Motorized rifle battalion of the Russian army consists of the battalion command, headquarters, combat units and support units. Compound motorized rifle battalion little has changed since the Soviet era, and all the changes are not of a fundamental nature. The main changes affected larger structures: instead of regiments and divisions, brigades appeared, which are now combined into corps.
to combat units motorized rifle battalion relate
. three motorized rifle companies;
. mortar battery;
. anti-tank platoon;
. grenade launcher platoon;
. anti-aircraft missile platoon.
In addition, in motorized rifle battalion there are service and support units:
. communications platoon;
. support platoon;
. battalion medical station

Battalion Command includes the battalion commander - as a rule, this is a major or lieutenant colonel, his deputy for work with personnel and deputy for armaments.
battalion headquarters includes the chief of staff (he is also the deputy battalion commander), the battalion communications chief (he is also the commander of the communications platoon), the instructor chemist (ensign) and the clerk (private).
The communications platoon is designed to organize radio and wire communications in the battalion units.
communications platoon consists of a commander's armored personnel carrier (squad commander - he is also a senior radiotelephone operator, driver of an armored personnel carrier) and two radio departments, each consisting of a squad leader, a senior radioman of a low-power radio station in the first compartment and a senior radiotelephone operator in the second compartment, an armored personnel carrier-electromechanic driver in the first compartment and a driver armored personnel carrier in the second compartment.

at KP SME

R-168-5UN-1E

Main characteristics:

Frequency range, MHz
Frequency grid step, kHz
Receiver sensitivity, not worse, µV
Output power small/large, not less than, W
Communication range, km:
Time of continuous operation at a ratio of prd:prm:dej.prm 1:1:8 from a battery 10NMGGTs-7.5S (10NKGTs-6-2), hour 17(16)
Transceiver dimensions, mm
Weight, kg:
working kit
Transceiver (without battery)

In total, there are 13 people in the communication platoon of personnel, 1 commander's armored personnel carriers, 2 wheeled armored personnel carriers, 22 radio stations, 8 km of cable.

R-173M

R-173M on armored vehicles

SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency range Transmit 30-75.999 MHz Receive 30-75.999 MHz
Memory organization 10 preset frequencies Frequency spacing 1 kHz
Transition time from one frequency to another 3 sec. Radiation type FM
Operating temperature range -50 ~ +50 °С Alarm systems tone call
Type of power supply network 27 V network 12 V or 220 V (optionally supplied power supplies)
Communication range on medium rough terrain in the parking lot and on the move to the main
2-meter whip antenna - up to 20 km MTBF 6000 hours
Transmitter Type PLL synthesizer (193IE3, 564IE15) Output power 2 / 40 W
Maximum frequency deviation ±5 (±1) kHz
Receiver Double Conversion Superheterodyne Type

Intermediate frequencies 1st 11.5 MHz 2nd 1.5 MHz

A motorized rifle company is a tactical unit that performs tasks, as a rule, as part of the SME, but can also perform tasks independently in reconnaissance and security, as a tactical airborne assault force or a special detachment behind enemy lines.

BTR-90 "Berezhok"

BTR-90 "Rostok"

Motorized rifle company on the armored personnel carrier consists of a company headquarters, three motorized rifle platoons, each of which has three motorized rifle squads. earlier, an anti-tank and machine-gun platoon was present in the company, but now its anti-tank unit was transferred to the battalion level, and machine guns were distributed among platoons.

Motorized rifle company on the armored personnel carrier has 101 people. personnel. The company has 11 BTR-80 9 RPG-7, 63 kalashnikov assault rifle, PC - 6, RPK - 9.

RPG-7V

AK-74M

The composition of the motorized rifle squad

Motorized rifle company on the BMP consists of a company management (11 people), three motorized rifle platoons of 30 people each and three BMP-2 in everyone. In total, there are 92 people in the company, 12 BMP-2 (instead of 11 in Soviet time), 6 RPGs, 18 RPKs, 13 AGS-17 and 4 SVD . Compared to the Soviet period, the company's staff strength is armored personnel carrier decreased by nine, and companies by BMP - increased by two people. By states in 2011, the number BMP it was planned to bring it up to 15 units in the company, but now all this is a big question.

BMP-2

BMP-3M

The layout of the BMP-3:

1 - 100-mm gun - 2A70 launcher (ammunition - 40 unitary shots, including 22 in the loading mechanism - high-explosive fragmentation ZUOF17, ZUB110-3 with anti-tank missile 9M117, sub-caliber shells ZBM-25, rate of fire 10 rounds per minute), 2 - driver's central shield, 3 - fire safety system control panel, 4 - driver's hatch opening mechanism, 5 - personal kit stowage, 6 - rangefinder transceiver, 7 - turret rotation mechanism, 8 - mechanism for lifting the block with weapons, 9 - machine gun power supply, 10 - sight - 1K13-2 guidance device, 11 - illuminator, 12 - PPB-1 sight, 13 - TNPT-1 day guidance device, 14 - radio station R-173, 15 - laying anti-tank missiles, 16 - tower, 17 - airborne compartment heater, 18 - fire extinguishers, 19 - jet propulsion, 20 - engine bulkhead, 21 - seat with tank sanitary kit, 22 - track roller, 23 - clearance change mechanism, 24 - fighting compartment fencing, 25 - place of the operator-gunner, 26 - conveyor of the loading mechanism, 27 - cylinder compressed air for starting a diesel engine, 28 - a driver's seat, 29 - a steering wheel, 30 - a brake pedal, 31 - a fuel tank, 32 - a self-digger, 33 - a track tensioning mechanism, 34 - a wave reflector.

Infantry fighting vehicle BMP-3

Combat weight
Cannon length
body length
Width over rollers
Overall Width
highest height
	7+2 (additional) people
Maximum highway speed	70 km/h (20 km/h - back)
Maximum speed afloat
Highway range
rate of fire	300 rds/min
firing range
Ammunition for 100mm cannon	40 ATGM rounds
Engine	UTD-29 diesel
Engine power

mortar battery designed to suppress and destroy manpower and firepower located openly, in trenches and dugouts, on the reverse slopes of heights and ravines. Depending on the nature of the target, the duration of firing and the consumption of shells can suppress manpower on a plot of 2-4 hectares and conduct barrage fire at the front up to 400 m.
A mortar battery consists of a battery control (battery commander, deputy for political affairs, foreman, medical officer, senior driver), control platoon (platoon commander, reconnaissance department, communications department), two firing platoons (each with four 120 mm mortar a ). In total, in the mortar battery: personnel - 66 people, radio stations - 4, mortars - 8, tractors - 8, cables - 4 km. True, in recent times instead of two platoons 120 mm mortars mortar batteries consist of three platoons, the first two of which are armed with three 82 mm mortars 2B14 "Tray", and the third three 82-mm automatic mortar 2B9 Vasilek .

2B14 "Tray"

2B9M "Vasilyok"

Mortar data 2B9 Caliber, mm 082
Angle of vertical guidance, hail -1°; +85° Angle of horizontal guidance, degrees +30°
Weight in combat position, kg: 2B9 - 622 2B9M - 632
Transport vehicle weight, kg 3930
Weight of the system in the stowed position (with ammunition and crew), kg 6060
Transfer time from combat position in the march and back, min 1.5
Portable ammunition, min 226
Transportation speed by transport vehicle, km/h: on the highway up to 60 off-road up to 20
Calculation, pers. four
Rate of fire, rds/min 170 Practical rate of fire, rds/min 100-120

Sometimes a self-propelled mortar battery is included in the battalion Nona . It consists of two platoons of four installations. Nona S .

Nona-S (2C9)

2S9:
Combat weight - 8 tons. Crew - 4 people
Average specific ground pressure - 0.5 kgf/cm²
Overall dimensions: ~ height - 2300 mm ~ body length - 6020 mm
~ hull width - 2630 mm ~ ground clearance - 100-450 mm
Armament: - 120-mm gun 2A51, ammunition - 25 rounds.
Engine: ~ brand - 5D20. ~ type - diesel. ~ engine power - 240 hp
Maximum speed: ~ on the highway - 60 km / h ~ on the ground - 30-35 km / h
~ afloat - 10 km / h Power reserve on the highway - 500 km, afloat - 75-90 km / h
Obstacles to overcome: ~ ditch width - 2.5 m ~ wall height - 0.7 m
~ overcome rise - 32 gr. ~ roll - 18 gr. ~ fordable - swims
radio station - R-123M

As part of the Serdyukov-Taburetkin reform, it was planned to replace all mortars with six 2S34 Khosta self-propelled howitzers, a modernized version of the well-known 2C1 Carnation but now the question is up in the air.
Anti-tank platoon- an artillery fire unit designed to destroy tanks and other armored vehicles enemy. It can also be used to destroy other enemy fire weapons, including those located in fortifications.
An anti-tank platoon consists of a platoon command (platoon commander, deputy platoon commander, 2 machine gunners armored personnel carrier , senior driver armored personnel carrier , driver armored personnel carrier ), three ATGM squads and three grenade launcher squads.
The ATGM squad consists of a squad leader (he is also a senior operator), a senior operator, two operators, a machine gunner, a senior driver and a launch complex driver 9M113 Competition or 9M113M Competition M.

"Competition-M"

Tactical and technical characteristics

Firing range, m
Overall dimensions, mm
Container length
Rocket length
Rocket caliber
Wingspan
Weight, kg
Rockets 9M113M
Missiles in TPK
Warhead
	tandem-cumulative
Armor penetration, mm
Armor penetration at an angle of 60 ° С to the normal, mm
Overcoming dynamic protection	ensured
Temperature range of application, °C
Technical rate of fire, rds / min
Launcher 9P135M1
Pointing angles
On the horizon
Vertically
ATGM coordinates determination range, m
Enlargement of the sighting device 9Sh119M1
DF channel 1 field of view:
DF channel 2 field of view:
With constant vignetting aperture	30 arc minutes
With an introductory replaceable diaphragm	10 minutes of arc
Periscope, mm
Mass of PU in a pack, kg
Technical resource:	· 1000 working inclusions, including at least 100 inclusions without adjustment and adjustment; · 350 inclusions for maintenance during the warranty period; 1500 actuations of the trigger mechanism; · 1500 joints with ATGMs.
Warranty period of operation	10 years, of which 3 years of storage in the field
Warranty mileage, km

The grenade launcher compartment consists of a squad leader, a grenade launcher commander, a grenade launcher gunner, and two gun numbers. SPG-9M -1 grenade launchers.

SPG-9M “Spear”

Caliber 73 mm Wheeled machine SPG-9D Weight of grenade launcher with sight 47.6 kg

Weight of the tripod machine 12 kg Weight of the wheel machine 15.9 kg

Mass of a fragmentation projectile 3.7 kg Weight of an armor-piercing projectile 2.6 kg

Grenade launcher length 2100 mm Barrel length 850 mm

Night sight PGN-9 Shot length 770 mm Projectile length 1115 mm

Width in combat position 990 - 1055 mm Height in combat position 800-820 mm

Angle of fire in the plane, degrees:

Vertical (without moving the tripod bed) from -3 to +7 (from -3 to +18)

Horizontal 30

Effective range of armor-piercing projectile 1300 m

Maximum range fragmentation projectile 4500 m

Deployment time from traveling to combat (and vice versa) 35 seconds

Practical rate of fire 5-6 highs / min Armor penetration of a PG-9V shot 300 mm

Armor penetration shot PG-9VS 400 mm

Initial grenade speed 435 m/s Grenade flight speed up to 700 m/s

Calculation 4 people

In total, there are 42 people in the anti-tank platoon of personnel, 9K11-6 ATGM launchers, SPG-9M grenade launchers - 3, armored personnel carrier - 5.

There is an anti-tank platoon only in the battalion, whose motorized rifle companies are equipped with armored personnel carrier ami. In the mouth on BMP each combat vehicle is equipped with its own Contests .

Instead of an anti-tank platoon in the company on BMP a machine-gun platoon was included, consisting of two machine-gun squads of three company machine guns each.
grenade launcher platoon It is designed to destroy manpower and firepower of the enemy located outside shelters, in open trenches (trenches) and behind terrain folds.
A grenade launcher platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander, those squads (in each squad leader, 2 senior grenade launcher gunners, 2 grenade launcher gunners, machine gunner armored personnel carrier , senior driver or driver).
In total, in a grenade launcher platoon of personnel - 26 people, 30-mm automatic grenade launchers AGS-17 - 6, armored personnel carrier - 3.

Anti-aircraft missile platoon designed to destroy aircraft, helicopters, unmanned vehicles and airborne assault forces of the enemy at low and medium altitudes.
The platoon consists of a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander (also known as a squad leader), three squads (each squad leader, 2 anti-aircraft gunners, machine gunner armored personnel carrier , senior driver armored personnel carrier and driver).
In total, in a platoon of personnel - 16 people, launchers "Strela-2M" or "Igla" - 9, armored personnel carrier -3.

Tactical and technical characteristics
Range affected area, m
Height affected zone, m
Speed ​​of hit targets towards, m/s
The speed of hit targets in pursuit, m / s
Mass of military equipment in combat position, kg
Rocket caliber, mm
Rocket length, mm
Rocket mass, kg
Warhead mass, kg
Transfer time of MANPADS from traveling to combat position, s

Tactical and technical characteristics	Set of equipment "Sagittarius"
The number of launch modules / missiles on the carrier
Reaction time (minimum time from the moment the rocket is turned on to launch), sec
Maximum time allotted for aiming, sec.
Number of rocket launches on one launch module
Time to equip (unequip) the module by one person, min.	no more than 4
Mass of the equipped launcher, kg
Mass of control equipment, kg	no more than 24

Tactical and technical characteristics	OPU "Dzhigit"
Firing sector in azimuth, deg
Firing sector in elevation, hail	-15 to 60
Dimensions in firing position with missiles installed, mm	2180x1546x1304
Folded dimensions with missiles installed, mm
Weight of launcher without missiles, kg
Deployment time in a combat position, min
Rocket reload time, min

Tactical and technical characteristics
Air situation display area, km
The number of targets simultaneously displayed on the probe and transmitted to individual target designators, pcs.
Selection of PEP 1L10-2 targets for tracking	automatic according to characteristics
Probability of detecting targets of the "airplane", "helicopter" type on a head-on course with illumination of 3x10-3 up to the line of 2 km
Supply voltage, V
Temperature range of application, deg.С	-50 to +50
Weight SOSN 9С520 in packages (3 boxes), kg	no more than 120

complex MANPADS "Sagittarius"

The medical center of the battalion is designed to collect the wounded in the battalion and evacuate them, as well as to provide medical assistance. The platoon consists of the head of the medical center (ensign), a medical instructor, two orderlies, a senior driver, and three orderly drivers. The medical center has four cars UAZ-469 and trailer 1-AP-1.5.

front edge conveyor (Luaz-967)

Support Platoon designed for uninterrupted logistics, maintenance of the current repair of combat and transport equipment of the battalion,
The platoon consists of a platoon commander (ensign) and a deputy platoon commander (aka squad leader), from a maintenance department, an automobile department, and an economic department.

In Soviet times, the battalion had reconnaissance platoon and engineering platoon, but the current states do not provide for them.
Maintenance department consists of a squad leader, a senior autoelectromechanic-accumulator, a car mechanic (fitter), a driver-car mechanic.
The department has: personnel - 4 people, a workshop for servicing vehicles MTO-AT-1, ZIL-131, ZIL-157 under MTO-AT-1.

Automotive department consists of a squad leader (aka deputy platoon leader), 3 senior drivers and 5 drivers. The department has: personnel - 9 people, GAZ-66 trucks for personal belongings and property of the company - 3; GAZ-66 trucks for kitchens and groceries - 4; trucks Ural-4320 for ammunition - 2. The commander of the automobile department is the deputy commander of the support platoon.

Ural-4320

GAZ-66

Economic department consists of a squad leader, a senior cook and 3 cooks. The department has: personnel - five people, trailer kitchens - 4, car trailers 1-AP-1.5, for kitchens - 4, portable kitchen KS-75.

Battalions are the main combined-arms tactical units of brigades, in which they perform various combat missions. Also, according to experts, the battalions can act independently. One of the most combat-ready are motorized rifle troops (MSV). Information about the organizational structure of a motorized rifle battalion can be found in this article.

Story

The battalion as an integral part of the regiment was introduced into the Russian army by Peter I. The term "battalion" comes from the word "battles". Previously, he designated a certain order in the construction of troops. In the 15th century, cavalry or foot soldiers began to be called a battalion, which were placed on the battlefield in the form of a closed square. The number of soldiers in the battalion was not constant and varied from 1 to 10 thousand people. In the 17th century, the number was 800-1000 soldiers. One battalion was equipped with 8 or 9 companies.

Over time, new types of weapons appeared, combat missions became more complex and diverse - using easel machine guns, mortars and artillery pieces, resulting in a more complex structure of battalions. The staff was supplemented by a headquarters and units providing combat and logistics support (economic, transport, communications, etc.).

After World War I, the army was replenished with tank, self-propelled artillery, mortar, motorcycle, sapper, engineering, machine gun and artillery, motorized infantry and other battalions. In the Great Patriotic War, motorized rifle battalions were used as the main unit in the balance of forces and to calculate density. The structure and description of such a military formation is given below in the article.

Compound

The regular structure of the motorized rifle battalion is represented by the following combat units:

• Three motorized rifle companies (MSR). It is a tactical unit that mainly functions as part of a motorized rifle brigade (MSB). However, according to military experts, in such areas as intelligence and security, the company can operate autonomously. In addition, Msr is a fairly effective tactical airborne assault force or special squad behind enemy lines.
• One mortar battery.
• One anti-tank platoon.
• Grenade launcher and anti-aircraft missile platoons.

Also in the organizational structure of the motorized rifle battalion there is:

• Medical Center.
• Platoon providing communication with the command and others military formations and formations.
• Support Platoon.

In the structure of a motorized rifle battalion, each of the above units performs certain tasks.

About command

The organizational structure of a motorized rifle battalion provides for the presence of a commander, his deputy in charge of personnel, and a deputy in charge of weapons. The place of deployment of the deputy battalion commander is the headquarters, where he holds the position of chief. In addition to him, the commander of the signalmen, an ensign and a clerk are present at the headquarters.

About the structure of a signal platoon

At the disposal of such a formation are two commander's armored personnel carriers or infantry fighting vehicles, 8 thousand meters of cable and radio stations in the amount of 22 units. The staff structure of a separate communications battalion of a motorized rifle brigade is represented by:

• Section commander. He is also a senior radiotelephonist-mechanic-driver of an armored personnel carrier or infantry fighting vehicle.
• Two radio departments (with a commander, a senior radio foreman of the first department and a senior radio operator of the second).
• The driver of the second vehicle.

Total total strength A communications platoon consists of 13 servicemen.

About the mortar battery

In the structure of a motorized rifle battalion, similar combat unit comes with:

• Battery management. Management is carried out by the commander, his deputy for work with personnel. In addition, the presence of a foreman, a sanitary instructor and a senior driver is provided.
• Management platoon with intelligence department and signalers.
• Two fire platoons, each of which is equipped with four 120-mm mortars.

66 people serve in the mortar battery. This military unit has four radio stations, a cable (4 thousand meters), mortars in the amount of 8 units and autotractors - 8 pieces. Sometimes the Nona self-propelled mortar battery is included in the battalion. The unit is equipped with two platoons, each of which has Nona-S installations in the amount of 4 guns.

According to experts, it was previously planned to use mortars instead of self-propelled howitzers"Khosta" 2S34 - a modernized version of the "Carnation" 2S1. On the this moment this issue is under consideration by the military leadership.

The task of the mortar battery is to suppress and destroy the enemy's manpower and firepower, which are located in open positions, trenches and dugouts. Such a formation is able to operate effectively on plots of up to 4 hectares.

About the grenade launcher

The structure of a motorized rifle battalion has a platoon whose task is to destroy enemy manpower and firepower outside shelters. The staff includes the platoon commander and his deputy. In addition, the grenade launcher platoon has three squads with their commanders, two senior gunners, two grenade launchers, APC machine gunners and drivers. The number of personnel is 26 military personnel. The platoon has at its disposal 30 mm AGS-17 grenade launchers (6 units) and BMP (3 vehicles).

Anti-tank platoon

In view of the fact that this unit stops the advancing enemy by firing from guns, their fire capabilities are taken into account as the main indicator. They are expressed in the number of destroyed enemy objects.

A motorized rifle battalion on average hits 130 enemy infantry fighting vehicles and 80 tanks. The indicator can increase to 120 tanks and 170 combat vehicles if the MSB includes a tank company and a platoon of guided anti-tank missiles. Today in Russia there are the most modern systems weapons.

About the composition of the battalion on infantry fighting vehicles

About the composition of the armored personnel carriers

In the motorized rifle battalion, 539 people are serving on armored personnel carriers.

The formation is equipped with 6 9K111 "Fagot" (ATGM "F") and 9 9K115 "Metis" (ATGM "M").

At the disposal of the personnel on the armored personnel carrier there are mortars "Vasilek" 2B9 and 2B9M, and three automatic 82-mm mortars. It also provides for the presence of 6 mortars of 82 mm caliber.

The number of vehicles is 43 armored personnel carriers.

About the anti-aircraft missile platoon

Such a formation in the structure of a motorized rifle battalion of the RF Armed Forces destroys enemy aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles and airborne troops. Range - low and medium heights. The platoon includes:

• Platoon commander and his deputy (he also leads the unit).
• Three departments. Each has its own commander, anti-aircraft gunners (2 people), an armored personnel carrier machine gunner, a senior driver and his assistant.

The number of personnel is 16 military personnel. At the disposal of the fighters are the Igla or Strela-2M launchers in the amount of 9 guns. The platoon has three armored personnel carriers.

About the battalion medical center

For the collection of the wounded and their evacuation, a medical center is provided in the structure of the motorized rifle battalion of the Russian Federation. The staff of this unit is represented by the head of the first-aid post (ensign), a medical instructor, two orderlies, a senior driver and three orderly drivers. UAZ-469 vehicles in the amount of 4 units and one trailer are at disposal.

About the support platoon

The tasks of the department include the maintenance and Maintenance battalion equipment. A support platoon with a staff of 19 people operates under the leadership of an ensign (he is also a platoon commander) and his deputy - the squad commander. The structure of the platoon includes a maintenance department, an automobile and an economic department.

Over the years, this unit was equipped with reconnaissance and engineering platoons. Today, such a composition is not provided. The structure of such a unit is limited to the following formations only:

Finally

In combat conditions, all the forces and means of the most diverse military branches interact. A good example of this is the complex organizational structure MSR and tank units.

Organization and arming of SMEs on armored personnel carriers (BMPs). TTX AK-74

The motorized rifle battalion consists of: (has 517 people l / s)

battalion command

communications platoon (AF)

3 motorized rifle companies (MSR)

mortar battery (Min.Bat.)

anti-tank platoon (PTV)

support platoon (VB)

battalion medical station (MPB)

SME management - 6 people:

1. SME commander (PM,AKS74)

2. deputy battalion commander (PM,AKS74)

3. Deputy commander of the SME for educational work (PM, AKS74)

4. Deputy commander of the SME for armaments (PM, AKS74)

5. Deputy commander of the SME for logistics (PM, AKS74)

6. assistant to the commander of the SME for artillery (PM, AKS74)

Headquarters - 5 people:

7. chief of staff (NSh) (PM,AKS74)

8. Deputy NSh battalion (PM,AKS74)

9. chief of communications (commander of a communications platoon) (PM, AKS74)

10.instructor (PM,AKS74)

11.clerk (AK-74)

company management

3 motorized rifle platoons

anti-tank department.

Management MCP-8 people:

1. company commander (PM, AKS74);

3.senior technician (PM,AKS74);

4. foreman of the company (PM, AKS74);

5. medical instructor (AK-74);

6. BTR machine gunner (AK-74);

7.senior driver (AK-74);

8.operator SBR-3 (AK-74);

platoon management (6 people):

1. MSV commander (PM);

2.deputy.Comm.MSV(AK);

3.sniper(SVD);

4. shooter-medic (AK);

5. PKM machine gunner;

6. calculation-number (AK-74).

2. BTR machine gunner (AK-74);

3. driver (AKS-74U);

4. machine gunner (RPK-74);

7. senior shooter (AK-74);

8.sniper (SVD).

Armament MSO:

Armored personnel carrier (BMP) - 1.

Machine gun RPK-74-1.

RPG-7V-1 grenade launcher.

AvtomatAK-74-4.

3. operator - (3 people) (AK-74U);

4. BTR machine gunner (AK-74U);

5. driver of an armored personnel carrier (AK-74U).

Armament:

ATGM 9k 115-3.

"Metis" - 1.

TTX AK-74

Tactical - technical characteristics of AK-74/AKS-74/AKS-74U
- Cartridge - 5.45x39
- The principle of operation - automation based on the removal of powder gases
- Food - box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds
- Weight - 3.07 / 2.97 / 2.485 kg (unloaded): 3.6 / 3.5 / 3.0 kg (with an equipped magazine); 4.09/3.99/- kg (with bayonet)
- The length of the weapon - 1089/1089 / - mm (with a bayonet); 940/ 940/730 mm (without bayonet);
- The length of the weapon with the butt folded - AKS-74 - 700 mm, AKS-74U - 490 mm
- Barrel length - 415/415/206.5 mm
- Grooves - 4 (right-handed), pitch 200/200/160 mm
- Muzzle velocity - 900/900/735 m/s
- muzzle energy- 1377/1377/918 J
- Fire modes - single and continuous
- Rate of fire - 600/600/700 rpm
- Rate of fire - 40-100 rpm
- Sighting range- 1000/1000/500 m
- Range of a direct shot at a growth figure - 625/625/350 m

1. Organization and armament of the MSR on the BMP. TTX BMP-2

A motorized rifle company on an armored personnel carrier consists of a company headquarters, three motorized rifle platoons (each with three motorized rifle squads) and an anti-tank and machine gun platoon, consisting of an anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) squad and a machine gun squad. The company has 9 RPG-7.

MSR on an armored personnel carrier consists of (has 107 people l / s):

company management

3 motorized rifle platoons

anti-tank department.

Management MCP-8 people:

1. company commander (PM, AKS74);

2. Deputy KR for educational work (ZKHRCH) (PM, AKS74);

3.senior technician (PM,AKS74);

4. foreman of the company (PM, AKS74);

5. medical instructor (AK-74);

6. BTR machine gunner (AK-74);

7.senior driver (AK-74);

8.operator SBR-3 (AK-74);

Motorized rifle platoon (30 people) consists of:

platoon management (6 people):

1. MSV commander (PM);

2.deputy.Comm.MSV(AK);

3.sniper(SVD);

4. shooter-medic (AK);

5. PKM machine gunner;

6. calculation-number (AK-74).

3 motorized rifle squads (MSO) (8 people):

1. squad leader (KO) (AK-74);

2. BTR machine gunner (AK-74);

3. driver (AKS-74U);

4. machine gunner (RPK-74);

5. gunner-grenade launcher (RPG-7V, AKS-74U);

6. gunner-assistant grenade launcher (AK-74);

7. senior shooter (AK-74);

8.sniper (SVD).

Armament MSO:

Armored personnel carrier (BMP) - 1.

Machine gun RPK-74-1.

RPG-7V-1 grenade launcher.

AvtomatAK-74-4.

Anti-tank squad (9 people):

1. squad leader (KO) (AK-74U);

2nd senior operator - (3 people) (AK-74U);

3. operator - (3 people) (AK-74U);

4. BTR machine gunner (AK-74U);

5. driver of an armored personnel carrier (AK-74U).

Armament:

ATGM 9k 115-3.

"Metis" - 1.

Basic performance characteristics (TTX) BMP-2

Full combat weight, t
Combat crew crew + troops, pers.
Specific power, kW/t (hp/t)	14,93-15,99 (20,30-21,74)
Specific pressure (at zero immersion in the ground), kgf / cm 2
Length with cannon forward
body length
Width: along the wings
by caterpillars
Height according to aiming and observation instruments
Clearance (with zero immersion in the ground), not less than
Maximum speed: on the highway, not less than
afloat, no less
Cruising range on fuel on the highway, km
Width of the overcome ditch, m
Wall height, m
Automatic gun: brand
Caliber, mm
Sighting range for ground targets, m: BT shells
OFZ and OT shells
Shooting at air targets flying at subsonic speeds at altitudes (ranges), m	up to 2000 (up to 2500)
Stabilizer	2E36-1 two-plane
Number and brand of machine guns
Caliber, mm
Combat rate of fire, shot/min, no more
Rate of fire, shot / min
Anti-tank complex	"Competition"
Ammunition, pcs. 30mm gun ammo
Armor-piercing tracer cartridges
High-explosive fragmentation incendiary and fragmentation-tracer cartridges
7.62 mm cartridges for twin PKT
Engine brand
Maximum power at 2600 rpm, kW (hp)	210-221 (285-300)
Warranty period, h
Tank capacity, l

1. Organization and armament of tb. TTX T-80

Organizationally, a tank battalion of a tank regiment consists of:

Battalion Command;

Party and political apparatus;

communications platoon;

Three tank companies;

medical center;

Support platoon.

The battalion command includes:

Battalion commander;

Deputy for p / part

Deputy battalion commander for technical / unit

The battalion headquarters includes:

Chief of Staff;

Head of communications (he is also the commander of a communications platoon);

chemical instructor;

The communications platoon consists of:

Tank commander of the battalion with the crew (tank commander, senior mechanic-

driver, radio operator-loader);

Commander combat vehicle BMP-1K (commander of the combat vehicle, radio operator,

driver mechanic);

Radio departments (squad leader, radiotelephonist, driver

armored personnel carrier - an electrician, an armored personnel carrier, three radio stations).

There are 9 people in the platoon.

The tank company consists of:

Company management (company commander, deputy commander for political

unit, deputy company commander for technical affairs (senior lieutenant for

battalions armed with tanks with a crew of 3 people, senior technician

warrant officer for battalions armed with tanks with a crew of 4 people), foreman,

tank commander, senior driver, radio operator-loader);

Three tank platoons with 3 tanks in each platoon. The medical center consists of:

Head of the medical center, medical instructor, three orderlies

(private), driver-medical instructor.

In total, in the personnel department - b people, an ambulance UAZ-

452A, trailer AP-0.5.

The support platoon consists of:

Platoon commander (ensign) and technician (ensign);

Departments of technical service;

Automotive department;

Economic department.

The maintenance department consists of:

Squad leader;

Senior foreman for the repair of tank electrical and special equipment;

Working master of low power radio stations;

Locksmith driver.

In total, in the personnel department - b people, RPG-7, technical vehicle. service

MTO, car ZIL-131 (ZIL-157). The automotive department consists of:

Squad leader;

Senior refueling driver;

senior driver;

Two refueling drivers;

Five drivers.

In total, in the department of personnel - 10 people, Ural trucks

375 for ammunition - 5, for personal belongings and company property - 1, for ZIP-1,

fuel tankers ATM-4, 5-375 - 3. The economic department consists of:

Squad leader - cook;

Driver.

Total in the department: personnel - 3 people, automobile kitchen PAK-

200 (PAK-170), ZIL-131 car, AL-1.5 trailer.

In total, in the tank battalion of personnel - 174 people, tanks - 31.

The tank battalion of a motorized rifle regiment in terms of organizational structure is approximately

the same as the tank regiment, except for an increased number

Three in a tank battalion tank companies three tank platoons and four

tank in each platoon. In total, in a tank company of personnel - 55 people. and 13

tanks, in the battalion - 213 people. and 40 tanks.

T-80U:

Weight - 46 tons.

Crew - 3 people

Gun: 125 mm smoothbore

Cannon rate of fire: up to 12 rpm

Ammunition, rounds: T80B - 38, T80U - 45

Loading: automatic

Two Plane Stabilizer

Guided missile 9K119 with laser beam control

Machine guns: one 12.7 mm, one 7.62 mm

Engine: gas turbine engine, power 1250 hp (919 kW)

Speed ​​- 80 km per hour.

Power reserve - 412 km, with additional barrels - 562 km.

Fuel consumption on the highway - 4 l / km;

Full refueling time - 23 minutes (at a pressure of 1.5 atm)

WMD protection

Built-in dynamic protection

1. Organization and arming of the MSV on the armored personnel carrier (BMP). TTX RPG-7

A motorized rifle platoon is a tactical unit and consists of a control group (4 people) and three motorized rifle squads (8 people each). The control group includes a platoon commander, a deputy platoon commander, a sniper, and an orderly shooter. The platoon commander, the deputy platoon commander and the orderly gunner are armed with Kalashnikov assault rifles (AKM or AK-74), the sniper is armed with a Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD).

A motorized rifle squad is the smallest tactical unit and consists of: a squad leader, a senior gunner, an armored personnel carrier machine gunner, a machine gunner, a grenade launcher, an assistant grenade launcher, a gunner and an armored personnel carrier driver.

The personnel of the squads are armed with an RPK machine gun, an RPG-7 (RPG-16) grenade launcher, six machine guns, a grenade launcher is armed with an APS pistol. The department has an infantry fighting vehicle

Total in the platoon: personnel - 28 people, armored personnel carrier - 3 pcs., machine gun - 3 pcs., grenade launcher - 3 pcs., machine gun - 22 pcs., pistol - 4 pcs.

Motorized rifle platoon (30 people) consists of:

· platoon management (6 people):

1. MSV commander (PM);

2.deputy.Comm.MSV(AK);

3.sniper(SVD);

4. shooter-medic (AK);

5. PKM machine gunner;

6. calculation-number (AK-74).

· 3 motorized rifle squads (MSO) (8 people):

1. squad leader (KO) (AK-74);

2. BTR machine gunner (AK-74);

3. driver (AKS-74U);

4. machine gunner (RPK-74);

5. gunner-grenade launcher (RPG-7V, AKS-74U);

6. gunner-assistant grenade launcher (AK-74);

7. senior shooter (AK-74);

8.sniper (SVD).

Armament MSO:

Machine gun RPK-74-1.

RPG-7V-1 grenade launcher.

AvtomatAK-74-4.

TTX RPG 7

Caliber, mm 40

Grenade caliber, mm 85; 70

in combat position, mm 950

Weight of grenade launcher, kg 6.3

Grenade weight, kg 2.2; 2.0

Maximum grenade speed, m/s 300

Rate of fire, in / m 4-6

Sighting range, m 300

1. The essence of defense and the requirements for it. Conditions for going on the defensive

1. The purpose and conditions for the transition of troops to the defense.

In modern combined-arms combat, defense, like the offensive, is the main type of combat operations of units and subunits.

The defensive actions of the troops are carried out with the aim :

- to repel the offensive of superior enemy forces;

- inflict maximum losses on him;

Hold important areas (objects) of the terrain and thereby create favorable conditions for going on the offensive.

Thus, the ultimate goal of defense is subordinated to the solution of offensive tasks by the troops, and its essence lies in repulsing the offensive of superior enemy forces, inflicting defeat on him with nuclear and fire strikes in combination with a wide maneuver of fire, forces and means, counterattacks, the use of barriers, the stubborn holding of the main (key ) areas and positions that intercept the probable directions of the enemy's offensive and thereby create favorable conditions for the transition to offensive operations.

2. Types of defensive combat

Depending on the combat mission, the availability of forces and resources, as well as the nature of the terrain, defense can be positional and maneuverable.

Positional defense is the main type of defense. It most fully meets the main goal of defense and is carried out by inflicting maximum losses on the enemy in the course of stubbornly holding areas prepared for defense. Positional defense is used in most directions, and above all, where the loss of territory is unacceptable.

A company, a platoon, as a rule, conduct positional defense.

Maneuverable defense - is used to inflict losses on the enemy, gain time and preserve their forces through successive defensive battles along pre-planned and echeloned lines in depth, combined with short counterattacks. It involves leaving some part of the territory and is used in conditions of a surprise attack by the enemy and in the conduct combat in the supply zone .

The main differences between the types of defense considered are in the formation of combat formations of subunits, engineering equipment of the terrain and methods of combat.

3. Tasks to be solved during the defensive battle

Defense can be used deliberately when more active and resolute actions are inexpedient, or forcedly - due to an unfavorable situation. It can be prepared in advance of the start of hostilities or organized in the course of combat. The transition to the defense of the bar (company) can be carried out in the absence of contact with the enemy or direct contact with him.

In the course of a battle (in conditions of direct contact with the enemy), subunits may go on the defensive:

- to consolidate and hold the captured important areas and lines;

- in order to repel counterattacks of superior enemy forces during the offensive;

- to cover the flanks in the threatened direction;

- to ensure the regrouping of troops;

- as a result of the unsuccessful outcome of the oncoming battle.

Under these conditions, subunits going over to the defensive, as a rule, will be subjected to active enemy pressure, his nuclear strikes and strikes by other means of mass destruction, air and artillery strikes, as well as attacks by the enemy, especially his tanks.

4. The transition of the unit to the defense.

During the transition to the defense without contact with the enemy, more favorable conditions are created for organizing the defense.

In advance (in the absence of contact with the enemy), subunits can go on the defensive:

- during operations in the second echelon of the regiment;

- in the defense of the sea coast, where the landing of amphibious assault forces is expected;

- to ensure the advancement and deployment of the main forces in the border zone at the beginning of the war.

5. Unit on the defensive. Requirements and characteristics of defense.

At present, such requirements are imposed on defense as stability and activity.

At the same time, it should be anti-tank, anti-aircraft, anti-amphibious, and also be prepared for long-term combat in the conditions of the use of WMD, high-precision weapons and electronic warfare by the enemy, and have a formation in depth.

The conditions of the situation, as well as the variety of means of defeating the enemy, and especially the absence or restriction on the use of nuclear weapons, predetermine the different order of defeating the enemy.

In operations using only conventional weapons, the basis for conducting defense is: defeating the enemy with air strikes and missile troops, fire of all types of weapons, fettering his actions with the widespread use of engineering obstacles, stubbornly holding important areas of the terrain by troops, defeating an enemy who has penetrated a wedged by a counterattack of motorized rifle and tank troops, the constant readiness of troops for operations with the use of nuclear weapons.

Under application conditions nuclear weapons The basics of defense are: defeating the enemy with nuclear weapons in combination with fire from all types of weapons and carrying out a wide maneuver by units and subunits that have survived or restored their combat capability to close gaps in the defense, hold important areas of the terrain and clarify the opposing, primarily those that have broken through, enemy groupings.

A motorized rifle battalion can defend in the first or second echelon of the regiment, in the supply zone or in the forward position, form a combined arms reserve or operate in an antiamphibious reserve. When leaving the battle and retreating, he can be assigned to the rear guard.

In the defense of the SMB, a defense area is assigned. The width of the battalion defense area is 3-5 km, and the depth is 2-2.5 km. A company occupies a strong point - 1 - 1.5 km along the front and up to 1 km in depth, and a platoon - up to 400 m along the front and up to 300 m in depth.

1. Goals of the offensive, conditions and methods of going over to the offensive

Offensive is the main type of military operations.

Only a decisive offensive carried out at a high pace and in great depth ensures the complete defeat of the enemy and the capture of the important areas (lines, objectives) of the terrain he occupies. A swift offensive makes it possible to thwart the enemy's plan and fire strikes.

An offensive may be undertaken after a long or short-term defense, when troops go over to a counter-offensive, and to build on the success achieved in a counter-offensive (offensive) operation.

Depending on the situation and the tasks assigned, an offensive can be carried out against a defending, advancing, or retreating enemy.

The offensive of a division (regiment) against an enemy occupying a prepared defense, as a rule, is carried out from a position of direct contact with him, and against an enemy who has hastily gone over to the defensive, and from the depth.

An attack on an advancing enemy is carried out by means of a meeting engagement, and an attack on a retreating enemy is carried out by pursuing him.

When conducting an offensive using only conventional weapons the defeat of the opposing enemy, as a rule, is carried out by successive fire destruction of his first, second echelons and reserves while simultaneously influencing the most important objects to the entire depth of the reach of weapons and a decisive offensive by motorized rifle and tank units (subunits) in the lanes assigned to them with mastery of the designated areas (boundaries ).

When conducting an offensive with the use of nuclear weapons, the defeat of the enemy is carried out by the simultaneous destruction by nuclear strikes of his opposing grouping and important objects to the entire depth of the firing range, with the completion of their destruction by subsequent nuclear fire strikes and the rapid advance of motorized rifle and tank units (subunits) in directions and the capture of important areas ( frontiers).

In all cases, the offensive must be carried out at a high pace, non-stop, day and night, with a rapid transfer of efforts in depth and to other directions with a wide use of encirclements and detours of the enemy, including by air, and in coastal areas - from the sea, drawing on it simultaneous strikes from the front, flanks, rear and from the air, dismemberment and destruction of it in parts.

When going over to the offensive against a hastily engaged or poorly developed defense, the areas of breakthrough can be large, while the degree of fire damage and the density of fire weapons can be smaller. When fortified areas are breached, the density of fire weapons and the degree of fire damage to the enemy usually increase. During the transition to the offensive, higher densities of fire weapons are created throughout the zone and a higher degree of fire damage is established on the axes of strikes in order to dismember the enemy and destroy him piecemeal.

The characteristic features of an offensive as a type of hostilities are:

"surprise and swiftness of strikes;

"a skillful combination of fire and movement;

"maintaining continuous superiority over the enemy in forces and means in the main directions;

"preempting the enemy in building up efforts;

1. Combat mission and combat order of MSV in defense (show with a diagram)

A motorized rifle platoon, skillfully using its weapons, the terrain and its engineering equipment, as well as obstacles, defends itself, as a rule, as part of a company, can be in the battalion reserve, be assigned to combat guards, combat reconnaissance patrol and fire ambush, part of the forces or in full part of the armored group of the company.

In every specific case the place of the platoon and its role will be determined by the combat mission set by the senior commander.

A motorized rifle platoon may be given anti-tank squad, flamethrowers squad and grenade launcher squad.

The combat capabilities of a motorized rifle platoon in defense are characterized by fire and maneuver capabilities.

Fire capabilities are understood as the ability of a platoon to destroy advancing enemy tanks with anti-tank fire and destroy manpower and fire weapons with small arms fire.

Maneuverability determines the ability of a platoon to move, deploy to occupy a firing line, and other actions that are characterized by time indicators.

Knowledge of combat capabilities allows the platoon commander to competently set combat missions and correctly use weapons in battle.

The calculation for the fight against enemy tanks in defense is based on the use of the combat effectiveness coefficients of anti-tank weapons, which are presented in the table.

The combat mission of a motorized rifle platoon defending as part of a company in the first echelon, consists in inflicting a decisive defeat on the enemy in front of the front line by all types of fire in cooperation with neighbors, repulsing his attack and holding the occupied strong point.

Motorized rifle platoon, assigned to the battalion reserve, occupies a stronghold where it is in readiness to repel an attack of an enemy that has penetrated the defenses, destroy its airborne assault forces, airmobile and sabotage and reconnaissance groups that have landed in the depths of the battalion defense area, strengthen (replace) first-echelon units in case they lose their combat capability and to solving other emergencies.

infantry platoon, assigned to military guard, advances to the indicated position (in combat security, the platoon defends the position up to 500 m along the front), equips it in engineering terms and is in readiness to prevent a surprise attack by the enemy on the battalion and forbid it to conduct reconnaissance.

Platoon stronghold - the area of ​​the terrain on which the platoon with reinforcements is deployed in battle formation, creates a fire system, equips it in engineering terms and is in readiness to repulse the advancing enemy. The strong point of the platoon is prepared for all-round defense primarily to fight enemy tanks and is carefully camouflaged.

1. Combat mission and combat order of the MSV in the offensive (show with a diagram)

Offensive- a type of battle conducted in order to defeat the enemy and capture important areas (borders, objects) of the terrain. It consists in defeating the enemy with all available means, a decisive attack, the rapid advance of troops into the depths of his location, the destruction and capture of manpower, the capture of military equipment and the designated areas (boundaries) of the terrain.

Only a resolute offensive carried out at a high pace can achieve the complete defeat of the enemy. The personnel of the platoon, using the results of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy, must conduct an offensive with full effort, continuously, day and night, in any weather and in close cooperation with other subunits in order to destroy the defending enemy. The advancing platoon must use the gaps and gaps in the enemy's battle formations in order to strike at the flank and rear.

The place of the platoon in an offensive battle is determined by the senior commander. But this does not mean that it depends only on the subjective factor. A significant influence on determining the place of a platoon is exerted by its staffing, the training of personnel, including commanders, combat experience, etc. reconnaissance patrol, in an assault group it can act independently. Motorized rifle platoon, in addition, can participate in the advanced group from tactical airborne assault.

As part of a company, a motorized rifle (tank) platoon can advance in the first echelon of the battalion in the direction of its main efforts. In this case, not only the accomplishment of the combat mission of the company, but also the battalion will largely depend on the successful actions of the platoon.

A platoon can also attack as part of subunits of the second echelon of a battalion or unit, having the task of building on the success of subunits of the first echelon and completing the task assigned to the battalion.

When operating in the battalion reserve, a platoon can solve a wide variety of suddenly arising tasks: to be brought into battle to increase the efforts of the battalion, to repel counterattacks together with first-echelon units, to replace units that have suffered losses, to cover open flanks from possible enemy attacks, to fight against his sabotage and reconnaissance groups. Removal of the reserve from the units of the first echelon can be up to 3 km. It provides the battalion commander with maintaining reliable communication with the platoon and quickly bringing it into battle. In the course of carrying out the mission assigned to the battalion in the depths of the enemy's defenses, the platoon may be assigned to a combat reconnaissance patrol for the purpose of conducting reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain in the battalion's offensive zone. In this case, the distance from the units of the first echelon can reach up to 10 km. MSV as part of an assault group can act during an offensive in a city or a fortified area to capture especially strong buildings and structures prepared for defense. In addition to a platoon, an assault group may also include tanks, self-propelled guns, mortars, ATGMs, flamethrowers, as well as an engineering unit with demolition charges.

A motorized rifle platoon, detached from a battalion operating in a tactical airborne assault as an advance group, is usually intended to capture the landing site and must ensure the landing of the main landing forces.

The MSV can be assigned to a tank unit, and the TV to a motorized rifle unit and carry out offensive missions in close cooperation with each other.

As combat mission the platoon in the offensive is indicated the object of the attack and the direction of the further offensive.

The object of attack by a motorized rifle (tank) platoon is usually the enemy in the trenches or other fortifications of a stronghold, as well as tanks, guns, machine guns and other enemy fire weapons located separately in the direction of attack.

The combat mission of a platoon is determined by the decision of the senior commander and depends on the nature of the enemy's defense, the degree of his defeat and the availability of reinforcements.

A platoon can be assigned a machine gun section, automatic grenade launchers and flamethrowers. When acting as an assault group, a platoon can also be assigned tanks.

When performing a combat mission, the MSV, depending on the situation, operates in pre-battle, combat or marching order.

The combat order of the MSV, advancing on foot, consists of a chain, infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) and reinforcements (scheme No. 4).

The combat order of the MSV advancing on infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) and TV consists of a combat line of combat vehicles with an interval of up to 100 m between them and reinforcements operating in the combat line or behind it (scheme No. 1).

The combat formation of a grenade launcher platoon (Scheme No. 2) and an anti-tank platoon (Scheme No. 3), operating on foot, consists of combat formations of squads with an interval of up to 50 m between them.

The battle formation of an anti-tank platoon operating on infantry fighting vehicles (APCs) in full force is a combat line of combat vehicles with an interval between vehicles of up to 150 m.

Before the attack of motorized rifle and tank units, fire preparation of the attack is carried out, and during the offensive - fire support attacks and fire escort of offensive units in depth.

TV, MSVs on infantry fighting vehicles and an anti-tank platoon in full strength can be allocated to destroy observed enemy fire weapons by direct fire in the course of fire preparation for an attack.

1. Definition of combat readiness. How is constant combat readiness achieved?

Combat readiness is a state that determines the degree of readiness of troops to solve the combat missions assigned to them. Under the combat readiness of units and subunits, one should understand, first of all, their ability to immediately begin solving combat missions in accordance with the goal, concept and situation.

There are four levels of combat readiness for troops:

Constant;

Increased;

military danger;

Constant combat readiness of formations, units and subunits to perform a combat mission is achieved by:

Correct understanding by commanders, staffs and political agencies of their tasks, anticipation of possible changes in the situation and timely implementation of the necessary measures for planning and preparing upcoming actions;

Staffing and provision of troops with everything necessary for combat;

High combat training of the troops and their readiness for action in the conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy.

The constant readiness of weapons and military equipment for use, and of personnel for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them;

Deployment of formations, units and subunits, taking into account the purpose and high mobilization readiness;

Continuous reconnaissance;

Clear organization and vigilant combat duty and combat service;

Timely and organized bringing troops to the highest levels of combat readiness;

High morale, discipline and vigilance of the personnel;

Organization and maintenance of firm and continuous command and control of troops.

With constant combat readiness, units and subunits are engaged in daily planned activities, being ready at any moment to quickly and in an organized manner put themselves on combat readiness and begin to carry out a combat mission. Subdivisions and units are located at permanent deployment points, military and special equipment is stored in parks, and ammunition and military supplies are stored in warehouses and boxes in parks. The units are engaged in accordance with the plan of combat and political training, guard duty and round-the-clock duty of the internal squad are carried out.

1. Degrees of combat readiness and their summary

The Russian Armed Forces have the following levels of combat readiness:

1. Combat readiness "Constant"

2. Combat readiness "Increased"

3. Combat readiness "Military danger"

4. Combat readiness "Full"

Combat readiness "permanent" - the daily state of the troops, staffing, weapons, armored vehicles and vehicles, provision with all types of materiel and capable of switching to "increased", "military danger" and "full" combat readiness within the time period set for them.

Units and subunits are in places of permanent deployment. Combat training is organized according to the combat training plan, classes are conducted according to the training schedule, strict adherence to the daily routine, maintaining high discipline, all this has a significant impact on the level of combat readiness in peacetime.

Combat readiness "increased" - the state of the troops in which they can be brought to combat readiness "military danger" and "full" without performing combat missions in the shortest possible time.

With combat readiness "increased", the following set of measures is performed:

The officers and warrant officers are transferred, if necessary, to the barracks position

All types of fees, vacations are canceled

All units return to location

Equipment of the current allowance is removed from short-term storage

Batteries are installed on TD equipment

Educational Combat vehicles and arms are loaded with ammunition

Amplifies outfit

Establish round-the-clock duty of responsible staff officers

Checking the warning and alarm system

Retirement is terminated

Archives are being prepared for delivery

Weapons and ammunition are issued to officers and ensigns

Combat readiness "military danger" - the state of the troops in which they are ready to perform combat missions. The timing of bringing units into combat readiness "military danger" depends on many factors (climate, season, etc.). The personnel receive weapons and gas masks. All equipment and weapons are withdrawn to the spare area.

Parts of the reduced staff and personnel, which are completed according to the mobilization plan with officers, warrant officers, sergeants and soldiers of active service, as well as reserve personnel, carry out the reception of the organizational core, prepare for the withdrawal of equipment, weapons and materiel to the spare area, deploy points for the reception of assigned staff .

The organizational core includes personnel and reserve officers, drivers, driver-mechanics, military personnel of scarce specialties, which are essential to ensure organizational acceptance of assigned staff and equipment from the national economy.

Combat readiness "full" - the state of the highest degree of combat readiness of troops, in which they are able to start performing combat missions.

Parts of the reduced staff and personnel begin to receive assigned staff and equipment from the n / x. The units are completed according to the mobilization plan with reserve personnel up to the full staff strength of wartime. Responsibility for the high-quality staffing of the unit with persons liable for military service lies with the commander and the district military commissar, who are obliged to constantly study and know the personnel assigned from the reserve. The commander of the unit coordinates with the military commissar the signals and the procedure for sending commands to the personnel reception point.

1. The content of the fire card of the squad leader in the defense (show with a diagram)

Motorized rifle department defends a position up to 100 m along the front,
having on it the main and reserve (temporary) positions for fire weapons, which, together with neighboring squads, can destroy the enemy with fire in front of the front and on the flanks of the platoon's stronghold.

At the position of the detachment, the riflemen, machine gunner, grenade launcher and sniper are positioned so that all approaches to it in front of the front and on the flanks are under real, especially flank and cross fire, and obstacles and obstacles are clearly visible and shot through.

In accordance with this, the fire system is also being built..

The squad must be ready to maneuver in a threatened direction, firing at night and in other conditions of limited visibility.

Squad firing position includes the main and reserve firing positions of fire weapons and an infantry fighting vehicle. The firing position of an infantry fighting vehicle is usually set up behind the positions of the fire weapons of the squad at a distance of up to 50 m and in such a way that the fire of the infantry fighting vehicle provides cover for the squad in position.

Infantry fighting vehicle is the basis of the defense position of the branch. Its firing position can be equipped in the center of the squad position, on the flank or behind the position at a distance of up to 50 m. An infantry fighting vehicle without landing in defense can be allocated for operations in a fire ambush, as a wandering fire weapon and as part of a company armored group. The position of the squad may be located fire weapons of senior commanders.

fire system is a combination of prepared fire from weapons of all types, organized in accordance with the decision of the commander and taking into account the nature of the terrain and installed engineering obstacles, to defeat the enemy.

The fire system of a motorized rifle squad in defense includes: areas of concentrated fire of the squad, prepared in front of the forward edge of the defense; squad fire lane; additional sector of fire in the threatened direction.

The basis of the squad fire system is fire from an infantry fighting vehicle, an anti-tank grenade launcher and a machine gun. The fire system is built taking into account the fire capabilities of all types of weapons of the squad on their close interaction and in combination with engineering obstacles and natural obstacles. It must ensure the defeat of the enemy, primarily his tanks and other armored vehicles, on the approaches to the defense, in front of the forward edge, between neighboring squads and in the depths of the defense, the possibility of conducting real frontal, flank and cross fire, as well as all-round defense.

Concentrated fire is the fire of small arms, grenade launchers, weapons of infantry fighting vehicles, fired simultaneously by several fire weapons or several subunits at one target or part of the enemy’s battle formation.

1. March, its purpose, types and conditions of completion. The main indicators of the march, their brief description

March - organized movement of units in columns along roads and column routes in order to reach a designated area or to a specified line.

It can be performed in anticipation of entry, into combat, or out of the threat of a collision with the enemy, as a rule, at night or in other conditions of limited visibility. Depending on the conditions of the situation, and above all, on its removal and possible nature of action of the enemy, the march can be carried out in anticipation of entering into battle or without the threat of a collision with the enemy, using weapons of mass destruction or only conventional weapons, the influence of aviation, airborne assaults, sabotage and reconnaissance groups, the use of mines and explosive barriers and destruction.

A march in anticipation of entering a battle is made in the case when subunits have to carry out a combat mission directly from the march: to advance, defend, and conduct a meeting battle. Such marches, as a rule, are made in the area of ​​​​combat operations.

A march without the threat of a collision with the enemy is usually carried out in the rear of friendly troops. Under these conditions, the possibility of conducting combat with a ground enemy is excluded, however, units must be ready to repel air strikes against sabotage and reconnaissance groups, under the influence of high-precision weapons, the use of remote mining.

All marches are made, as a rule, at night or in other conditions of limited visibility. In all cases, motorized rifle (tank) subunits must arrive promptly in the specified area or at the line and be in full readiness to carry out a combat mission. The movement of subunits in the direction is carried out towards the front, to the rear and along the front.

After the march, subunits are concentrated in a designated area or deployed at a specified line to carry out a combat mission. Marching movement ensures the constant organizational integrity and combat readiness of subunits, their rapid deployment and entry into battle or maneuver in order to bypass areas of destruction, fires and flooding.

In all cases, the commander must ensure that the platoon (squad, tank) arrives in the designated area or at the indicated line in a timely manner, in full force and in readiness to perform a combat mission.

A platoon (squad, tank) marches in a column of a company (platoon) with distances between vehicles of 25-50 m. When driving on dusty roads, in conditions of limited visibility, in ice, on roads with steep slopes, descents and turns, as well as when driving at high speed, the distances between cars increase.

When moving in open areas under the threat of the use of reconnaissance and strike systems by the enemy, the distances between combat vehicles increase and can be 100-150 m.

Marching opportunities. By marching capabilities is meant the ability of subunits to move in infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) in tanks, cars, on foot (on skis) from one area to another. The main indicators of the marching capabilities of units are the average speed of movement and the value of the daily transition.

The average speed of a platoon, excluding time for halts, can be: on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), tanks - 20-25 km / h, on cars when moving as part of a separate automobile column - 25-30 km / h; motorized rifle platoon on foot - 4-5 km / h, on skis - 5-7 km / h.

In mountains, deserts, northern regions, wooded and swampy terrain and other adverse conditions, the average speed of the movement of columns can decrease to 15-20 km / h.

In all cases, the march must be carried out at the maximum possible speed under the given conditions. .

The value of the daily transition is the distance along the route of movement from the starting point to the most remote point of the area (destination line), overcome by subunits per day. The length of the route is measured on the map.

1. Camp guard, its elements, removal from the main and tasks to be solved

A motorized rifle (tank) platoon on the march may be assigned to the front (side, rear) marching outpost, to a fixed side outpost, or to the front (rear) patrol. Specified in table. the removal of marching guards is determined on the basis that when a battle is started at the head marching outpost with enemy guards, a distance of 5-10 km (at a speed of 25 km / h) can be covered by a battalion in 12-24 minutes. According to the experience of the exercises, this is exactly how much time the battalion commander needs to assess the situation, make a decision and set a task for subordinates during the advance, as well as to deploy the battalion into battle formation. If we take into account that the main forces of the battalion can advance along a longer route to attack the enemy on the flank, the time interval between the beginning of the battle of the head outpost and the entry into battle of the main forces can be 25-30 minutes.

The combat capabilities of the subunits make it possible to engage in combat with a superior enemy for 20-30 minutes. Therefore, during this time, marching guards are able to actively engage in combat with a superior enemy. At the same time, it may be expedient to remove the head outpost as part of a platoon 5 km, companies - up to 10 km. The head patrol operates at a distance of 3-5 km, such a removal excludes the possibility of direct fire by the enemy at the head marching outpost, and also allows you to support the battle of the head patrol with the fire of the artillery attached to it and engage in battle in an organized manner.

Thus, the removal of marching guards should provide the commander with time to make a decision, set tasks, occupy firing positions for artillery subunits, advance and deploy subunits to engage in battle.

The marching order of a motorized rifle (tank) platoon on the march in anticipation of entering battle is built with regard to ensuring constant combat readiness, the rapid deployment of an organized entry into battle into battle formation. It is a column consisting of guards of the sentinel squad (tank) and the main forces of the platoon.

In order to carry out tasks in marching security, a motorized rifle (tank) platoon can receive a tank (motorized rifle squad), an engineer squad, and two or three reconnaissance chemists for reinforcement.
Art. 137. The commander of a platoon assigned to a marching guard, when clarifying the received task and assessing the situation, must: understand the task of the guarded column, his task and the time of readiness for its implementation; study the route of movement and the nature of the terrain on the map, determine the places of a probable meeting with the enemy, as well as the places of possible ambushes, and outline the procedure for meeting with the enemy of the patrol squad (tank) and the main forces of the platoon; determine the composition of fire weapons and observers on duty, as well as the procedure for preparing a platoon for a march.

In the combat order, the platoon leader states:

information about the enemy;

the task of the platoon: the route and speed of movement, the formation of the column, the distance between the vehicles, the starting point and the time of its passage, the tasks of the squads (tanks) and the procedure for meeting with the enemy;

sentinel squad (tank), its task and removal;

time of readiness for the march;

his place and substitute.

When organizing interaction, the platoon commander indicates: the order of observation, communication, opening and firing at air targets; places of probable meeting with the enemy and actions of the sentinel squad (tank), platoon and reinforcements when meeting with him; procedure for observance of camouflage and use of night vision devices (blackout devices), warning, control and interaction signals.

After issuing a combat order and organizing interaction, the platoon commander gives instructions on ensuring the march, protection against high-precision and incendiary weapons, organizes the replenishment of missiles, ammunition, fuel and food to the established standards and checks the readiness of the platoon to perform a combat mission and reports to the battalion (company) commander.

1. Types of comprehensive support (goals, tasks and content), their brief description

Comprehensive combat support consists in organizing and implementing measures aimed at maintaining the high combat readiness of units, maintaining their combat capability and creating favorable conditions for the successful and timely fulfillment of assigned tasks. It is carried out both in preparation for landing, and during the battle behind enemy lines. Comprehensive support is one of the main duties of commanders and staffs.

Comprehensive combat support of a battalion (company) includes combat, technical and logistic support. It is organized on the basis of the decision of the commander and orders of senior commanders and is carried out by all subunits, and the most complex measures requiring special training of personnel and the use of special equipment are carried out by the relevant units and subunits of special troops and rear.

Economical expenditure of materiel is the most important requirement for subunits operating behind enemy lines.

In order to successfully carry out a combat mission, subunits must use weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosives, vehicles and communications, fuel and food captured in battle. The subunit commander reports to the senior commander about the captured trophies.

1. Types of combat support (goals, tasks and content), their brief description

Under the security of hostilities (battle) means a set of measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for the units to fulfill their tasks. It is organized and carried out continuously, both during preparation and during combat, and is one of the main duties of a commander.

Combat support is organized on the basis of:

instructions from the higher headquarters;

decisions and instructions of the commander based on the availability of forces, means, capabilities and time to carry out activities.

Ensuring combat operations (combat) is subdivided into combat, moral-psychological, technical and rear.

The company and battalion organize the followingkinds combat support:

Intelligence service;

Security;

Electronic warfare (EW);

Tactical disguise;

Engineering support;

Radiation, chemical and biological protection (RCBZ).

Security is organized and carried out in order to:

to prevent the penetration of enemy reconnaissance into the area of ​​operation (disposition) of friendly troops;

exclude a sudden attack on them by a ground enemy;

provide protected units (subunits) with time and favorable conditions for deployment (combat readiness) and entry into battle.

The main tasks of security are:

organization and performance of combat duty;

warning protected troops of the immediate threat and danger of an attack by a ground enemy;

identification, defeat and destruction of the enemy's reconnaissance forces and means, his sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations;

conducting combat operations in front of the front, on the flanks and in the rear of subunits with forward detachments, infiltrating enemy groups, irregular armed formations and providing conditions for the deployment and entry into battle of the main forces and reserves;

ensuring traffic safety;

implementation of the access control.

Electronic warfare (EW) is being organizedand is carried out in order to:

reducing the effectiveness of the use of weapons, military equipment and electronic means of the enemy;

weapons protection and military equipment from technical means of reconnaissance of the enemy;

ensuring the stability of the systems and means of command and control of their troops and weapons.

tactical disguise in the company is organized and carried out in order to reduce the vulnerability of units and achieve surprise in their actions.

tasks tactical camouflage in preparation and during the battle are:

achieving secrecy of the activities of their units;

misleading the enemy about the composition, condition, position of the company, its combat capabilities and the concept of upcoming actions.

Engineering support organized and carried out in order to creating conditions for subunits to advance in a timely and covert manner, to deploy and maneuver, to increase the protection of personnel, weapons and equipment from all means of destruction, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy and hinder his actions.

Main tasks engineering support motorized rifle company are:

Engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and objects;

Fortification equipment of positions and occupied areas;

Holding engineering activities on camouflage and protection against high-precision weapons;

Creation of engineering barriers and destruction;

Making passages in barriers, destruction and arranging passages through obstacles;

Equipment and maintenance of crossings over water barriers;

Extraction of water, arrangement and maintenance of water supply points.

Radiation, chemical and biological protection (RCBZ) is organized and implemented with the aim of minimize the losses of subunits and ensure the fulfillment of their tasks when operating in conditions of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, and increase their protection against high-precision and other types of weapons.

The main tasks of the RKhBZ company during the battle are:

Identification and assessment of the scale and consequences of the use of WMD;

Ensuring the protection of personnel from radioactive, poisonous substances and biological agents;

Reduced visibility of units and objects.

1. Tactical properties of the terrain and their brief description

The presence in the troops of highly passable, highly maneuverable equipment makes it possible to perform various combat missions on any terrain. At the same time, various physical and geographical conditions and terrain features affect the combat operations of troops in different ways.

In one case, they can contribute to the success of the troops, and in the other, they can have a negative impact. Combat practice convincingly shows that the same terrain can give more advantages to those who have studied it better and use it more skillfully.

Degree of terrain influence on the organization and conduct of combat is not constant, it changes along with changes in the methods of combat, the development of new means of combat and the emergence of new military equipment in the troops. Modern Combat can be carried out both with the use of only conventional weapons, and with the use of nuclear weapons and other modern means of destruction. The new weapon, having great fire and destructive power, is capable of not only hitting personnel and equipment, but also to a large extent destroying and destroying local items, and sometimes change the terrain, which will lead to a change in its tactical and defensive properties.

At the same time, the nature of the terrain, especially relief elements, as well as artificial and natural local objects, will have a certain effect on the effectiveness of the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction if they are used by the enemy, weakening or strengthening their impact on personnel and equipment. Thus, in modern combat, when studying and assessing the terrain, it is necessary to take into account its protective properties.

Protective properties of the terrain are determined mainly by the nature of the relief and vegetation cover. If a nuclear explosion occurs in an area with large quantity hills and depressions, then the most dangerous will be the slopes of the hills facing the epicenter of the explosion, and the safest will be those facing the opposite direction from the epicenter of the explosion. In this case, the pressure force caused by the shock wave will increase depending on the steepness of the slope. When the steepness of the slope facing the epicenter is 45°, the pressure increases by a factor of 2.5 compared to the pressure on a horizontal surface. The reverse steep slopes of the hills almost completely protect against radiation and light radiation.

Caves, grottoes, mines, adits, tunnels and other underground structures can serve as good natural shelters. Small subunits and soldiers can use relief details (pits, gullies) as well as artificial depressions and hills (ditches, mounds, embankments, etc.) as shelters.

The influence of the terrain on the movement of troops. Terrain properties that facilitate or restrict the movement of various types of military and transport equipment determine the conditions for cross-country ability.

One of the main factors determining the degree of passability of any terrain is the presence of a developed road network and the quality of roads. The main technical characteristics of roads are the width of the carriageway, the pavement material, the quality of road structures through obstacles, and railways- number of tracks, type of traction, number of stations and their characteristics.

The most common road width for two-way traffic(except motorways) 6.5-7.5 m. According to the nature of the surface, motor roads are divided into paved roads (highways, improved dirt roads) and roads on natural soil (country, field, forest).

The more developed the network of roads and the higher their class, the more accessible the area for the actions of troops. The importance of the road network is especially great in wooded-marshy, mountainous and desert areas. Under these conditions, the road network has a great influence not only on cross-country ability, but also on the speed of movement of troops, the speed of maneuver in battle, and the choice of movement routes.

Off-road passability depends mainly on the nature of the relief, soil and vegetation cover, the presence and nature of rivers and lakes, the season and weather conditions. The best terrain off-road has an open flat or hilly terrain.

The influence of the relief on the passability of the terrain is determined by the degree of its dissection, the nature and location of typical forms and the steepness of the slopes. The most significant natural obstacles to the movement of troops outside the roads are ravines, gullies, cliffs, cuts and embankments, as well as hills and depressions with steep slopes. The possible and permissible speed of movement of pedestrians and vehicles depends on the steepness of the slopes.

A significant obstacle to the movement of all types of combat and transport vehicles are swamps, wetlands and salt marshes. According to the patency of the swamps are divided into passable, difficult and impassable. The passability of swamps depends on the degree of their moisture, the thickness of the peat layer and the nature of the vegetation. The permeability of wet solonchaks depends on the thickness of the solonchak layer and the degree of its salinity.

In the southern steppe and semi-steppe regions, there are areas of terrain with soil abundantly saturated with salt. Such areas, which have poor vegetation and are covered with a crust or salt outcrops, are called salt marshes. Salt marshes are wet and dry. Wet solonchaks (shors) are viscous, wet sandy-clay soil with sparse vegetation and are a serious obstacle to the movement of wheeled and caterpillar vehicles. As a rule, during the period of high moisture content of marshes and salt marshes, they become impassable for wheeled vehicles and impassable for caterpillar vehicles.

The assessment of the passability of the terrain and soils must be linked to the specific climatic conditions of a particular region. In winter, at temperatures below 0 °, the permeability of soils improves significantly. Swamps, impassable in summer, can serve as convenient routes for the movement and actions of troops in winter.

The terrain is greatly affected by forests. The main characteristics of the forest are determined by the species of trees, their age, thickness, height and planting density.

Camouflage properties of the terrain are determined by the presence of natural shelters formed by the relief and local objects, as well as the general character of the area and the color of its main background. The most favorable conditions for camouflage are created in the forest and on rough terrain. So, for example, in a dense forest with an average distance between trees of up to 6 m and a crown density of 1 - 0.5 m, all objects are hidden by natural masks.

When evaluating the conditions of observation and camouflage of any terrain, first of all, it is determined to what extent the relief and local objects favor or limit the view. Depending on this, the area is divided into open, semi-closed and closed.

The open area is devoid of natural masks formed by landforms and local objects, or they occupy no more than 10%. Such a terrain allows almost its entire area to be viewed from command heights, which creates good conditions for observing the battlefield, but makes it difficult to camouflage and hide from observation and shelling. Therefore, it is advantageous to have an open area in front of the front line of defense, since this will provide good observation of the actions of the enemy and will make it possible to better hit him with fire from all types of weapons.

The terrain with hilly or flat relief (rarely mountainous), where natural masks occupy about 20% of the area, is classified as semi-enclosed. The presence of natural masks provides good camouflage of units when deployed in place. However, about 50% of the area of ​​such terrain is visible from command heights.

Closed terrain allows you to view less than 25% of its area. This creates good conditions for camouflage and shelter from enemy fire, but makes it difficult to control the unit in battle, navigate the battlefield and interact. As a result, in the forest, for example, the combat formation of a subunit during an offensive is built differently than in open areas. Here, the control of the unit with the help of observed signals is very difficult, so the intervals between soldiers are significantly reduced.

1. Basic rules for maintaining a commander's work card

The topographic map has been and remains a reliable guide to unfamiliar terrain. With the help of the map, you can quickly and accurately determine your location, indicate the detected targets, and confidently maintain a given or intended route of movement.

The importance of the map as a means of orientation has especially increased in modern combat, when subunits move quickly over long distances day and night, and often act independently in solving many combat missions.

The equipment of military and special vehicles with ground navigation equipment does not detract from the significance of the map. This equipment is used in conjunction with a topographic map, and does not replace it.

When orienting on the ground, subunit commanders usually use topographic maps at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:100,000.

Orientation on the terrain on the map includes orienting the map, comparing it with the terrain and determining your location (standing points)

A map of the area is a drawing on which the most characteristic local objects, as well as individual elements of the relief, are plotted with approximate accuracy.

Local objects are depicted on the diagram by topographic symbols, elevations and depressions (heights, basins) - by several closed horizontal lines, and ridges and hollows - by fragments of horizontal lines that outline the configuration of these landforms. At the same time, in order to speed up the work, the outlines of the conventional signs of some local objects are simplified.

Terrain schemes drawn up by techniques

visual survey. For visual survey, you must have a compass, a target line, a pencil, an elastic band and a blank sheet of paper, reinforced on a rigid basis (a piece of cardboard, plywood, etc.). In some cases, when shooting needs to be done quickly and does not require special care, it can be done with only a pencil and paper.

Let us consider some methods of visual survey used in the preparation of terrain maps.

Shooting from one standing point is used when it is required to show a small area of ​​terrain located directly around the standing point or in a given sector on the drawing. In this case, shooting is performed by the circular sighting method in this sequence.

A standing point is applied to a sheet of paper so that the area to be removed fits on this sheet. For example, if we are standing in the center of the area being filmed, then the standing point should be marked in the center of the sheet of paper; if we stand in one of the corners or on the edge of the site, then the dot on the paper should be placed in the corresponding corner or on the edge of the sheet of paper. Then, having oriented a sheet of paper relative to the area to be filmed, they fix it on some object (stump, bridge railing, trench parapet) and, without knocking down the position of the sheet, they shoot.

If you have to work holding a sheet of paper in your hand, then first draw the server-south direction on it. To do this, orienting a sheet of paper relative to the area to be filmed, put a compass on it, release the arrow brake and, when the arrow calms down, draw a line parallel to the compass needle. In the future, make sure that the direction of the compass needle exactly coincides with the drawn north-south line. When it is necessary to orient the drawing again, for example, after a break in work, a compass is applied to it so that the divisions 0 ° (N) and 180 ° (S) coincide with the drawn north-south direction, then rotate the drawing until the northern end of the arrow the compass will not rise against the 0 ° division (C). In this position, the drawing will be oriented, and you can continue working on it.

In order to put this or that object on the drawing, after orienting the sheet, it is necessary to attach a ruler (pencil) to the standing point indicated on it and turn it around the point until the direction of the ruler coincides with the direction of the object. Three such positions of the ruler draw a straight line along it from the standing point; this line will be the direction in which the object drawn on the diagram is located. So sequentially point the ruler at all other objects and draw directions for each of them.

Then the distances to the objects are determined and they are laid out in the corresponding directions from the standing point on the scale of the drawing or approximately, keeping the approximate ratio of these distances on the drawing and on the ground. The points obtained in the directions will indicate the location of objects in the drawing. In places of points draw conventional signs applied objects, in relation to which the rest of the terrain details are visually applied, located directly near the standing point, as well as located between the applied landmarks or near them. On the map of the area, individual trees, bushes by the road, a section of an improved dirt road, ruins, a pit, etc., are marked in this way.

Shooting from multiple standing points is performed when a relatively large area of ​​the area needs to be shown.

In this case, local objects are applied to the drawing by serifs, by measuring the distance, along the alignment, by the method of circular sighting, by the method of perpendiculars (see Section 5.2).

When preparing for shooting, it is necessary to fix a sheet of paper on which the shooting will be carried out on a solid base (tablet). A compass is attached to the same base so that the north-south line on the compass scale is approximately parallel to one of the sides of the tablet or sheet of paper.

For the speed and convenience of postponing distances measured in steps, it is necessary to make a scale of steps. Such a scale is built on a separate strip of paper or on the margin of the sheet on which the survey is being made.

The scale of steps is built like this. Assume that the survey is carried out on a scale of 1:10000, i.e. 1 cm in the drawing corresponds to 100 m on the ground. The value of one pair of steps of the surveyor is 1.5 m. Therefore, 100 pairs of steps are equal to 150 m on the ground or 1.5 cm in the drawing. A segment of 1.5 cm is laid on a straight line three, four or more times. Against the second division on the left, the number 0 is signed, and against subsequent divisions, the numbers 100, 200, 300, etc. Against the leftmost (first) division they sign: 100 pairs of steps. Thus, a step scale is obtained, each large division of which corresponds to 100 pairs of steps. In order for distances to be plotted with greater accuracy, the leftmost segment is divided into 10 small divisions of 1.5 mm, each of which will be equal to 10 pairs of steps.

With such a scale, there is no need to convert pairs of steps into meters each time; it is enough to postpone the number of pairs of steps passed on the scale to get the distance on the survey scale, which is applied to the drawing.

The survey is carried out bypassing the site along the roads, the river bank, the edge of the forest, along the communication line, etc. The directions along which the survey is carried out are called running lines, and the points at which the directions of new running lines are determined and drawn are stations.

1. The procedure and content of issuing a commander's work card (show with a diagram)

Topographic maps are widely used by commanders and staffs of all levels to solve various problems related to the actions of troops on the ground. On the map, they study and evaluate the terrain, navigate the terrain, determine the coordinates of positions and targets, and perform various engineering and technical calculations.

The work card is topographic map, on which the commander (chief, staff officer), using graphic symbols and signatures, displays the tactical or special situation and its change during the battle. By working map the commander studies and assesses the situation, makes a decision, sets tasks for subordinates, organizes interaction, issues target designation, and reports on the course of hostilities. This shows the role and significance of the map as a means of controlling units in battle.

Unit commanders usually work with topographic maps at a scale of 1: 50,000 or 1: 100,000. settlements- plans of cities on a scale of 1: 10,000 or 1: 25,000. Topographic maps of the unit are provided by higher headquarters. The commanders of platoons, companies and their peers receive cards at the headquarters of the battalion (division) in advance or simultaneously with the assignment of combat missions to them.

Preparing the map for work includes familiarization with the map, gluing its sheets and folding the glued map.

Familiarization with the map consists in understanding its characteristics: scale, height of the relief section, year of publication, direction correction, as well as the location of the map sheet in the coordinate zone. Knowledge of these (characteristics) allows you to get an idea of ​​the geometric accuracy and detail of the map, the degree of its compliance with the terrain, and the scale and year of publication, in addition, you need to know to indicate in the documents developed on the map.

The height of the relief section, the year of publication, the direction correction may not be the same for various sheets cards. When gluing several sheets, these data may be cut off or glued, so it is advisable to write them on the back of each card sheet. You should remember the distance on the ground corresponding to 1 cm on the map, the steepness of the slopes when laying 1 cm or 1 mm, the distance on the ground between the lines of the coordinate grid. All this greatly facilitates the work with the map.

On each sheet of the map of the area of ​​operations, the units raise the signatures of the coordinate lines (nine signatures evenly spaced throughout the sheet). They are usually circled in black circles with a diameter of 0.8 cm and shaded yellow. In this case, when targeting in a combat vehicle, it is not necessary to unfold the gluing of maps. When using maps located at the junction of coordinate zones, it is necessary to establish which zone grid should be used, if necessary, apply an additional grid of the adjacent zone to the corresponding map sheet.

1. The essence and content of command and control; requirements for it

The essence of command and control consists in the purposeful activity of commanders, headquarters and other command and control bodies to maintain the combat readiness and combat readiness of troops, prepare combat operations and guide them in the performance of assigned tasks.

primary goalmanagement is to ensure the maximum efficiency of the use of subordinate troops with the least losses in solving assigned tasks in battle on time and in any situation.

The guidance documents define 11 tasks that reveal management content :

Maintaining high combat and mobilization readiness of troops;

Continuous acquisition, collection, study, display, analysis and evaluation of situational data;

Making decisions;

Bringing tasks to subordinates;

Combat planning;

Organization and maintenance of interaction;

Organization and holding of events for all types of support;

Management of the preparation of subordinate authorities, troops;

Organization and provision of sustainable operation of the management system;

Direct control of the actions of troops in the performance of combat missions;

Organization and implementation of control and assistance to subordinate headquarters and troops;

Maintaining a high moral and psychological state of the personnel and other activities.

Requirements for command and control

Sustainability control is one of the main requirements, taking into account which the entire control system in modern combat is built and functions. The stability of command and control presupposes the ability of command and control agencies to perform their functions sufficiently effectively in any situation, including under conditions of active enemy influence on the command and control system.

Stability of control should be considered as a complex characteristic of the control system, including such properties as survivability, noise immunity and technical reliability.

continuity management - providing the command and headquarters with the opportunity to constantly influence the course of hostilities, that is, to bring the combat mission to subordinates in a timely manner (orders , orders), and receive from them information about the current situation.

Efficiency of management - this is the ability of the command and staff to solve tasks in a timely manner that provides preemption of the enemy, quickly respond to changes in the situation and in a timely manner influence the course of hostilities.

Stealth control - lies in the ability to keep secret from the enemy the main measures for the preparation and conduct of combat, as well as the position, state and functioning of all elements of the command and control system.

Management efficiency is achieved by the validity of the decisions made and the conformity with the purpose of hostilities; the optimality of the developed solution; the accuracy of the calculations.

1. The order of work of the commander after receiving a combat mission. The content of the commander's decision to fight

As a rule, the company (battalion) commander begins work on organizing the battle with the receipt of a combat order (combat, preliminary combat order) or after the battalion (regiment) commander announces the decision to fight. The sequence of this work can be carried out in the following order:

Studying and understanding the received task;

Production time calculation;

Orienting subordinates about the task received and the activities that need to be carried out immediately;

Assessment of the situation and development of the battle plan;

- report and approval of the plan by the senior boss, giving instructions for further work;

- bringing preliminary combat orders to subordinates;

- consideration and approval of the ideas of subordinates;

Completion of decision-making (determination of combat missions, basic issues of interaction, comprehensive support and control;

Report and approval of the decision by the senior manager;

Conducting reconnaissance;

Setting tasks for subordinates;

- consideration and approval of decisions of subordinates;

Battle planning;

Consideration and approval of planning documents;

Organization of interaction, giving instructions on comprehensive support and management;

Practical work on the preparation of subordinate units;

Report to the senior boss on the readiness to perform the task received.

Having understood the task, assessed the situation and taking into account the results of the calculations, the commander alone makes a decision.

A decision to engage in combat (actions) is understood to mean the commander's final plan of action for the fulfillment of the assigned task, which determines in general terms the procedure for using the available forces and means. It should answer questions about what, where, when, how and to whom to do, in order to achieve the task with the least expenditure of forces and means.

In the decision, the company (battalion) commander determines:

Action plan;

Combat tasks for units;

The main issues of interaction, comprehensive support and management.

In the combat order, the battalion (company) commander indicates:

in the first paragraph - brief conclusions from the assessment of the enemy,

in the second paragraph - the combat composition and tasks of the battalion (company);

in the third paragraph - the tasks performed in the interests of the battalion (company) by the forces and means of the senior commander;

in the fourth paragraph - the tasks of neighbors and interacting units;

in the fifth paragraph - after the word "decided" the plan of the battle is brought;

in the sixth paragraph - after the word "I order" combat missions are set for units with clarification of their combat strength, forces and means of reinforcement, the procedure for their reassignment, the allocated number of missiles and ammunition;

in the seventh paragraph - the places and time of deployment of command posts and the procedure for transferring control;

in the eighth paragraph - the time of readiness for battle.

Making a decision. As the decision is made, everything that can be displayed graphically, the battalion commander, together with the chief of staff, and the company commander independently puts on the map.

1. Nuclear weapon. Physical foundations of nuclear weapons. Types of nuclear explosions, characteristics of the damaging effects of nuclear explosions

Isotopes of uranium and plutonium:

The minimum mass of fissile material at which a chain fission process can proceed under given conditions is called critical mass.

- the reaction of fusion of light nuclei. Occurs if the kinetic energy of the nuclei is sufficient to overcome the forces of mutual repulsion between them

The fusion reaction of deuterium and tritium in nuclear charges ensures the maximum release of energy.

Nuclear charges in which the main source of energy is the fission reaction of nuclei of heavy elements are called atomic.

Nuclear charges in which the main source of energy is the fusion reaction of light elements are called thermonuclear.

TNT equivalent nuclear warhead is called the mass of TNT, the explosion of which releases the same energy as the explosion of this ammunition.

Less than 1 kt - extra small
From 1 to 10 kt - small
From 10 to 100 kt - medium
From 100 kt to 1 Mt - large
More than 1 MT - extra large

ground nuclear explosion - near the surface of the earth.
Air- in air with a density close to normal. Subdivided into high(more than 10 km) and low.
Navodny- to destroy surface ships and submarines in a floating position.
Underwater- to destroy submarines in a submerged position, destroy mine anti-submarine barriers.
Underground- below the surface of the earth. For the destruction of underground structures, dams, runways

The explosion begins from the moment of initiation of the chain process of fission of heavy nuclei, and as a result of the release of intranuclear energy, the entire charge is heated and turns into a high-temperature plasma, which at the initial t = becomes a source of long-wavelength X-ray radiation.

1. Chemical weapon. Classification and characteristics of agents, methods of using chemical weapons

Chemical weapon- weapon, damaging effect which is based on the use of combat toxic chemical substances(BTHV).

poisonous substances- toxic chemicals.
toxins- poisonous proteins of microbial, animal or plant origin. Phytotoxins– pesticides for the destruction of agricultural crops and dropping leaves from trees

Basic states– vapor, not settling fine aerosol, settling coarse aerosol, drops.

Penetration methods- through the respiratory organs, skin, stomach, mucous membranes of the eyes, wounds.

Impact on the sense organs - disrupt the work of the respiratory organs, etc.

Divide on the:

nerve gases

blistered skin

general poisonous

suffocating

psychogenic

emetic and irritating

Tactically:

deadly

temporarily incapacitating (2-5 days)

short-term incapacitating (2-5 hours)

According to the duration of chemical contamination of the area:

• intermediate (a few minutes - a few hours)

  unstable

means applications of BTXV are ammunition and military devices.
Ammunition- chemical artillery shells, aerial bombs and cartridges, warheads of tactical missiles, mines, land mines.
Devices– reusable: combat aircraft devices, mechanical aerosol generators

Objects for applying chemical strikes:

• control points

Tasks to be solved:

defeat of manpower: necessary means of delivery, massive blows

conditions that hinder the actions of troops: it is possible to use a single weapon

Remedies:

timely notification l / s

means of individual and collective protection

education and regular training

When hit:
At the warning signal or on your own, immediately put on a gas mask and a protective raincoat, use protective equipment. If chemicals come into contact with open areas of the body and clothing, immediately treat the infected areas with individual anti-chemical agents.

1. Tasks and methods of conducting reconnaissance in combined arms combat

Reconnaissance is organized and conducted under any conditions of the situation in order to obtain information about the enemy and the terrain in the area of ​​forthcoming operations. The main requirements for reconnaissance are purposefulness, continuity, activity, efficiency, secrecy, reliability and accuracy in determining the coordinates of reconnaissance objects (targets).

The obtained information is transferred to the commander (chief), who set the task of conducting reconnaissance. Particularly important information is reported immediately.

reconnaissance patrol(RD) - is exhibited, as a rule, as part of a reconnaissance platoon, and from a reconnaissance detachment, in addition, as part of the MSV (TV). The RD operates at a distance of up to 15 km from its bases, and the one sent from the reconnaissance detachment - up to 10 km from its main forces.

Removal of patrols during operations at night, in the city is usually reduced.

The platoon assigned to the RD, if necessary, can be reinforced by engineer-sappers and one or two reconnaissance chemists.

Patrols conduct reconnaissance with patrol squads, observers and foot patrols. Intelligence information is obtained by observation, eavesdropping, reconnaissance ambushes, raids, interviewing local residents, interrogating prisoners, studying documents, weapons and equipment of the enemy.

Tasks of the reconnaissance patrol

The tasks of the RD are:

determining the coordinates of the means of using weapons of mass destruction (this is the primary task of intelligence officers in any situation);

conducting surveillance of the enemy and the terrain, of the actions of friendly units and neighbors in the indicated sectors and lanes of observation, in the direction and lanes of reconnaissance operations;

identification of gaps, joints, open flanks in the enemy's battle formation or his weakly defended sectors;

detection of the enemy, determination of the areas of his location of his forces, composition, groupings, nature of actions, intentions, combat capability, numbering of units and subunits;

establishing the exact position of command posts, communication centers, radio equipment, fire weapons, tanks (infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, armored personnel carriers), artillery, mortars, OB vehicles and other types of weapons;

intelligence service defensive structures and engineering-chemical barriers;

study of the nature and protective properties of the terrain, relief, natural obstacles, the condition of roads, bridges, water barriers, areas of upcoming actions and the influence of the terrain on the database of units;

capture of new models of enemy weapons and military equipment in order to study their combat qualities and effectiveness of combat use.

The commander who organizes or conducts reconnaissance always performs the indicated tasks both in the interests of his combat mission and in the interests of the combat mission of the senior commander (chief).

1. Place and tasks of units when deployed on the spot (show the layout of the platoon on the ground)

The deployment of troops on the spot is organized by decision of the senior commander. Location area is usually assigned to areas that have natural shelters: forests, groves, hollows, ravines, workings, which make it possible to ensure the secrecy of the placement of units and subunits. This requirement is of particular importance given the increased possibilities aerial reconnaissance, as well as the likelihood of the enemy using nuclear weapons and reconnaissance and strike systems. In addition, the location area should provide the necessary dispersal of troops, opportunities for maneuver in the right direction, ease of accommodation and recreation for personnel, favorable sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic conditions.

In addition to the main area, a reserve location area is assigned, where subunits can be withdrawn in the event of an immediate threat of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy in the occupied area or in the event of sudden strikes by them with precision-guided nuclear weapons, as well as incendiary means.

Motorized rifle and tank companies are located in the areas specified by them, usually along the advance routes, using the protective and camouflaging properties of the terrain. As shelters for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, ravines, beams, pits of developments and quarries, excavations are used. In the forest, it is advisable to place tanks and other combat vehicles along clearings and forest roads under the crowns of dense trees. Units should not be located under power lines, near gas and oil pipelines.

Direct security organized on a battalion scale and in companies. In the battalion, it includes paired patrols and constant duty of observers at the battalion command and observation post. In addition, a duty unit is assigned, usually as part of a platoon. It is located in the place indicated by the battalion commander and is in constant readiness to destroy enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups and perform other suddenly arising tasks, as well as to extinguish fires in the location area and near it. In a company, direct security is carried out by patrolling around the area where the company is located and by the constant duty of observers at the company's command and observation post. In addition, a daily outfit is assigned to protect personnel, weapons and military equipment.

To outpost include guard detachments, outposts, guard posts, secrets. The number, composition, and removal of security subunits are determined by the removal and nature of enemy operations, the importance of the guarded sector, the time required for the deployment of guarded troops, the nature of the terrain, and the conditions of observation. Guard detachments and outposts are set up by order of the senior commander, guard posts and secrets constitute the outposts of the battalion.

1. The sequence of engineering equipment of a platoon stronghold in the defense

The engineering equipment of a strong point is one of the tasks of combat engineering support, a set of measures taken to adapt the terrain for combat, create conditions conducive to the successful fulfillment of combat missions by one's own troops, hinder the conduct of hostilities by the enemy and reduce the effectiveness of the impact of his weapons. The stability of the defense and, in general, the fulfillment of the combat mission depend on the skillful use of the terrain and its engineering equipment.

The engineering equipment of a strong point includes the excavation of trenches, trenches, communication passages for the personnel of subunits, the equipment of the main and reserve firing positions of combat vehicles, other fire weapons, a command and observation post, blocked slots, dugouts, engineering barriers and camouflage. It begins immediately after determining the positions of subunits and fire weapons, i.e., simultaneously with the organization of the fire system, and is carried out in a sequence that ensures the constant readiness of subunits to repel an offensive, covertly, with full effort and maximum use of mechanization and local building materials.

When organizing defense in conditions of direct contact with the enemy in the stronghold of a motorized rifle platoon, first of all, single (paired) trenches are opened for firing from machine guns, machine guns, anti-tank grenade launchers, which are interconnected into trenches for a squad, trenches for infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers, tanks ) in the main positions, as well as the command and observation post of the platoon commander.
Secondly, trenches for squads in the company stronghold are connected by a continuous trench, trenches are opened at spare (temporary) firing positions for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) and other fire weapons, as well as communication passages to the firing positions of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) , covered slots (dugouts) are arranged for each compartment (crew). In the future, a dugout is arranged at the command and observation post of the platoon commander, and if there is time, a communication path to the rear is opened, which adapts to firing, after which the improvement and development of all engineering equipment of the stronghold continues.

In the stronghold of a tank platoon, first of all, trenches for tanks are opened at the main firing positions, the area is cleared to improve conditions for observation and firing. Secondly, trenches are opened at spare firing positions, dugouts are arranged for each crew, and, if necessary, niches (cellars) for ammunition.
In the absence of direct contact with the enemy and when the situation allows, earth-moving machines and bulldozer equipment are used to excavate trenches, communications, trenches for tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers).
All positions must be prepared for protection against incendiary weapons and carefully camouflaged, for which local materials and personnel are used.
The platoon commander personally manages the engineering equipment of the strong point, maintaining the constant readiness of the platoon to repel an enemy attack.

1. Tactical standards of units (MSO, MSV, MSR, MSB) in a defensive battle (front and depth of defense)

MSO indicators MRV(tv) MSR(tr) SME(tb)

DEFENSE (km)

Position width, GP, ROP, area up to 0.1; up to 0.4; 1-1.5; 3-5

Depth of battle formation - up to 0.3; up to 1; 2-2.5

Removal of outposts - - - up to 2

Removal of CNP from the leading edge - 0.2; up to 0.8; up to 2

Removal of OP min batr from ROP of the first echelon - - - 0.5

1. Tactical standards of subunits (MSO, MSV, MSR, MSW) in offensive combat (offensive front and depth of combat missions)

TACTICAL STANDARDS IN THE OFFENSIVE

indicators		battalion
offensive front
Breakout width
Removing expectant
Deletion expectantly
district
Deleting original
Deleting the original
Deployment milestone
in battalion columns
Deployment milestone
in company columns
Deployment milestone
in platoon columns
Line of attack
landing line
for cars
Deleting command
Removing the second
echelon (reserve)
The pace of advance

1. Organization and armament of the US MPB (to the platoon). TTX "Bradley"

Headquarters 22 people, two BMP M2 "Bradley" and three command and staff vehicles (KShM) M577A1.

The headquarters company (345) includes a control section (6, two KShM M577A1) and six platoons:

reconnaissance (30, control of two BRM MZ and two reconnaissance sections of two BRM MZ each)

mortar (36, control on two M966 vehicles and two mortar sections, in each KShM M577A1 and three 106.7-mm self-propelled mortars)

communications (13, control and two sections - radio and wired communications)

medical (49, five armored personnel carriers M113A1, control, point of the first medical care and the evacuation section, which has eight M113A1 armored personnel carriers)

support (125, 58 vehicles, control on the M577A1 KShM and three sections - transport, refueling and food supply)

repair (86, management and eight sections - administrative, repair, technical support, four sections of the technical support of motorized arable companies and one - anti-tank)

In total, there are 367 people in the headquarters and headquarters company, 2 BMP M2 Bradley, 6 BRM MZ, 6 106.7-mm self-propelled mortars, 22 7.62-mm M60 light machine guns, 15 armored personnel carriers M113A1, 8 KShM M577A1.

A motorized infantry company (116) consists of a command and three motorized infantry platoons.

There are 11 people in the department (including the company command), BMP M2 "Bradley" and armored personnel carrier M113A1.

A motorized infantry platoon (35) has a control section (eight people and an M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle) and three motorized infantry squads, each with nine people (squad commander, his deputy, gunner - BMP operator, driver, operator of the Dragon ATGM launcher, machine gunner, two submachine gunners, grenade launcher) and BMP M2 Bradley.

In total, the company has 13 M2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles, M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 9 Dragon ATGM launchers, 9 M60.18 7.62-mm machine guns, 5.56-mm M249 machine guns, 74 5.56-mm M16A1 automatic rifles, 18 40 mm RPG M203 and other weapons.

An anti-tank company (65) includes a control (three people and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier), three anti-tank platoons: each 20 people, a control (four people and an M113A1 armored personnel carrier), two anti-tank sections of two crews (each has four people and a self-propelled ATGM "Toy" M901).

There are 12 in total anti-tank systems, 4 armored personnel carriers and other weapons.

In general, judging by the reports of the foreign press, there are 896 people in the motorized infantry battalion, including 47 officers, 54 BMP M2 Bradley, 6 BRM MZ, 6 106.7-mm self-propelled mortars, 12 self-propelled ATGM "Toy" M901 , 23 M113A1 armored personnel carriers, 8 M577A1 KShM, 36 Dragon ATGM launchers, 70 7.62-mm and 42 12.7-mm machine guns, 114 vehicles, about 250 radio stations and other weapons.

TTX BMP "bradley"

Armament M2 "Bradley" consists of:

25 mm M242 "Bushmaster" cannon, 7.62 mm M240C machine gun, TOW ATGM launcher and six fixed 5.56 mm M231 FPW assault rifles.

Coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun M240C

ATGM "TOW"

Means of observation and communication

The external communications equipment installed on the M2 Bradley depends on the position of the infantry fighting vehicle in the unit hierarchy: an AN / GRC-160 radio station is installed on line vehicles, two AN / GRC-160s on BMPs for platoon commanders, one AN / GRC-160 for company commanders, and one AN/GRC-46. There are two antenna inputs, the first is located on the back of the roof of the tower, the second on the right side of the tower. Internal communication between crew members and the commander of the landing is provided by TPU (tank intercom).

Engine and transmission

The M2 "Bradley" is powered by an eight-cylinder, four-stroke, VTA-903T turbodiesel manufactured by the Cummins Engine Company. Engine power is 500 hp. at 2600 rpm. Torque is 1390 Nm at 2350 rpm.

Armored corps and turret

The body of the M2 "Bradley" is welded, made of aluminum alloy. Booking is differentiated, with different angles of inclination. Combined spaced frontal and side armor - steel + aluminum sheets with filling the gap with polyurethane foam. To increase protection against mines, the bottom is reinforced with a steel sheet. The use of armor aluminum alloy allows to achieve a weight reduction of 10-15% compared to steel armor without losing the level of protection, and due to the greater thickness of aluminum sheets, the rigidity of the hull increases. In the upper frontal part of the infantry fighting vehicles of the first M2 (A0) and A1 series, a flat folding wave-breaker shield was installed, which was eliminated starting with the modification of the A2 machine.

1. Organization and armament of the German MPB (up to a platoon). TTX "Leopard"

The ground forces of Germany have three army corps, four types of divisions: motorized infantry (four), tank (six), mountain infantry and airborne. Motorized infantry and tank divisions consist of divisional units, motorized infantry and tank brigades.

The basis of motorized infantry and tank brigades are motorized infantry battalions of tank brigades, motorized infantry battalions on the Marder BMP of motorized infantry brigades and mixed motorized infantry battalions of motorized infantry brigades, tank battalions of motorized infantry and tank brigades and mixed tank battalions of tank brigades.

A mixed motorized infantry battalion of a motorized infantry brigade battalions (Fig. 1) organizationally consists of a headquarters, a tank and supply company, two motorized infantry companies on the BMP "Marder" and a tank company.

The composition of the motorized infantry battalion of the Bundeswehr

Picture 1

Name		Name
Lich. compound
BMP "Marder"
Tank “Leopard 1-2”
PU ATGM "Milan"		AVT Screw MG
		Pist “Walter” 9mm

The headquarters and supply company includes platoons: reconnaissance, repair, supply, as well as three departments: wheeled and tracked vehicles, communications, medical. There are 184 people in the company, the Marder infantry fighting vehicle - 2, the M113 armored personnel carrier - 5 (three of them are sanitary), 44-mm RPG - 25, machine guns - 10, vehicles - 50 and other military equipment.

A motorized infantry company on the Marder infantry fighting vehicle, in addition to the control department, includes three motorized infantry platoons and a motorized infantry squad. The company has over 100 personnel, Marder infantry fighting vehicles - 11, Milan ATGM launchers - 6, 44-mm grenade launchers - 8, 40-mm anti-tank grenade launchers - 7, and other military equipment.

A motorized infantry platoon on the BMP "Marder" consists of a control group and two motorized infantry squads. The number of platoon - 27 people. There are 10 personnel in each squad: squad leader, assistant squad leader, Marder BMP driver, BMP gunner, machine gunner, Milan ATGM operator, grenade launcher, grenade launcher assistant, two gunners. Armament and combat equipment of the squad: BMP “Marder” - 1, 44-mm RPG “Panzerfaust” - 1, 7.62-mm single machine gun MG - 1, 7.62-mm automatic rifles MG-3 - 5, 9-mm pistols “Walter” - 5.

There are three tank platoons in a tank company (each has four Leopard-1 or Leopard-2 tanks). The company has about 60 personnel and 13 tanks, 1 44-mm RPG, 2 vehicles.

TTX Leopard

Combat weight, t42.4

Crew, people 4

Specific power, hp/t 19.6

Specific ground pressure, kg/cm2 0.87

Maximum speed on the highway, km/h64

Obstacles, m

Wading depth, without preparation 1.2

with partial training 2.25

Power reserve on the highway, km 600

Gun, caliber (type) 105 (NP)

Ammunition, piece 60

Armor penetration of shells, mm/60°

sub-caliber (D=2 km) Up to 120

cumulative Up to 200

Machine guns, number xcaliber 2x7.62

Ammunition, piece 60

The thickness and slope of the forehead. armor, mm/deg

tower (casting) 162/30 + screens

housing 100/60

Engine type 4-stroke diesel

brand MB-838 Ca M-500

power, hp 830

Fuel tank capacity, l 1007

Transmission brand 4HP-2500

number of gears, forward/reverse 4/2

type mech-ma turn Differentials

1. Mine-explosive barriers, their purpose and characteristics. TTX mines TM-62M

Mine-explosive barriers designed to delay the advance of the enemy, hinder his maneuver, inflict losses on him in manpower and equipment, create the most favorable conditions for his troops to defeat the enemy with all types of weapons. They are installed in front of the front positions occupied by subunits and units, on the flanks and in the gaps between them. In addition, engineering barriers cover command posts, position areas of missile units, and other important objects.

Engineering barriers are used in all types of combat and are installed

combined with natural obstacles and a fire system.

Engineering barriers are being created along the lines and in directions. They are

should be unexpected for the enemy, resistant to all types of fire

impact and not hamper the maneuver of troops.

According to the purpose, the barriers are divided into:

Anti-tank (anti-tank minefields, groups of mines, separate

anti-tank mines, explosive charges, non-explosive barriers);

Anti-personnel (anti-personnel and mixed minefields, explosive charges,

booby traps, non-explosive anti-personnel and combined barriers);

Anti-vehicle (mine-explosive barriers installed on

railway and automobile roads, bridges, tunnels, and in other places, and

also blockages, gouges, and other non-explosive barriers);

Antiamphibious barriers are installed on the sea coasts and

Engineering barriers are arranged in the first and second degree

readiness.

The first degree of readiness - the barriers are brought into full combat

readiness: mines are finally equipped and installed, and guided mines and

minefields have been brought into combat condition, the minefield fences have been removed;

non-explosive barriers are fully prepared, passages and crossings through them

closed, destroyed or mined.

Second degree - the barriers are prepared for their quick transfer to

first degree: the mines are finally armed and laid, but the fences are not

removed, guided mines and minefields are in a safe condition,

non-explosive barriers are fully prepared, but passages and crossings through

them are open.

According to the nature of the actions, engineering barriers are divided into:

Mine-explosive (MVZ), which form the basis of all engineering

obstacles and are installed in the form of minefields, groups of mines, separate

min incl. and nuclear.

Non-explosive barriers that are made of earth, concrete, stone,

brick, metal, wood, water, snow and other materials. In my own way

purpose they are divided into anti-tank, anti-personnel. To

anti-tank non-explosive obstacles include: anti-tank ditches, counterscarps,

scarps, gouges, barriers, forest blockages, snow banks, hedgehogs, etc.

Submarine non-explosive barriers are portable and permanent. portable

barriers are mainly used to quickly close passages,

destroyed sections of barriers, as well as in cases where the construction

other barriers are difficult. These include inconspicuous wire

nets, barbed and smooth wire garlands, spirals, slingshots

Permanent anti-personnel barriers include:

Wire nets on high and low stakes.

Wire fences.

Wire in a sketch.

Silks and loops.

Notches in the forest, etc.

The location of non-explosive barriers should not be patterned. At

the device of such barriers in them leave passages for the passage of their

troops, and to quickly close them, they prepare the required number of mines or

portable barriers.

In addition to mine-explosive and non-explosive barriers, they also arrange

combined barriers, which are a combination of PT and PP

non-explosive obstacles or this combination with the strengthening of mine-explosive

barriers, as well as signaling devices.

When installing such barriers, measures must be taken that

would rule out the defeat of their troops.

Minefields are anti-tank, anti-personnel and mixed. Them

set in front of the positions of troops, on the flanks and at intervals on

revealed directions of the enemy offensive, as well as to cover

areas where troops and facilities are located.

Minefields are characterized by their size along the front and in depth,

the number of rows of mines and the distance between mines and rows, the consumption of mines per

1 km of the front and the probability of hitting military equipment and railways.

Groups of mines (individual mines) are installed on roads, detours, fords,

roadsides, mountain paths and settlements.

Tactical and technical characteristics of mines

Type of mine…………………………………......anti-track
Housing……………………………………........metal.
Weight……………………………………....…..9.5-10 kg.
Mass of explosive (TNT, TGA, MS)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7-7.5 kg.
Diameter…………………………………...…...32 cm.
Height with MV-62………………………….…....12.8 cm.
Height with MVSh-62……………………….….....100.2 cm.
Target sensor diameter……………………....…9cm.
Sensitivity………………………….......200-500 kg.
Temperature range of application….......-60 --+60 degrees.

1. Minefields, their main characteristics. TTX mines MON-50

According to their purpose, minefields are divided into anti-tank, anti-personnel, and mixed.

In anti-tank minefields, mines are installed in three to four rows with a distance between rows of 20-40 m and between mines in a row of 4-5.5 m for anti-track type TM-62 and 9-12 m for anti-bottom type TMK-2. Their consumption per 1 km of the minefield, respectively, is 750-1000 and 300-400 pieces.

The installation of an anti-tank minefield manually by the method of combat crew is carried out by the subunit outside the fire impact of the enemy. The platoon personnel from the field warehouse bring four mines and line up on the starting line in one line with an interval of 8 steps facing the minefield. At the command of the commander, the entire rank moves forward and carries out mines, for which, having reached the fourth, third and second row, each soldier in each row places one anti-tank mine to his left at a distance of one step, then takes two steps to the right and moves forward next row. Coming to the front row, the soldiers set mines in the ground. In the presence of grass cover, the turf gently turns away. After installation, the mines are carefully masked. Capping from mines and fuses, tools, milestones and pointers must not be left at installation sites.

At the command of the commander, the soldiers, returning back, set mines in the ground in the second, third and fourth rows. Squad leaders check the quality of the installation and the correct equipment of mines. The commander of the right-flank (left-flank) squad, during the installation of mines, marks the boundaries of the mined area with milestones. After the installation of mines, milestones are removed, the unit lines up on the starting line and advances for the next run.

A trained platoon in 10 hours in this way can set 1000 - 1200 minutes.

The installation of an anti-tank minefield with the help of the PMZ-4 minelayer is carried out by a calculation consisting of five numbers. The first number is the operator, who is also the head of the calculation, is on the minelayer, sets the mining step, controls the plow device and monitors the passage of mines in the conveyor. The second, third and fourth numbers are in the back of the car, and they remove the mines from the container, feed them to the receiving tray and the minelayer conveyor. The fifth calculation number is the tractor driver. The mining step is taken equal to 4 or 5.5 m. A three-row minefield with a length of 800 - 1100 m is set by three minelayers in one run. Installation time - 35-40 min.

With the use of minelayers, anti-tank mines can be installed with penetration into the ground or on the surface. The loading of mines into the container is carried out outside the minefield by crews with the involvement of drivers of transport vehicles.

In the course of hostilities, mobile barrier detachments are created from units armed with PM3-4. For one day of battle, they are allocated 3 ammunition (1800) anti-tank mines.

Anti-personnel minefields are established from high-explosive and fragmentation mines. They can be installed in front of anti-tank minefields, in front of non-explosive obstacles or in combination with them, and in areas of terrain inaccessible to mechanized troops.

Along the front, minefields range from several tens to hundreds of meters, and in depth - 10 - 15 meters or more. Minefields can consist of 2 - 4 or more rows with a distance between rows of more than 5 m, and between mines in a row for high-explosive mines - at least 1 m. Consumption per 1 km of a minefield - 2 - 3 thousand min.

Anti-personnel minefields are set by minelayers PM3-4, using vehicles equipped with trays and manually.

When setting mines manually by the method of formation calculation, only high-explosive mines are used. Each soldier lays as many mines in one run as there are rows in the minefield.

The installation of a minefield is carried out similarly to the installation of an anti-tank minefield. The installation of mines in the ground starts from the first row without first posting them. At the command of the commander, the soldiers, having completed the installation of the first row, move on to the second, third and fourth row. The boundaries of visits are marked with milestones, flags, which are rearranged during subsequent visits and removed at the end of the installation. Squad commanders monitor the observance by soldiers of precautionary measures and the correct installation.

For 10 hours, a trained platoon can set 3000 - 4000 minutes.

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Motorized Rifle Company (MSR) is a tactical unit and organizationally part of the motorized rifle battalion (MSB).

MSR, equipped with modern weapons and equipment, has powerful fire, high mobility, maneuverability, armor protection and resistance to enemy weapons of mass destruction.

The MSR, in cooperation with other units of the military branches and special forces, performs the main task of directly destroying the enemy's manpower and firepower in close combat.

The MTS, using the results of conventional and nuclear weapons strikes, skillfully combining fire and movement in the offensive, can:

• rapidly attack the enemy, destroy his manpower, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery, anti-tank and other fire weapons;
• means of nuclear and chemical attack, aircraft, helicopters;
• seize his positions, develop the offensive at a rapid pace, conduct a meeting engagement, form water barriers on the move, repel enemy counterattacks;
• overcome obstacles and destruction, pursue the retreating enemy.

Performing these tasks, the company can be in the first or second echelon of the battalion, in the supply zone or in the forward position, act in the head marching outpost (GPZ), bypassing, special and reconnaissance detachments, form a combined arms reserve or be as a tactical airborne assault.

When leaving the battle and retreating, the company can be assigned to the rear (side) outpost or act as a cover unit. In the defense of the MSR, fire of all means inflicts defeat on the outskirts of leading edge, reflects the attacks of tanks and infantry of the enemy, air strikes and stubbornly holds the occupied strong point.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, there are several types of organizational and staff structure of the MSR.

• MSR on an armored personnel carrier;
• MSR on BMP-2 from the staff of the battalion, in brigade subordination. The MSR has a grenade launcher platoon: three grenade launcher compartments. In total, there are 26 people in the platoon, BMP - 3 units, ATS - 6 units;
• MSR on the BMP-2 (BMP-3) of a separate battalion.

Company management

Total in company management: 3 people.

Company management department

In total, in the department of company management: personnel of 9 people. BMP-2 - 2 units.

In these two BMPs of the company's control in the airborne squad, they transport: a medical instructor and units attached to the company, an ATS-17 squad from the battalion's grenade launcher platoon, a MANPADS squad from the battalion's air defense platoon, a communications squad or several radio operators from the battalion control platoon.

Armament, personnel of the MSR

Personnel and weapons	on BMP	on an armored personnel carrier
Company management
Personnel (people)
ATGM launcher
Automatic grenade launcher easel ATS-17
Machine guns (PKT)
Machine guns (KPVT)
Automatic AK-74M
Automatic AKS-74U
SVD sniper rifle
Light machine gun RPK-74 (PKP "Pecheneg")
RPG-7V grenade launcher
GP-30 grenade launcher
Station short-range reconnaissance SBR-5M1 "Credo-M1"

The company on the BTR-80 includes an anti-tank squad (PTO) - 9 people from the staff of the battalion's grenade launcher platoon. In service with anti-tank weapons:

• anti-tank missile system (ATGM "Metis") on armored personnel carriers 80-3 units;
• AK-74 - 6 units;
• heavy machine gun Vladimirov tank (marking KPVT) - 1 unit;
• tank Kalashnikov machine gun (PKT) - 1 unit.

The company on the BTR-70 has a full-time machine-gun platoon and a full-time anti-tank squad of the Metis ATGM (the loopholes of the BTR-70 are designed only for RPK machine guns).

Motorized Rifle Platoon (MSV) is the smallest tactical unit. It is organizationally part of the MSR and is designed to destroy enemy manpower, as well as its tanks, guns, machine guns and other fire weapons.

The MSV is designed to perform various tactical tasks as part of a company, and in some cases independently (in reconnaissance, in an assault group, in combat, marching, guard guards). A platoon can be assigned to an advanced group from the MSB (MSR) operating in the tactical airborne assault. A motorized rifle platoon may be assigned an anti-tank squad, a flame thrower squad, and a grenade launcher squad.

MSV organizationally consists of:

• from the department of management - 6 people;
• three MCOs - 8 people.

In total, there are 30 people in a platoon.

The management of the MSV includes:

There are 6 people in total. Management moves to BMP departments (2 people each).

Total in MSV for BMP-2:

Motorized Rifle Squad (MSO) can be on infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), armored personnel carriers (APCs) or on armored vehicles of various brands and modifications.

The motorized rifle squad is designed to destroy individual enemy groups, individual enemy firing points and armored targets.

The organizational structure of the MCO on the BMP

	Job title	Military rank	Armament
	Squad leader - combat vehicle commander (KO-KBM)
	Deputy commander of a combat vehicle, gunner-operator (BUT)	corporal
	Driver (MV)
	Machine gunner (P)		RPK-74 (PKP Pecheneg)
	Grenade shooter		RPG-7, AKS-74U
	Senior Gunner (SS)		AK-74M with GP-30
	Shooter(S)		AK-74M with GP-30

In total, there are 8 people in the personnel department.

Armament MSO

Inside the BMP there are places:

• for MANPADS "Strela-2" or "Igla" - 2 pcs.;
• transportable grenade launchers RPG-7V (PG - 7VM) - 5 pcs.;
• reactive anti-tank grenades RPG-22 (RPG-26) - up to 5 pcs;
• manual fragmentation grenade F-1 - 15 pcs.;
• 26 mm SPSh pistol - 1 pc. and 12 rounds;

Placement of the MSO in the BTR-82A
	2. Driver (B) 3. Machine gunner (P) 4. Motorized rifles
Placement of MCOs in BMP-2
	1. Squad commander - combat vehicle commander (KO-KBM) 2. Gunner-operator (BUT) 3. Driver (MV) 4. Motorized rifles
Placement of MCOs in BMP-3
	1. Squad commander - combat vehicle commander (KO-KBM) 2. Gunner-operator (BUT) 3. Driver (MV) 4. Machine gunners (P) 5. Motorized rifles 6. Two additional folding places for motorized riflemen

The organizational structure of the MCO on the BTR-80

No. p / p	Job title	V/rank	Armament
	Art. driver of an armored personnel carrier (St. waters)
	Machine gunner BTR (P)
	Grenade shooter		RPG-7, AKS-74U
	Shooter - assistant grenade launcher (SPG)
	Senior Gunner (SS)		AK-74M with GP-30
	Shooter(S)		AK-74M with GP-30
	Machine gunner BTR (P)		RPK-74 (PKP Pecheneg)
	Sniper (CH)

In total, there are 9 people in the BTR-80 department.

Armament of the MSO on the armored personnel carrier

Ammunition for armament MSV

The composition of the MCP grenade launcher platoon

The grenade launcher platoon has 26 personnel, including the platoon commander. Deputy commander, three squads of 8 people.

Armament of a grenade platoon: BMP - 3 vehicles; AK74 - 20 units; ATS-17 - 6 units.

Introduction

Changes in the military-political situation in modern conditions, a decrease in the level of military confrontation inevitably affects the main components of military construction, including the construction of the Armed Forces. Reformation is underway, the tasks of the branches of the Armed Forces, their structure, organization of formations, formations and units, including internal troops, are being reviewed, taking into account the historically justified principles for the development of the organization of troops, the necessary balance between the composition of formations and units in peacetime and wartime, the composition and the possible nature of the actions of a potential adversary; physical and geographical conditions of strategic and operational areas; economic opportunities of the country.

Modern combined-arms combat is conducted by the combined efforts of all troops participating in it. However the main role in achieving victory in combined arms combat belongs to motorized rifle and tank units. Only they are able to complete the defeat of the enemy and capture his territory. In the interests of fulfilling these tasks, units of other branches of the armed forces are fighting and interacting with them.

Organization and armament of a grenade launcher platoon.

A platoon of automatic grenade launchers is a powerful subdivision of the battalion and is designed to destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons located openly, in trenches (trenches) and behind terrain folds.

Grenade launchers are especially effective in repelling enemy motorized infantry attacks in front of the front line of defense and repelling his counterattacks during the offensive.

It is able to suppress the enemy's manpower in an area up to 1000m 2, to put barrage fire at the turn up to 100m.

To calculate the area of ​​​​continuous destruction, the radius of expansion of grenade fragments is taken, equal to 7m.

Damage area (PR 2) with one grenade launcher is equal to: 3.4 x 7 x 7m = 150m 2.

In battle, a grenade launcher platoon uses two types of fire: concentrated and barrage. Range of fire from 300m to 1700m.

grenade launcher platoon consists of management - 2 people. (platoon commander, deputy platoon commander) and three squads (in each squad leader, two senior grenade launcher gunners, two grenade launcher gunners, an armored personnel carrier machine gunner, a senior driver or driver). In total, in a platoon of personnel - 26 people, 30mm AGS-17 - 6 units, armored personnel carrier - 3 units.

TTX AGS-17 "Flame"

Caliber - 30mm

Firing range - 1700m

Combat rate of fire: max - 350-450 high / min

min - 50 - 100 h/min

Transfer time to combat position - 30-40 seconds

Calculation - 2 people

Ammunition - 200 VOG-17

The gunner of an automatic grenade launcher must:

Know the device, techniques and rules of firing from an automatic grenade launcher and constantly maintain it in combat readiness;

Destroy the detected targets at the command of the squad leader or independently and report on the results of the shooting;

Systematically check the condition of the automatic grenade launcher, carry out its maintenance, immediately eliminate the detected malfunctions and report this to the squad leader;

Know the duties of calculation officials and, if necessary, skillfully fulfill them;

Know the duties of the squad leader and, if necessary, replace him.

Know your weapon, keep it in good condition and be able to fire accurately from it, observe the results of the fire and skillfully adjust it;

Continuously monitor the battlefield and report to the squad leader about detected targets, at the command of the commander, or independently destroy them with fire; observe neighbors and support them with fire;

Be able to use the instruments and mechanisms located in the troop compartment of an infantry fighting vehicle (armored personnel carrier);

In the event of a forced separation from your squad, immediately join the nearest squad and continue the battle in its composition.