Javelin vs "Cornet": which ATGM is worse for tanks. Russian anti-tank systems

Aviation anti-tank missile system "Whirlwind" is designed to destroy armored vehicles, including those equipped with reactive armor, and low-speed air targets flying at speeds up to 800 km/h.

The development of the complex began in 1980 at the Instrument Design Bureau (NPO Accuracy) under the leadership of chief designer A.G. Shipunov. Adopted in 1992.

By the beginning of 2000, the complex was used on the Su-25T anti-tank attack aircraft (Su-25TM, Su-39, suspended up to 16 missiles on two APU-8 launchers) and the Ka-50 Black Shark combat helicopter (suspended up to 12 missiles on two PU).

In 1992, an improved modification of the Vikhr-M rocket was shown for the first time at an exhibition in Farnborough.

There is a variant of the ship complex "Vikhr-K", which includes a 30-mm artillery mount AK-306 and four ATGM "Vikhr" with a firing range of up to 10 km. The Vikhr complex is supposed to equip patrol ships and boats.

In the west, the Whirlwind complex received the designation AT-12 (AT-9).

The Malyutka-2 anti-tank missile system (ATGM) is a modernized version of the 9K11 Malyutka complex and differs from the latter in the use of an improved missile with various types of warheads. Developed at the Kolomna Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering.

The complex is designed to defeat modern tanks and other armored vehicles, as well as engineering structures such as bunkers and bunkers in the absence and presence of natural or organized infrared interference.

Its predecessor, the "Malyutka" complex, one of the first domestic ATGMs, was manufactured for approximately 30 years and is in service in more than 40 countries around the world. Various versions of the complex were and are being produced in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, China, Iran, Taiwan and other countries. Among such copies, one can note the Susong-Po ATGM (DPRK), Kun Wu (Taiwan) and HJ-73 (China). ATGM "Raad" - the Iranian version of the 9M14 "Malyutka" ATGM has been in production since 1961. Iran has also created a tandem cumulative warhead with increased armor penetration for this ATGM, effective against multi-layer armor and armor under dynamic protection. KBM proposes to extend the service life of all previously produced missile variants, regardless of the year and place of their production, by at least 10 years. "Malyutka-2" will allow not to dispose of its predecessors, but to modernize them on the territory of the customer state. At the same time, the penetration of armor of tanks is significantly increased, and the work of the operator is also facilitated by the introduction of noise-immune semi-automatic control. The need to retrain the calculations of the complexes is eliminated, since the principles of control are the same. The cost of modernization is half as compared to the acquisition of a similar new ATGM.

In the west, the complex and its modifications received the designation AT-3 "Sagger".

The complex of guided tank weapons 9K116-1 Bastion

In 1981, into service ground forces The USSR adopted the 9K116 "Kastet" complex with a laser-guided missile fired from a 100-mm barrel anti-tank gun T-12. The complex was developed by the team of the Tula KBP headed by A.G. Shipunov.

Even before the completion of the development of the "Kastet" complex, it was decided to launch the development of guided weapons systems unified with it for the T-54, T-55 and T-62 tanks. Almost simultaneously, two complexes 9K116-1 "Bastion" were developed, compatible with 100-mm rifled guns of the D-10T family of T-54/55 tanks and 9K116-2 "Sheksna", designed for T-62 tanks with 115-mm smoothbore guns U-5TS. The 9M117 missile was borrowed from the Kastet complex without changes, while in the Sheksna complex it was equipped with support belts to ensure stable movement along the 115-mm caliber barrel. The changes affected mainly the cartridge case with a propellant charge redesigned for the chambers of these guns.

As a result, in a short time at relatively low cost, conditions were created for the modernization of tanks of the third generation, which provides a multiple increase in combat effectiveness and largely equalizes the fire capabilities of their modernized models - T-55M, T-55MV, T-55AM, T-55AMV, T-55AD, T-62M, T-62MV at long ranges with fourth generation tanks.

The development of tank systems was completed in 1983.

In the future, the Bastion and Sheksna complexes served as the basis for the creation of the 9K116-3 "Fable" complex of guided weapons for the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle. At present, JSC "Tulamashzavod" has mastered the mass production of the modernized 9M117M missile with a tandem HEAT warhead capable of penetrating the reactive armor of modern and advanced tanks

In the west, the complex received the designation AT-10 "Sabber".

Anti-tank missile system Konkurs-M

The mobile-portable anti-tank missile system "Konkurs-M" is designed to destroy modern armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortified firing points, mobile and stationary small-sized ground and afloat targets, low-flying helicopters, etc. at any time of the day and in adverse weather conditions.

The "Konkurs-M" complex was developed in the Instrument Design Bureau, Tula.
Adopted in 1991.

The complex consists of a 9P148 combat vehicle (carrier) with a launcher (PU) of the 9P135M1 type placed on it, a 9M113M guided missile ammunition load. If necessary, launchers and ammunition can be quickly removed and taken out of the combat vehicle for autonomous firing. The missile control system is semi-automatic, with the transmission of commands via a wired communication line. Combat crew - 2 people.

A 9Sh119M1 sight and a 1PN65 or 1PN86-1 "Mulat" thermal imaging device are installed on the launcher.

To control the launcher, rocket and thermal imager during storage and operation, control and verification equipment 9V812M-1, 9V811M, 9V974, which is the same as the Fagot complex, is used. The missile is stored in a sealed transport and launch container (TLC) in constant combat readiness.

Missiles of the Fagot (9M111, 9M111M) and Konkurs (9M113) anti-tank systems can be used as ammunition. The actions of the operator do not change when changing the type of missiles.

Armored wheeled and tracked combat vehicles are also used as carriers: BMP-1, BMP-2, BMD, BTRD, BRDM-2, MT-LB, jeep-type light vehicles, motorcycles and other carriers.

Complex "Competition-M" is the basis anti-tank defense. It is adapted for landing on parachute platforms. When carriers overcome water barriers, firing afloat is provided.

Aviation missile system Ataka-V

The Ataka-V complex is designed to destroy modern tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, ATGM and SAM launchers, long-term firing points such as bunkers and bunkers, low-flying low-speed air targets, as well as enemy manpower in shelters.

The missile of the Ataka-V aviation missile system was created on the basis of the 9M114 missile of the Shturm-V complex, using a more powerful engine, which made it possible to increase the firing range of the complex, as well as a new, more powerful warhead with greater armor penetration.

In the late 1990s, the Mi-24v helicopters were upgraded to enable the use of the new Ataka-V and Igla-V missiles. The helicopter with a modernized weapon system was designated Mi-24VM (the export version is designated Mi-35M).

Anti-tank missile system 9K115-2 Metis-M

The portable anti-tank missile system 9K115-2 "Metis-M" is designed to destroy modern and advanced armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortifications, enemy manpower, at any time of the day, in adverse weather conditions.

Created on the basis of ATGM "Metis". The concept of modernization was to maximize continuity in ground facilities and ensuring the possibility of using both the standard Metis 9M115 missile and the new upgraded 9M131 missile in the complex. Taking into account the prospects for increasing the protection of tanks, the designers decisively increased the dimension of the warhead, moving from 93mm caliber to 130mm caliber. A significant improvement in the performance characteristics was achieved by increasing the weight and dimensions of the ATGM.

The Metis-M complex was developed at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) and put into service in 1992.

Designed to replace the previously created complexes of the second generation "Metis", "Fagot", "Competition".

In the west, the complex received the designation AT-13 "Saxhorn".

The complex of guided tank weapons 9K119 (9K119M) Reflex

The 9K119 "Reflex" guided weapon system is designed for effective fire from a cannon with guided projectiles at tanks and other armored targets of the enemy, as well as for firing at small targets (bunkers, bunkers), from a place and on the move at carrier speeds up to 70 km / h , at ranges up to 5000m.

The complex was created in the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula), successfully tested and in 1985 was put into service.

Based on the progress made in electronics and rocket technology over the decade that has passed since the start of work on the Cobra, the KBP designers were able to significantly reduce the weight and size of the new missile by fitting it into the contours of a conventional high-explosive projectile 3VOF26 for 125 mm gun. There was no need to operate the rocket in the form of two blocks and, accordingly, the problems associated with their automated docking disappeared. The new complex can be used on fourth-generation tanks, regardless of the automatic loader scheme.

Work on the modernization of the 9K119 complex began almost simultaneously with the adoption. As a result of the work carried out, the complex was equipped with a tandem cumulative warhead. Designers managed to increase combat capabilities rockets with virtually no change in the weight and size characteristics of the new ZUBK20 guided shot compared to the previously created ZUBK14. The upgraded complex received the designation 9K119M.

Currently, the complex is part of the standard armament of the T-80U, T-80UD, T-84, T-72AG, T-90 tanks and is offered for export.

In the west, the complex received the designation AT-11 "Sniper" (9K119M - AT-11 "Sniper-B").

Anti-tank missile system Hermes

The Hermes long-range anti-tank system is a promising complex of a new generation of high-precision weapons - a multi-purpose reconnaissance and fire anti-tank system that combines the properties of artillery and anti-tank systems. The complex is designed to destroy modern and promising objects of armored vehicles, unarmored Vehicle, stationary engineering structures, surface targets, low-flying low-speed air targets, manpower in shelters.

The complex was developed in the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) under the leadership of A.G. Shipunov.

"Germes" opens up new areas of combat use of anti-tank weapons - the transfer of its fire into the depths of the zone of action of enemy units and the possibility of repelling an attack in any sector of defense without changing the firing position. This will prevent the advancement and deployment of enemy armored units to the lines of attack while reducing their own losses. The use of such tactics sets the task of radically expanding the range of reconnaissance and destruction of armored units by promising anti-tank systems, which should be able to cover the entire area of ​​​​responsibility of their units for reconnaissance and defeat the enemy to the full depth of the near tactical zone (25 - 30 km). Moreover, since a modern armored grouping is a complex mobile system, the destruction of such a grouping requires a comprehensive fire defeat of the entire range of targets included in its composition, as well as other targets of various classes that operate in the offensive zone.

ATGM "Hermes" is built on a modular principle, which makes it possible to optimize the composition of attracted funds depending on the tasks being solved, to reasonably combine different methods of guidance at different firing ranges, and also to place the complex on land, air and sea carriers.

The use of external means of reconnaissance and target designation, including those deployed on remotely piloted aerial vehicles (RPVs), makes it possible to most fully implement the basic provisions of the "contactless war" concept, reduce deadlines and expand the range of tasks to be solved with the involvement of the minimum required number of forces and means, and also minimize the material costs of operations.

Tests of the aviation version of the Hermes-A complex as part of the armament attack helicopter Ka-52s completed in summer 2003. The Hermes-A complex is ready for mass production.

Complex aviation guided weapons Threat (S-5kor, S-8kor, S-13kor)

Precision weapons are increasingly being used on the battlefield. However, they require special reconnaissance and target designation systems. The experience of the war in the Balkans shows that even the most modern facilities aerospace reconnaissance is not yet capable (at least in the conditions of a mountainous and wooded area characteristic of Southern Europe) perform their tasks effectively. So, as a result of 79-day air strikes on the grouping of Serbian troops in Kosovo, numbering more than 300 tanks, the Allied forces managed to destroy no more than 13 of them (while part of the equipment, apparently, should be attributed to the militants Liberation Army Kosovo).

Under these conditions, one cannot underestimate the role of guidance and target designation means deployed in combat formations of troops or advanced behind enemy lines as part of groups special purpose(It should be noted that during the fighting in Kosovo, the role of such groups interacting with the Kosovo separatists constantly increased, although this was accompanied by losses on the part of the "special forces" of the NATO countries).

At the International Aviation and Space Salon MAKS-99, the Scientific and Technical Center of JSC "AMETEH" ("Automation and mechanization of technologies") presented a draft system for corrective missile weapons"Threat" (in Western publications, the project was called RCIC - "Russian Concept of Impulse Correction")

Aviation complex guided weapons"Threat" includes corrected missiles S-5Kor (caliber - 57 mm), S-8Kor (80 mm) and S-13Kor (120 mm). They were created on the basis of unguided aircraft missiles (NAR) of the S-5, S-8 and S-13 types by equipping them with semi-active laser homing systems. NARs of these types are the standard armament of almost all combat aircraft and helicopters of the front-line, army and naval aviation of Russia, as well as the air forces of many foreign countries.

Anti-tank missile system 9K113 Competition

Self-propelled anti-tank complex 9K113 "Konkurs" is designed to destroy modern armored targets at a distance of up to 4 km. It forms the basis of regimental-level anti-tank weapons and is used in conjunction with portable complexes of battalion anti-tank units.

The "Competition" complex was developed in the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 30 o dated February 4, 1970. The new ATGM, originally named "Oboe", was later renamed "Competition". The design solutions underlying the complex basically corresponded to those worked out in the "Fagot" complex with significantly larger weight and size characteristics of the rocket, due to the need to ensure a greater launch range and armor penetration.

The Konkurs complex was adopted by the Soviet Army in January 1974. The Fagot complex was used in motorized rifle battalions, and the Konkurs with the 9P148 combat vehicle was used in motorized rifle regiments and divisions. Later, on its basis, the Konkurs-M ATGM was developed.

In addition to Russia, a complex of various modifications is in service with the ground forces of Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Hungary, India, Jordan, Iran, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Nicaragua, Peru, Poland, Romania, Syria, Vietnam, Finland. Own serial production of anti-tank missiles 9M113 "Konkurs" is deployed in Iran. The license for the production of the rocket was sold to Iran in the mid-90s.

In the west, the complex received the designation AT-5 "Spandrel".

The complex of guided tank weapons 9K112 Kobra

The 9K112 "Cobra" guided weapon system is designed to provide effective cannon fire with guided projectiles at enemy tanks and other armored targets moving at speeds up to 75 km / h, as well as for firing at small targets (bunkers, bunkers), from a place and from on the move, at carrier speeds up to 30 km / h, at ranges up to 4000 m, provided that the target is directly visible through the rangefinder sight.

In addition to the main purpose, the 9K112 complex has the ability to fire at helicopters at ranges up to 4000m, if there is target designation at a distance of at least 5000m, while the speed of the helicopter should not exceed 300km / h, and the flight altitude - 500m.

The lead developer of the Cobra complex is KB Tochmash (KBTM Moscow).

Tests of the 9K112 "Cobra" complex were carried out in 1975 at object 447 (a converted T-64A tank), equipped with a 1G21 quantum rangefinder sight, a complex missile weapons"Cobra" with a 9M112 missile. The rocket was launched from a standard 2A46 gun. After successful tests in 1976, a modernized tank under the T-64B index with a 9K112-1 missile system, including guided missile 9M112, is being put into service. Two years later, the T-80B tank entered service with gas turbine engine developed by the Design Bureau of the Leningrad Kirov Plant, equipped with the 9K112-1 missile system (9M112M missile). In the future, the Cobra complex was equipped with the main tanks T-64BV and T-80BV and some other samples of experimental or small-scale vehicles: object 219RD, object 487, object 219A, etc.

From 1976 to the present, domestic tanks T-64B, T-80B, etc. have priority over the main foreign models, they are the only carriers of guided weapons in the world used from standard guns. This gives our tanks an advantage in the fight against enemy tanks at long ranges, where the use of cumulative and sub-caliber shells is ineffective or impractical.

To date, the 9K112 "Cobra" complex, although it continues to be in service with the Russian Armed Forces, is obsolete. In the eighties, KBTM carried out the modernization of the 9K112 complex under the name "Agona" using the new 9M128 missile. According to the results of the work carried out, it was possible to penetrate homogeneous armor up to 650 mm thick. However, by the time the development was completed in 1985, the Svir and Reflex complexes with laser-guided missiles had already been put into service, so all newly produced tanks of the T-80 family were equipped with these complexes.

In the west, the complex received the designation AT-8 "Songster".

Anti-tank complex 9P149 Shturm-S

Anti-tank missile system (ATGM) 9P149 Shturm-S is designed to destroy tanks, armored personnel carriers and heavily fortified point targets. It was created as a single weapon system for the ground-based "Shturm-S" and air-based "Shturm-V" and was equipped with the first serial ATGM with supersonic flight speed. The complex is made in a modular design, which allows it to be placed on any type of infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks and helicopters, both Russian and foreign. It has a semi-automatic missile control system with the transmission of commands via radio. Original scientific and technical solutions for control equipment made it possible to fire without reducing the probability of hitting the target in conditions of active opposition from the enemy, that is, the key problem for such systems was solved, the problem of noise immunity of complexes from natural and organized radio and infrared interference of various types.

Developed in the mid-70s at the Kolomna Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (KBM). The tests were completed in 1978, in 1979 the Shturm-S self-propelled ATGM with the 9M114 missile was adopted by army and front-line units. Serial production was established by the Volsky Mechanical Plant.

Work to increase the combat capabilities of the Shturm ATGM began at the Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau, almost immediately after the complex was put into service. The main direction of modernization was the creation of new missiles, increased power. First of all, it was planned to increase armor penetration in the new missiles (by equipping them with a tandem cumulative warhead) and launch range. At the same time, the military put forward a mandatory requirement - to ensure the use of new missiles from the Mi-24 family helicopters and combat vehicles 9P149 self-propelled systems that are in service. Such a statement of the problem practically excluded the possibility of increasing the length of the new rocket compared to the base sample. All requirements were successfully implemented in the new 9M120 Ataka missile, the first modification of which was put into service in 1985. The main design difference of the new missile was the use of a more powerful engine, which made it possible to increase the firing range, as well as a new tandem cumulative warhead with greater armor penetration. The improvement of the Shturm complexes continues - a new family of missiles - 9M220, has been created, which significantly increased the combat effectiveness of the complex.

The Shturm ATGM was exported to dozens of countries around the world, including the Warsaw Pact countries, Cuba, Angola, Zaire, India, Kuwait, Libya, Syria, etc. The complex was successfully used during the fighting in Afghanistan, Chechnya, Angola, Ethiopia, etc. d.

Anti-tank missile system Shturm-V

The Shturm-V complex is designed to destroy modern tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, ATGM and SAM launchers, long-term firing points such as bunkers and bunkers, low-flying low-speed air targets, as well as enemy manpower in shelters.

The Shturm-V airborne anti-tank missile system was created on the basis of the ground-based self-propelled anti-tank complex 9K114 Shturm-S. Both complexes use the same means of destruction - missiles 9M114, 9M114M and 9M114F. At present, the complex also allows the use of advanced Ataka missiles - 9M120, 9M120F, 9A2200 and 9M2313.

Tests of the Shturm-V complex were carried out on the Mi-24 helicopter from 1972 to 1974. The missile system was put into service on March 28, 1976 and became the main weapon of the serial Mi-24V helicopters (product 242). The developers managed to successfully solve a number of problems associated with the impact of vibrations, ensuring the combat use of missiles during a helicopter flight at speeds up to 300 km/h. With a mass of the Raduga-Sh equipment of 224 kg, the helicopter Sturm practically corresponded to the Falanga-PV complex with the Raduga-F equipment. Despite a one and a half times increase in the mass of the transport-launch container with the Shturm missile compared to the launch mass of the Phalanga missile, due to the simplification of the launcher and the compactness of the TPK, it was possible to double the ammunition load of the carrier. The Mi-24V helicopter was equipped with four 9M114 missiles. In 1986, the Mi-24V helicopter was tested with a new multi-lock beam holder, in the presence of which up to 16 Shturm ATGMs can be installed on the helicopter. Later, the Shturm complexes were also used as part of the weapons of the Mi-24P (product 243), Mi-24PV (product 258), as well as Ka-29 helicopters - the transport and combat version of the anti-submarine Ka-27. The Shturm missile system is also equipped with the new Mi-28 combat helicopter, which is equipped with up to 16 missiles on two launchers.

The Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant, together with the Krasnogorsk Plant and NPO Geofizika, created a new sighting station for the molarization of Mi-24V helicopters with Shturm ATGMs.

The Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant has developed and offers for export a new attack modification of the Mi-8 transport and combat helicopter - the Mi-8AMTSh helicopter with eight Shturm ATGMs and four anti-aircraft missiles"Needle".

Taking into account the operating experience of the Shturm family of complexes, a ship complex"Shturm" with a firing range of up to 6 km for placement on project 14310 patrol boats.

In the west, the missile received the designation AT-6 "Spiral".

Anti-tank missile system 9K123 Chrysanthemum

The Chrysanthemum complex is designed to destroy modern as well as promising tanks of any type, including those equipped with dynamic protection. In addition to armored vehicles, the complex can hit low-tonnage surface targets, hovercraft, low-flying subsonic air targets, reinforced concrete structures, armored shelters and bunkers.

Distinctive properties of ATGM "Chrysanthemum" are:
high noise immunity from radio and IR interference,
simultaneous guidance of two missiles at different targets,
short flight time due to the supersonic speed of the rocket,
the possibility of round-the-clock use in simple and difficult weather conditions, as well as in the presence of dust and smoke interference.

ATGM "Chrysanthemum" was developed in KBM (Kolomna). "Chrysanthemum-S" is the most powerful of all currently existing land anti-tank systems. long range effective fire in any combat and weather conditions, security, high rate of fire make it indispensable during both offensive and defensive operations of the ground forces.

Man-portable anti-tank complex 9K115 "Metis"

The 9K115 complex with a semi-automatic projectile control system is designed to engage armored targets that are visible stationary and moving at various heading angles at speeds up to 60 km/h at ranges from 40 to 1000 m. The 9K115 complex also allows effective firing at firing points and other small targets.

The complex was developed at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) under the leadership of the chief designer A.G. Shipunov and put into service in 1978.

In the west, the complex received the designation of the AT-7 "Saxhorn" missile.

The 9K115 "Metis" complex was exported to many countries of the world and was used in many local conflicts recent decades.

Portable anti-tank complex 9K111

The 9K111 "Fagot" portable anti-tank system is designed to destroy tanks and other armored targets, as well as enemy helicopters and firing points.

The development of the Fagot ATGM began in March 1963 at the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula). The full-scale deployment of work on the Fagot was launched by decision of the Commission on Military-Industrial Issues under the USSR Council of Ministers dated May 18, 1966, No. 119.

Factory tests of the complex, conducted in 1967-1968, were unsuccessful. The last stage of factory testing began in January 1969, but due to the low reliability of the wired communication line, the tests were again terminated. After troubleshooting, they were completed in April-May 1969. And in March 1970, joint (state) tests of the complex were completed. By Decree of Council of Ministers No. 793-259 of September 22, 1970, the Fagot complex was put into service. In 1970, an installation batch of "Bassoons" (100 pieces) was ordered to the Mayak Kirov Plant, and in next year there began their serial production. The production of Fagots at the Mayak plant was debugged in the fourth quarter of 1971, when 710 shells were handed over. In 1975, a modernized version of the 9M111M missile was created with an increased flight range and increased armor penetration. The modernized sample of the complex was named 9M111M "Factoria".

The 9K111 "Fagot" complex was exported to many countries of the world and was used in many local conflicts of recent decades. In addition to Russia, a complex of various modifications is in service with the ground forces of Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Hungary, India, Jordan, Iran, North Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Nicaragua, Peru, Poland, Romania, Syria, Vietnam, Finland.

In the west, it received the designation AT-4 "Spigot".

Anti-tank missile system "Kornet"

The Kornet mobile-portable anti-tank missile system of the second class is designed to destroy modern and advanced armored vehicles equipped with dynamic protection, fortifications, enemy manpower, low-speed air, surface targets at any time of the day, in adverse weather conditions, in the presence of passive and active optical interference.

The Kornet complex was developed in the Instrument Design Bureau, Tula.

The complex can be placed on any media, including those with an automated ammunition rack, thanks to the small mass of the remote launcher, it can also be used autonomously in a portable version. In terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, the Kornet complex fully meets the requirements for a system of modern multi-purpose defensive and assault weapons, and allows you to quickly solve tactical tasks in the zone of responsibility of ground forces units, with a tactical depth up to 6 km towards the enemy. The originality of the design solutions of this complex, its high manufacturability, effectiveness of combat use, simplicity and reliability in operation contributed to its wide distribution abroad.

For the first time, the export version of the Kornet-E complex was presented in 1994 at an exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.

To the west, the complex was designated AT-14.

In articles about anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs), the expressions "first generation", third generation", "shot-forgot", "I see-shoot" are often found. I will briefly try to explain what, in fact, we are talking about ...

As the name suggests, anti-tank systems are primarily designed to engage armored targets. Although they are used for other objects. Up to an individual infantryman, if there is a lot of money. ATGMs are capable of quite effectively fighting low-flying air targets, such as helicopters.

Photo from Rosinform.ru

Anti-tank missile systems are classified as high-precision weapons. That is, to weapons, I quote, "with a probability of hitting a target higher than 0.5". Slightly better than when tossing a coin heads-tails)))

The development of anti-tank systems was carried out back in Nazi Germany, Mass production and supply to the troops of anti-tank missile systems in the countries of NATO and the USSR was deployed already in the late 1950s. And these were...

ATGM first generation

Anti-tank guided missiles of the first generation complexes are controlled by "three points":
(1) the operator's eye or sight when shooting at a distance of more than a kilometer.
(2) rocket
(3) target

That is, the operator had to combine these three points manually, controlling the rocket, as a rule, by wire. Until the very moment of hitting the target. Manage using various kinds of joysticks, control handles, joysticks and other things. For example, here is such a "joystick" on the control device 9S415 of the Soviet ATGM "Malyutka-2"

Needless to say, this required a long training of operators, their iron nerves and good coordination even in a state of fatigue and in the heat of battle. Requirements for candidates for operators were among the highest.
Also, the complexes of the first generation had disadvantages in the form of low flight speed of missiles, the presence of a large "dead zone" in the initial section of the trajectory - 300-500 m (17-25% of the entire firing range). Attempts to solve all these problems have led to the emergence of ...

ATGM second generation

Anti-tank guided missiles of the second generation complexes are controlled by "two points":
(1) Viewfinder
(2) Purpose
The task of the operator is to keep the mark of the sight on the target, everything else is "on the conscience" of the automatic control system located on the launcher.

The control equipment, with the help of the coordinator, determines the position of the missile relative to the line of sight to the target and keeps it on it, transmitting commands to the missile via wires or radio channels. The position is determined by the emission of an infrared lamp-headlight / xenon lamp / tracer placed in the stern of the rocket and directed back to the launcher.

A special case is such second-generation complexes as the Scandinavian "Bill" or the American "Tou-2" with the BGM-71F missile, which hit the target from above on the span:

The control equipment on the installation "leads" the rocket not along the line of sight, but several meters above it. When a missile flies over a tank, the target sensor (for example, on the "Bill" - a magnetic + laser altimeter) gives a command to sequentially detonate two charges placed at an angle to the axis of the missile

Also, second-generation complexes include anti-tank systems using missiles with a semi-active laser homing head (GOS)

The operator is also forced to keep the mark on the target until it is hit. The device illuminates the target with coded laser radiation, the rocket flies to the reflected signal, like a moth to the light (or like a fly to the smell, as you like).

Among the shortcomings of this method, the crew of the armored object is practically notified that they are being fired at, and the equipment of the optical-electronic protection systems can have time to cover the car with an aerosol (smoke) screen at the command of laser irradiation warning sensors.
In addition, such missiles are relatively expensive, since the control equipment is located on the missile, and not on the launcher.

Similar problems exist in complexes with laser-beam control. Although they are considered the most noise-immune of the second generation anti-tank systems

Their main difference is that the missile movement is controlled by a laser emitter, the beam of which is oriented towards the target in the tail of the attacking missile. Accordingly, the laser radiation receiver is located in the stern of the rocket and directed to the launcher, which significantly increases the noise immunity.

In order not to notify their victims in advance, some ATGM systems can raise the missile above the line of sight, and lower it in front of the target itself, taking into account the range obtained from the rangefinder to the target. What is shown in the second picture. But do not be confused, in this case the rocket does not hit from above, but into the forehead / side / stern.

I will confine myself to the concept invented by the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (KBM) for dummies "laser path", on which the rocket actually holds itself. In this case, the operator is still forced to accompany the target until it is hit. However, scientists have tried to make their lives easier by creating

ATGM generation II+

They are not much different from their older brothers. In them, it is possible to track targets not manually, but automatically, by means of ASC, target tracking equipment. At the same time, the operator can only mark the target, and search for a new one, and defeat it, as is done on the Russian "Kornet-D"

In terms of their capabilities, such complexes are very close to third-generation complexes. They coined the term I see-shoot"However, with everything else, the generation II + complexes did not get rid of their main shortcomings. First of all, the dangers for the complex and the operator / crew, since the control device must still be in direct line of sight of the target until it is hit. Well, in secondly, associated with the same low fire performance - the ability to hit a maximum of targets in a minimum time.

To solve these problems are

ATGM third generation

Anti-tank guided missiles of the third generation systems do not require the participation of the operator or the launch equipment located on the launch equipment in flight and therefore belong to " shot and forgot"

The task of the operator when using such anti-tank systems is to detect the target. ensure its capture by the missile control equipment and launch. After that, without waiting for the defeat of the target, either leave the position, or prepare to hit a new one. A missile guided by an infrared or radar seeker will fly by itself.

Anti-tank missile systems of the third generation are constantly being improved, especially in terms of the capabilities of on-board equipment to capture targets, and the moment when they will appear is not far off.

ATGM fourth generation

Anti-tank guided missiles of the fourth generation systems will not require the participation of the operator at all.

All you have to do is launch a missile into the target area. There artificial intelligence will detect the target, identify it, independently make a decision to defeat and carry it out.

In the long term, the equipment of the "swarm" of missiles will rank the detected targets in order of importance and hit them starting from the "first on the list." At the same time, preventing the direction of two or more ATGMs to one target, as well as redirecting them to more important ones if they were not fired upon due to a failure or destruction of the previous missile.

We have various reasons there are no third-generation complexes ready for delivery to the troops or for sale abroad. Because of what we lose money and markets. For example, Indian. Israel is now the world leader in this area.

At the same time, complexes of the second and second plus generations remain in demand, especially in local wars. First of all, due to the relative cheapness of missiles and reliability.

An experienced multi-purpose air-to-ground guided missile JAGM is designed to destroy armored targets, patrol ships, artillery systems, rocket launchers, positions of radar stations, control and communication centers, fortifications, infrastructure facilities of enemy settlements and administrative centers. Development of a single unified air-launched missile in the interests of the army, navy and corps marines The United States under the Joint Air-to-Ground Missile (JAGM) program has been underway since 2007. Two groups of companies are involved in the development of JAGM on competitive terms, led by Lockheed Martin and Raytheon as the lead developers. JAGM is a continuation of the AGM-169 Joint Common Missile (JCM) program completed in 2007. Initially, the US Army planned to pay for the development of the missile by both companies, but due to budgetary constraints, since 2011 it has chosen only one developer - Lockheed Martin. ...

In the new 2017, the French armed forces intend to implement several new programs related to the rearmament of combat units. One of these projects affects the field of anti-tank missile systems. Currently, the French army is armed with several systems of this class, including obsolete models. This year, the ground forces will have to receive the first copies of the MMP ATGM, proposed as a replacement for older systems.
The MMP project (Missile Moyenne Portée - "Medium-Range Missile") has been developed by MBDA Missile Systems since 2009 on an initiative basis. Initially, the purpose of the work was to determine the general features of the appearance of a promising anti-tank complex, but in further tasks projects have been updated. In 2010, the French military department held a competition, as a result of which it purchased American-made Javelin anti-tank systems, considering domestic systems of a similar purpose obsolete. ...

During the Second World War, the first anti-tank grenade launchers were created and brought to practical use in several countries of the world. Miscellaneous weapons This class used some general ideas, but differed in certain features. One of the most original versions of the anti-tank grenade launcher was the PIAT product, created by British gunsmiths. Having noticeable differences from foreign models, such a grenade launcher showed acceptable efficiency and was of interest to the troops.
The reasons for the appearance of a new model anti-tank grenade launcher were simple. At the initial stage of the Second World War, the British infantry had only two means of fighting enemy tanks: the Boys anti-tank rifle and the No. 68 rifle grenade. Such weapons were actively used for a long time, but their effectiveness was constantly falling. ...

A few years ago, Spain did not have the technical base necessary to create anti-tank missile systems that meet modern requirements. However, the adoption and operation of the Aspide air-to-surface missile by Selenia (Italy) and the Roland missiles of the Euromissile association (Germany, France) with its manufacture under license by Santa Barbara (Spain) contributed to the creation of a scientific and technological base that made it possible to start national development ATGM. Scheme of the Toledo starter engine nozzle; laser beam receiver; low thrust starter; tail plumage; gyroscope; power battery; fuse; cumulative charge; lining of a cumulative excavation; thrust vector control device; - fuel booster propulsion engine; propulsion engine fuel; a two-layer ogival warhead that activates the fuse. ...

ATGM "Malyutka-2" The anti-tank missile system (ATGM) "Malyutka-2" is a modernized version of the 9K11 "Malyutka" complex and differs from the latter in the use of an improved missile with various types of warheads. Developed at the Kolomna Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering. The complex is designed to destroy modern tanks and other armored vehicles, as well as engineering structures such as bunkers and bunkers in the absence and presence of natural or organized infrared interference. Its predecessor, the "Malyutka" complex, one of the first domestic ATGMs, was manufactured for approximately 30 years and is in service in more than 40 countries around the world. Various versions of the complex were and are being produced in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, China, Iran, Taiwan and other countries. Among such copies, one can note the Susong-Po ATGM (DPRK), Kun Wu (Taiwan) and HJ-73 (China). ATGM "Raad" - the Iranian version of the 9M14 "Malyutka" ATGM has been in production since 1961. ...

ATGM AGM-114L Hellfire-Longbow Anti-tank missile system (ATGM) AGM-114L Hellfire-Longbow with an active radar homing head is designed to destroy enemy tank formations and other small targets at any time of the day, in conditions of poor visibility and in difficult meteorological conditions. The complex was developed by Rockwell International and Lockheed Martin based on the AGM-114K Hellfire-2 missile as part of the AAWWS (Airbone Adverse Weather Weapon System) program for attack helicopters AH-64D Apache and RAH-66 Comanche. The efficiency of the Apache helicopter, equipped with the Longbow complex, has increased significantly due to the possibility of using missiles in bad weather, the possibility of salvo launch on the accumulation of armored vehicles, as well as due to a significant reduction in the time the helicopter is under enemy fire when aiming missiles. First fire tests AGM-114L Hellfire-Longbow ATGMs were carried out in June 1994. ...

ATGM NOT The heavy Franco-German anti-tank missile system (ATGM) "HOT" (Haut subsonique Optiquement teleguide tire d "un Tube) is used to arm combat helicopters and be placed on self-propelled chassis. Developed by the Euromissile consortium (MBDA France and LFK) on the basis ATGM HOT and was put into service in 1974. The "HOT" complex is intended for armament of mobile vehicles (cars, infantry fighting vehicles, helicopters) and for stationary underground installations (strong points, fortified areas). replacement of elements of the system in case of their failure, automatic loading, high rate of fire, large ammunition capacity of missiles. different classes armored and unarmored, on sites, platforms and helicopters, ensures the conduct of hostilities both in offensive and defensive battles, firing at a distance of up to 4000m. ...

ATGM HJ-9 One of the latest developments of the Chinese company "NORINCO" (China North Industries Corporation), is the ATGM HJ-9 ("Hong Jian" -9, according to NATO classification - "Red Arrow-9"), designed to combat the main tanks, armored targets and the destruction of engineering structures of various types. The all-weather, all-day HJ-9 belongs to the third generation of anti-tank guided missiles adopted by the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China. The development of the HJ-9 ATGM began in the 1980s, for the first time the complex was shown at a military parade among new types of weapons and military equipment in 1999. Compared to its prototype (HJ-8), the new complex has an increased flight range, increased efficiency and flexibility of combat use, a new modern noise-immune control system, and increased armor penetration. ...

ATGM HJ-73 The Chinese anti-tank missile system HJ-73 (Hong Jian - "Red Arrow") belongs to the first generation of anti-tank guided missiles adopted by the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA). Unsuccessful attempts to develop their own anti-tank missile systems (ATGM) began in China in the 50s of the last century and dragged on for two decades. The situation changed in 1971. after hand Chinese engineers hit several samples of the Soviet anti-tank systems 9K11 "Malyutka". The result of copying this system was the first anti-tank missile system HJ-73, which was put into service in 1979. HJ-73 is operated by the PLA as portable complex, and is also used to equip infantry fighting vehicles, light vehicle chassis and other carriers. Over the long years of service, the HJ-73 ATGM has been repeatedly upgraded in order to increase armor penetration and combat effectiveness. ...

Hellfire ATGM AGM-114 "Hellfire" with a laser missile guidance system, was developed taking into account the possibility of its use by various types of aircraft and, mainly, for arming combat helicopters. The development of the first version of the AGM-114A missile was completed by Rockwell International in 1982, and since 1984 the complex has been in service with the US Army and Marine Corps. Based on test results and operational experience, it is characterized as a highly effective anti-tank weapon with a high flexibility of use, which can also be successfully used to destroy other targets and solve various tactical tasks on the battlefield. After the use of the Hellfire ATGM during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, work began on its further modernization. The program received the designation HOMS (Hellfire Optimized Missile System), the upgraded version of the missile was given the designation AGM-114K "Hellfire-2". ...

EFOGM missile system The EFOGM (Enhanced Fiber Optic Guided Missile) missile system is designed primarily to fight tanks, as well as to destroy air targets (helicopters) flying at extremely low and low altitudes using terrain masking properties and other features terrain. Maximum range firing at air and ground targets according to the tactical and technical requirements should be at least 10 km. According to reports in the foreign press, two options for the design of the complex are provided: based on the M988 "Hammer" multi-purpose all-terrain vehicle for light divisions (8 missiles on launchers) and based on a tracked self-propelled chassis jet system salvo fire MLRS (24 missiles on launchers) for "heavy" divisions. It is planned to supply the US Ground Forces with 118 and 285 complexes in the first and second versions, respectively, as well as 16,550 missiles. Their cost will be 2.9 billion dollars. ...

At the end of May 1988 The American company Hughes Aircraft has signed an agreement with the Spanish consortium Esprodesa on the development of medium-range anti-tank systems at its own expense, which will be a serious competitor to the European wearable medium-range AGTW-3MR complex of the EMDG association. In October 1988 Hughes Aircraft and the Esprodesa consortium, which includes three Spanish firms Ceselsa, Instalaza and Union Explosivos, were to create a new Spanish-American association, whose name is still unknown, with headquarters in Madrid. The total capital of the joint equity venture will be $260 million, of which 60% ($160 million) will be owned by the Esprodesa consortium and 40% by Hughes Aircraft. The Aries ATGM development project is estimated at $134 million. Hughes Aircraft provides overall program management, develops a missile guidance and control system, and provides technical assistance to its partners. ...

Serial production and deliveries of self-propelled anti-tank missile systems of the 9K123 Khrizantema family continue. This technique is capable of carrying several types of guided missiles designed to hit a wide range of targets. In addition, the complex has characteristic features, which can significantly increase its combat potential. To date, the troops have already received a certain number of Chrysanthemum-S anti-tank systems, and the industry continues to build new combat vehicles.
The development of the Chrysanthemum project began in the mid-eighties. The main task of this project, which was created by specialists from the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (Kolomna) under the leadership of S.P. Invincible was the design of a self-propelled missile system capable of destroying various targets, primarily enemy armored vehicles. Soon, the main features of the appearance of the new technology were determined and the composition of the complex was formed. ...

Aviation anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) are designed to destroy armored targets. For the most part, they are analogues of the corresponding missiles that are part of ground-based anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs), but adapted for use from aircraft, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. aircraft. Specialized aviation anti-tank missiles have also been developed, which are used only with military aircraft.

Currently, aviation of leading foreign countries is armed with ATGMs of three generations. The first generation includes missiles that use a wired semi-automatic guidance system (SN). These are ATGM "Tou-2A and -2B" (USA), "Hot-2 and -3" (France, Germany). The second generation is represented by missiles using semi-active laser SN, such as the AGM-114A, F and K Hellfire (USA). Third-generation missiles, which include AGM-114L Hellfire (USA) and Brimstone (UK) ATGMs, are equipped with autonomous SN - active radar seeker operating in the microwave (MW) wavelength range. Currently, the fourth generation ATGM is being developed - JAGM ((Joint Air-to-Ground Missile, USA).

The capabilities of ATGMs are determined by the following performance characteristics: maximum flight speed, type of guidance system, maximum missile launch range, type of warhead, and armor penetration. The most active work in the field of creation and development of anti-tank guided missiles is carried out in the USA, Israel, Great Britain, Germany and France.

One of the directions for the development of ATGMs is to increase the effectiveness of hitting armored targets equipped with multi-layer armor, and to ensure the simultaneous launch of several missiles at different targets. Demonstration programs are being carried out to equip these weapons with dual-mode homing heads operating in the IR and MMW wavelength ranges. The development of such missiles with autonomous SN continues, which, after launch, hit the target without the participation of the operator. At the concept level, the creation of a hypersonic missile defense system to combat tanks is being studied.

Anti-tank guided missile AGM-114 "Hellfire". This ATGM is designed to destroy armored vehicles. It has a modular design, which makes it easy to upgrade.

The AGM-114F Hellfire, developed by Rockwell, entered service in 1991. It is equipped with a tandem warhead, which allows you to hit tanks with dynamic protection. $348.9 million was spent on R&D. The cost of the rocket is 42 thousand dollars.

This ATGM is made according to the normal aerodynamic scheme. In the head part there is a semi-active laser seeker, a contact fuse and four destabilizers, in the middle part there is a tandem warhead, an analog autopilot, a pneumatic accumulator of the rudder drive system, in the tail part there is an engine, a cruciform wing, which is attached to the RDTT body, and rudder drives placed in wing planes. The pre-charge of the tandem warhead has a diameter of 70 mm. In the event of a target being lost in the clouds, the autopilot remembers its coordinates and directs the missile to the intended target area, which allows the HOS to re-capture it. The AGM-114K Hellfire-2 ATGM is equipped with a laser seeker using a new coded laser pulse, which made it possible to solve the problem of receiving false reflected signals and thereby increase the missile's noise immunity.

A semi-active seeker requires a laser beam to illuminate the target, which can be carried out by a laser designator from a carrier helicopter, another helicopter or UAV, as well as an advanced gunner from the ground. When the target is illuminated not from a carrier helicopter, but from another means, it is possible to launch an ATGM without visual visibility of the target. In this case, its capture is carried out by the GOS after the missile is launched. The helicopter may be in cover. To ensure the launch of several missiles in a short period of time and aiming them at different targets, coding is used by changing the frequency of repetition of laser pulses.

The layout of the ATGM "Tou-2A": 1 - pre-charge; 2 - retractable bar; 3 - marching solid propellant; 4 - gyroscope; 5 - starting solid propellant; 6 - coil with wire; 7 - tail rudder; 8 - IR tracer; 9 - xenon lamp; 10 - digital electronic unit; 11 - wing; 12, 14 - safety-actuating mechanism; 13 - main warhead

The layout diagram of the ATGM "Tou ~ 2V": 1 - deactivated target sensor; 2-march solid propellant; 3 - gyroscope; 4 - starting solid propellant; 5 - IR tracer; 6 - xenon lamp; 7- coil with wire; 8 - digital electronic unit; 9 - power drive; 10- rear warhead; 11 - front warhead

Anti-tank guided missile "Tou". It is designed to destroy armored vehicles. In November 1983, Hughes specialists began developing the Tou-2A ATGM with a tandem warhead so that it could destroy tanks with reactive armor. The missile was put into service in 1989. By the end of 1989, approximately 12,000 units had been assembled. In 1987, work began on the creation of the Tou-2V ATGM. It is designed to destroy armored vehicles when flying over a target - top part tank hulls are the least protected. The missile was put into service in 1992.

This ATGM has a folding cross-shaped wing in the middle part of the hull and rudders in the tail section. The wing and rudders are located at an angle of 45° relative to each other. Semi-automatic control, commands to the rocket are transmitted by wire. To guide the missile, an IR tracer and a xenon lamp are installed in its tail section.

ATGM "Tou" is in service with 37 states, including all NATO countries. The rocket carriers are AN-1S and W, A-129, "Lynx" helicopters. R&D expenses under the program for its creation amounted to $284.5 million. The cost of one ATGM "Tou-2A" is about 14 thousand dollars, "Tou-2V" - up to 25 thousand.

The ATGM uses a two-stage solid propellant rocket engine from the Hercules company. The mass of the first stage is 0.545 kg. The second stage, located in the middle part, has two nozzles installed at an angle of 30° to its construction axis.

The side combat warhead of the Tou-2V ATGM hits the target when flying over it (into the upper hemisphere). When a warhead is detonated, two shock cores are formed, one of which is designed to detonate reactive armor hung on a tank turret. For detonation, a remote fuse with two sensors is used: an optical one, which determines the target by its configuration, and a magnetic one, which confirms the presence of a large amount of metal and prevents the possibility of false triggering of the warhead.

The pilot keeps the crosshairs on the target, while the missile automatically flies at a certain height above the line of sight. It is stored, transported and installed on helicopters in a pressurized launch canister.

Anti-tank missile system "Spike-ER" (Israel). This ATGM (formerly designated as NTD) was put into service in 2003. It was created on the basis of the Gill / Spike complexes by the specialists of the Rafael company. The complex is a launcher with four missiles, equipped with a guidance and control system.

ATGM "Spike-ER" (ER - Extended Range) is a fourth-generation high-precision missile, the use of which is implemented according to the "fire and forget" principle. The probability of hitting armored vehicles and fortified structures of the enemy of this SD is 0.9. The high-explosive penetrating version of its warhead is capable of penetrating the walls of bunkers and then exploding indoors, causing maximum damage to the target and minimal damage to surrounding structures.

Before launch and during the flight of the ATGM, the pilot receives a video image transmitted from the homing head. By controlling the rocket, he selects the target after the launch.

UR is capable of flying both in autonomous mode and receiving signals about data changes from the pilot. This method guidance also allows you to take the missile away from the target in case of unforeseen situations.

As a result of tests carried out by specialists from the Rafael company, the Spike-ER ATGM has established itself as a reliable and high-precision guided missile. Thus, in 2008, a contract worth $64 million was signed between the management of General Dynamics Santa Barbara Systems (GDSBS) and the command of the Spanish Army for the supply of Spike-ER anti-tank missile systems, consisting of 44 launchers and 200 Spike- ER" for Tiger helicopters. According to the terms of the contract, the work will be completed by 2012.

Anti-tank guided missile PARS 3 LR. This ATGM has been in service with the FRG aviation since 2008. This rocket was developed to further replace the Hot and Tou ATGMs. In 1988, after the signing of an agreement between France, Germany and Great Britain, the full-scale development of the PARS 3 LR ATGM began. The contract value was $972.7 million.

The PARS 3 LR ATGM is built according to the normal aerodynamic scheme. The principle of operation is that the operator selects and marks the target on the indicator, and the missile is aimed at this target automatically according to the stored image. The ATGM can also be programmed to strike a target from above with an encounter angle close to 90°.
The PARS 3 LR ATGM guidance system includes an anti-interference thermal imaging seeker operating in the 8-12 micron wavelength range.

The launch of the missile defense system is carried out according to the "fire and forget" principle, which allows the helicopter to change its position immediately after the missile launch and leave the enemy air defense coverage area. The GOS PC produces a target acquisition immediately before the missile launch. After detecting, identifying and identifying the target, the SD independently carries out targeting. The homing head uses IR technology, due to which there is a clear identification of targets and target designation over the entire range of ranges. The warhead is tandem. This ensures the destruction of tanks equipped with dynamic protection, helicopters, dugouts, field-type fortifications and command posts.

Anti-tank guided missile PARS 3 LR structurally consists of four compartments. In the first, under a glass fairing, there is a thermal imaging homing head, and behind it is a tandem cumulative warhead and a cocking mechanism. The second compartment contains electronic equipment (three-stage gyroscope and on-board computer). Next are the fuel and engine compartments, respectively. The PARS 3LR ATGM is protected from enemy electronic countermeasures, which makes it possible to reduce the load on the pilot when performing a combat mission.

Appearance ATGM "Brimstone"

The layout of the ATGM "Brimstone": 1 - GOS; 2 - pre-charge; 3 - main charge; 4 - power drive; 5 - solid propellant; 6 - control module

Anti-tank guided missile "Brimstone". This ATGM was adopted by the British Army Aviation in 2002.

The rocket is built according to the normal aerodynamic scheme, the head part is closed with a hemispherical fairing. The body has an elongated cylindrical shape. A crosswise trapezoidal plumage is attached to the front of the ATGM, trapezoidal stabilizers are attached to the engine compartment, turning into rotary control aerodynamic planes-rudders. "Brimstone" has a modular design.

This ATGM is equipped with an active radar MMV seeker, developed by specialists from GEC-Marconi (Great Britain). It has a Cossegrain antenna with one movable mirror. The homing head detects, recognizes and classifies a target using a built-in algorithm. During guidance in the final section, the GOS determines the optimal aiming point. The remaining components of the ATGM (digital autopilot, warhead, solid propellant rocket engine) were borrowed unchanged from the American Hellfire ATGM.

The rocket is equipped with a cumulative tandem warhead and solid propellant rocket engine. The engine operation time is about 2.5 s. The guidance module consists of a digital autopilot and an INS, which is used for guidance in the middle flight segment. The rocket is equipped with an electric power drive.

The Brimstone ATGM has two guidance modes. In the direct (direct) mode, the pilot enters data about the target he has detected into the on-board computer of the missile, and after launch it flies to the target and hits it without further participation of the pilot. In indirect mode, the process of attacking the target is planned in advance. Before the flight, the target search area, its type, as well as the starting point of its search are determined. These data are entered into the rocket's on-board computer just before launch. After launch, the ATGM performs flight at a fixed altitude, the value of which is given. Since in this case the target is captured after launch, in order to avoid the defeat of friendly troops, the missile seeker does not work. Upon reaching a given area, the GOS is turned on and a search for a target is carried out. If it is not detected and the ATGM has gone beyond the specified area, then it will self-destruct.

This missile is resistant to blackout zones or battlefield decoys such as smoke, dust, flares. It contains algorithms for recognizing the main targets. If it is necessary to defeat other objects, new target recognition algorithms can be developed and the ATGM can be easily reprogrammed.

Anti-tank guided missile JAGM. Currently, R&D to create a fourth-generation JAGM (Joint Air-to-Ground Missile) ATGM is at the development and demonstration stage. It is to enter service with the US Air Force in 2016.
This missile is being created as part of a joint program with the participation of specialists from the Army, Navy and US Marine Corps. It is a continuation of the program to create a universal rocket for all types of national aircraft JCM (Joint Common Missile), R&D for which was discontinued in 2007. Lockheed Martin and Boeing/Raytheon are taking part in the competitive development.

According to the results of the competition scheduled for 2011, the full-scale development of the JAGM ATGM will begin. The missile will be equipped with a three-mode seeker, which will provide the possibility of radar, infrared or semi-active laser targeting. This will allow SD to detect, recognize and hit stationary and mobile targets on long range and under any weather conditions on the battlefield. Multifunctional warhead will ensure the defeat of various types of targets. In this case, the pilot from the cockpit will be able to choose the type of detonation of the warhead.

In August 2010, Lockheed Martin specialists conducted tests to launch the JAGM ATGM. During them, she hit the target, while the guidance accuracy (KVO) was 5 cm. The rocket was launched from a distance of 16 km, while the GOS used a semi-active laser mode.

If this program is successfully completed, the JAGM ATGM will replace the AGM-65 Maverick guided missiles in service, as well as the AGM-114 Hellfire and BGM-71 Toe ATGMs.

The US Army Command plans to purchase at least 54,000 ATGMs of this type. The total cost of the program for the development and purchase of the JAGM missile is $122 million.

Thus, anti-tank guided missiles in the next two decades will remain the most effective and accessible means combating armored fighting vehicles. An analysis of the state of their development shows that in the forecast period in the leading foreign countries ATGMs of the first and second generations will be removed from service, and only third-generation missiles will remain.

After 2011, missiles equipped with dual-mode seekers will appear in service, which will make it possible to recognize targets (our own and others') with a guaranteed probability and hit them at the most vulnerable point. The firing range of ATGMs will increase to 12 km or more. Warheads will be improved when operating against armored targets equipped with multilayer or dynamic armor. In this case, armor penetration will reach 1300-1500 mm. ATGMs will be equipped with multifunctional warheads, which will allow hitting targets of various types.

	AGM-114F "Hellfire"	"Tou-2A"	"Tou-2V"	"Spike-ER"	PARS 3LR	"Brimstone"	JAGM
Maximum firing range, km	8	3,75	4	0,4-8	8	10	16 - helicopters 28 - airplanes
Armor penetration, mm	1200	1000	1200	1100	1200	1200-1300 .	1200
Warhead type	Cumulative tandem	Cumulative tandem	Side combat (shock core)	Cumulative	Cumulative tandem	Cumulative tandem	Cumulative tandem / high-explosive fragmentation
Maximum M number	1	1	1	1,2	300 m/s	1,2-1,3	1,7
Type of guidance system	Semi-active laser seeker, analog autopilot		Semi-automatic by wire	IR GOS	Thermal imaging seeker	INS, digital autopilot and active radar MMV GOS	INS, digital autopilot and multi-mode seeker
Propulsion type	RDTT	RDTT	RDTT	RDTT	Solid propellant rocket motor with thrust vector control	RDTT	RDTT
Launch weight of the rocket, kg	48,6	24	26	47	48	49	52
Rocket length, m	1,8	1,55	1,17	1,67	1,6	1,77	1,72
Hull diameter, m	0,178	0,15	0,15	0,171	0,15	0,178	0,178
Carrier	Helicopters AN-64A and D; UH-60A, L and M; OH-58D; A-129; AH-1W	helicopters AN-1S and W, A-129, "Lynx"		Helicopters "Tiger", AH-1S "Cobra", "Gazelle"	Helicopters "Tiger"	Aircraft "Harrier" GR.9; "Typhoon"; Tornado GR.4, WAH-64D helicopters	AN-IS helicopters; AH-1W AH-64A.D; UH-60A,L,M; OH-58D; A-129; AH-1W
Warhead weight, kg		5-5,8	5-6,0

Foreign military review. - 2011. - No. 4. - pp. 64-70

ATGM is an anti-tank guided missile used to destroy tanks and other armored targets. Previously, the term ATGM was used - an anti-tank guided missile.

It is a solid-propellant rocket with control and stabilization systems on board. In the event that control is carried out by the operator, devices for receiving and decrypting control signals are added.

The first steps

The first anti-tank guided missile was created in 1944 in Germany, called the Ruhrstahl X-7. They had a solid-propellant two-stage engine, a stabilizer, a shaped charge, and were controlled by wire using a kind of joystick. Unfortunately, there is no exact data on their combat use.

Later, in 1956, French SS.10s were used in Egypt, and in 1967, Soviet 9K11 Malyutka ATGMs were used. They belong to the first generation, which has pronounced shortcomings due to fully manual control by wire.

Firstly, highly qualified personnel were required, since it was necessary to carry out manual guidance until the target was hit.

Secondly, the operators were very vulnerable, being subjected to machine gun fire while driving.

Perfection

The creators of the second generation of ATGMs tried to solve these shortcomings by using a semi-automatic guidance system that takes control of the flight and requires the operator only to keep the target in the optical sight.

Such anti-tank missiles include TOW, Dragon, HOT and others known to many. You can also add laser-guided missiles here, such as Hellfire or Maverick.

In the USSR, the development of tank guided weapon systems was intensively carried out, which made it possible to fire guided missiles from a tank barrel, aiming with a standard sighting system. This type of weapon has taken root and is standard for modern domestic tanks.

Despite significant improvements, the second generation has serious drawbacks.

Laser homing heads are sensitive both to natural interference in the form of dust or smoke, and to artificial ones created by the enemy.

The operator still has to guide the anti-tank guided missile before hitting the target, which reduces the rate of fire and increases vulnerability.

The rockets themselves have speeds up to 300 m/s, which causes long time flight.

Our days

Currently, the armies of the whole world are actively switching to third-generation complexes, which allow them to be used on a "fire and forget" basis.

Such systems have their own guidance system that does not require an operator, noise-free channels, the ability to hit equipment in vulnerable places like a roof, and a tandem warhead that can cope with dynamic armor.

The most famous representative of the third generation ATGM is the FGM-148 Javelin, developed in 1989 and put into production in 1996.

It allows you to hit any armored vehicles that are not equipped with active protection of the upper hemisphere, is resistant to interference, and can be launched from the premises. But its $100,000 cost is the highest in ATGM history.

The modern Russian Kornet complex belongs to the 2+ generation, since it is guided by a laser beam, which gives them both disadvantages and advantages.

Such a guidance system allows you to more confidently capture targets, fire at pillboxes, bunkers and other objects, shoot at a distance of up to 5.5 km. And the price of the Cornet is several times lower than the same Javelin.

Due to beam guidance, the domestic ATGM may not overcome the modern active protection and this is often called the biggest disadvantage.

On domestic tanks, as mentioned earlier, guided weapon systems are used, now it is the Reflex ATGM using 9M119M Invar and 9M119M1 Invar-M missiles.

This allows you to hit targets at distances up to 5 km, while the firing range of a tank gun usually does not exceed 3 km.