Table international organizations of the world. International economic and economic-political organizations. International non-governmental organizations: list, areas of activity, relevance

In the conditions of world globalization, integration of economies, unification of legislation and blurring of borders between countries, it is no longer possible to make decisions alone. It is necessary to coordinate intentions on various issues with other members of the world community. Along with states, international organizations are important members of world politics. Conflicts between groups of people and countries, terrorist groups, climate change, geopolitics, the development of the Arctic shelf, the disappearance of rare animal species - this is not a complete list of issues that require their participation. To resist the new challenges of our time is possible only by joint efforts.

Definition

The international organization is a voluntary union of member states created for cooperation in the fields of economy, politics, culture, ecology, and security. All their activities are based on international treaties. The nature of interaction can be both interstate and non-state, at the level of public associations.

signs

At the heart of any international organization are at least six main features:

• Any organization must be established and operate in accordance with international standards of law. Usually, when creating such an association, all member states sign an international convention, protocol or agreement that guarantees the fulfillment of all obligations assumed by the participants.
• The activities of international organizations are regulated by their Charter, which defines the goals, objectives, principles, structure of the association. The provisions of the Charter must not contradict the norms of international law.

• The rights and obligations of all participants. They are usually equal for any member of the union. Also, they should not cancel the independent rights of the participants. The sovereignty of the state cannot be violated. The rights of international organizations determine the status of an association, regulate the issues of their creation and activities.
• Permanent or regular activities, sessions, meetings between members to resolve international issues.
• Decision-making by a simple majority of votes of the organization's members or by consensus. The final decisions are recorded on paper and signed by all participants.
• Presence of headquarters and governing bodies. Not infrequently, the Chairman of the organization acts as the last one. Participants preside in turn, for a limited time period.

Classification

What international organizations exist? All associations are subdivided depending on several criteria.

One organization can fit several criteria at once.

List of key international organizations

According to 2017 data, there are 103 global organizations in the world. Some of them are permanent, others are collected for sessions.

African Union

It is an international intergovernmental organization with 55 member states. The main goal of the association is the comprehensive cooperation and development of African states and peoples. The area of ​​interest includes the economy, trade, security, education, health care, wildlife conservation, human rights protection and much more.

Asia-Pacific Economic Community

An international regional organization focused on the economy and trade in the Asia-Pacific region. The association is the initiator of the creation of unhindered and free trade between the participating countries.

Andean Community of Nations

International regional association of the countries of South America. It has a socio-economic orientation. Members of the community are in favor of the integration of the states of Latin America.

This international community includes eight states. Its goal is to preserve nature in the Arctic region, minimizing the damage caused to nature during the development of shelves.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

It is an international organization of the states of Southeast Asia. The range of issues considered by the association is not limited, but the main issue concerns the creation of trade zones. The structure includes 10 countries. In 2006, a declaration was signed between Russia and the Association, which allows states to cooperate within the framework of the meetings held by the Association.

Bank for International Settlements

This is a financial institution. Its goal is to strengthen cooperation between the Central Banks of different countries and simplify international settlements.

World Association of Nuclear Power Plant Operators

An organization whose members are the countries operating nuclear power plants. The purpose and mission of the organization is to create conditions for the safe use of nuclear energy, improve the safety of nuclear power plants.

world Trade organisation

A multilateral international organization whose member countries are parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Designed to create conditions for the liberalization of trade participants. One of the largest organizations with 164 members.

International Atomic Energy Agency

An organization whose purpose is to promote the safe use of nuclear energy. The agency also prevents the spread of nuclear weapons.

UN

The United Nations is an association created after the Second World War by 50 participating countries to maintain peace and security on the planet. At the moment, the UN is the most influential organization in the world. In addition to keeping the peace, the UN now deals with a wide range of global issues. What international organizations are members of the UN? There are 16 institutions in total. The organization includes such specialized international associations:

1. The World Meteorological Organization is a UN body responsible for meteorology, global warming and the interaction of the atmosphere with the world's oceans.
2. The World Health Organization is a UN agency designed to solve international problems in the field of public health of the Earth's population. The organization actively contributes to improving the level of medical services, hygiene, vaccination of the population in the world. The structure includes 194 countries.
3. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, better known by its acronym UNESCO. The association deals with the issues of education and the eradication of illiteracy, discrimination in education, the study of different cultures and the social sphere of human life. UNESCO is actively involved in the fight against gender inequality, plays a huge role in solving a wide range of problems on the African continent.
4. UNICEF, or the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, is engaged in comprehensive assistance to the institution of motherhood and childhood. Among the main goals of the fund are the reduction of child mortality, the reduction of deaths in pregnant women, and the promotion of primary education among children.
5. The International Labor Organization is a special UN agency responsible for regulating labor relations both within countries and on the international labor market.

Russia's participation in global organizations

The Russian Federation takes an active part in the life of the world community and is a permanent member of a large number of world organizations, let's consider the main ones:

• A customs union is a supranational association of several countries with the aim of creating a single economic space and market, eliminating customs restrictions on goods.
• The United Nations (Security Council) is a permanent body of the United Nations dealing with international security issues.
• The Commonwealth of Independent States is a union of states that were formerly part of the USSR. The main goal of the CIS is the issues of political, economic and cultural interaction between the participating countries.
• The Collective Security Treaty Organization is a council of several states to maintain peace and order in the territory of the participants.
• The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe is an association dealing with security issues in Europe.
• The Council of Europe is an association of European countries to strengthen democracy, improve human rights legislation and cultural interaction between countries.
• BRICS is a group of five countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa.
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - a regional forum for the development of trade between participants.
• The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an association whose goal is to maintain peace and stability. It is not a military bloc.
• The Eurasian Economic Union is a regional organization that advocates the integration and convergence of the markets of the participating countries.
• The International Organization for Standardization is a worldwide association whose main goal is to issue international standards and their implementation on the territory of all participants.
• The International Olympic Committee is an organization created to revive and promote the Olympic movement in the world.
• The International Electrotechnical Commission is an association that standardizes electrical networks and equipment.
• The World Trade Organization is a trade union designed to ensure equal rights in the international market for all participants.

International organizations - permanent associations of an intergovernmental or non-governmental nature, created on the basis of international agreements in order to promote the solution of international problems specified in the agreements.

The term "international organizations" is usually used to refer to both international intergovernmental (interstate) organizations and international non-governmental organizations. However, these organizations have a different legal nature.

International intergovernmental (interstate) organizations are permanent associations of states created on the basis of an international treaty in order to promote the solution of international problems specified in the treaty.

International non-governmental organizations - permanent associations of national unions, associations, non-governmental societies to achieve common goals in the field of health, culture, education, science and technology, charity, etc. In order for an organization to be recognized as an international non-governmental organization, it must meet the following requirements:

the purpose of the organization is a non-commercial activity of international importance;

the establishment of the organization is carried out in accordance with the internal legislation of the state, and not on the basis of an international agreement;

the effective activity of the organization is carried out in at least two states.

Classification by circle of participants

universal (that is, for all states; for example, the UN)

regional (whose members can be states of the same region; for example, the Organization of African Unity, the Organization of American States)

interregional

Classification by the nature of powers

interstate - not limiting the sovereignty of the state

supranational (supranational) - partially restricting the sovereignty of the state: by joining such organizations, member states voluntarily transfer part of their powers to an international organization represented by its bodies.

Function classification

Rule-making advisory intermediary operational information

Classification by order of admission of new members

open (any state can become a member at its discretion)

closed (admission with the consent of the original founders)

Classification by competence (field of activity)

general competence (e.g. UN)

special competence (political, economic, credit and financial, trade, health; for example, the Universal Postal Union)

Major international organizations:

United Nations - (UN, United Nations)

WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization.

IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency.

UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Interpol - (Interpol)

Other international-regional organizations:

Andean Community -

ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASEM - Forum "Asia - Europe"

APPF - Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum

African Union (formerly OAU) - Wikiwand African Union

European Free Trade Association - EFTA

European Union - Wikiwand European Union

CARICOM - CARICOM

Arab League - League of Arab States

The League of nations

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO

NAFTA - North American Free Trade Area - NAFTA

INOBI - International Organization for Entrepreneurship and Investment - INOBI

OSCE - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Producing and Exporting Countries - OPEC

Organization Islamic Conference

northern council

CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Indenpendent States

ATS - Warsaw Pact Organization

CMEA - Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

Comintern - Third Communist International

Union of Orthodox States

The role of international organizations

International organizations are among the most developed and diverse mechanisms for streamlining international life. According to the Union of International Associations, in 1998. there were 6020 international organizations; over the past two decades, their total number has more than doubled.

International organizations, as a rule, are divided into two main groups.

1. Interstate (intergovernmental) organizations are established on the basis of an international treaty by a group of states; within the framework of these organizations, the interaction of the member countries is carried out, and their functioning is based on the reduction to a certain common denominator of the foreign policy of the participants on those issues that are the subject of the activity of the corresponding organization.

2. International non-governmental organizations arise not on the basis of an agreement between states, but by combining individuals and/or legal entities whose activities are carried out outside the framework of the official foreign policy of states. International non-governmental organizations do not include structures that aim at making profit (transnational corporations).

It is clear that interstate organizations have a much more tangible impact on international political development - to the extent that states remain the main actors in the international arena.

The influence of non-governmental organizations on international life is also quite tangible. They may raise issues that are not affected by the activities of governments; collect, process and disseminate information on international issues requiring public attention; initiate concrete approaches to their solution and encourage governments to conclude appropriate agreements; to monitor the activities of governments in various spheres of international life and the fulfillment by states of their obligations.

international organization- a permanent association of an intergovernmental or non-governmental nature, created on the basis of an international agreement in order to promote the solution of international problems specified in the agreement. International organizations are characterized by:

- the presence of a constituent document;

— permanent or regular nature of the activity;

- using multilateral negotiations and discussion of problems as the main method of activity;

There are intergovernmental, non-governmental, global and regional international organizations.

United Nations is an international organization of states founded in 1945. in order to maintain and strengthen peace, security and development of international cooperation.

The principal organs of the UN are the UN General Assembly, the UN Security Council, the UN Economic and Social Council, the UN Trusteeship Council, the UN International Court of Justice and the UN Secretariat.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, English: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - established in 1946. a specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes the implementation of the goals of universal education, the development of culture, the preservation of the world's natural and cultural heritage, international scientific cooperation, and ensuring freedom of the press and communication.

European Economic Community (EEC)- the name of the European Union until 1994. The European Community was founded under the Treaty of Rome in 1957. as a common market of six European states.

European Union- economic association of 15 . A single internal market has been created in the EU, restrictions on the free movement of goods, capital, and labor between countries have been lifted, and a single monetary system has been formed with a single governing monetary institution.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC, English: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a cartel (association of entrepreneurs), formed in 1960. some oil-producing countries in order to coordinate the policy of oil production and control over world prices for crude oil. OPEC sets quotas for oil production.

World Trade Organization (WTO)- founded in 1995, a global international organization that deals with the rules of international trade. The WTO is based on agreements negotiated, signed and ratified by the majority of countries participating in international trade. The purpose of the WTO is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers in the conduct of their business. The WTO is the successor to the GATT.

Association of Southeastern States ()- founded in 1967 regional organization, which included, and. The goals of ASEAN are to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development of countries, establishing peace in the region.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO, English: North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - a military political alliance created on the initiative on the basis of the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in April 1949 in the United States,

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International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An intergovernmental organization created to regulate monetary and credit relations between states. The IMF was established at the international monetary and financial conference of the United Nations in Bretton Woods (USA) in 1944. The Conference adopted an Agreement that acts as a Charter. The agreement entered into force in 1945, and the practical activities of the Fund began in 1947. The IMF is a specialized agency of the United Nations, headquartered in Washington. In accordance with the Agreement, the UN has no right to make recommendations to the Fund relating to its policies.

The articles of the agreement were changed in 1969, 1978, 1992. Currently, the IMF includes more than 180 states. Russia joined the IMF on June 1, 1992.

The fund is organized on the model of a joint-stock company. The capital of the IMF is formed from the contributions of member countries in accordance with quotas, reflecting the share of each in the world economy and trade. The voting system is determined by the size of the country's contribution to the Fund.

IMF Goals:

Promoting international cooperation in the monetary sphere;

Promoting the expansion and balanced growth of international trade and, accordingly, the growth of employment and the improvement of the economic conditions of the participating countries;

Assistance to participating countries by providing loans and credits in foreign currency for the settlement of balances of payments and stabilization of exchange rates;

Providing consulting assistance on financial and currency issues to the participating countries;

Implementation of control over the observance by the participating countries of the code of conduct in international monetary relations.

The IMF cooperates only with official state organizations. Financial resources are issued in shares (tranches), the receipt of each of which is linked to the fulfillment by the borrowing country of its obligations. In fact, the IMF is the institutional basis of the international monetary system.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

WTO is a multilateral intergovernmental organization, including the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT, signed in Geneva in 1947); General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and other agreements.

The WTO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, established on January 1, 1995, headquartered in Geneva. Currently, there are about 130 states in the WTO. The budget is formed from the contributions of the participating countries, decisions are made by consensus.

The main objectives of the WTO:





Liberalization of international trade, thus ensuring economic growth and development of the participating countries;

Exercising control over trade policy;

Priority of the multilateral trading system over regional trade agreements.

Currently, negotiations are underway on Russia's accession to the WTO.

Council of Europe (CE)

International advisory organization of European countries. The Council of Europe was founded in 1949 by Western European states. Currently, the CE includes more than 40 states. Observer status granted to the USA, Canada, Japan. Russia joined the CE in 1996.

The main activities of the Council of Europe: human rights issues, the development of humanitarian, legal, socio-economic cooperation between the participating countries. At present, the main task of the Council of Europe is to assist the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in carrying out political, legislative and constitutional reforms.

The main organs of the Council of Europe:

The Committee of Ministers (CM) consists of the ministers of foreign affairs of the participating countries;

Parliamentary Assembly (PACE);

Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe (CLRAE).

The activities of the Council of Europe are based on the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The supervisory body is the European Court of Human Rights. The headquarters is in Strasbourg (France).

Organization of American States (OAS)

Created in 1948 in Bogota (Colombia); participants - 35 states of the Western Hemisphere, including the USA, Canada, Cuba. Permanent observers in the OAS: Japan, Germany, France, Russia (since 1992), Israel, Spain, Italy and other countries.

Objectives of the OAS:

Maintaining peace and security on the continent;

Promoting social, cultural and economic cooperation between states.

Principles recorded in the Charter of the OAS:

sovereign equality of states;

Settlement of disputed issues exclusively by peaceful means;

Refusal to use force;

Refusal of direct or indirect interference in the affairs of neighboring countries.

In 1994, the "Action Plan for America" ​​was adopted, it provides:

Strengthening the American Community of Democracies;

Promoting wealth growth through economic integration and free trade;

Eradication of poverty and discrimination in the Western Hemisphere;

Ensuring sustainable development and preservation of the environment for future generations.

The supreme body of the OAS - the General Assembly, consists of representatives of the participating countries, is convened annually, alternately in their capitals. The executive body, the Permanent Council of the OAS, is located in Washington.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

It was formed in 1989 in order to support the economic growth and development of the participating countries, to enhance the positive impact of the growing economic interdependence of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Currently, APEC includes 21 states of the region: Australia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Canada, China, Kiribati, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, South Korea, Singapore, USA, Thailand. Taiwan, Philippines, Chile, Vietnam, Peru, Russia (since 1997)

The main activities of APEC:

Exchange of information and holding consultations on policy and economic development in order to achieve sustainable growth and reduce the gap in economic development;

Development of strategies that provide for the reduction of obstacles to the movement of goods, services, investments;

Cooperation in such areas as energy, fisheries, transport, telecommunications, tourism, environmental protection;

Promoting the development of regional trade, investment, the movement of financial resources, technology transfer, industrial cooperation, infrastructure development, and the provision of labor resources.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Organization of the main oil-producing countries of Asia. Africa and Latin America, which account for more than 1/3 of world oil production. Created in 1960 at a conference in Baghdad (Iraq). OPEC includes: Venezuela. Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Qatar, Nigeria, United Arab Emirates.

OPEC Goals:

Coordination and unification of the oil policy of the participating countries;

Determination of effective collective and individual means of protecting their interests;

Using the necessary means and methods to ensure price stability on the world oil market;

Protecting the interests of oil-producing countries by ensuring their sustainable income;

Ensuring an efficient, regular supply of oil to consumer countries;

Ensuring that investors receive fair returns from investments in the oil industry;

Ensuring environmental protection;

Cooperation with non-OPEC countries in order to implement initiatives to stabilize the world oil market.

The supreme body of OPEC is the Conference, it includes representatives of the participating countries, meetings are held 2 times a year at the OPEC headquarters in Vienna (Austria).

Arab League (LAS)

Organization of the Arab States. The Arab League was founded in March 1945 at a conference in Cairo. Currently, it includes: Asian countries - Jordan, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, UAE, Palestine; African countries - Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros.

Goals of the LAS:

Coordination of political, military, economic activities of the participating countries;

Prohibition on the use of force in the settlement of interstate disputes;

Respect for the political regimes of the participating countries.

The governing body is the Council of the Arab League, it includes heads of state or government or persons authorized by them. Headquarters - Tunis.

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Intergovernmental Organization of African States. Created in 1963 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) at the conference of heads of state and government of African countries. It includes more than 50 African states.

Objectives of the OAU:

Strengthening unity;

Development of political and economic cooperation;

Protection of sovereignty, territorial integrity;

Coordination of actions in the field of foreign policy, economy, defense, culture.

The highest executive body is the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (sessions - 2 times a year). The permanent administrative body is the General Secretariat. The headquarters is in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia).

African Union (AU)

Intergovernmental Organization of African States. The African Union was established in July 2002 (Durban, South Africa) and is the successor to the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which has existed for 39 years (since 1963). The AU includes 52 member countries of the OAU.

Strengthening unity and solidarity among African countries and peoples;

Protection of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the participating countries;

Contribute to the rooting of political and socio-economic integration;

Protecting the common positions of African countries on issues of interest to the contingent and its peoples;

Promoting the expansion of international cooperation, taking into account the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;

Ensuring peace, security and stability on the continent;

Ensuring democratic principles and the functioning of democratic institutions, the participation of broad sections of the population in public life and the effective leadership of countries;

Ensuring and protecting human and peoples' rights in accordance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and other documents on this issue;

Creation of the necessary conditions for strengthening the role of Africa in the global economy and in international negotiations;

Ensuring progressive development in the economic, social and cultural fields, the integration of the economies of African countries;

Promoting cooperation in all fields to improve the living standards of the peoples of Africa;

Policy coordination between regional economic communities to gradually achieve the goals of the union;

Promoting the development of the continent, the development of research in various fields, especially in science and technology;

Cooperation with international partners in the elimination of various diseases and the improvement of the medical service system;

The AU has endorsed the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) socio-economic development program. The program provides for a plan for modernizing the continent, overcoming poverty, combating AIDS and other infectious diseases, raising the living standards of the population, and so on.

The Charter of the African Union is based on the Charter of the OAU and the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community. It is planned to create an African Central Bank, an African Monetary Fund, an African Court and an All-African Parliament.

The program of the course "International Relations in a Global World" ……....3

Literature………………………………………………………………………..…5

Topic 1. World politics and international relations.…..……………....6

Topic 2. The problem of East-West, North-South relations …………….24

Topic 3. Ethnopolitical processes in the modern world ...……………….37

Topic 4. Development of the process of globalization ..…………………………………...47

Theme 5. EU and Russia: opportunities for cooperation..………………………….58

Topic 6. Geopolitical interests of Russia in the development of the global energy market..………………………………………………………….70

Topic 7. The nature of international conflicts and ways to resolve them ...……… 79

Appendix. International political and economic organizations…………………………………………………………..…………….89