Detailed maps of the Mediterranean. Map of the seas of the Mediterranean Sea: islands, countries, seas, water. Mediterranean Sea: geographical map in Russian, map of currents, resorts

Mediterranean Sea surrounded on all sides by land. One glance at the map is enough to agree with such a judgment. This was also known ancient Greek scientists.

• Countries and islands
• Countries
• Islands
• Eastern Mediterranean

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Features of geographical location and climate

mediterranean sea named for a reason, from all sides it touches with continents.

Nowhere else in the world has one been found large indoor pool, which is connected to the ocean only by a tiny, for such a scale, jumper - Strait of Gibraltar.

Sea in your own way geographic location located between: Asia, Europe, Africa.

Total area - 2,500 square kilometers. The maximum depth is 5 121 meters.

It is connected by canals and straits with black, red and Seas of Marmara.

Concerning bottom topography, then he has all typical for the sea peculiarities:

Part Mediterranean Sea includes inland seas:

• Aegean;
• Alboran;
• Adriatic;

If you are going to relax on the Adriatic Sea, find out detailed information about his resorts from this article

• Balearic;
• Ionian;
• Ligurian;
• Tyrrhenian.

in winter the weather is very changeable, regularly storms happen, and pass heavy rainfall. The temperature drops significantly due to the influence northern winds.

Summer observed here dry fog and a small amount precipitation.

Tourists come en masse to these places closer to the middle of summer. By July the reservoir warms up +27 degrees.

Countries and islands

to the mediterranean includes vast territories of countries and islands. We give examples of some of them below.

Countries

• Turkey. There are resorts that are very fond of Russian tourists. Most of the attendants are talking in Russian which makes it easier to relax foreign country for our tourists. There are many excellent beaches, inexpensive hotels and one of the best in the world kitchens. The reservoir washes the following major Turkish cities - Mersin, Istanbul, Antalya and Izmir.
• Italy. It is located in the western Mediterranean. People come here to eat delicious pizza and spaghetti and also enjoy warm sun. resort towns considered Rome, Sicily and Milan.

Italy is a great place to relax not only in summer but also in winter. Read about the winter resorts of this country here

• Spain. Ibiza, Barcelona and Majorca- those are the ones settlements where travelers come who want to have fun and have a good time. Especially it concerns youth loving noisy parties.
• Croatia. Country attractive for tourists, first of all, rapidly gaining momentum yachting. To do this, the state allocates multi-million investment.
• Montenegro. Especially worth a look at the beach Ada Bojana. Here the purest sand, which can only be found throughout Adriatic. In addition, tourism is actively developing here among nudists.
• Albania. chic kitchen, beautiful landscapes- this is how local resorts are characterized.

In ancient times, it was believed that the Mediterranean Sea is located in the center of the world. Roman natives called him by inland sea , since all its shores were conquered by them.

• Morocco. Here intersect European and Islamic traditions and cultures. This fact attracts tourists. According to statistics, people also come here to see cultural attractions. Particularly popular Casablanca.
• Tunisia. ancient museums, mysterious artifacts, monuments architectures that are memorable markets- at local resorts which are not found miracles.

Islands

Also in the Mediterranean lots of big and small islands interesting for travelers. Among them stand out:

• Djerba. Located in the north Africa. Translated from ancient Arabic as "wheat town". The island is mentioned in the famous "Odyssey" Homer. pink flamingos, ancient synagogue, fireballs, local delicious rice- this is simply not to be missed if you find yourself on Djerba.
• Sardinia. Located next to Dagger and Sicily. Archaeologists constantly find various tombs and ziggurats. These are the main attractions of the island.
• Vulcano. Tourists come here to see the numerous volcanic craters.

Scientists have found that because of the catastrophic floods, which occurred 5.3 million years ago, just filling has occurred mediterranean sea. For two years such a large water basin was formed!

Eastern Mediterranean

Most often to Eastern Mediterranean include the coasts of Greece, Italy and Turkey, this opinion is wrong. If we approach this issue in terms of geography and look at the map, it turns out that the Eastern Mediterranean includes:

Decided to relax in Cyprus? Find out what others think of the island's hotels in this article.

Pros and cons of holidays in the Mediterranean

On the Mediterranean ideal holiday in september. At this time already the heat subsides while the water stays warm. An additional plus is that the reservoir contains a large amount useful salts and No dangerous poisonous plants and animals.

Can be viewed Attraction absolutely different countries the world and get to know them culture. After all, the Mediterranean Sea washes the shores of a good half continents of the world.

In the resorts of the Mediterranean is very developed resort medical infrastructure. Therefore, people suffering diseases of various origins can easily find a place for recreation and recreation.

There are no cons. Unless, of course, the scorching summer sun is not considered a disadvantage.

One of the largest seas. The adjective "Mediterranean" is widely used in describing peoples, countries, climate, vegetation; for many, the concept of "Mediterranean" is associated with a particular way of life or with a whole period in the history of mankind.

Divides Europe, Africa and Asia, but it also closely connected Southern Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. The length of this sea from west to east is approx. 3700 km, and from north to south (at its widest point) - approx. 1600 km. On the northern coast are Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Albania and Greece. From the east to the sea there are a number of Asian countries - Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel. Finally, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco are located on the south coast. The area of ​​the Mediterranean Sea is 2.5 million square meters. km, and, since only narrow straits connect it with other bodies of water, it can be considered an inland sea.

In the west, through the Strait of Gibraltar, 14 km wide and up to 400 m deep, it has access to the Atlantic Ocean. In the northeast, the Dardanelles, narrowing in places to 1.3 km, connects it with the Sea of ​​Marmara and through the Bosporus with the Black Sea. In the southeast, an artificial structure - the Suez Canal - connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red. These three narrow water passages have always had a very great importance for trade, navigation and strategic purposes. AT different time they were controlled - or sought to be controlled - by the British, the French, the Turks and the Russians. The Romans of Roman times referred to the Mediterranean as mare nostrum ("our sea").

Coastline mediterranean sea it is strongly indented, and numerous protrusions of the land divide it into many semi-isolated water areas that have their own names. These seas include: the Ligurian, located south of the Riviera and north of Corsica; the Tyrrhenian Sea, enclosed between peninsular Italy, Sicily and Sardinia; the Adriatic Sea, washing the shores of Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia and Albania; the Ionian Sea between Greece and southern Italy; the Cretan Sea between the island of Crete and peninsular Greece; Aegean Sea between Turkey and Greece. A number of large bays also stand out, for example, Alicante - at east coast Spain; Lyon - off the southern coast of France; Taranto - between the two southern ledges of the Apennine Peninsula; Antalya and Iskenderun - off the southern coast of Turkey; Sidra - in the central part of the coast of Libya; Gabes and Tunisian - off the southeastern and northeastern coasts of Tunisia, respectively.

Contemporary is a relic of the ancient Tethys ocean, which was much wider and stretched far to the east. The relics of the Tethys Ocean are also the Aral, Caspian, Black and Marmara Seas, confined to its most deep depressions. Probably, Tethys was once completely surrounded by land, and between North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, in the region of the Strait of Gibraltar, there was an isthmus. The same land bridge connected southeastern Europe with Asia Minor. It is possible that the Bosporus, Dardanelles and Gibraltar straits were formed on the site of flooded river valleys, and many island chains, especially in the Aegean Sea, were connected to the mainland.

In the Mediterranean Sea, the western and eastern depressions are distinguished. The border between them is drawn through the Calabrian ledge of the Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and the underwater bank Adventure (up to 400 m deep), stretched almost 150 km from Sicily to Cape Bon in Tunisia. Within both depressions, even smaller ones are isolated, usually bearing the names of the corresponding seas, for example, the Aegean, Adriatic, etc. The water in the western depression is slightly colder and fresher than in the eastern one: in the west average temperature surface layer approx. 12° C in February and 24° C in August, and in the east - 17° C and 27° C, respectively. One of the coldest and most stormy areas mediterranean sea is the Gulf of Lyon. The salinity of the sea varies widely, since less salty water comes from the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar.

tides here they are low, but quite significant in very narrow straits and bays, especially during the full moon. However, rather strong currents are observed in the straits, directed both into the Mediterranean Sea and out of it. Evaporation is higher than Atlantic Ocean or in the Black Sea, therefore, surface currents arise in the straits, carrying more fresh water to the Mediterranean. At a depth below these surface currents, countercurrents occur, but they do not compensate for the influx of water near the surface.

Bottom The Mediterranean Sea in many places is composed of yellow carbonate silt, below which lies blue silt. Near the mouths of large rivers, blue silts are overlain by deltaic deposits, which occupy a large area. Depths mediterranean sea very different: the highest mark - 5121 m - was recorded in the Hellenic deep-water trench at the southern tip of Greece. The average depth of the western basin is 1430 m, and its shallowest part, the Adriatic Sea, has an average depth of only 242 m.

Above the common bottom mediterranean sea in some places, significant sections of dissected relief rise, the peaks of which form islands. Many (though not all) of them have volcanic origin. Among the islands, we note, for example, Alboran, located east of the Strait of Gibraltar, and a group of Balearic Islands (Menorca, Mallorca, Ibiza and Formentera) east of the Iberian Peninsula; mountainous Corsica and Sardinia - to the west of the Apennine Peninsula, as well as a number of small islands in the same area - Elba, Pontine, Ischia and Capri; and north of Sicily, Stromboli and Lipari. Within the Eastern Mediterranean Basin is the island of Malta (south of Sicily), and further to the east - Crete and Cyprus. Small islands are numerous in the Ionian, Cretan and Aegean seas; among them stand out Ionian - to the west of mainland Greece, Cyclades - east of the Peloponnese and Rhodes - off the southwestern coast of Turkey.

Major rivers flow into the Mediterranean Sea: Ebro (in Spain); Rhone (in France); Arno, Tiber and Volturno (in Italy). The rivers Po and Tagliamento (in Italy) and Isonzo (on the border of Italy and Slovenia) flow into the Adriatic Sea. The rivers Vardar (in Greece and Macedonia), Struma or Strymon, and Mesta or Nestos (in Bulgaria and Greece) belong to the Aegean Sea basin. The largest river in the Mediterranean basin, the Nile, is the only major river flowing into this sea from the south.

The Mediterranean Sea is famous for its calmness and beauty, but, like other seas, it can be stormy in certain seasons, and then big waves crashing on the coast. The Mediterranean has long attracted people favorable climate. The term "Mediterranean" itself is used to refer to a climate with long hot, clear and dry summers and short cool and wet winters. Many coastal areas mediterranean sea, especially the southern and eastern ones, are characterized by semiarid and arid features of the climate. In particular, semiaridity with an abundance of clear sunny days considered typical of the Mediterranean climate. However, there are many cold days in winter when damp cold winds bring rain, drizzle and sometimes snow.

The Mediterranean is also famous for the attractiveness of its landscapes. Particularly picturesque are the French and Italian Riviera, the environs of Naples, the Adriatic coast of Croatia with numerous islands, the shores of Greece and Lebanon, where the steep slopes of the mountains approach the sea itself. Important trade routes and culture spread - from the Middle East, Egypt and Crete to Greece, Rome, Spain and France; another route ran along the southern coast of the sea - from Egypt to Morocco.

Vegetation and animal world mediterranean sea is characterized by a relatively weak quantitative development of phyto- and zooplankton, which entails a correlation. the paucity of larger animals that feed on them, including fish. The amount of phytoplankton in the surface horizons is only 8-10 mg/m?, at a depth of 1000-2000 m it is 10-20 times less. Algae are very diverse (peridine and diatoms predominate).

Fauna mediterranean sea characterized by a large species diversity, however, the number of representatives species are small. There are kaki, one species of seals (white-bellied seal); sea ​​turtle. 550 species of fish (sharks, mackerels, herrings, anchovies, mullets, dolphins, tunas, bonitos, horse mackerels, etc.). About 70 species of endemic fish, including stingrays, anchovy species, gobies, sea. blenny, wrasse and needlefish. From edible shellfish highest value have oyster, Mediterranean-Black Sea mussel, sea date. Of the invertebrates, octopuses, squids, sepia, crabs, spiny lobsters are common; numerous species of jellyfish, siphonophore; sponges and red coral live in some areas, especially in the Aegean.

Coastal countries of the Mediterranean Sea:

• Spain
• France
• Monaco
• Italy
• Malta
• Montenegro
• Croatia
• Slovenia
• Bosnia
• Albania
• Greece
• Bulgaria
• Romania
• Ukraine
• Russia
• Georgia
• Turkey
• Syria
• Lebanon
• Israel
• Egypt
• Libya
• Tunisia
• Algeria
• Morocco

The largest islands in the Mediterranean:

• Balearic
• Corsica
• Sardinia
• Sicily

Best Resorts, best places recreation

In our latitudes, the beach holiday season in September is coming to an end. However, the map of the Mediterranean Sea is full of a wide variety of places for sunbathing until late autumn.

Let's talk about what the Mediterranean Sea and its map have prepared for us to relax?

Firstly, these are gentle sea waves. Here you can relax in a variety of ways: lie on the beach, run on interesting excursions, find out about local and world-famous attractions, buy all kinds of gifts, learn more than a dozen foreign languages, try a lot of all sorts of delicacies of Mediterranean and Oriental cuisine.

Mediterranean Sea: holiday map

Benefits of a holiday in the Mediterranean :

Where are the best quiet beaches in the Mediterranean

You know, the Mediterranean Sea and its best beaches are not always noisy. The northeast coast (Albania and Croatia) will give you many quiet and cozy corners for a beach holiday.

The diversity of these places will please you: the most beautiful coasts, sandy and pebble beaches on the Mediterranean coast are carefully surrounded by rocks that do not allow sea winds to rage and frighten the resting people; respectful attitude of the local population, special courtesy, excellent Mediterranean, Slavic and Turkish cuisine (with a large selection and a large amount of delicious dishes).

About the ancient island of Malta - a separate conversation. Here you will find not only excellent beaches, but also the opportunity to learn English and ride ultra-modern agricultural machinery on the well-groomed fields of the island.

Mediterranean Sea: a fun and noisy holiday

Suitable for this pastime:

You can go to these countries for two or three days, and for an eternity ...

Advantages of a beach holiday in cheerful and noisy Mediterranean countries:

• hotels with the most diverse level of service and prices
• great huge beaches
• there is something to see (established excursion programs)

Flaws:

• some intrusiveness of the local population.

Mediterranean Sea: map of exotic holidays

If we are talking about exotic vacation, then let's navigate the map of the Mediterranean Sea closer to North Africa. It is here that you will find exotic and colorful, complemented by high level European service of local hotels.

Vacationers immediately feel in these unusual places intricacies of cultures, customs and traditions of the mysterious East and the advanced West.

In the program of travel and recreation, you should definitely include:

• vacation on the beach
• shopping for exotic souvenirs
• try everything you can from oriental sweets

What countries on the map of the Mediterranean Sea (in its southeastern part) deserve your attention?

Of course, this is Tunisia and Morocco. Among all Arab countries, which were previously included in Arab Caliphate, and now they are members of the Maghreb Union (united by Islam), Morocco and Tunisia have excellent infrastructure for a beach holiday: cozy hotels, a well-equipped coastline, in general, an exotic and comfortable vacation in the East ...

Mediterranean Sea and original beach holiday

If you are fundamentally different from the average vacationer and want to sunbathe only on to you famous beaches, open the map of the Mediterranean Sea and take a look at the coast of Algeria.

At first glance, this is not a beach at all, and even more so, not a tourist country. But we are not looking for easy ways?!

Originals - travelers will be rewarded for their courage with fantastic paintings natural landscapes and human architecture.

And in addition to the private beach - the Sahara Desert - a huge living organism that occupies more than 80% of the territory of Algeria.

Holidays on the Mediterranean Sea in Israel: still - the best beaches

Further we will talk about the Mediterranean Sea and its map of the coast of Israel. Probably, having got here, you will immediately notice a lot of the most controversial phenomena: modern chic and conservatism of orthodox Israel. This country will gladly offer you the best beaches in the Mediterranean and the best nightlife on its coast. And sightseeing tours and attractions are beyond praise: what are the biblical holy places alone ...

Add the exceptional convenience of communication: Russian speakers - the population and service personnel!

And finally, you can diversify your beach and family holidays in Israel by visiting another sea - the Dead Sea, whose waters have miraculous powers for healing, and go diving in warm sea ​​depths sea ​​of ​​the Red.

Oh yes, we forgot about one Israeli sunny zest ... From which they make a divine drink - wine! Be sure to take...

Countries and resorts of the Mediterranean Sea: maps, photos and videos. Holidays in the Mediterranean, hotels, beaches, water temperature off the coast of resorts.

• Tours for May around the world
• Hot tours around the world

The cradle of civilizations, the apple of discord and the oldest trade routes - all this is the "sea in the middle of the earth", whose waves wash the shores of 22 states, most of which has been able to benefit directly from this remarkable neighborhood as a tourist destination. It is on the numerous coasts of the Mediterranean Sea that the most famous world resorts are located, which are annually visited by millions of vacationers from all over the world. The countries of two continents - Africa and Eurasia, as well as numerous islands and archipelagos provide all the conditions for a full-fledged beach holiday: albeit not always warm, but enough clear waters, sandy or pebbly coastline with a remarkably wide coastline, lush, fertile nature and a wealth of historic ruins in the surrounding area. What is especially pleasant - rest in the Mediterranean bushes can be classified as a budget one: a little more expensive than domestic "souths" and at the same time a whole range of entertainment and so far, alas, a service level that is mostly unattainable at home.

Mediterranean countries

Let's not cheat by saying that the Mediterranean is one of those successful tourism destinations in all respects that can offer almost everything to a demanding tourist, immediately and at affordable prices. What is there on the hospitable shores of the "Middle Sea": and vegetable rest in flip-flops and a bathing suit, and interesting excursions to the sights of almost any famous historical science period, and authentic items of souvenir interest, and rich opportunities for learning foreign languages ​​“with immersion”, and terribly tasty, and most importantly, healthy Mediterranean cuisine, on whose dishes more than one generation of centenarians has been brought up.

Another one salient feature Mediterranean, a balm for the heart of an attentive tourist, an exceptional diversity of nationalities, languages, cultures.

Everyone will find something to their liking: praying at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem or burning through what they have acquired by “overwork” at golden parties in Monaco, inhaling the smell of eternity in the Giza Valley or listening to the chirping of cicadas on emerald Corfu, following the footsteps of the Grand Duchesses on the streets of Istanbul or looking at drowning in the red midday haze Fez.

From others nice bonuses destinations - a short flight (you can fly to most resorts in no more than 4 hours), a combined visa regime (we are talking about Schengen), which allows you to wave to your neighbors along the coastline without hassle, in some cases - and the absence of visa formalities at all - like in Tunisia or Turkey. Among other things, the Mediterranean - the most financially accessible of the resort overseas seas - you can find a vacation here, starting from 200 EUR “from the nose”. Finally, the climate here is closest to the "universal" - bathing season from May to October, the absence of exhausting heat in summer and mild, moderately sunny winters. Of the minuses, perhaps the extraordinary popularity of the Mediterranean beaches, which, in terms of the number of bodies per square meter of area, easily outdo the Klondike of the times of the "gold rush". However, for fans of secluded relaxation, the Mediterranean Sea has in store a few secret corners, such as small Greek islands, where nothing prevents everyday life from being forgotten.

Part Mediterranean countries includes European, Asian and African states. Tourists are attracted by picturesque nature, clean sea ​​waters, a large number of monuments of architecture and history.

On the coast you can find pebbly and sandy beaches. On the wide and long coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, there are many places for budget holiday and resorts that amaze with their luxury.

Mediterranean Sea on a world map with countries around it

1. Bizerte;
2. Kelibia;
3. Monastir;
4. Sfax.

AT recent times Tunisia is serious competition Turkey and Egypt. The gap in the level of service with European and Asian resorts is constantly shrinking. Tourists come to Tunisia not only for beach holiday but also for treatment. In most hotels in Tunisia you can find centers traditional medicine. They are no less popular than the Mediterranean coast.

Destinations by interests

Most quiet beaches The Mediterranean Sea must be sought on its northeastern coast - in Croatia. In these places, beach tourism is under development, so the rest is available for a large number tourists.

Sandy and pebbly beaches are surrounded by picturesque mountains covered with dense vegetation.

• The beautiful beaches of Malta are worth a visit not only for those who love a comfortable stay on the ennobled beaches, but also for those who want to get practice of English language . He is one of official languages island state.
• Per noise and fun, as well as for comfortable rest at an affordable price, it is worth going to Greece, Egypt and Turkey.
• exotic vacation can be found on the coast North Africa. The best resorts in the southeast of the Mediterranean are in Tunisia and Morocco. In these regions you will feel not only exotic, but also comfortable.
• Resting people talking in Russian, will surround you on the beaches of Israel. The excellent service provided by local hotels will not overshadow the cost of a holiday in the Promised Land. The Mediterranean beaches here compete with the Red and Marmara Seas.