Russian folk crafts. Folk crafts and crafts of Russia

Russian folk crafts are a special art that has developed in the cities and villages of Russia, most often represented by figurines or paintings on the theme of folk life or folklore stories. it National treasure Russian people.

Russian folk toy

Russian toys in the form of people, animals or fairy-tale scenes used to be made for magical and ritual purposes, especially in the North and in the Center of Russia. Some crafts have existed for 700 years, for example, Filimonov's whistle toys, which are made of clay with subsequent paintings. Also, the famous clay Dymkovo toy originates from the 15th-16th centuries, and in the 17th century wooden toys, known as Bogorodsk toys, appeared from the village of Bogorodskoye Sergiev Posad.

The main toys of Russian folk craft:

Russian folk paintings

Traditionally, household utensils could be painted, so ordinary household items had a recognizable national pattern - painting. From known ways mural Palekh , their motives are different - from biblical scenes and the faces of saints to paintings from real life or fairy tales. The style developed in the 18th century. Looks especially good on boxes. Zhostovo painting originates in the village of Zhostovo. It has existed since 1825. The main pattern is flowers. Suitable for painting dishes and wooden spoons. And the unique white and blue Gzhel painting of ceramics and porcelain, mainly dishes and figurines.

The main paintings of Russian folk craft:

Russian crafts

Folk motifs in crafts are not only a tradition, but also an ornament everyday life. Everyone knows some Russian crafts, nesting dolls are wooden dolls specific shape different sizes, but there are others: woolen shawls (Orenburg has been famous for them since the 18th century), Tula gingerbread (they are glazed and stuffed with jam or condensed milk) and samovars from P. N. Fomin’s factory, known since 1870 (everyone has heard the proverb about a trip “to Tulu with his samovar”, Kasli casting - specific cast-iron figurines (made in the city of Kasli, Chelyabinsk region).

Folk crafts are exactly what makes our culture rich and unique. Painted objects, toys and fabric products are taken away by foreign tourists in memory of our country.
Almost every corner of Russia has its own type of needlework, and in this material we have collected the brightest and most famous of them.

Any work of the master praises - it’s hard to disagree with this, looking at the “branded” things of Russian masters, which fell in love not only at home, but also fell in love far beyond its borders ...

Dymkovo toy

Bright and elegant Dymkovo toy has become a symbol of the Vyatka land. This is one of the oldest Russian crafts, which Vyatka craftsmen have been doing for 400 years. The appearance of the toy is associated with the spring holiday Whistle, when clay whistles in the form of lambs, horses, goats or ducks came out of the hands of the women of the Dymkovo settlement.
In the 1930s, not only a large number of variations of a spring toy on the theme of everyday and fairy tales, but many new ornaments and color combinations were developed. Each toy is unique and unique, because it is molded and painted by the master every time anew. At the same time, there are no analogues of this clay miracle in the world.

Orenburg shawl

This unsurpassed thing is knitted from goat down and cotton, silk or other threads that form its basis. Knitting from down in Orenburg began in the 18th century. Abroad, for the first time, the Orenburg downy shawl was presented in 1857 at the Paris International Exhibition. Beauty and grace conquered the European public. These scarves are the same integral part of the original Russian wardrobe as earflaps. Hats with earflaps have been worn in Russia for centuries, and today this headdress does not lose its relevance.

The French in the 18th-19th centuries imported tens of thousands of pounds of Orenburg down, which was placed higher than Kashmir. A shawl, a gossamer and a stole are the three main varieties of the Orenburg shawl. The main quality criteria - the handkerchief must pass through the ring and fit in the goose egg. The best "webs" are knitted today in the villages of Shishma and Zheltoye of the Saraktash region.

Zhostovo painting

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Vishnyakov brothers lived in one of the villages near Moscow in the former Troitskaya volost (now the Mytishchi district), and they painted lacquered metal trays, sugar bowls, pallets, papier-mâché boxes, cigarette cases, tea caddies, albums and other things. Since then, artistic painting in the Zhostovo style began to gain popularity and attract attention at numerous exhibitions in our country and abroad.

Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting has existed since the middle of the 19th century. Bright, laconic patterns reflect genre scenes, figures of horses, roosters, floral ornaments. The painting is done with a free stroke with a white and black graphic stroke, decorates spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, doors.

Gusevskoy crystal

Products made at the crystal factory in the city of Gus-Khrustalny can be found in museums around the world. Traditional Russian souvenirs, household items, sets for holiday table, fine jewelry, caskets, figurines self made reflect beauty native nature, its customs and native Russian values. Colored crystal products are especially popular.

Ural malachite

Despite the fact that malachite is mined not only in the Urals, this green mineral with a unique pattern is considered a "Russian" stone, because it is Ural malachite that surpasses the rest in its splendor: "on the surface, like velvet, but in a break, like satin." From the Urals, the generally accepted all over the world stone processing technique, called "Russian mosaic", also went. Russian tsars also liked to present malachite products. So, Alexander I gave Napoleon a table, a vase and a candelabra made of malachite. Unfortunately, today in the Urals there are almost no true craftsmen left who can create masterpieces like the vases of Halberg and Stackenschneider, the tabletops of Montferrand or the malachite columns of Bryullov.

Matryoshka

A round-faced and plump cheerful girl in a scarf and a Russian folk dress won the hearts of lovers of folk toys and beautiful souvenirs around the world.
Now the nesting doll is not just a folk toy, the keeper of Russian culture: it is a memorable souvenir for tourists, on the apron of which game scenes, fairy tale plots and landscapes with sights are finely drawn. Matryoshka has become a precious collectible that can cost more than one hundred dollars.

Tula samovar

In the 60s of the XVIII century, the gunsmith Fyodor Lisitsyn decided to organize an enterprise in Tula for the production of pots and "devices for heating water." Soon, not a single fair passes without the participation of this product of Tula masters. Along the Oka, “pot-bellied handsome men” traveled all over Russia. Interestingly, the price of the product was determined by its weight. Despite the variety of shapes and designs, any samovar had the same device - the walls of the pallet, jug, faucet, handles. Often, the whole family participated in the manufacture of the samovar - in this way, the older craftsmen passed on their experience and skills to the younger ones.
In 1829, at the St. Petersburg exhibition, Tula was awarded a small silver medal. Today, Tula samovars are not only an indispensable attribute of Russian tea drinking, but also genuine works of art that glorified Tula not only in their native country, but also far beyond its borders.

Shemogodskaya slotted birch bark

Products made of birch bark by masters of the Vologda region are filled with extraordinary warmth. The popularity of birch bark among our ancestors is not accidental - it is very light, durable and durable material. Dishes, baskets, tuesas, boxes, jewelry, clothes and shoes were made from birch bark. The most popular was the Shemogoda slotted birch bark, which got its name from the Shemoksy river, which flows below the Veliky Ustyug of the Vologda province. Openwork of floral ornament, intricately intertwined stems, flowers, leaves and berries - this makes the traditional pattern of Veliky Ustyug birch bark lace inimitable.

Khokhloma painting

Probably, Khokhloma painting appeared in the 17th century in the village of Khokhloma, on the left bank of the Volga. However, there large quantities and other versions of the appearance of this ancient folk craft. Traditional juicy rowan berries in gilded leaves on a black background can hardly leave you indifferent. Later, images of birds, fish and animals were added with floral ornaments. This type of decorative painting was used to decorate dishes and furniture. Cups, bowls, barrels, and, of course, wooden spoons - these are just a small part of the assortment with Khokhloma painting.
Khokhloma products are valued not only for their beauty, but also for their amazing practicality. In such dishes, you can serve okroshka and bring tea, and not worry that the colors will fade or the varnish will crack. Today, the Nizhny Novgorod village of Kovernino is considered the birthplace of Khokhloma. Khokhloma painting - unique phenomenon not only for Russia, but for the entire world of art

Tula gingerbread

Tula gingerbread is a Russian delicacy. Without these sweet and fragrant products, not a single event took place in Russia - neither cheerful nor sad. Gingerbread was served both at the royal table and at the peasant table. The traditional form is given to the gingerbread with the help of a board with a carved ornament.

gzhel

Gzhel bush, a district of 27 villages located near Moscow, is famous for its clays, which have been mined here since the middle of the 17th century. In the 19th century, Gzhel masters began to produce semi-faience, faience and porcelain. Of particular interest are still products painted in one color - blue overglaze paint applied with a brush, with graphic rendering of details.

Pavlovo Posad shawls

Bright and light, feminine Pavloposad shawls are always fashionable and relevant. This folk craft appeared at the end of the 18th century at a peasant enterprise in the village of Pavlovo, from which a shawl manufactory subsequently developed. It produced woolen shawls with a printed pattern, very popular at that time.
Now the original drawings are complemented by various elements such as fringe, created in different color schemes and remain the perfect accessory to almost any look.

Vologda lace

Vologda lace is woven on wooden sticks, bobbins. All images are made with a dense, continuous, uniform in width, smoothly wriggling linen braid. They clearly stand out against the background of patterned lattices, decorated with elements in the form of stars and rosettes.

Enamel

Vintage brooches, bracelets, pendants, rapidly "included" in modern fashion- nothing more than jewelry made using the technique of enamel. This kind applied arts originated in the 17th century Vologda region.
Masters depicted floral ornaments, birds, animals on white enamel using a variety of colors. Then the art of multi-colored enamel began to be lost, it began to be replaced by monochromatic enamel: white, blue and green. Now both styles are successfully combined.

Palekh caskets

small town in Ivanovo region Palekh has long been famous for icon painting. Ever since the time Tatar-Mongol yoke small "pysanka" icons were in great demand, which could be easily hidden. AT mid-seventeenth centuries, Palekh works reached Moscow, and masters began to be invited to work - the Faceted Chamber in the Kremlin, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the Novodevichy Convent were decorated with Palekh icons. In the 20th century, Palekh masters were forced to change the plot focus of their works - Pushkin's fairy tales, scenes from village life, revolutionary motives. At this time, an artel was created, which transferred lacquer painting to papier-mâché. Exquisite works of Palekh masters - cigarette cases and brooches, boxes and notebooks, caskets and famous caskets - are becoming known all over the world.

Folk art crafts are one of the forms of folk art in which Russian traditions that originated many centuries ago are clearly traced. Products of Russian crafts perfectly combine the uniqueness of the Russian traditional culture. They are very popular not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Khokhloma painting

This is an old Russian folk craft that originated in the Volga region in the late 17th and early 18th centuries in the village of Khokhloma. Khokhloma painting can be of several types: red, black, green paints on a golden background and vice versa, when golden patterns are located on a colored background. On wooden spoons, ladles, bowls, talented craftsmen draw original ornaments: leaves of birches, maples, next to which they turn red ripe berries viburnum and mountain ash, and all this "crumbles" on a golden carpet.

Zhostovo painting

This is a lacquer painting of trays. The main motif of the painting is flowers, or rather, a whole flower bouquet, which flaunts on a black or red background. special hallmark Zhostovo painting is that the artist does not write from nature, but improvises, includes his imagination.

Painting originated in the village of Zhostovo near Moscow, where lacquered snuff boxes, boxes, tea caddies, and papier-mâché boxes were first made. However, the Zhostovo craftsmen really gained world fame thanks to beautiful painted trays. Zhostovo painting can even glow and shimmer if the artist uses mother-of-pearl pieces and puts them directly on the tray. The trays are painted with oil paints and soft squirrel brushes. In the process of work, the master holds the tray on his knee and, when necessary, turns it. At the same time, the hand with the brush rests on a wooden plank that lies across the tray. The drawing appears by applying quick and precise strokes. Each Zhostovo tray is a unique author's thing.

Rostov enamel

The origin of this artistic craft occurred in the 18th century. Icon frames were decorated with enamel, and icons were painted on copper plates. Enamel was a detail of the clothes of the clergy, church utensils, decorated covers-salaries handwritten icons.

What is finift? This is an art form that uses a combination of enamel and metal. Enamel often coexists with gold, gems, embroidery, and openwork patterns. Initially, the drawings depicted only scenes from Holy Scripture, but later they began to make women's jewelry, on which lush flower bouquets bloomed, bright folklore scenes flaunted. Items decorated with Rostov enamel acquire color, brightness, and uniqueness. The pattern is applied with special refractory paints, which, before firing, have the usual gray shade, and only later become multi-colored

Palekh lacquer painting

On the Vladimir-Suzdal land there is the village of Palekh, next to which the river Paleshka flows. The inhabitants of this village were famous for their talent and mastery of icon painting. Palekh artists painted churches and temples throughout Russia. However, over time, this skill turned out to be useless to anyone, Palekh became forgotten, died out. Lacquer painting on papier-mâché boxes brought a new trend to the village. Various subjects were chosen: heroes, sailboats in the blue sea, a girl imprisoned in a tower. This painting combines the best Russian traditions and folklore.

Russian nesting doll

Matryoshka is not just a handicraft, it is a real symbol of Russia, a favorite souvenir of foreigners who have visited our country. Matryoshka is made of wood and with the help of paints is "dressed" in a Russian folk costume. Also nesting dolls can be painted in different styles: "Gzhel", "Khokhloma", "Palekh", "Zhostovo".

Dymkovo toy

On Vyatka land in the settlement of Dymkovo, craftsmen sculpted dishes and whistle toys from ordinary red clay, which were later fired in an oven and painted. Now the Dymkovo toy is considered one of the oldest folk crafts in Russia. Masters with the help of clay bring to life any plots. But not only people are molded by Dymkovo masters, animals are also not forgotten: turkeys, roosters, ducks with ducklings, lambs and many others.

Magic Gzhel

Gzhel ceramics are highly artistic handicrafts. When painting, cobalt is used, which gives the pattern a characteristic bright color. Blue colour. Almost any ceramic objects were painted in this way: from dishes to decorative figurines. The characteristic motifs of Gzhel are large flowers, leaves, herbs.

Vologda lace

Have you ever admired the frosty patterns on the window glass? If yes, then you can imagine how beautiful Vologda lace is: openwork patterns, fabulous beauty. Expensive lace adorned the clothes of boyars and even kings. Now lace is woven, as in the old days, with the help of wooden bobbins, and pins are stuck into a special roller, around which threads are wrapped. However, not only Vologda laces are known, but also Kukar laces, which are woven on the Vyatka land.

Weaving from birch bark

Items were made from birch bark, probably in almost all Russian provinces. Bast shoes, wicker baskets, baskets, caskets, children's toys - all this was woven from birch bark. Birch bark is harvested at the very beginning of summer, when the juice stops moving along the tree trunk. The collected birch bark is cleaned, cut into strips, from which then it turns out: shoes, wickerwork for storing cereals and things, handbags and many other useful items.

Folk crafts have come down to us from ancient times - painting, carving, lace, but there are also new folk crafts. Most often they began with peasant household art.

Art painting in Russia

Wooden, metal products, children's toys and furniture were painted in Russia from time immemorial. Technology in different regions of the country differed significantly from each other. More details about the most known species painting.

Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting originated in the Volga region, in the villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province. They were located near a large village called Gorodets. Fairs were held there, where they traded in the products of masters. Hence the name - Gorodets painting.

Polkhov-Maidan painting

Birthplace of Polkhovo-Maidan painting - south Nizhny Novgorod region. There, in the village of Polkhovsky Maidan, the village of Voznesenskoye and the village of Krutets, there is the center of this painting. It arose only a hundred years ago on the basis of the turning industry developed in those places. Masters painted nesting dolls, children's toys, mushrooms, Easter eggs, while only four colors were used - green, blue, yellow and red.

Palekh painting

Palekh painting appeared quite recently - already in Soviet time However, the roots of this painting go back to antiquity. Thanks to the unique craft, the village of Palekh, Ivanovo region, became known throughout Russia. It is known about Palekh painting, Palekh miniature, Palekh icon painting. The peculiarity of the painting is that the artists create not just ornaments, but draw whole plots, compositions with the smallest details.

Painting Zhostovo

Zhostovo painting is a lacquer painting on trays, which appeared in 1825. Such trays are made at a factory in the village of Zhostovo and in the city of Nizhny Tagil. The main difference of this craft is the abundance of colors, incomparable tones, the realism of all elements.

Gzhel

Gzhel painting, as the name implies, originated in the city of Gzhel. Her patterns are predominantly floral patterns and simple geometric designs, done in bright cobalt blue paint on a snow-white background. The city of Gzhel is a center for the production of ceramics. In many ways, this was the reason for the appearance of its unique painting in this city. Gzhel art craft is not young, its roots go back to the fourteenth century. It was then that the Kudinovskoye clay deposit was discovered.

Russian crafts that have become crafts

Sometimes Russian crafts became crafts. They arose when the products folk craft put on stream. It is known about the manufacture of toys from clay, about special woodcarving, about lace craftsmanship, and so on.

Dymkovo toy

Near the city of Vyatka was the settlement of Dymkovo, now it is one of the districts of the city. Painted ceramic toys for children appeared in the Dymkovo settlement in the nineteenth century. Deposits of clay and sand in those places became the reason for the manufacture of clay jugs and lids by craftsmen. For the amusement of children, bright funny toys were made. Modeling and painting of toys were carried out exclusively by women or children. The pattern on the Dymkovo toy is always geometric, consisting of circles, stripes, and cells. In addition to the original painting, the toy is distinguished by the fact that it is trimmed with gold.

Filimonov toy

The production of Filimonovo toys arose on the basis of the production of dishes from clay, which occurs near the village of Filimonovo. These toys are a variety of whistles. Distinctive feature – elongated shape products, which is associated with the characteristics of local clay. To this day, whistles are painted only with a goose feather.

Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya carving

Carving, which has become a craft, appeared in the Abramtsevo estate, not far from Moscow, in the nineteenth century. Its name is Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya carving. The carvers studied and worked in the carpentry and carving workshop, where they were taught painting and drawing. So a small workshop became the basis of the future craft, which is distinguished by a peculiar style of carving.

Vyatka lace

Vyatka lace has been known since the eighteenth century. In the second half of the nineteenth century, a zemstvo school of lacemakers was organized in the Vyatka province. For many years, a lace factory operated in those places, but in the early nineties it was closed. Lace makers have preserved their unique craftsmanship, traditions and technology of craft. They please with new products, having united in artels or small enterprises.

New folk crafts

Not all folk crafts have rich history. Some have appeared very recently. What kind of crafts, we learn further.

Painting Christmas decorations

Painting Christmas tree products as a craft originated in the nineteenth century in the village of Danilovo. They also made toys there. The peasants were engaged in this at home, using simple burners for blowing. The demand for such toys grew, and the number of single craftsmen also increased. Soon some hosts at home were organized small productions with hired workers.

Factory "Ariel"

The oldest factory in Russia engaged in the manufacture of New Year's toys is the Ariel factory. It is located in Nizhny Novgorod. Despite the changing fashion over the years, the factory does not change the tradition of making handmade toys. Near the factory there is a museum of Christmas decorations and a shop. Golden Khokhloma is perhaps the most famous Russian folk craft

All items are elegant and colorful. A distinctive feature of the painting is the presence of a golden background, or a golden ornament. While painting, the masters come up with their drawings on the go, it is always improvisation when following the rules. Khokhloma painting. A master turns a simple wooden thing into a work of folk art. Housewives still use such utensils. It is exhibited in museums. The site has a site about the largest museums in the world.
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12.02.2017 13.02.2018

Russian folk crafts- a form of folk art, in which Russian traditional customs, which originated many centuries ago, are clearly traced. Products of Russian crafts combine the uniqueness of Russian traditional culture.

murals:
-gzhel- a rich Russian folk craft for the production of ceramics (porcelain) and a type of Russian folk blue and white painting from the Moscow region.
-Gorodets painting- Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century in the area of ​​​​the city of Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, flower patterns), made with a free brushstroke with white and black graphic stroke, adorned spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, doors. An artel was founded in 1936 (since 1960, the Gorodetskaya Rospis factory), which produces souvenirs; masters — D. I. Kryukov, A. E. Konovalov, I. A. Mazin, V. V. Putintsev.
-Zhostovo painting- Russian folk craft of artistic painting of tin trays, existing in the village of Zhostovo, Moscow Region, since 1825. The main motif of Zhostovo painting is a flower bouquet of a simple composition, in which large garden and small wild flowers alternate.
-Mezen painting - certain type paintings of wooden spinning wheels and utensils - ladles, boxes, brothers, which had developed by the beginning of the 19th century in the village of Palaschelye on the banks of the Mezen River.
-Palekh miniature- folk craft, developed in the village of Palekh, Ivanovo region. The lacquer miniature is executed in tempera on papier-mâché. Caskets, caskets, capsules, brooches, panels, ashtrays, tie clips, needle cases, etc. are usually painted. Typical plots of the Palekh miniature are borrowed from Everyday life, literary works of classics, fairy tales, epics and songs. The works are usually done on a black background and painted in gold.
-Tagil tray- Russian folk craft for the manufacture and artistic lacquer painting of metal trays, existing in the city of Nizhny Tagil, a unique original phenomenon of Russian culture. It is believed that the Tagil painting is the predecessor of the Zhostovo painting. The craft of the Tagil tray is one of the brands of Russian culture, known far beyond the borders of Russia.
-Fedoskino lacquer miniature- a type of traditional Russian lacquer miniature painting with oil paints on papier-mâché, which developed at the end of the 18th century in the village of Fedoskino near Moscow.
-Khokhloma- an old Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the city of Semyonov, Nizhny Novgorod region. Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden utensils and furniture, made in black and red (and, occasionally, green) on a golden background. Khokhloma's traditional ornaments are red juicy rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches. Often there are birds, fish and other animals.

Fabric products:
-Vologda lace- Russian lace, woven on bobbins (wooden sticks); distributed in the Vologda region since the 16th-17th centuries. All the main images in Vologda coupling lace are made with a dense continuous, uniform in width, smoothly wriggling braid, they clearly stand out against the background of patterned lattices, decorated with stars and rosettes.
-Yelets lace- a kind of Russian lace, which is woven on bobbins. Exists since early XIX century. The center is the city of Yelets (Lipetsk region). It is believed that Yelets lace is thinner and lighter than Vologda lace.
-Mtsensk lace- a type of Russian lace, which is woven on bobbins, developed in the city of Mtsensk, Oryol region.
- Orenburg downy shawl - a knitted shawl made from the down of Orenburg goats and warps (cotton, silk, etc.). Down-knitting craft originated in the Orenburg region in the 18th century. The cobweb and stole are very thin, like cobwebs, scarves. Thin cobwebs, as a rule, have a complex pattern and are used as decoration. The thinness of the product is often determined by 2 parameters: whether the product passes through the ring and whether it fits in a goose egg.
-Pavlovo shawls (shawls)- printed woolen shawls traditionally black or red, with a three-dimensional floral pattern. The production was established in the middle of the 19th century in Pavlovsky Posad. More about the Orenburg and Pavloposad shawls.

Toys:
-Abashevskaya toy- Russian clay toy. Artistic craft, formed in the Spassky district, now the Spassky district of the Penza region.
-Bogorodsk toy- Russian folk craft, consisting in the manufacture of carved toys and sculptures from soft woods (linden, alder, aspen). Its center is the village of Bogorodskoye, Sergiev Posad district, Moscow region of Russia.
-Dymkovo toy- Russian clay toy, painted and fired in a kiln. The name comes from the place of production - the settlement of Dymkovo, Vyatka province (now the Kirov region). Along with other products of folk crafts, it is considered one of the symbols of Russian craft.
-Zhbannikovskaya toy- Russian folk craft in the villages of Zhbannikovo, Roymino, Ryzhukhino and others in the Gorodetsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The peculiarity of the Zhbannikov toy is that the body of all the figurines resembles a clay pyramid on three base legs.
-Kargopol toy- Russian clay toy. Artistic craft, common in the area of ​​​​the city of Kargopol, Arkhangelsk region.
-Kozhlyanskaya toy - Russian folk clay whistle toy. The name comes from the place of manufacture, the village of Kozhlya, Kurchatov district, Kursk region.
-Matryoshka- Russian wooden toy in the form of a painted hollow doll, inside of which there are smaller dolls similar to it. The traditional matryoshka painting often depicts peasant girls in traditional attire. AT recent times the possible range of mural themes is unlimited, ranging from fairy tale characters and ending with the Soviet leaders. Matryoshka is one of the most popular souvenirs for foreign tourists in Russia.
-Stary Oskol clay toy- Russian folk art craft in the Starooskolsky district Belgorod region. Known since the beginning of the 18th century.
-Filimonov toy- Russian clay toy. Old Russian applied art craft, formed in the village of Filimonovo, Odoevsky district, Tula region.