the main parachute harness separately from the intermediate harness. In necessary cases,
Introducing the reserve parachute into action, you need to hold the canopy with your hands after opening the knapsack, and then sharply throw it in the right direction.
3. Parachute devices
When making parachute jumps, the use of parachute devices is a measure to increase the safety of jumps, and the devices themselves perform the function of insurance means. In all
Rice. 3. Parachute devices PPK-U-240B and AD-ZU-D-240:
1 - hose; 2 - cable; 3 - earring; 4 - flexible cord cord; 5 - flexible
hairpin
Cases of a parachute must be opened by the skydiver himself. If he does not do this, then after a given time or at a given height, the parachute will open with the help of the device.
For a parachute of the D-5 type, devices such as PPK-U-240B or AD-ZU-D-240 are currently used (Fig. 3).
Parachute device PPK-U-240B
Parachute semi-automatic combined and unified PPK-U-240B is a modification of the KAP-ZP device and also ensures the opening of the parachute pack after a specified time or at a specified height. It works in the time range from 2 to 5 s, in height from 0.3 to 8 km. The device remains operational in the temperature range from +60 to -60 ° C and after lifting it to a height of up to 35 tsh.
The technical resource of the device is 750 operations for 4 years, and with 500 operations for 5 years it guarantees -
Xia completely trouble-free operation of the device. At the same time, the prn-boron must be stored and operated with care.
Device device. The components of the device are: a case with a shutter, a clock mechanism with locking levers, an aneroid with a height adjustment mechanism and an exhaust device.
Device operation. Prnbor can work both in time and in height. During work, the aneroid is switched off temporarily. To turn off the aneroid, you need to set the height higher than the height of the burp. For a jump with a narashyutom D-5 ser. 2, the altitude is set to 4000 m, and the operating time of the clock mechanism is nl 3 s. In order for the device to be ready for action, it must be weighed, i.e., first insert a flexible pin into the shutter so that the clock mechanism is locked, and compress the springs of the exhaust device by pulling smoothly and with a force of about 30 kg on the cable to the click. A click means that the exhaust device is connected to the clockwork and the clockwork is ready for operation. To set 3 s, it is necessary, having not completely removed the flexible pin, to bleed the clockwork until the arrow turns against the mark 3 on the time scale. At the same time, the lock lever with a cut-out will approach the stop of the aneroid somewhat. With the rise to a height, the aneroid expands and its stop rises, but if the height of 4000 m is not reached, then the stop will not fall out of the plane of the upper board of the device and the aneroid will not interfere with the operation of the clock mechanism. When separated from the aircraft, the flexible pin is pulled out of the shutter by the halyard and the clock mechanism starts working due to the force of the springs of the exhaust device. After 3 s of work, the pawl that connects the exhaust device with the clockwork, disengages and the springs abruptly move the cable inside the exhaust device. The cable through the earring will open the two-cone lock, and the parachute will open.
The height on the device must be set using a screwdriver wrench from the device kit, and the power springs must be cocked using a stirrup or a cord threaded into an earring at the end of the cable.
A flexible hairpin needs to be countered with a thread in one addition with an eight-measure, tying three simple knots. The remaining ends of the thread should be 15-20 mm long. It is forbidden to disassemble the device on your own. Information about each operation of the device must be entered in the passport.
The order of inspection of the device PPK-U-240B before mounting on a parachute.
First you need to make an external inspection of the device. At the same time, make sure that the seals and glasses are in good order, there is no damage to the body and tube, there are no dents or swellings on the hose, there is no stuck pin in the gate, the threads of the cable and the gunk are not broken, the loop is not deformed, the cover of the body does not move, inside the device is free of dust and moisture, the aneroid pin does not protrude outside the board. After that, the work of the watch mechanism is checked, For this you need
Cock the device and make sure that the arrow has gone beyond the last division of the scale, when the flexible pin moves in the shutter by 5 mm, the clock mechanism does not bleed, also when the pin is bent 90 ° to the side. On a general command, flexible pins are pulled out and the smoothness of the clock mechanism is determined by ear. The operating time should be within 5 ± 0.7 s, and the clock mechanism works without jamming. Having made sure once again that no foreign objects are visible inside the device through the glass, and the pin is not deformed, the device can be mounted on a parachute.
Parachute device AD-ZU-D
The AD-ZU-D device is a simplified version of the KAP-3 and PPK-U devices. It differs in that it does not have an aneroid and works only on time. Bec and dimensions of the device AD-ZU-D are smaller than PPK-U-240B. The details of the clock mechanism of the device are the same as the details of the K.AP-3 and PPK-U devices. When preparing the device, the difference lies in the fact that there is no check for operation in height, and the operation time of the device is checked from the mark of 3 s, while the operation time must be within 3 ± 0.3 s. The device is mounted, as well as the PPK-U-240B device.
Methodological advice
Squad commander during training on the material part of the parachute D-5 ser. 2, in training packing, in training for putting on a parachute and attaching weapons, he must first of all convince the young soldier of the high reliability of the parachute and the reliability of its operation. This can only be achieved with an impeccable knowledge of the material part and a deep understanding of the purpose of each part in the process of parachute operation.
At the same time, the device of the parts of the parachute should be explained according to the opening process, and the purpose and functions of this part should be shown by the method of sequential dissolution of the parachute laid in accordance with all the rules. The stowed parachute is placed on the stowage table next to the parachute extended to its full length. At the same time, the top-down explanation method contributes to better memorization, that is, in the sequence in which these parts come into play when making a jump.
When explaining the operation of the parachute as a whole, attention should be paid to the relationship between the work of the parts of the parachute and the actions of the parachutist himself.
For example, if a paratrooper has performed all the necessary actions on the plane and in the air, then nothing can delay the process of opening the parachute, since the carabiner of the camera of the stabilizing parachute will be hooked to the cable in the plane or to the extension ring, the carabiner dog will not allow the carabiner to detach. bina from the cable, a carbine with a camera when separating a paratrooper from
The aircraft will remain on the line, and the stabilizing parachute will enter the air stream. Trouble-free filling of the stabilizing parachute will occur because the canopy pockets and stabilizer feathers will direct the flow into the canopy in less than 0.1 s. Pulling out the pull ring will force the double-cone lock to open, and the force of the stabilizing canopy, equal to the weight of the parachutist and holding the paratrooper in a comfortable position for the main canopy to start working and for the parachutist to operate in the air, will stretch the canopy and lines to its full length, thus ensuring reliable filling of the canopy . The special arrangement of the dome chamber completely eliminates the possibility of the dome overlapping with slings.
From this it is clearly seen that the prerequisite for an incident can be only in two cases: when the carabiner is not hooked and when the pull ring is not pulled out.
Therefore, the implementation of these two actions is mandatory for every paratrooper.
At the same time, it should be explained to young soldiers that to control the engagement of the carbine, a release officer is appointed, who is responsible for the entire process of paratroopers jumping from the aircraft. In case the skydiver delays in pulling the ring, after a set time, the parachute jumper will open the two-cone lock without the intervention of the paratrooper.
The combination of a detailed explanation with a practical demonstration of a training film will ensure that every paratrooper overcomes the uncertainty or fear of parachuting.
II. LAYING HUMAN PARACHUTES 1. Laying the main parachute
Parachute stowage D-5 ser. 2 produce two people - laying down (the owner of the parachute) and helping. For the convenience of control, the process of laying a parachute is divided into stages, and the stages are divided into operations. The stages and correctness of parachute packing are controlled by the unit commander and the VDS officer.
For packing, parachutes are concentrated at a prepared workplace indicated by the unit commander. At the same time, laying accessories are being prepared that are necessary for fast and high-quality laying indoors, outdoors, in the presence of wind (Fig. 4). The set of laying accessories includes: 16X1 m; lining canvas-beggar 5.5X1.26 m; 11 metal crutches; 3 weights with sand 450x70 mm; laying fork with a hook; portable bag for storing and carrying accessories.
Stages of laying: I - inspection of the parachute; II - laying the dome; III-packing the dome into the chamber and laying the slings; IV - laying
stabilizing parachute; V - tightening the knapsack, installation of a device ii of a two-cone lock; VI - fitting the suspension system and filling out the passport.
Rice. 4. Parachute stowage kit
Execution of stages (Fig. 5)
I e t a p. Inspection of the parachute. For inspection and stowage of the parachute
must be removed from the transfer bag, place parts of the parachute on
pull the cloth, dome and slings to their full length. Turn on
passport the presence of all parts and proceed to the inspection. Steam parts
the chute are inspected in the following order: the stabilization chamber
dome; stabilizing dome with straps; connect-
body link; main dome chamber; dome with slings; under-
spring system; backpack with flexible hose and two-cone lock;
exhaust ring with strosos; portable bag; device PPK-U-240B
or AD-ZU-D. During inspection, attention should be paid to
availability of all parts of the parachute, their serviceability and reliability of mutual
leg connection.
If tears, burns, abrasions of the fabric with broken threads are detected, if the seams are dirty, if the integrity of the seams is broken, if any elements are missing, and when examining metal parts - burrs, corrosion or seizing of moving parts, and also if there is doubt about the serviceability of parts or the correctness their connections must be reported to the commander of your unit and the VDS officer who controls the laying. After completing the inspection, insert the ring into your pocket. a cable through the hose.
II stage. Dome lining. After checking the readiness of steam
chute for laying, proceed with laying the main dome. For
This laying down and helping to take their places (laying down - y the lower edge of the dome, helping - y the top of the ku-floor).
Laying take the control 14th line, put on it
live loop of the 15th sling. With the second hand, straighten the lower edge
> ku between these slings and put the middle of the edge on the
Dock cloth. Continue laying to the factory mark. After that, transfer the unlaid half of the dome to the laid one, move the control 14th line to the right by 2-3 cm and continue laying the dome in the same order to the factory stamp. When installed correctly, the factory stamp on the dome should be located at the top right. At the end of the laying, remove the weights from the dome, tuck the right side of the dome, and then the left along the width of the chamber and put the weights again.
Put the camera on the dome, while helping to keep the dome from moving, preventing weights from being left on the dome. After putting on the camera, trim the edge of the dome and check that it is located at the level of the tape sewn around the perimeter of the camera.
Check that the dome is installed correctly.
To do this, the helper keeps the slings from shifting y of the lower edge, and the laying man, taking the 1st and 28th slings in his hands, passes from the lower edge of the dome to the knapsack. It is necessary to unravel the slings by lifting the knapsack up outward, grasping the slings going down inside. When laying the lines correctly, the 1st and 28th lines should be located at the free ends of the suspension system from above and first from the inside, and on the dome - first from above.
III stage. Packing the dome into the camera and laying the lines. After checking the position of the slings, proceed to the check of the camera with slings. To do this, pass rubber honeycombs through the apron windows and pass slings through them, starting from the lower honeycombs. Pass the slings into the combs by 4-5 cm. After the chamber is checked, they should exit the upper comb on the side of the chamber with 6 gazyrs. Until the end of the check of the slings in the combs, do not close the chambers with pockets.
Then you need to sequentially put the dome into the chamber and tighten the cord of the upper part of the chamber. The link and bridle assembly of the dome and camera must be located outside. Lay the slings in the gazyri. To do this, the laying insert sequentially insert the slings into each gazyr, starting with the upper central gazyr, then the upper right gazyr, the upper left and ending with the lower right gazyr. The slings should not go beyond the limits of the gazyry, and between the gazyry should not allow the formation of a noticeable slack. 60-70 cm of the length of the slings should remain unstowed. During laying, the lines must not be twisted. The formation of slack in individual (stretched during operation) lines up to 400 mm is allowed for the buckles of the free ends. After laying the lines, straighten the canopy and lines of the stabilizing parachute and be ready for the stage check. After checking, close the pockets of the checking combs.
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Rice. 5. Laying parachutes D-5 ser. 2 and 3-5:
about - raspshyuzhenie slings; b- putting on the camera; e - laying a stabilizing dome; g - installation of a parachute device; c - position of lines 3-B; e- refueling knapsack 3-5
Stage IV Laying of the stabilizing dome. For styling
stretch the stabilizer "] the floor to the full length, fold the feathers
stabilizer one to another, without twisting the lines of the dome,
bend the feathers outward twice to the sleeping tapes and put
weight on them. Then put on the stabilizing parachute chamber
on the canopy and lines to the stabilizer rings (carbine - to the top
domes). Knit a thread in two additions of the stabilizer ring and
chambers with a triple simple knot. Then the slings n the dome without re-
put the twist into the chamber and tighten the cord on the chamber. Knot
cord must be tucked inside the chamber. Open the valves of the satchel
to the sides, fold the free ends in half and put on
knapsack.
Be ready to check the stage.
V stage. Tightening the knapsack, mounting the device and the two-cone
castle. After checking stage IV, put the camera with the dome on
slings on the satchel without turning it over. Put sleep on the camera
chala left valve, then right. Take the right power tape
with a buckle ii pass it from above into the ring of the left valve, a le-
the first braid - into the ring of the right valve, while the arrows on the ribbon
max should be turned outward. Power tapes skip
into the windows of the knapsack, put the buckles on the zdmka cones and close the pre-
relatively castle. After that, turn the connection of the flexible halyard
studs with a loop-choke to the loop of the connecting link and pass
sew the halyard into the ring y of the top of the scarf. Slack connector
fold the links between the ring and the loop of the halyard in half and fill
into the fork of the honeycomb on the right valve. The rest of the connection
fold the body link and the stabilizer in a zngzag manner from above on
the knapsack so that the carabiner is on the side of the valve of the knapsack with a pocket
nom for prnbor. Pass the rubber honeycomb on the valve over
cameras in the ring at the bottom of the top y ero satchel and check
tape on the lug of the carabiner. Fill the carabiner "between the rubber bands
honeycombs. Mount parachute device.
To mount an inspected and serviceable PPK-U device on a parachute, you need:
set the altitude to 4000 m;
insert a nut with a bayonet pin into the mounting hole of the two-cone lock plate located closer to the end of the plate;
insert the body of the device into the pocket of the satchel and tie the ribbons;
insert a flexible pin into the device, cock the device and set the time to 3 s;
lock the flexible hairpin thread in one addition with a measure-eight;
lock the loop of connecting the halyard of the flexible hairpin to the ring on the valve of the knapsack of the thread in two additions;
tuck the halyard of the flexible hairpin into the pocket. Mount the final two-cone lock, for this:
holding the buckles with power ribbons, open the lock;
put on the upper cone of the shutter a loop of the exhaust cable
Rings, and on the lower shutter cone - special gray parachute device;
lock the lock with a thread in one folded figure eight;
lower the cable shock absorber to the hose;
check the reliability of the connection of the special screw and the nut and whether the nut with the bayonet pin is completely driven towards the device;
close the two-cone lock with a flap and make sure that the flap is held on the button in the buttoned position.
For this you need:
straighten the main strap;
adjust the suspension system in height by moving the right shoulder girth through the jumper of the OSK-D lock body, and the left one (or both, if the OSK-D lock is not) through the shoulder curved buckle of the main strap;
adjust the suspension system in terms of volume by reducing or increasing the waist girth using rectangular buckles;
podp_at leg girths moved by ribbons through rectangular buckles;
adjust the straps of the backpack pull-up with the help of special tapes and buckles.
Take off your parachute, fill out your passport. After checking the parachute in the goats, place the parachute in the bag and seal the bag.
2. Stowing a reserve parachute
The packing of the reserve parachute is organized similarly to the packing of the main parachute and consists of the following stages: I - inspection of the parachute; II - laying the dome; III - laying lines; IV - laying the dome in the knapsack and tightening the knapsack; V - refueling a satchel, issuing a passport.
Execution of stages
I stage. Inspection of the reserve parachute. It is performed in the same way as the inspection of the main parachute. Particular attention is drawn to the serviceability of the slings and the traction ring. After examining all parts of the parachute, you need to insert the ring into the pocket, and the cable into the flexible hose, and position the intermediate suspension system so that the strap with the clutch is to the right of the canopy.
II stage. Dome lining. Start laying from the 12th line.
On the 12th line, lay the 13th line, straighten the edge
between these straps. The helper straightens the cloth
floor to top. Continue laying in the same order until
water mark. Throwing then unlaid panels on
laid, move the 12th line to the right by 2-3 cm and continue
laying the dome to the factory mark. At the end of the laying
water glue.mo should be located at the top in the middle. Dome
fold across the width of the satchel, bending the right edge, and then le-
wow. If necessary, change weights.
To check the correctness of the laying of the dome, you need to take the 1st and 24th lines and make sure that they are located on the top and next to the middle edges, and on the top and first on the inside on the half rings. Slabnnu from the hood to drive the slings to the half rings.
stage. Sling laying. For laying the sling, it is necessary to put the satchel with honeycombs on top of the intermediate hanging system. The valve with the ring should be located on the left, the rest of the valves are tucked down, and the jumper should pass along the edge of the bottom of the knapsack, located farther from the dome. The slings are laid with a hook, without twisting them, into the left farthest (from the dome) cell, and then alternately into the remaining cells. At a length of 1.4 m to the half-rings, the slings do not fit into the honeycomb. This part of the lines must be laid on the lines in a zigzag pattern across the lines laid in the honeycomb.
stage. Laying the dome vranets and tightening the knapsack. Put the dome on the knapsack so that the lower edge runs along the lintel, fold the rest of the dome in a zig-zag manner onto the knapsack, preventing the dome from “scattering”. Holding the dome with your hand,
Lords on the dome.
Seal the dome by pressing on it with valves, put the grommet of the lower valve on the cous of the upper valve and insert the auxiliary pin. Similarly, put the second eyelet on the cone, then inserting the hairpin. Spread the pockets of the y pole part evenly on top of the dome and tighten first the left valve (with ring), and then the right one, inserting the exhaust cable studs instead of the auxiliary studs. Remove the cable slack in the gpb-cue hose to the ring.
V stage. Refueling a satchel, registration of a passport. Refuel
carefully lapels of the valves and fasten the knapsack elastic bands. Re-
side flaps must pass through the fastening rings
knapsack. After examining the entire parachute, fill the pass
port.
3. Attaching a reserve parachute
To attach a reserve parachute, you must: - make sure that the harness is fitted correctly and all carabiners are fastened;
take a parachute;
fasten the fastening carabiners for the half rings on the knapsack;
tighten the fastening straps and tuck them under the grooves of the spare at the bottom of the knapsack;
connect the free ends of the intermediate suspension system to the staples on the main strap, inserting the fingers into the bushings to the end and turning the fingers a quarter of a turn until the ears of the finger fall into their nest.
III. CONTROL PARACHUTE D-5 ser. 4 AND ITS FEATURES
Parachute D-5 ser. 4 is made according to the tiiu of the parachute D-5 ser. 2 and has the same purpose. Its main difference is that the ku-yul is made horizontally controlled, and by means of the free ends of the floating type, you can additionally change the speed of horizontal movement. There is no OOK-D lock on the suspension system either. Additional structural elements, unlike D-5 ser. 2 are (Fig. 6) :
cutouts in the dome, closed with a fishing net, one each in front and behind the dome;
two control lines;
two pairs of free ends, prepared each from one piece of tape, passing through its middle in a rectangular curved buckle of the suspension system;
ends to fix the last one from a random change
scheeia.
There are some other differences in the design. Bec parachute D-5 ser. 4 for jump 17 kg.
Features of laying the parachute D-5 ser. four.
When preparing a parachute for packing, you need to fix the free ends from moving by inserting sharps into pockets. Laying the dome should begin with the 13th sling, and then lay the 14th sling and continue laying. For a right-handed dome, the factory stamp should be located at the top right.
After checking the correct laying of the canopy, tuck the slack in the control lines into the rubber loops. The rest of the D-5 ser. 4 is stowed similarly to the parachute D-5 ser. 2.
Rules for using a controlled dome (Fig. 6, d, e). Until the full filling of the dome, the operation of the parachute D-5 ser. 4 does not differ from the operation of the D-5 parachute ser. 2.
After filling the canopy, the parachutist gets the opportunity to control his canopy both in terms of the horizon and the speed of movement, i.e. move forward or backward at a speed of 2.3 m / s, turn 180 ° in 17 s, apply glide. Landing speed with neutral canopy and calm, no more
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Instructions for skydiving D-5 series 2. (opening delay 3 seconds)
Preparation at the start
At the command “Take off to dress”, recorded on this take-off and named by last name, the paratroopers approach the packing table laid out at the start where the parachute equipment is located and each stand next to their parachute, which the instructor will point them to.
At the same time, you should not try to put on a parachute on your own, as well as raise or turn it over or the parachutes of your neighbors, since, due to your lack of experience in handling parachute equipment, you can simply “dissolve” the parachute right at the start. Therefore, experienced athletes and instructors, without fail, help each first-time parachutist to put on a parachute.
In addition to the main parachute, in this case D-5 p.2, the kit includes a reserve parachute Z-5, a hard helmet, and a parachute bag that is placed under the chest bridge and reserve. Both parachutes and the main D-5s.2 and reserve Z-5 are equipped with PPKU safety devices.
Starting inspection
After the parachute system and ammunition are fitted and dressed, the paratroopers go to the starting inspection line.
The starting inspection line is a conditional line a few meters from the stacking tables, as a rule, it is marked with red flags along the edges.
Having reached the starting inspection line, the paratroopers line up in one line. From this moment it is strictly forbidden: to leave the inspection line, change places with other paratroopers on the line, as well as to be on the line to unauthorized persons.
On the starting inspection line, all paratroopers, or rather their parachutes and ammunition, will be examined twice by at least two instructors for the correct packing of parachutes and the readiness of parachute equipment for use for the jump.
At the same time, all first-time paratroopers, without fail, are placed by weight in the sequence in which they will leave the aircraft, so that the heavier paratrooper would be the first and the lighter extreme. This is done in order to minimize the possibility of convergence of paratroopers in the air.
Boarding the plane
After the inspection is completed, the paratroopers, at the command of the instructor, go to the aircraft in the same order as they were on the starting inspection line. Approach to the aircraft is allowed only from the tail side. Landing is carried out strictly at the command of the instructor. When boarding an aircraft, it is necessary to follow the same sequence that was on the line of sight, so that lighter paratroopers are closer to the cockpit and heavy paratroopers are closer to the doors of the aircraft (except for some types of helicopters where the doors are next to the cockpit).
On the plane, paratroopers are seated, according to the instructions of the instructor, on the left and right sides, with their backs to the wall, half a turn towards the door ("Christmas tree"). You should avoid unnecessary movements and "fidgeting" so as not to accidentally catch the parachute pack on any protruding objects or parachutes of neighboring paratroopers. In addition, you can’t grab the pull ropes coming from the parachutes, which the instructor will hook with carabiners to a special cable located under the ceiling of the aircraft. The connection of the D-5 p. 2 parachute pull rope with the aircraft cable ensures the release of the stabilizing parachute from the chamber at the moment of separation, and is the main condition for the normal operation of the parachute at the initial stage.
After placing the paratroopers on board the aircraft, the releasing instructor closes the door and reports to the pilot about the readiness for takeoff.
The issuing instructor is the most trained skydiver instructor whose duties include organizing parachute jumps immediately from the moment the paratroopers board and until they leave the aircraft. The commands of the issuing instructor are obligatory for unquestioning fulfillment by all paratroopers on board.
Takeoff and climb
Having received a report from the issuing instructor on the readiness of the paratroopers, the aircraft commander begins to take off.
At an altitude of 100-150 meters, the graduating instructor instructs the first-time skydivers to look out the windows. Skydivers must memorize what the ground looks like at this altitude, as the ability to visually determine an altitude of 100-150 meters will be required in preparation for landing.
Upon reaching a height of more than 700 meters, the issuing instructor (or paratroopers under his control) pulls out the halyard with a flexible pin from the safety devices of the PPKU on the reserve parachutes of first-time paratroopers (this ensures that the device is ready for forced opening of the reserve reserve parachute at an altitude of about 300-400 meters )
When an aircraft enters a combat course, the graduating instructor gives the command "Ready".
At the “Ready” command, the paratroopers take the main parachute draw ring with their right hand, after inserting the right hand into the rubber band attached to the ring (the rubber band is necessary so that the ring is not lost after use).
At the height of the drop, which is 800-900 meters for first-time paratroopers, the releaser opens the door and, after making sure that the aircraft is at the point necessary for landing, gives the command "Stand up"
Since, due to the sound of the aircraft engine and wind noise after opening the door, commands given by voice can be heard with distortion, in order to exclude the possibility of their misunderstanding, the issuing instructor duplicates all commands with his hands.
The “Stand up” command is accompanied by an upward movement of the outstretched arm, while the arm is directed towards the side that the paratroopers will leave first. As a rule (but not always) the paratroopers located on the port side are the first to jump.
On this command, all paratroopers sitting on the indicated side stand up and turn towards the door, and all paratroopers of the opposite side remain in their places.
Branch
After all paratroopers have stood up and turned towards the door, the releasing instructor gestures for the first jumper, the one closest to the doors, to take the jumping position.
At this command, the parachutist approaches the door, puts his left foot on the edge (door threshold), and assumes a position at 90 degrees relative to the tail of the aircraft, the right hand firmly holds the main parachute draw ring, and the left hand fixes the right hand in the wrist area, the arms themselves are pressed to the chest, as it were, “cross over”, the elbows are tightly pressed to the sides, and the legs are half-bent to make a jump, while the toe of the left leg, located on the edge (threshold) of the door, slightly protrudes outward.
It is also necessary to bend down, or bend your head, so that at the moment of the jump you do not touch the upper bar of the door with your head.
In this case, the parachute pull rope should in no case be in front of the parachutist.
Having taken the starting position, the parachutist waits for the “Go” command. Separation without a release team is strictly prohibited.
The graduating instructor asks the skydiver the question “Ready?”, And after making sure that he is ready to jump, he gives the command “Let's go!”
Team "Go!" without fail, it is duplicated by the clap of the hand of the detached paratrooper on the shoulder or back. Considering the tense psychological state, in which a distorted perception of voice commands is possible, the first-time skydiver is obliged to focus, to a greater extent, not by ear, precisely on a tap on the shoulder.
Hearing the command "Let's go!" and, having felt a tap on the shoulder, the parachutist without delay, but without too much fuss, energetically pushes off the side of the aircraft, and maintaining the grouping position; hands on the chest, elbows pressed to the body and legs immediately after the push are brought together, the countdown begins 501. 502. 503. The countdown is done loudly and aloud. It is unacceptable to count: one, two, three, or keep counting “to yourself”.
Thanks to the countdown in this mode, by the time the skydiver says 503, approximately three seconds will have passed from the moment he leaves the aircraft, this is exactly the time that is necessary for the skydiver to move away from the aircraft at a distance that ensures the safe opening of the parachute.
Immediately upon reaching the reading of 503, the parachutist pulls the main parachute draw ring forcefully in the direction away from himself and towards the leg.
In a fraction of a second after pulling out the pulling ring, the parachutist will feel a dynamic shock, which is felt as a sharp jerk with an instant stop of the fall and is a sign of the opening and filling of the parachute canopy.
Dome work
After feeling a dynamic jerk, indicating that the parachute is open, the skydiver must perform the following actions:
1. Inspect the dome to assess its integrity, proper filling, and performance.
2. Look around to avoid possible convergence with other skydivers.
3. Unlock the safety device of the reserve parachute.
In order to inspect the dome, you need to raise your head up so that you can see the entire dome, from its front edge to the back. The dome must be of a regular round shape, without gusts, overlaps and breaks in the lines. The canopy of the D-5 parachute in normal working condition is a hemisphere well filled with air flow, made of white material, from the edge of which 28 lines are stretched to the free ends of the suspension system, in a strict order without intersecting with each other.
Inspection of the canopy is the first action that a parachutist must perform immediately after opening the parachute.
The next action of the skydiver is to look around to make sure that there is no threat of convergence (collision) with other skydivers. When looking around, it is not enough just to look to the right, to the left and in front of you, you must also look behind you to make sure that there are no other skydivers dangerously close behind you. To do this, the parachutist needs to turn around in the suspension system.
U-turn in the harness
this is done as follows: the skydiver throws his head back and with one hand (let's say the right one) takes the rear left free end in the region of the left shoulder, while the hand is held between the skydiver's face and the rear free ends, at the same time the paratrooper is taken with the second hand (respectively, the left) behind the front right free end at the level of the right shoulder, while the hand is held in front of the front free ends. After that, the rear and front free ends are pulled towards each other. As a result, the free ends twist and the harness begins to unfold, allowing the skydiver to inspect the space behind him. After inspection, the parachutist releases the free ends and returns him to his original position. When viewed from the sides, it is also necessary to examine the space below you in order to exclude the possibility of accidentally falling into the canopy of a parachutist located below.
Inspection of the canopy and inspection on the sides are a mandatory action after opening the parachute, only after that, having made sure of his own safety, the parachutist can begin to work directly under the canopy. (But as a rule, at this stage, from a person making his first jump, in addition to the above actions, no special work under the canopy is required, since his entire “route” has been calculated in advance by the head of the jumps and the releasing instructor.)
The third action of the parachutist after opening the D-5s.2 parachute is to unlock the safety device of the reserve parachute in order to prevent it from working at a given height.
To do this, the skydiver takes the red line on the reserve parachute with the fingers of one hand and carefully pulls it out of the soft white loop, holding this loop with the fingers of the other hand.
All these three actions are performed in a strictly specified sequence, namely: inspection of the canopy, inspection on the sides, unlocking the reserve parachute.
After that, for convenience and a more comfortable descent, the parachutist needs to sit in the harness.
To do this, the parachutist needs to take one hand (for example, right) on the rear free end (also right) and put the thumb of the other hand (left) under the circular strap approximately in the area of \u200b\u200bthe back pocket of the trousers, and lifting the leg bent at the knee (in this case, left) sharply pulling up, bring the circular strap as deep as possible under you. Then change hands and repeat the same on the other side.
You can also sit in the suspension system simply by slipping the thumbs of both hands on the circular strap (in the area of the back pockets) and with a sharp jerk bringing it under you.
If it is not possible to sit down in the harness system, then the skydiver descends as it is.
After opening, inspecting the dome and looking around, the skydiver has 1.5 - 2.5 minutes left before landing.
Altitude control and preparation for landing at an altitude of 100-150 meters. (D-5s.2 parachute)
After opening and inspecting the dome, the skydiver constantly monitors the height and position relative to the ground. Altitude control by a novice skydiver who does not have special instruments is carried out by observing the horizon line and visually assessing the approach of the earth.
Immediately after the opening, the horizon is usually observed by a parachutist under him at an angle of approximately 45-60 degrees, the earth looks like a topographic map, and the downward descent is not felt and is not noticed visually.
Gradually, a feeling of downward movement appears, the contours of large objects, buildings, trees, etc. begin to be drawn, and the horizon line rises.
When descending to a height of 100-150 meters, the skydiver begins to fully feel his vertical speed and clearly see trees, buildings, equipment and other large objects on the ground, and the horizon level is at shoulder or eye level. For a more convenient determination of the height of the horizon level, you can raise any arm at an angle of 90 degrees by stretching it towards the horizon, if the horizon is in line with the outstretched arm, this means that the skydiver is at a height of about 100-150 meters.
At an altitude of 100-150 meters, the parachutist must:
1. Determine your position relative to the landing area.
2. Determine the direction of the wind near the ground.
To determine the direction of the wind, the skydiver finds with his eyes a parachute launch and a cone-wind indicator (sorcerer) mounted on it. The sorcerer is a two-color cloth cone fixed on a support (3-6 meters) in the form of a net, with a length of two meters or more. The sorcerer operates on the principle of a weather vane, that is, it turns in the wind with a narrow end. If the parachutist cannot find the sorcerer, or orient himself according to it, then the direction of the wind can be determined by the following additional signs:
1. Domes of previously landed paratroopers. (All canopies of skydivers who have just landed lie on the ground in one direction - the direction of the wind)
2. Smokes from chimneys and fires. (also directed downwind)
3. Dust from passing vehicles (if there are unpaved roads near the landing area)
Having determined the direction of the wind and his position, the parachutist is waiting to reach a height of 30-50 meters
The height of 30-50 meters is determined by the following features:
1. Small objects on the ground become visible, voices and faces of people are distinguishable
2. The rate of decline is felt and visually determined as having increased significantly.
Preparation for landing at an altitude of 30-50 meters. (parachute D-5s.2)
Upon reaching a height of 30-50 meters, the parachutist should take hold of the rear free ends with his hands, squeeze his legs tightly, bend them slightly at the knees and put them forward a little so that from behind the reserve parachute you can see the toes of his shoes, the feet should be firmly pressed to each other and be in the same plane with the landing surface, so that the landing occurs simultaneously on the entire area of both feet brought together.
ATTENTION! It must be understood that landing on toes or on heels can lead to injury, and when landing on one foot, injury is almost inevitable.
If the skydiver descends in a position against the direction of the wind or sideways to it (that is, in the direction that does not correspond to the direction of the sorcerer), he it is necessary to turn around in the suspension system in the right direction (so that the wind is directed at the back) and maintain this position until it touches the ground. It is forbidden to release the risers directly in front of the ground, as this will lead to unwinding and meeting the ground with the feet at the time of the turn, which in turn can lead to injury to the skydiver's legs.
If, when assessing the direction of the wind, the skydiver sees that the sorcerer is hanging vertically, which means the complete absence of wind (calm) and the skydiver himself moves forward, then the landing is carried out without turning in the harness.
Having taken the starting position, the parachutist waits for contact with the ground, any attempts to turn around and change position at this moment are prohibited. (Except for the situations provided for in the instructions for actions in special cases)
Landing.
Having touched the ground, the parachutist, not trying to stand on his feet, falls in the direction in which the canopy pulls him along. At the same time, the hands continue to remain at the rear free ends, until they come to a complete stop. After landing, the parachutist, standing on his feet, immediately runs around the canopy and, standing on the side of it, removes the suspension system from himself, unfastening in succession: a reserve parachute, chest jumper, leg loops. Having freed himself from the suspension system, he puts the parachute in the parachute bag and follows to the launch site.
ATTENTION!
The sequence of actions after landing is strictly observed in the order indicated: 1. Stand on the side of the dome. 2. Unfasten the reserve parachute. 3. Unfasten the chest strap. 4. Unfasten the leg loops.
Failure to follow this sequence, in the event of a sudden sharp gust of wind, can lead to an unexpected fall of the parachutist to the ground due to the newly filled canopy, followed by repeated dragging and injury (or strangulation) by the carabiner and straps of the unfastened chest jumper, with the leg loops unfastened earlier.
Dragging.
In the presence of wind after landing, it is possible to drag a parachutist along the ground due to an incompletely extinguished dome. Although not a special case, dragging is nevertheless fraught with injury to the parachutist on any protruding objects, such as stones, and therefore must be eliminated as quickly as possible.
To eliminate dragging parachutist after landing
rolls over on his stomach (if he fell on his side or back upon landing), spreads his legs as wide as possible and, catching with his hands a few lower ones on the ground, the sling takes them to a break (to avoid cuts and burns of the hands) and intercepts pulls him to himself and to the side, as if pulling the canopy of the parachute towards you. It is necessary to pull the lines until the parachute canopy is completely extinguished (or comes to a complete stop). In strong winds, it is possible to stretch the entire length of the lines to the very edge of the dome, an attempt to stand up to a complete stop (canopy extinguishing) can lead to a second fall to the ground.
After extinguishing the canopy and stopping the dragging, the parachutist, standing up, runs around the canopy and, standing on the side of it, on the leeward side, removes the harness system in the previously described sequence.
Conclusion.
If, upon impact with the ground, the skydiver feels the onset of pain indicating a possible injury, he needs to extinguish the canopy, roll over onto his back (except when the pain intensifies) and raise his hand up to attract attention, wait for help. Trying to get up and move independently to the starting point is prohibited.
Conversely, after a regular landing, the parachutist should get to his feet immediately after the canopy is extinguished, so that the observer of the RP group (jump leader) makes sure that the jump and landing are completed normally.
GOOD JUMPS AND SAFE LANDINGS!
The article was prepared by Oleg Russkikh. Karaganda. This article is the property of the site When copying and reprinting, please indicate the working link.
Designed for training jumps from transport aircraft from a height of up to 8,000 meters at an aircraft speed of up to 400 km/h
PARACHUTE D-5 SERIES 2
D-5 series 2 parachute deployment scheme
1 ─ chamber of the stabilizing dome; 2 ─ stabilizing dome; 3 ─ connecting link; 4 ─ chamber of the main dome; 5 ─ main dome; 6 ─ satchel
General view of the packed parachute D-5 series 2
1 ─ carbine; 2 ─ check tape
Tactical and technical data of the parachute D-5 series 2
1. With a total weight of a parachutist with parachutes of no more than 120 kg, the D-5 series 2 parachute provides:
- at least 80 applications at flight speeds up to 400 km/h IAS and altitudes up to 8000 m with immediate activation of the stabilizing parachute and subsequent descent on it for 3 s or more;
- descent stability;
- the possibility of stopping the descent on the stabilizing dome at any time by opening the two-cone lock with an exhaust ring;
- the minimum safe height of use from a horizontally flying aircraft at an instrument flight speed of 160 km/h with stabilization of 3 s is ─ 200 m, while the descent time on a fully inflated main canopy is at least 10 s;
- the average vertical rate of descent, reduced to the standard atmosphere and the total mass of a skydiver with parachutes of 120 kg, in a section of 30-35 m from the ground - no more than 5 m/s;
- rapid loss of height when sliding without phenomena of folding the canopy;
- the use of two safety devices (main and backup) with a hose length of 240 mm;
- fast extinguishing of the canopy after landing when the right free end of the harness is disconnected by means of the OSK-D lock;
- use of reserve parachutes of type 3-2 or 3-5;
- the force required to open a two-cone lock with a pull ring or device is not more than 16 kgf.
2. Overall dimensions of the stowed parachute, mm: length without a stabilizing dome in the chamber, mounted on a knapsack, ─ 595+10;
width without parachute device ─ 335 + 10; height ─ 220+10.
3. The mass of the parachute without a portable bag and devices is not more than 13.8 kg.
Tactical and technical data of parts of the parachute D-5 series 2
1.Stabilization Dome Camera cylindrical shape, made of nylon avisent (art. 56039). Chamber length 300 mm, folded width ─ 190 mm. In the upper part of the chamber there is a carabiner, which is attached to the chamber with LTKkrP-26-600 nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf. In the lower part of the chamber, four rings NP-25-8 are sewn diametrically opposite to lock the chamber with the stabilizer rings. In the hem of the upper base of the chamber, a nylon cord-tie ShKP-150 with a strength of 150 kgf is inserted for tightening the upper base of the chamber. A nylon tape LTKrP-26-600 with a strength of 600 kgf was passed into the eye of the carbine and stitched with a zigzag stitch to secure a rubber honeycomb mounted on a knapsack. Camera weight ─ 0.155 kg.
The chamber is intended for laying the stabilizing dome, lines and the upper part of the stabilizer into it.
2.Stabilizing dome made of nylon fabric (art. 56004P or 56008P) and consists of a base and a sidewall. The dome has the shape of a truncated cone with a large base area of 1.5 m². To ensure the filling of the dome, an exhaust device is sewn in its pole part, consisting of eight pockets, the material for which is a dyed calendered fabric (art. 56005krPK or 56005krP). On the outer side of the base of the dome, reinforcing tapes LTKP-15-185 with a strength of 185 kgf and circular tapes LTKP-13-70 with a strength of 70 kgf are stitched in the radial direction. On the dome there are 16 slings made of ShKP-150 nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf. The length of lines No. 1.4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13 and 16 in the free state from the lower edge of the dome to the stabilizer loops is 520 mm, and lines No. 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 15 ─ 500 mm.
On each side of the pen is sewn on a tape with a ring for locking with rings sewn on the camera of the stabilizing dome.
The mass of the stabilizing dome is 0.57 kg.
3. connecting link made of nylon tape LTKMkrP-27-1200 with a strength of 1200 kgf in two additions, designed to connect the stabilizing dome with the knapsack at the stage of stabilized descent and with the main dome at all stages of work.
At the top, the connecting link forms a 130 mm loop for attaching the stabilizer thimble. At a distance of 410 mm from the upper loop, a loop of LTKkrP-26-600 nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf was sewn to attach the halyard of the device's flexible pin. The lower part of the connecting link branches out, forming power tapes, the ends of which are sewn with buckles of a two-cone lock.
Jumpers made of LTK-44-1600 nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kgf are sewn on both sides of the power tapes. A nylon tape with a strength of 1200 kgf is sewn between the jumpers, forming a loop for attaching to the bridles of the camera and the main dome. The triangle formed from the ribbons of the connecting link is closed on both sides with kerchiefs made of gray nylon adviser (art. 56039).
Under one of the scarves of the connecting link, using a nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf, a guide ring for the halyard of the flexible pin of the device is sewn. On the power tapes near the buckles there are arrows to control the correct installation and setting of the power tapes on the two-cone lock. Connecting link length ─ 1030 mm.
Connecting link weight ─ 0.275 kg.
4. Main Dome Camera made of gray nylon fabric (art. 56023krP), designed for laying the main dome and lines, has the shape of a cylinder 635 mm high and 450 mm wide (when folded). The lower base is continued by a special sleeve, in the hem of which an elastic ring is inserted to ensure an orderly exit of the main dome from the chamber.
The surface of the chamber is reinforced with two nylon bands with a strength of 600 kgf, which form a bridle. For the convenience of laying the dome, a scarf made of gray nylon fabric is sewn on the edge of the chamber.
In the hem of the upper base for tightening the chamber
embedded kapron cord with a strength of 150 kgf. Attached to the bottom of the chamber are two pairs of removable rubber honeycombs. On the reverse side, at a distance of 185 mm from the lower base of the chamber, an apron is sewn, which has four windows formed by grommets to pass removable rubber honeycombs.
One middle gazyr, a group of right and a group of left gazyrs for laying slings, three honeycomb distributor tapes with honeycombs from a knapsack cord are sewn on the chamber to hold the slings in the gazyrs.
For the convenience of laying slings, nylon tapes with a strength of 150 kgf are sewn on the gazyrs.
Camera weight ─ 0.44 kg.
5. Parachute canopy D-5 series 2 made of nylon fabric (art. 56009P) has the shape of a twenty-octagon and is designed for safe descent and landing of a parachutist. The area of the dome is 83 m².
To increase the strength, the lower edge of the dome is stitched with nylon tapes with a strength of 200 kgf, and its central part is stitched with tapes with a strength of 70 kgf.
28 slings of nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf and a length of 9000 mm are attached to the dome.
Dome weight ─ 8.136 kg.
The shape of the canopy of the D-5 series 2 parachute in plan.
The numbers in a circle are the numbers of the lines, the numbers inside the circle are the numbers of the squares:
1─ panels of the dome; 2, 4 ─ reinforcing frame; 3 ─ loops for slings.
6. suspension system made of nylon tape LTK-44-1600 with a strength of 1600 kgf, designed for convenient placement of a paratrooper and is a connecting link between a paratrooper and a canopy.
The suspension system is equipped with an OSK-D lock and consists of the following main parts: the main strap with dorsal and shoulder straps, one pair of detachable loose ends, and leg straps.
Detachable buckles are fixed at the free ends of the suspension system. On the reverse side of the main strap (on the right - below the OSK-D lock, on the left - below the curved buckle) are sewn with nylon tape LTKrP-43-800 with a strength of 800 kgf buckles for fastening the belts of the cargo container. In the lower part, the main strap is bifurcated, the ribbons are sewn end-to-end, and a cotton pad is sewn on them for comfortable sitting in the suspension system.
In the middle of the lower part of the main strap, on the outside, a loop of nylon tape with a strength of 800 kgf is sewn to fasten the cargo container link.
On both sides of the loop at a distance of 150 ─ 165 mm, using a nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf, half-ring buckles are sewn to pull the lower corners of the satchel to the main strap.
The shoulder girths, which formed the chest bridge, then pass through the windows of the main strap and, with the help of rectangular buckles sewn into the ends of the shoulder girths, form a waist girth.
The lower ends of the back-shoulder girths, passed between the tapes of the main strap and enveloping them in several places, form the leg girths.
The mass of the suspension system is 2 kg.
7.knapsack from a kapron avisent consists of a bottom, right and left valves. The bottom of the knapsack is double, a rigidity frame is inserted into it.
The knapsack is designed to accommodate a dome with lines laid in the chamber, parts of the free ends of the suspension system and a safety device. The knapsack has a two-cone lock and a flexible hose covered with a cotton tape LXX-40-130 of lacquer color with a strength of 130 kgf.
Hose length ─ 380 mm.
The mass of the backpack is 2 kg.
8.Pull ring with a cable is designed to open a two-cone lock. It is made of a steel bar and consists of a body, a limiter, a cable and a wire loop.
The mass of the ring is 0.1 kg. Rope length ─ 600 mm.
9.Safety device(main) AD-ZU-240, PPK-U-240B or KAP-ZP-240B.
Device hose length 240 mm, cable length 397 mm, loop length 19 mm, flexible hairpin halyard length
The weight of the safety device is 0.95 kg.
When installing on a parachute only one device for opening a two-cone lock, the device can be equipped with a loop 42 mm long. The earring does not apply in this case.
10. Safety device (duplicate) AD-ZU-240, PPK-U-240B or KAP-ZP-240B.
Hose length ─240 mm, cable length ─ 397 mm, loop length ─19 mm, length of the flexible hairpin halyard ─ 360 mm.
The mass of the device is 0.95 kg.
11. Earring designed to connect the main and backup devices, made of steel. The thickness of the earring is 2.5 mm. The earring has two holes: one is for the cone of the lock, the other is for the hinges of the main and backup devices.
12. Carrying bag rectangular shape, made of cargo advice.
Bag dimensions ─ 260X740X600 mm. The mass of the bag is 0.725 kg.
13. Parachute passport designed to record information about the reception, transfer, operation and repair of the parachute.