Opening of a representative office in the Eurasian Economic Union. Cooperation within the EAEU is carried out in such areas as. EAEU Customs Union

05.03.2020

International associations make it possible to develop the economies of the participating countries, expand markets and receive other benefits for all interested parties. These and other goals led to the creation of the Customs Union (according to the new version EAEU, transcript - Eurasian Economic Union) in 1995. Today, its permanent participants are 5 states that have adopted common rules for the import and export of products across their borders and comply with a number of conditions of signed international agreements.

What is the correct decoding and abbreviation for the EAEU

Very often you can find incorrect abbreviations: "EAC", "EurAsEC", "UES".

The correct abbreviation is indicated in the documents of one of the main governing bodies of the Union of the Eurasian Economic Commission - "EAEU", and there are no other options.

The old name "Customs Union" ceased to exist on January 1, 2015, along with the signing of an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union, but is very often used in everyday life and information sources.

Beyond the Commission the structure of the EAEU includes also the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, whose members are the presidents of the countries participating in the union. The heads of government are members of another governing body - the Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council. The Court of the Union functions to ensure the fulfillment of the requirements of international treaties.

EAEU countries: list for 2019, who is part of

The history of the foundation of the EAEU began with the unification of 3 states. Now the composition has expanded and not only due to permanent participants. Work is also underway to expand the economic space, and other states are showing interest in it. Countries that are part of the EAEU:

The Russian Federation;
Republic of Belarus;
Republic of Armenia;
The Republic of Kazakhstan;
Republic of Kyrgyzstan.

Since 2018, Moldova has received the status of an observer state. Agreements and memorandums, including temporary ones, have been signed with China, Cuba, Vietnam, and Iran on a free trade zone. Negotiations are underway on cooperation with several other countries around the world. These steps will expand opportunities for the economy of the EAEU member states as a whole, simplify activities for private business and the public sector. For example, certificates of conformity for products under the technical regulations of the Customs Union (EAEU) do not need to be obtained in each participating country. These documents are recognized in all states from the list above.

Technical regulation and certification

The idea was proposed by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Back in 1994, he came up with the initiative to unite the countries of Eurasia, which would be based on a common economic space and defense policy.

twenty years later

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on the Eurasian Economic Union, which entered into force on January 1, 2015. The next day, on January 2, Armenia became a member of the union, and on August 12 of the same year, Kyrgyzstan joined the organization.

In the twenty years since Nazarbayev's proposal, there has been a progressive movement. In 1995, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus signed an agreement on the Customs Union, designed to ensure free exchange of goods between states, as well as fair competition among economic entities.

Thus was laid the first stone in the integration of the former Soviet republics, based on deeper principles than those on which the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), created at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, was based.

Other states of the region also showed interest in the Customs Union, in particular, it included Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The process smoothly moved to a new stage - in 1999, the member countries of the Customs Union signed an agreement on the Common Economic Space, and in the following 2000, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan established the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC).

Things didn't always go smoothly. Disagreements arose between the states, but the legal basis for cooperation was born in disputes - in 2010, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan signed 17 basic international treaties, on the basis of which the Customs Union began to work in a new way. A single customs tariff was adopted, customs clearance and customs control at internal borders were abolished, and the movement of goods on the territory of the three states became unhindered.

In the following 2011, the countries moved to create a single economic space. In December, an appropriate agreement was signed between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, which entered into force on January 1, 2012. According to the agreement, not only goods, but also services, capital, and labor force began to move freely on the territory of these countries.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has become a logical continuation of this process.

Objectives of the Union

The main goals of the creation of the EAEU according to the agreement are:

creation of conditions for the stable development of the economies of the states that have joined the organization, in the interests of raising the living standards of their population;
formation within the framework of the union of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources;
comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the context of the process of economic globalization.

Governing bodies

The main body of the EAEU is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, which consists of the heads of state of the members of the organization. The tasks of the Council include solving strategically important issues of the functioning of the union, determining areas of activity, prospects for the development of integration, making decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the EAEU.

Regular meetings of the Council are held at least once a year, and extraordinary meetings are convened at the initiative of any member state of the organization or the current Chairman of the Council.

Another governing body of the EAEU is the Intergovernmental Council, which includes the heads of government. Its meetings are held at least twice a year. The agenda of the meetings is formed by the permanent regulatory body of the Union - the Eurasian Economic Commission, whose powers include:

Enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;
establishment of trade regimes for third countries;
statistics of foreign and mutual trade;
industrial and agricultural subsidies;
energy policy;
natural monopolies;
mutual trade in services and investments;
transport and transportation;
monetary policy;
protection and protection of the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization of goods, works and services;
customs-tariff and non-tariff regulation;
customs administration;
and others, totaling about 170 functions of the EAEU.

There is also a permanent Union Court, which consists of two judges from each state. The Court considers disputes arising on the implementation of the main treaty and international treaties within the Union and decisions of its governing bodies. Both the member states of the Union and individual entrepreneurs working on their territory can apply to the court.

Membership in the EAEU

The Union is open for any state to join it, and not only the Eurasian region. The main thing is to share its goals and principles, as well as comply with the conditions agreed with the members of the EAEU.

At the first stage, it is necessary to obtain the status of a candidate state. To do this, it is necessary to send an appropriate appeal to the chairman of the Supreme Council. Under his direction, the council will decide whether or not to grant the applicant the status of a Candidate State. If the decision is positive, then a working group will be created, it consists of representatives of the candidate state, current members of the Union, its governing bodies.

The working group determines the degree of readiness of the candidate state to assume obligations arising from the fundamental documents of the Union, then the working group develops a plan of measures necessary for joining the organization, determines the scope of the rights and obligations of the candidate state, and then the format of its participation in the work of the Union bodies .

Currently, there are a number of potential applicants for the status of a candidate for joining the EAEU. Among them are the following states:

Tajikistan;
Moldova;
Uzbekistan;
Mongolia;
Turkey;
Tunisia;
Iran;
Syria;
Turkmenistan.

According to experts, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are the most ready countries for cooperation in this format.

Another form of cooperation with the EAEU is the status of an observer state. It is acquired similarly to the status of a candidate for membership and gives the right to take part in the work of the Council's bodies, to get acquainted with the adopted documents, with the exception of documents that are confidential.

On May 14, 2018, Moldova received the observer status of the EAEU. In general, according to Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, about 50 states are currently interested in cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union.

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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF PEOPLE'S ECONOMY ANDCIVIL SERVICE UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

HIGH SCHOOL OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT

Bachelor's program

Direction 100700.62 "Trading"

ESSAY

Subject: « The History of the Creation of the Eurasian Economic Union”

Completed by: Vanyushina A.A.

Checked by: Romanova M.E.

Moscow - 2015

Introduction

1. History of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

2. Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

3. Functions of the Eurasian Economic Union

4. Organizational structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

5. Prospective integration agenda of the EAEU with non-CIS countries

Bibliography

Introduction

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015. The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The idea of forming the Eurasian Union of States was first put forward by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, on March 29, 1994, during a speech at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. It was based on a large-scale project developed by the Kazakh leader to integrate new independent states on a qualitatively new, pragmatic and mutually beneficial economic basis. The innovation was that, along with the further improvement of the Commonwealth of Independent States, to create a new integration structure, the purpose of which would be the formation of a coordinated economic policy and the adoption of joint strategic development programs. Integration in the Eurasian Union was ensured, according to the project, by a clearer and more detailed institutional structure of the new integration association and a sufficient amount of its regulatory powers in key sectors of the economy, as well as in political, defense, legal, environmental, cultural, and educational spheres.

The Eurasian Economic Union is the most ambitious and, at the same time, the most realistic, based on clearly calculated economic advantages and mutual benefits, integration project in modern Eurasia. This is a qualitatively new level of economic interaction between neighboring states, opening up broad prospects for economic growth, forming new competitive advantages and additional opportunities for the "integration trio" in the modern global world.

1. History of creation

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later the acceding states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007 in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as a first step towards the formation of a broader European Union type of economic union of the former Soviet republics.

The establishment of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007. The first treaty in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

The access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was granted after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union, which are applicable to these products. As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover various types of products, some of which have already entered into force, and some will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations are yet to be developed.

Before the Technical Regulations entered into force, the following rules were the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.

2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the "List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the framework of the Customs Union", - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, the member states have implemented the work of the joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified the basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

On May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed.

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Since January 2, 2015, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan have become members of the EAEU.

2. Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the supreme supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. The adopted decisions become binding for implementation in all participating States. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is one permanent regulatory body (supranational governing body) in the EAEU. The main task of the EEC is to provide conditions for the development and functioning of the EAEU, as well as the development of initiatives for economic integration within the EAEU.

The powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission are defined in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 18, 2010. All rights and functions of the previously existing Commission of the Customs Union have been delegated to the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the competence of the Commission:

· customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;

· customs administration;

· technical regulation;

sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;

· enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;

Establishment of trade regimes with third countries;

· statistics of foreign and domestic trade;

· macroeconomic policy;

· competition policy;

• industrial and agricultural subsidies;

· energy policy;

natural monopolies;

· state and municipal purchases;

· internal trade in services and investments;

transport and transportation;

· monetary policy;

· migration policy;

financial markets (banking, insurance, currency and stock markets);

and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation of international treaties that form the legal basis of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that constituted the legal framework of the CU and the CES, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, such as recommendations, and may also make decisions that are binding on the member countries of the EAEU.

The budget of the Commission is made up of the contributions of the Member States and is approved by the Heads of the EAEU Member States.

3. FfunctionsEurasian Economic Union

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, signed by the heads of state of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia in Astana on May 29, 2014. The EAEU ensures the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, the conduct of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. The Union carries out its activities on the basis of the following principles: - respect for the universally recognized principles of international law, including the principles of the sovereign equality of member states and their territorial integrity; - respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the member states; - ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and consideration of the national interests of the Parties; - observance of the principles of market economy and fair competition;

The functioning of the customs union without exceptions and restrictions after the end of the transitional periods.

The main goals of the Union are:

Creation of conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of raising the living standards of their population;

Striving for the formation of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources within the Union;

Comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The Union is vested with competence within the limits and scope established by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. The Member States carry out a coordinated or agreed policy within the limits and volumes established by the Treaty and international treaties within the Union. In other areas of the economy, the Member States strive to implement a coordinated or coordinated policy in accordance with the basic principles and objectives of the Union.

4. Organizational structureEurasian Economic Union

eurasian economic international union

The bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union are:

Supreme Eurasian Economic Council;

Eurasian Intergovernmental Council;

Eurasian Economic Commission;

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Higher Eurasian economic advice(Supreme Council, SEEC) is the supreme body of the Union, consisting of the heads of the member states of the Union. The Supreme Council considers the fundamental issues of the Union's activities, determines the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration and makes decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the Union.

Decisions and orders of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council are adopted by consensus. The decisions of the Supreme Council are subject to execution by the Member States in the manner prescribed by their national legislation. Meetings of the Supreme Council are held at least once a year. Extraordinary meetings of the Supreme Council may be convened at the initiative of any of the Member States or the Chairman of the Supreme Council to resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities.

The meetings of the Supreme Council are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Supreme Council. Members of the Council of the Commission, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Commission and other invited persons may participate in the meetings of the Supreme Council at the invitation of the Chairman of the Supreme Council.

Eurasian intergovernmental advice(Intergovernmental Council) is the organ of the Union, consisting of the heads of government of the Member States. The Intergovernmental Council ensures the implementation and control over the implementation of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties within the Union and decisions of the Supreme Council; considers, at the proposal of the Council of the Commission, issues on which no consensus has been reached; gives instructions to the Commission, and also exercises other powers provided for by the Treaty on the EAEU and international treaties within the Union. Decisions and orders of the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council are adopted by consensus and are subject to execution by the Member States in the manner prescribed by their national legislation. Meetings of the Intergovernmental Council are held as needed, but at least 2 times a year. To resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities, on the initiative of any of the Member States or the Chairman of the Intergovernmental Council, extraordinary meetings of the Intergovernmental Council may be convened.

Eurasian Economic Commission- permanent regulatory body of the Union. The Commission consists of the Council and the Collegium. The Commission adopts decisions of a regulatory nature and binding on the Member States, orders of an organizational and administrative nature, and recommendations that are not binding. Decisions of the Commission are included in the law of the Union and are subject to direct application in the territories of the Member States.

Decisions, orders and recommendations of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission are adopted by consensus. Decisions, orders and recommendations of the EEC Board are adopted by a qualified majority (2/3 of the total number of members of the Board) or by consensus (on sensitive issues, the list of which is determined by the SEEC).

The commission is located in Moscow.

Court of the Eurasian Economic Union(hereinafter referred to as the Court) is a permanent judicial body of the Eurasian Economic Union, the status, composition, competence and procedure for the functioning and formation of which are determined by the Statute of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The purpose of the Court's activities is to ensure the uniform application by the Member States and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, international treaties within the Union, international treaties of the Union with a third party and decisions of the bodies of the Union. The Court considers disputes arising from the implementation of the Treaty on the EAEU, international treaties within the Union and (or) decisions of the Union bodies at the request of a Member State or at the request of an economic entity. Based on the results of consideration of disputes at the request of a Member State, the Court issues a decision that is binding on the parties to the dispute. Based on the results of consideration of disputes at the request of an economic entity, the Court issues a decision that is binding on the Commission.

The Court consists of two judges from each Member State, appointed by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on the proposal of the Member States for a period of nine years. The Court considers cases as part of the Grand Collegium of the Court, the Collegium of the Court and the Court of Appeal. The EAEU Court is located in Minsk.

5. The prospective integration agenda of the EAEUwith foreign countries

Discussion of the possible integration of Russia as a member of the EAEU with third countries intensified in 2011-2012, when they began to consider the prospects for signing agreements on free trade zones (FTAs) with New Zealand, Vietnam and the ASEAN countries. Later, negotiations began on signing a trade agreement with the European Free Trade Association (Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein), and in 2014 with Israel. The possibility of creating free trade zones with India and the United States was discussed. Trade and economic integration with the EU has been discussed since the Russia-EU summit in 2005. So far, none of these agreements has been signed, and some negotiations (with Norway, Switzerland, New Zealand, the US, the EU) have either been suspended or have not even begun for political reasons.

Literature

1. Eurasian Economic Union. Questions and answers. Figures and facts. -M., 2014. - 216 p.

2. A. Knobel Eurasian Economic Union: development prospects and possible obstacles.

3. Libman A. (2005). Economic Integration in the Post-Soviet Space: Institutional Aspect // Issues of Economics. No. 3. S. 142--156.

4. Mau V.??A., Kovalev G.??S., Novikov V.??V., Yanovsky K.??E. (2004). Problems of Russia's Integration into the Single European Space (Scientific Works No. 71P). Moscow: Institute for the Economy in Transition.

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* 2019: Pensions for labor migrants

In June 2019, it became known that Russia would start paying pensions to labor migrants from the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union - Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

The decision is being prepared as part of an agreement on pension provision within the union.

According to the document, which was prepared in March and must be ratified by the EAEU member countries before the end of 2019, the country in which the migrant worked and made contributions to the pension fund will pay him a pension after returning to his homeland.

The new measures will help restore the influx of labor migrants, which last year collapsed to a minimum in the entire post-Soviet history and no longer covers the natural decline in the population.

2018: China and the EAEU signed an agreement on trade and economic cooperation

An agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and China was signed in May 2018 during the Astana Economic Forum, which takes place on Thursday in the capital of Kazakhstan, RIA Novosti correspondent reports.

According to the EEC press service, the EAEU and China have been negotiating an agreement on trade and economic cooperation over the past two years. Agreements have been reached on large-scale and sectoral cooperation. The agreement sets a high standard for regulation in various areas, including the protection and protection of intellectual property rights.

Earlier, the Minister of National Economy of Kazakhstan, Timur Suleimenov, said that "the agreement is non-preferential and does not provide for the abolition of duties or the automatic reduction of non-tariff barriers."

2017: Plan for linking transport routes with the Silk Road Belt

As Adamkul Zhunusov noted in 2017, cooperation between the EAEU countries and the People's Republic of China opens up huge opportunities for the development of economic ties, trade, and the creation of new transport routes between Europe and Asia, which will significantly increase economic potential. A significant synergistic effect is expected from the implementation of a joint project with China to link the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Part of the infrastructure projects will be financed at the expense of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. As a first step, the Chinese side proposed to the states located along the Silk Road to form a list of pilot projects, taking into account common interests. Such a list of 39 projects has already been prepared by a specially created working group and approved by the ministers of transport of the Union member states, Zhunusov recalled. Among the most significant joint initiatives, he noted the construction of new roads within the framework of the international transport route Europe - Western China with a length of 8,445 km, a high-speed highway Moscow - Kazan with a length of 770 km (within the framework of the Moscow - Beijing high-speed railway), the China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan railway as a southern branches of the continental bridge of Eurasia, which opens access to the markets of Western Asia and the countries of the Middle East. The EEC Minister made a special emphasis on the implementation of the “Armenia-Iran Southern Railway” project, which connects the existing railway system of Armenia with Iran. For a substantive discussion of these projects, it was decided to invite the Minister of Transport of China Li Xiaopeng to the next Meeting of Ministers of Transport of the Union Member States in December 2017, said Adamkul Zhunusov.

2015: Formation of an alliance

2014: Signing of documents on the creation of the EAEU

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed documents on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. The Treaty was concluded with the aim of ensuring economic progress through joint actions aimed at solving the common tasks facing the Member States for sustainable economic development, comprehensive modernization and strengthening the competitiveness of national economies within the global economy.

The management system will be similar to the one that has been in force since 2012 after the transformation of the Customs Union into the Common Economic Space (CES). Members of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and its Chairman Viktor Khristenko will retain their positions. The agreement completes the five-year stage of the formation of the union, which began in 2009 with the creation of the Customs Union, Andrey Slepnev, Minister of Trade of the EEC, explains: the union will become an independent subject of international law.

Single market for goods and services

The three countries are agreeing on the creation of a single market for goods and services, although it will not fully operate until 2025 - single markets for gas and oil must be created. The trade policy of the EAEU will not change: uniform customs regulation and tariff, free movement of goods. The norms for the distribution of income from import duties will not change: Russia will receive 87.97%, Kazakhstan 7.33%, Belarus 4.7%.

The agreement spells out the mechanisms for protecting the market from imports. Seasonal duties can be set for up to 6 months, protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures can be applied.

“In critical circumstances,” the EAEU Commission may impose retroactive anti-dumping duties for 200 days until the completion of the investigation. While the anti-dumping investigation is underway, there is a risk that importers will bring in a year's supply of goods, and this damage must be prevented. This is a WTO-sanctioned instrument,” says Slepnev.

Severstal CEO Alexei Mordashov asked Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev about the possibility of introducing such duties back in 2013. Without this, protective investigations are meaningless, he explained.

Single regime for investment

It is planned to unify the regime for investments in the countries of the union. Investors will have the right to compensate at the expense of the state the damage to their investments as a result of unrest, wars and revolutions. On the one hand, the nationalization of private assets is prohibited, on the other hand, a compensation mechanism is described in the investment protection annex: it must be market-based, paid quickly, and interest may be charged for delay.

The Eurasian Economic Union is a modern operating international regional organization, as it has all the features of such an intergovernmental structure. The goals and principles on which the creation and activities of the Eurasian Economic Union are based are clearly illustrated in Figures 2.1 and 2.2, respectively.

Figure 2.1-Principles of functioning of the EAEU

Figure 2.2 - Main objectives of the EAEU

It should be noted from the figure that these goals should be achieved through the implementation of the following tasks:

Reduction of transport costs aimed at reducing the prices of goods;

Stimulation of competition in the common market of the EAEU countries;

Stimulation of an efficient economy by reducing costs, increasing labor productivity, increasing production and introducing new technologies;

Increase in consumer demand;

Improving the welfare of the population of the EAEU countries.

According to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, article 8, in order to solve the tasks set and achieve the corresponding goals, the organizational structure of the Eurasian Economic Union was formed, which is one of the main, necessary and characteristic elements of an international organization, each of which is endowed with its own powers, competence and functions.

Figure 2.3 - Organizational structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

Figure 2.4 - Court of the Eurasian Economic Union

The figure shows that the structure of the EAEU includes:

1. The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the main governing body of the EAEU, which includes the heads of the member states of the union.

The Supreme Council functions in the manner determined by the Treaty on the EAEU (Article 11 “Procedure for the work of the Supreme Council”), supplemented and specified by the Supreme Council itself (Decision No. 96 of December 23, 2014 “On the procedure for organizing meetings of the Supreme Eurasian Council”).

In accordance with this procedure, regular meetings of the Supreme Council must be held at least once a year. To resolve urgent issues, extraordinary meetings may be convened at the initiative of any of the Member States or a representative of the Supreme Council.

The President of the Supreme Council, whose post is alternately held by the Heads of the Member States for one year, performs the following functions:

Organizes the work of the Supreme Council;

Carries out general management of the preparation of issues submitted for consideration by the Supreme Council.

As a general rule, the decisions and orders of the Supreme Council are adopted by consensus, that is, by common consent.

As the main body of the EAEU, the Supreme Council is empowered to consider the fundamental issues of the EAEU, determine the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration, as well as make decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the EAEU.

More clearly, the main powers of the Supreme Council are presented in the figure. 2.5

The figure shows that the specific powers of the Supreme Council are the formation of the governing bodies of the EAEU such as the EEC, and the Court of the EAEU; approval of the budget of the EAEU, general management of the international activities of the EAEU, including the adoption of decisions on the conclusion of international agreements of the EAEU with third parties, as well as the approval of the symbols of the EAEU.

The Supreme Council does not have a permanent location; its meetings can be held on the territory of any member state of the EAEU. The place and time of the next meeting of the Supreme Council is determined at the previous meeting of the Supreme Council.

2. The Eurasian Intergovernmental Council - is the second most important body of the political leadership of the EAEU, in which the main decisions are made, and also regulates economic activity and cooperation within the union, consisting of the heads of government of the member states of the union.

Figure 2.5 - Main powers of the Supreme Council of the EAEU

As the second most important body of political leadership, the Intergovernmental Council exercises the following powers:

Conducts meetings of the Intergovernmental Council;

Organizes the work of the Intergovernmental Council;

Carries out general management of the preparation of issues submitted for consideration;

Prepares issues for approval by the Supreme Council, for example, approves the draft budget of the EAEU or submits candidates for appointment to the Eurasian Economic Commission;

Exercises political control over the activities of the EEC as a regulatory body of the EAEU, in particular, the cancellation or suspension of decisions of the Commission, consideration of issues on which representatives of the Member States in the Commission could not reach consensus;

Establishes the procedure for the implementation of joint measures of the Member States in the field of industrial policy, conducts joint programs, projects, and also approves the main directions of industrial cooperation within the framework of the EAEU.

3. The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The main tasks of the Eurasian Economic Commission are:

1) ensuring the conditions for the functioning and development of the union - as a regulatory body, the EAEU independently carries out the legal regulation of the Eurasian economic integration;

2) the development of proposals in the field of economic integration within the framework of the EEC Union initiates the adoption of new measures to develop integration processes within the EAEU, which it submits for approval by the member states and political leadership of the EAEU.

The general list of issues in respect of which the commission exercises powers is very extensive, it includes 20 areas of economic integration and allows for further expansion.

The areas of authority of the Commission are enshrined in Appendix No. 1 to the Treaty "On the Eurasian Economic Union", among them:

Customs-tariff and non-tariff regulation;

Customs regulation;

Technical regulation;

Sanitary, veterinary-sanitary and quarantine phytosanitary measures;

Enrollment and distribution of import customs duties;

Establishment of trade regimes for third parties;

Statistics of foreign and mutual trade;

macroeconomic policy;

Competition policy;

Industrial and agricultural subsidies and others.

Within the established areas of activity, the Commission may make binding decisions and recommendations that may affect the conditions for doing business in the EAEU.

It should be noted from the figure that the organization of the decision-making process by the Eurasian Economic Commission implies close, phased and coordinated interaction with the parties - the relevant ministries and departments of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.

This ensures the adoption of coordinated, thoughtful, well-designed decisions that take into account the interests and requirements of the parties, as well as the best world practices.

A feature of the composition and functioning of the commission, which differs from other bodies of the EAEU, is that it functions at two levels, which consists of two structural divisions - the Council and the Collegium.

The Council of the Commission includes representatives of Member States at the level of Deputy Heads of Government, one representative from each Member State.

The government of each member state independently determines which of the deputy heads of government will represent it in the composition of the commission.

The submitted candidature is brought to the attention of other member states, then it is preliminary considered by the Intergovernmental Council and, upon its submission, by the Supreme Council.

The Council is the highest internal unit within the structure of the Commission, which has two main functions, which are clearly illustrated in Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.7 - Main functions of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission

It should be noted from the figure that within the framework of the first function, the council approves key decisions, the adoption of which is attributed to the powers of the commission, for example, the establishment and change of duties of the Common Customs Tariff of the EAEU, the adoption of technical regulations of the EAEU, the approval of the procedure for conducting an investigation, violations of the general rules of competition at cross-border markets.

As part of the second main function, the Council exercises political control over the second, lower subdivision of the Commission - the Collegium, which can review its decisions.

Council meetings are held as needed, but at least once a quarter. They are held under the leadership of the Chairman of the Council, whose position the members of the council hold in turn for one year.

The Council of the Commission adopts decisions, orders and recommendations on the basis of consensus.

When exercising their powers, they are independent of the state bodies and officials of the Member States and cannot request and receive instructions from the authorities or officials of the Member States, as well as from the authorities of third states.

The members of the Board are also subject to special restrictions designed to ensure their independence and interests.

Members of the Board have the rank of minister responsible for a specific branch of government:

1. Minister for the main directions of integration and macroeconomics.

2. Minister for Economy and Finance.

3. Minister for Industry and Agro-Industrial Complex.

4. Minister for technical regulation.

Members of the Collegium are appointed by the Supreme Council for a period of 4 years with a possible extension of their powers.

As the executive body of the Commission, the Collegium manages integration processes in relation to issues not assigned to the Council. Within this framework, the Collegium is authorized to issue legal acts on behalf of the Commission, including those legally binding for the decision of the Member States, citizens and legal entities.

In addition to the main structural subdivisions of the internal bodies of the Council and the Collegium, departments have been formed in the structure of the Commission, which are clearly illustrated in Figure 2.7.

From the figure, it can be stated that the Departments are sectoral divisions that prepare materials and monitor the implementation by the Member States of the EAEU law in specific areas of economic life.

The Departments are composed of officials and staff acting as international civil servants, possessing the necessary professional qualifications and exercising their powers independently of Member States. They are recruited by the Chairman of the Board, who also appoints a director and deputies for each department.

Figure 2.7 - Departments of the Eurasian Economic Commission

The general management of the departments is carried out by the Collegium, and each of its ministers controls the activities of certain departments placed under his subordination in accordance with the distribution of duties.

The EEC has 18 Advisory Committees, where the heads of a number of large business structures of the allied countries are also represented on macroeconomic policy, statistics, customs regulation, interaction of regulatory authorities at the customs border, trade, and technical regulation.

In Figure 2.9, we will consider in more detail the advisory council for interaction between the EEC and the business community of the EAEU member states.

It can be seen from the figure that the Advisory Council, within the framework of interaction with the business community, carries out activities in such areas as: the development of integration and macroeconomics, the development of entrepreneurial activity, financial markets (banking, insurance, the foreign exchange market, the securities market), industry, the agro-industrial complex , mutual and foreign trade, technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures, customs administration, energy and natural monopolies, transport and infrastructure, development of competition and antimonopoly regulation, protection and protection of the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization of goods, works and services.

The Chairman of the Advisory Council is the Chairman of the EEC Board Viktor Khristenko, and his deputy is the member of the Board (Minister) in charge of Economics and Financial Policy of the EEC Timur Suleimenov. It has at its disposal a structural subdivision of the EEC, which performs summary analytical functions to ensure the activities of the Council, the Department for the Development of Entrepreneurial Activities of the Commission.

The Eurasian Economic Commission, as a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU, has a permanent location where all its structural divisions meet and work. This place is the capital of the Russian Federation, the city of Moscow.