How to determine the temperature on the gas. Old stoves: how to determine the temperature in the oven without a thermometer. Listen to your breath

24.06.2019

An increase in body temperature is one of the symptoms of infection child's body. So the immune system reacts to the penetration of bacteria and viruses. A defensive reaction is turned on and pediatricians do not advise interfering in this process. In cases where the indicators become higher than 38 degrees, the body needs help. You can determine the temperature of a child without a thermometer, but the thermometer is still more reliable. If the necessary device is not at hand, time-tested methods will help out. They give approximate results, but sometimes this is enough to determine the fever and help.

How to understand that the child has a temperature

In newborns, the indicator of "normal" body temperature varies. This is due to the peculiarities of the process of thermoregulation. Every mother should know the allowable values in order to take action and avoid a critical condition. The value of 36.6 is set by the age of 5–7, before this age, the indicator of 37 and 37.5 degrees is considered the norm.

Feeling unwell can be found in appearance and behavior of the baby. His condition is changing dramatically, attentive parents will not notice this. Let's single out the signs by which they judge the baby's poor health:

Blush, redness and spots on the cheeks;
tearing;
Cold hands and feet;
Atypical lethargy, capriciousness;
Drowsiness;
Loss of appetite;
Hot neck and tummy;
Bright yellow urine;
Seizures.

Depending on age, the symptoms manifest themselves in different ways. The presence of one or more signs should alert, especially if the child is not even a year old. But do not rush with antipyretics. These symptoms may be caused by various diseases. It is better to spend a little time and measure the temperature. Moreover, this can be done even in the absence of a thermometer.

Ways to check the temperature in babies without a thermometer

When the temperature rises above 38 degrees, the child begins to have a fever. You can detect hot spots without a thermometer. Touch your forehead with your lips or palm. Sensitive areas of a person include the neck, armpits, groin, antecubital fossae. With temperature fluctuations, they are hot. The traditional way helps, but with its help you can only detect problems in terms of the thermal state of the body. It is almost impossible to measure them accurately and determine the difference between 37 and 40 degrees.

More effective method find out the temperature - check the frequency of his pulse. An increase in temperature values is often accompanied by a malfunction of the heart muscle. The pulse quickens, but in different ways, depending on age features children. As you get older, your heart rate changes. For exact definition it is important to know the rules:

Newborns - 140 beats per minute;
1 month - 1 year - 125-30;
1–3 years - 115–125;
3–7 years - 90–110;
7–10 years - 75–80.

When probing the pulse, use a stopwatch. If the jerk indicators exceed the age norm by 15–20 strokes, the child has a temperature.

Young children are very mobile, so it is not necessary to set a timer for a minute. Feel for the artery with your fingers and count the shocks in 10 seconds. When multiplying the resulting figure by six, you get an indicator of the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle in 60 seconds. The most sensitive pulsation in the temples, neck, wrists and back side feet.

Learn about elevated temperature you can breathe. one year old baby takes 25-30 breaths per minute. If you counted more, the baby will have a temperature. Respiratory system babies at 1-2 months is different. The respiratory rate of newborns is the highest among age groups. To receive the required rate of oxygen, the body is forced to take 35-50 breaths per minute.

Conclusions:

Fever is a sign of infection, so fever in young children is a dangerous condition. The body reacts and resists, but it is not yet strong enough to defeat pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Adults should constantly monitor the temperature and condition of the child. Thermometer measurements are the most accurate and reliable, but if the device you need is not available, use all available methods. Even approximate indicators will help alleviate the condition with antipyretics and consult a doctor in a timely manner.

When the body turns on a protective reaction to any infection, the temperature rises. They say that the immune system works well if the illness is accompanied by fever. However, the higher its performance, the more difficult it is for the body to cope with the disease without drugs. As a result, it gets worse general state, fever rises, the body loses fluid, consciousness becomes clouded. Of course, the immune system itself is fighting if the temperature on the thermometer is between 37 and 38 degrees. But its higher rates require the use of antipyretics. But what if you don’t have a thermometer at hand, and you can’t control the complexity of the situation? Then you need to know how you can measure the temperature of a child or yourself without a thermometer.

Methods for determining body temperature

There are several ways to determine body temperature without a thermometer, given the symptoms of a sick baby.

By these signs, you can always find out the temperature without using a thermometer. It is not possible to determine its exact value in this way, but to understand that the baby needs to be given an antipyretic or called ambulance, is quite real.

Dry heat danger

In addition to how to determine without a thermometer whether the baby has a temperature, it is worth learning about what indicates extremely high rates. A temperature of 40.5-41 degrees can be seen by symptoms such as inflammation of the mucous eyes and lack of sweating. If you gave the baby an antipyretic, but he continues to “burn” and does not sweat, then you need to urgently call an ambulance. At such moments, the clock counts. Urgently wipe the baby with water at room temperature, insert a candle and wait for the ambulance to arrive.

You can measure your baby's temperature in many ways, but it's simply not possible to do it accurately. Therefore, try to always keep a spare thermometer in the house, and at the first symptoms of the disease, it is better to stay at home.

Owners of old gas stoves often do not seek to change proven equipment for a new one, even if it is more technologically advanced and economical - the advantage of old products is the usual ease of handling. However, the question arises of how to determine the temperature in old ovens, because in modern recipes usually the desired heating range is indicated in degrees Celsius, and old gas stoves have gradation in divisions or are not equipped with devices for measuring heating at all.

How to determine the temperature in the oven without a thermometer: we bake correctly.

Comparison of measurement scales

Traditionally in gas stoves manufactured in the USSR, as well as neighboring countries (Czechoslovakia, Poland), the internal thermometer was graduated with a division into eight segments. Accordingly, the scale elements were designated from 1 to 8, and the question arises of how to determine the temperature in the oven by numbers. Since the maximum temperature in household ovens does not rise above 360 degrees Celsius (on average), you can try to calculate the correspondence of the temperature to the graduation yourself.

It should only be noted that even with minimal heating (level 1), the temperature usually reaches 150 degrees.
Accordingly, the normal temperature for baking - 200-220 degrees - corresponds to marks 4-5, and acceptable for making biscuits - mark 3.
The minimum possible heating, suitable for drying meringues or cooking dried fruits, berries, is about 70-90 degrees Celsius and is achieved in conventional stoves only by controlling the gap between the door and the main part of the oven.

More accurate information can be obtained from the product passport, if it has been preserved. However, prolonged use may make adjustments to the actual level of heating. So it is desirable to test it experimentally.

How to determine the temperature without a thermometer?

In old books on home economics, a variant of an approximate definition of heating in a gas, electric or wood (coal) stove without a thermometer is offered. To do this, in the place where the baking sheet (pan, form, stewpan) with the baked product is usually located, a piece of ordinary writing paper is placed. This is done at the moment when the oven has already warmed up, that is, more than 10 minutes have passed since it was turned on. Next, they monitor the charring time of the sheet, noting the temperature in degrees Celsius.

Body temperature rises in response to infection. This is a kind of protective reaction, the functioning of immunity. Doctors do not advise shooting down if the thermometer is less than 38 degrees. You have to give your body a chance to fight on its own. But the heat is dangerous: the body is dehydrated, the state of health worsens. You can't do without drugs.

It happens that loved ones feel bad, but there is not even a thermometer at hand. Something must be done, some medicine must be given. And how to determine which? Maybe it's not the temperature? A situation that brings us closer to panic, and loved ones to fainting. Knowing how to determine the temperature without a thermometer will be most welcome.

the person feels weak;
he is shivering;
the face and neck turn red or red spots appear on the skin.

Sometimes there is an ache in the bones and the eyes become inflamed. Sometimes sweating increases.

All these signs cannot be absolute for determining high temperature body. With small children it is even more difficult. Some of them rush around the house with heat, as if they were healthy. And if an adult wants to drink often, then kids have to be forced.

External indicators of heat for each person are individual. Therefore, relying on the results of observation is not worth it.

How to measure temperature without a thermometer?

There is a measuring device in every home first aid kit. Anyone knows how long to keep a thermometer, how to use it, read the readings (if the thermometer is not electronic). Why check the condition without a thermometer?

Situations are different. It can become bad in any place where there is no home first-aid kit and there is no saving thermometer. And there may not be a thermometer at home. Crashed. Haven't bought a new one yet.

We will measure in other ways:

When loved one starts to have a fever, convulsions appear, delirium, urgently call an ambulance medical care. There are no measurements here. Most likely, a loved one is tormented by a strong fever.

Modern models of electric and gas ovens are equipped with thermometers, which can be used to determine the temperature in the oven. But some housewives are unwilling to change their proven oven, despite their age. And why, if technical specifications she is completely satisfied. However, sometimes the question arises of how to determine the temperature of the oven if its specific indicators are indicated in the recipe. Well, if the old gas oven has at least an approximate gradation in divisions. Otherwise, you will have to adapt and adjust to the numbers on such a thermometer.

All models of gas and electric ovens have a maximum and minimum temperature oven heating. If the equipment was inherited from parents or bought a long time ago, the instructions most likely have not been preserved.

Comparisons of the measurement scale on various furnaces

Gas furnaces produced in the USSR or in neighboring countries had a graduation divided into four, eight and even fifteen segments. Thus, the housewives had the opportunity to calculate only the approximate temperature of the oven or focus on these ratios from the instructions. Considering that maximum performance do not exceed 360 degrees Celsius, you can determine the temperature in the oven by numbers and independently. For this you need maximum temperature divided by the number of segments. But it is possible if you know exactly how hot your stove will be able to produce.

What you should pay attention to:

at level 1 on the thermometer, the minimum temperature is not lower than 150 degrees;
for drying berries and fruits, a temperature of about 70 degrees is needed. Accordingly, half of level 1 will be suitable for these purposes;
mark 4-5 is suitable for baking, 3 - for making biscuits;
the maximum temperature is needed for baking second courses, meat. It must be reduced by the end of cooking by turning the oven knobs to 2.

Even if you have the instructions for the stove at hand, for example, Hephaestus, time can change the temperature ratio on the scale on the technique. It is advisable to periodically check the actual level of heating experimentally.

In a gas stove, the level of gas is visible, and some housewives have learned to determine the strength of fire by eye.

Buy a removable thermometer

It would seem that it is easier? Many hardware stores sell oven thermometers. However, if possible, check the temperature relationship in another oven.

Temperature determination with lump sugar

Rafinade is an inexpensive tool that many housewives often have on hand. With it, you can easily check the temperature in the oven without a thermometer. It will not be possible to determine exactly to a degree, but you can find out approximate indicators.

Place a white sheet of paper on the oven rack, with a few pieces of pressed sugar on top. Turn on the fire and gradually raise the temperature. The melting point of sugar is 180 degrees. As soon as the refined sugar starts to "flow", this will correspond to this figure. Why is sugar used? This is due to the fact that confectioners recommend baking most confectionery at a temperature of 180 degrees. With such indicators, the product will be baked inside and will not burn from below.

Determination of temperature with flour

Sprinkle a tablespoon of flour on a baking sheet. Watch it change for 30 seconds. The gradual yellowing of the flour indicates that the oven is at a low temperature of about 200 degrees. A sharp yellowing, and after a gradual darkening of the flour - a medium-level fire, a temperature of about 250 degrees. If the flour turned black immediately, the temperature is too high, more than 280 degrees. Do not put too much flour on the baking sheet, the readings may be inaccurate.

Determination of temperature using a white sheet of paper

Using a sheet of paper, you can also find out the approximate ratio of the scale on the stove and the actual temperature in the oven.

On the oven grate, for example Hephaestus, put paper and turn the temperature control knob. Pay close attention to the changes that occur with the paper. After 10 minutes, it should turn yellow. This indicates that the heat in the oven is low and approximately corresponds to below 125 degrees Celsius. This information will come in handy if you want to bake a cake. In this case, it will surely remain raw inside.

The light brown shade of the sheet indicates that the temperature of the oven is a maximum of 180 degrees. In this case, note the position of the throttle lever. So you can cook pastries and simple vegetable dishes, as well as fish. The fire is also small, the heat is medium.

If, after a maximum of 3 minutes, a piece of paper becomes Brown color, the temperature in the oven is equivalent to 225 degrees or more. In this case, the dish will cook faster and will have a golden crust.

If the paper darkens immediately, the oven is over 275 degrees and your dish is more likely to burn, but not have time to bake inside.

Such alternative methods will really help to determine the oven temperature of your stove. And yet, such approximate parameters do not guarantee that the prepared dishes will meet the expected result. It is still worth thinking about a new gas or electric stove, and transporting the old assistant to the country.