"Volga-Volga" - we are here for you and for a long time!

Our merry orchestra began its creative life in 1997. To the main composition of the N.Z. group, already thundering on the Kazan rock scene, (Anton Salakaev, Alexander Makarov, Alexander Sukharev), the guitarist of the KuKuKiKiLAY group Eduard Fazulyanov joins, and a little later the saxophonist of the same ensemble Roman Kuznetsov. For a couple of years, the guys successfully perform under the name "N.Z." This is how the Volga-Volga vocal and instrumental ensemble was born (we love Mother Volga very much, and we watch good old movies). The stylistic direction was determined by time: everything that they liked to listen to music was mixed in, and the composition of the musicians speaks for itself. Pipes, accordion, guitars, drums. Let's call it all "ska-folk-rock-mess" and spice it up with a light urban romance. It turned out to be a completely edible dish, which in fact was proved by the same time. In a fairly short time, the group became popular in the Volga region, and not only. On the this moment behind VIA "Volga-Volga" eight author's and five cover albums. The cinematic name of the group worked as intended, and we became participants in the soundtracks for the film by Alexei Balabanov "War" and the TV series "Truckers-2". In parallel with this, our songs get into rotation on the radio "Chanson" and "Our Radio". We take part in the filming of the television program "Wider Circle". Garik Sukachev invites us to the legendary Moscow "Gorbushka" for a joint concert on the occasion of his anniversary.

For all the time of its existence, the team has become a participant in such festivals as: "Invasion", "Dobrofest", "Creation of the World", "Rock Line" and others. In 2013, the group was invited to open the festival "Oh, take a walk!" in SC "Olympic" (Moscow) and SC "Yubileiny" (St. Petersburg). In June 2016, the dream of the artistic director of the ensemble Anton Salakaev came true - Kazan hosted the Volga-Volga music festival of the same name, which has become traditional and is held annually in Tatarstan. During the festival, more than 50 musical groups from different regions of the country became participants in the festival. Since 2012, the ensemble has been giving concerts annually to the participants of the International Festival of KVN teams "KiViN" in Sochi. Our team gladly gives concerts in charity events, performs at schools, orphanages and even in prisons.

In 2017 VIA Volga-Volga celebrated its 20th anniversary. Among the 30 cities included in the anniversary tour, one of the most significant were concerts in St. Petersburg (the MOD club) and Moscow (the 16 tons club).

VIA "Volga-Volga" is one of those groups that are not afraid to perform at weddings, anniversaries and corporate parties. Such a wide range of concert performances allows us to keep our repertoire. VIA "Volga-Volga" performs both author's songs and musical works of Soviet cinema, covers of disco songs of the 70s, 80s, 90s, 00s sound very fresh in our performance. When we are on stage, it is bright costumes, dances and a sea of ​​positive emotions, in a word, “ska-folk-rock-mess”!

P.S. They say that it is better to see and hear our ensemble at a concert than to listen to discs to holes, although this is not bad either!

Artistic hand VIA "Volga-Volga",
Anton Salakaev

The composition of the ensemble:

	Anton Salakaev - vocals, button accordion, songs
	Sergey Tatarsky - vocals, guitar, songs
	Artem Shutov - trumpet, backing vocals
	Sergei Cherepenin - trombone, backing vocals
	Timur Aibetov - bass guitar
	Kirill Vasiliev - drums, backing vocals
	Eduard Nurmeev - sound at concerts, backing vocals
	Alexander Sukharev - studio sound, percussion

The Volga River is the largest river in Europe, the most abundant in Russia. This is the longest river in the world that flows into the inland water body - the Caspian Sea.

The river basin occupies an area the size of half of Europe.

The Volga River (a brief description is given below) has more than one and a half hundred tributaries - this is one of the record figures on the planet. On average, it takes 37 days for water to pass from source to mouth, since the current speed is about 4 km per hour. The Volga is one of the few rivers that has its own holiday - in Russia, May 20 is considered to be Volga Day.

The Volga River: a brief description of the geographical location

The Volga flows through the territory of Russia, only a small branch of the Kigach goes east to the Atyrau region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Volga River (a brief description for children will go below) begins in the Tver region near the village, which is called Volgoverkhovye.

Here, its source is a small stream, which after a few kilometers crosses the lakes - first Small, and then Big Verkhity, giving strength to the great river. About a third is washed by the waters of the Volga basin. The Volga and its tributaries flow through the territory of thirty administrative regions of Russia and one region of Kazakhstan.

The mouth of the river is located in Astrakhan region and represents the largest delta in Europe of the many branches that flow into the Caspian Sea.

Historical information

The Volga, as an important trade artery of Eurasia, has been known to mankind for a long time. Having a large length and advantageous geographical position She was very popular with merchants. Back in the 5th century BC, Herodotus, the ancient Greek philosopher, mentioned it in his treatise on the campaign of King Darius against the Scythian tribes. He called the Volga Oar. In the ancient Arabic chronicles, she is listed as Itil.

By the 10th century AD, a well-known connecting Scandinavia with Arab countries. On the banks of the great river, large shopping centers: Khazar Itil and Bulgar, Russian Murom, Novgorod, Suzdal. In the 16-18 centuries, such big cities like Saratov, Samara, Volgograd. Here, in the trans-Volga steppes, the rebellious Cossacks and peasants hid. Giving a brief description of the Volga, it should be noted that at all times it performed an important economic function- connected ports within the country and was a highway for communication between different states. In the middle of the 20th century, after its formation, the political function of the river also increased - access to the Azov and Black Seas, therefore, to the World Ocean.

The nature of the Volga basin

The Volga River is rich in natural resources. A brief description of the main plant and animal species is given below. There are four types of plants in the water: algae, aquatic submerged, aquatic with floating leaves, amphibians. A wide variety of herbs (wormwood, sedge, mint, marshmallow, spurge) grows in coastal areas, as it is covered with extensive meadows. An abundance of blackberries and reeds. For hundreds of kilometers along the Volga there are forest belts with birches, ash trees, willows, poplars. This is a brief description of the Volga River, its flora.

The fauna of the river is also diverse. About fifty species of fish live in the water, including sturgeon, beluga, stellate sturgeon. Coastal expanses are densely populated with birds and animals. Special nature in the Volga Delta, where the unique Astrakhan Nature Reserve is located. It is home to many insects, birds, mammals and a wide variety of plants. Some representatives of the fauna that exist in the reserve are listed in the Red Book: mute swan, pelican, white-tailed eagle, seal.

Large cities of the Volga region

The Volga region has an advantageous position both geographically and economically. Nearby are the developed regions of the Urals, Central Russia and Kazakhstan. It supplies settlements with water, energy, and the Volga River is the highway. A brief description of the most striking cities is given below. Many large and small cities are located on the banks of the Volga, with their own unique sights and amazing history. The largest are Kazan, Samara, Volgograd.

Kazan is the most beautiful and ancient city included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Cities. From the side of the Kazanka River - the left tributary of the Volga - the complex of the Kazan Kremlin is visible: the Annunciation Cathedral of the 16th century, the Kul Sharif mosque, the leaning Syuyumbike tower. The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city.

Samara is also a city located at the meeting point of three rivers - Samara, Soka and Volga. The main attractions are the bell tower of the Iversky convent, the historical center of the city.

The Hero City of Volgograd is one of the most beautiful settlements Russia. Of the many cultural and historical sights of the city, it is worth noting Mamaev Kurgan, located on the banks of the Volga, the Kazan Cathedral, the central Embankment.

On the banks of the Volga there are also smaller original cities and settlements with their own historical heritage and cultural monuments.

The first mention of the Volga River dates back to ancient times, when it was called as "Ra". In more later times- already in Arabic sources the river was called Atel (Ethel, Itil), which means “great river” or “river of rivers”. That is how the Byzantine Theophanes and subsequent chroniclers called her in the annals.
The current name "Volga" has several versions of its origin. The version about the Baltic roots of the name seems to be the most probable. According to the Latvian valka, which means "overgrown river", the Volga got its name. This is how the river looks in its upper reaches, where the Balts lived in antiquity. According to another version, the name of the river comes from the word valkea (Finno-Ugric), which means "white" or from the Old Slavic "volog" (moisture).

Hydrography

Since ancient times, the Volga has not lost its grandeur at all. Today it is the largest river in Russia and ranks 16th in the world among the longest rivers. Before the construction of the cascade of reservoirs, the length of the river was 3690 km, today this figure has decreased to 3530 km. At the same time, navigable navigation is carried out for 3500 km. In navigation, the channel plays an important role. Moscow, which acts as a link between the capital and the great Russian river.
The Volga connects with the following seas:

• with the Azov and Black Seas through the Volga-Don Canal;
• with by the Baltic Sea through the Volga-Baltic waterway;
• with the White Sea along the White Sea-Baltic Canal and the Severodvinsk river system.

The waters of the Volga originate in the region of the Valdai Upland - in the spring of the village of Volga-Verkhovye, which is located in the Tver region. The height of the source above sea level is 228 meters. Further, the river carries its waters through the whole Central Russia to the Caspian Sea. The height of the fall of the river is small, because. the mouth of the river is only 28 meters below sea level. Thus, throughout its entire length, the river descends 256 meters, and its slope is 0.07%. average speed the river flow is relatively low - from 2 to 6 km/h (less than 1 m/s).
The Volga is fed mainly by melt water, which accounts for 60% of the annual runoff. 30% of the runoff comes from groundwater (they support the river in winter) and only 10% brings rain (mainly in summer period). Throughout its length, 200 tributaries flow into the Volga. But already at the latitude of Saratov water basin the river narrows, after which the Volga flows from Kamyshin to the Caspian Sea without support from other tributaries.
From April to June, the Volga is characterized by a high spring flood, which lasts an average of 72 days. The maximum level of water rise in the river is observed in the first half of May, when it spills over the floodplain territory for 10 or more kilometers. And in the lower reaches - in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, the width of the flood in places reaches 30 km.
Summer is characterized by a stable low-water period, which lasts from mid-June to early October. Rains in October bring with them an autumn flood, after which a period of low-water winter low water begins, when the Volga is fed only by groundwater.
It should also be noted that after the construction of a whole cascade of reservoirs and regulation of the flow, fluctuations in the water level became much less significant.
The Volga freezes in its upper and middle reaches, usually at the end of November. In the lower reaches, ice rises in early December.
Ice drift on the Volga in the upper reaches, as well as in the section from Astrakhan to Kamyshin, occurs in the first half of April. In the area near Astrakhan, the river usually breaks up in mid-March.
At Astrakhan, the river remains ice-free for almost 260 days a year, while in other sections this time is about 200 days. During the open water period, the river is actively used for ship navigation.
The main part of the river catchment falls on the forest zone, located from the very source to Nizhny Novgorod. The middle part of the river passes through the forest-steppe zone, and the lower part already flows through semi-deserts.

Volga Map

Different Volga: Upper, Middle and Lower

According to the classification adopted today, the Volga in its course is divided into three parts:

• The Upper Volga captures the section from the source to the confluence of the Oka (in the city of Nizhny Novgorod);
• The Middle Volga extends from the mouth of the Oka River to the confluence of the Kama;
• The Lower Volga starts from the mouth of the Kama River and reaches the Caspian Sea itself.

As for the Lower Volga, some adjustments should be made. After the construction of the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power station just above Samara and the construction of the Kuibyshev reservoir, today's border between the middle and lower sections of the river passes just at the level of the dam.

Upper Volga

In its upper course, the river made its way through the system of the Upper Volga lakes. Between Rybinsk and Tver, 3 reservoirs are of interest to anglers: Rybinskoye (the famous "fish"), Ivankovskoye (the so-called "Moscow Sea") and the Uglich reservoir. Even further downstream, bypassing Yaroslavl and as far as Kostroma, the riverbed passes through a narrow valley with high banks. Then, a little higher than Nizhny Novgorod, there is the dam of the Gorky hydroelectric power station, which forms the Gorky reservoir of the same name. The most significant contribution to the Upper Volga is made by such tributaries as: Unzha, Selizharovka, Mologa and Tvertsa.

Middle Volga

Beyond Nizhny Novgorod, the Middle Volga begins. Here the width of the river increases by more than 2 times - the Volga becomes full-flowing, reaching a width of 600 m to 2+ km. Near the city of Cheboksary, after the construction of the Cheboksary hydroelectric power station of the same name, an extended reservoir was formed. The area of ​​the reservoir is 2190 square km. The largest tributaries of the Middle Volga are the rivers: Oka, Sviyaga, Vetluga and Sura.

Lower Volga

The Lower Volga begins immediately after the confluence of the Kama River. Here the river, indeed, can be called mighty in all respects. The Lower Volga carries its full-flowing streams along the Volga Upland. Near the city of Tolyatti on the Volga, the largest reservoir was built - Kuibyshevskoe, on which in 2011 there was a disaster with the notorious motor ship Bulgaria. The reservoir of the Volga hydroelectric power station named after Lenin is propped up. Even further downstream, near the city of Balakovo, the Saratov hydroelectric power station was built. The tributaries of the Lower Volga are no longer so full of water, these are the rivers: Samara, Eruslan, Sok, Big Irgiz.

Volga-Akhtuba floodplain

Below the city of Volzhsky, a left branch called Akhtuba separates from the great Russian river. After the construction of the Volga hydroelectric power station, the beginning of the Akhtuba was a 6 km canal extending from the root Volga. Today, the length of Akhtuba is 537 km, the river carries its waters to the northeast parallel to the mother channel, then approaching it, then receding again. Together with the Volga, Akhtuba forms the famous Volga-Akhtuba floodplain - a real fishing eldorado. The floodplain territory is pierced by numerous channels, saturated with flood lakes and unusually rich in all kinds of fish. The width of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain averages from 10 to 30 km.
On the territory of the Astrakhan region, the Volga travels 550 km, carrying its waters along Caspian lowland. At the 3038th kilometer of its journey, the Volga River splits into 3 branches: Bold Curve, City and Trusovsky. And in the section from 3039 to 3053 km, the city of Astrakhan is located along the branches of the City and Trusovsky.
Below Astrakhan, the river makes a turn to the southwest and splits into numerous branches that form a delta.

Volga Delta

The Volga delta first begins to form in a place where one of the branches called Buzan separates from the main channel. This place is located above Astrakhan. In general, the Volga delta has over 510 branches, small channels and eriks. The delta is located on total area in 19 thousand square kilometers. In width, the distance between the western and eastern branches of the delta reaches 170 km. In the generally accepted classification, the Volga delta consists of three parts: upper, middle and lower. The zones of the upper and middle deltas consist of small islands separated by channels (eriks) 7 to 18 meters wide. The lower part of the Volga delta consists of very branched channel channels, which pass into the so-called. Caspian peals, famous for their lotus fields.
Due to the lowering of the level of the Caspian Sea over the past 130 years, the area of ​​the Volga delta is also growing. During this time, it has increased more than 9 times.
Today, the Volga delta is the largest in Europe, but is famous primarily for its rich fish stocks.
Note that vegetable animal world The delta is under protection - the Astrakhan Reserve is located here. Therefore, amateur fishing in these places is regulated and not allowed everywhere.

The economic role of the river in the life of the country

Since the 30s of the last century, electricity has been produced on the river with the help of hydroelectric power stations. Since then, 9 hydroelectric power plants with their reservoirs have been built on the Volga. At the moment, the river basin is home to approximately 45% of industry and half of all Agriculture Russia. More than 20% of all fish for the food industry of the Russian Federation is caught in the Volga basin.
The logging industry is developed in the Upper Volga basin, and grain crops are grown in the Middle and Lower Volga regions. Horticulture and horticulture are also developed along the middle and lower reaches of the river.
The Volga-Ural region is rich in natural gas and oil deposits. Near the city of Solikamsk there are deposits of potassium salts. The famous lake Baskunchak on the Lower Volga is famous not only for its healing mud, but also for its salt deposits.
Upstream ships carry oil products, coal, gravel materials, cement, metal, salt and food products. Downstream comes wood, industrial raw materials, lumber and finished products.

Animal world

Tourism and fishing on the Volga

In the mid-90s of the last century, due to the economic decline in the country, water tourism on the Volga lost its popularity. The situation was normalized only at the beginning of this century. But the outdated material and technical base hinders the development of the tourism business. Motor ships that were built back in Soviet times (60-90 years of the last century) still sail along the Volga. There are quite a lot of water tourist routes along the Volga. From Moscow alone, motor ships run on more than 20 different routes.

Volga(Mar. Yul, Tat. Idel, Chuvash. Atӑl, Erz. Rav, old Slav. Vlga, Kazakh. Edil, Kalm. Idzhil-gol, German Wolga) - a river in the European part of Russia, one of the largest rivers in Earth and the largest in Europe. One of the branches of the lower reaches of the Volga - the Kigach River - crosses the territory of Kazakhstan.
Length - 3530 km (before the construction of reservoirs - 3690 km). The basin area is 1360 thousand km².

Portrait of the Volga

This is not just the largest river in Europe and the fifth longest in Russia. The Volga is a phenomenon of the highest order, a fact of history and culture, a symbol and love of Russia, the mother of Russian rivers, “a beauty of the people, like a full-flowing sea”, sung in hundreds of songs. Everyone visibly imagines how the sharp-breasted boats of the Razin freemen floated out “from behind the island to the core”; who didn’t sing about the cliff, that “only with the Volga alone does he sometimes remember the daring life of the ataman” ...

Its basin occupied more than a third of the Russian Plain. Tvardovsky, who managed to say that “half of Russia looked into the Volga”, wrote how it absorbed seven thousand rivers, “that from Valdai to the Urals they furrowed the globe”, and they were “participating in one family, as if they were branched out along the earth."

Indeed, the system of the Volga tributaries looks like branches of a mighty tree on the map. Only the mouth trunk is almost devoid of branches: in the lower reaches of the Volga, it flows through semi-deserts like a transit river, into which nothing flows. But to the north, the network of branches is so dense that the total length of navigable routes alone exceeds 17 thousand kilometers, and there are also many raftable rivers ...

Who did not think that the Volga is both great and united! But geomorphologists saw that only the river is one, while its valley is extremely heterogeneous and even patchwork. Holistic water artery formed here quite recently, already in the postglacial period. And before the great glaciations, the waters from the upper half of the Volga basin had a flow to the south and partly to the north, and not at all to the southeast. The river that drained eastern half The Russian plain was the Pra-Kama, which flowed directly into the sea. The Caspian was also different - its waters spilled several times up the Prakama gutter, forming distant bays (one of them penetrated even into the valley of the present Kama).

The thrusting of the great glacier more than once rebuilt the flow into upper parts modern Volga basin. So, meltwater from the area of ​​\u200b\u200btoday's Oka flowed into the Don basin; with the retreat of the glaciers, the flow to the north also partially resumed. Later, part of the Praokskaya system was intercepted by the tributaries of the Pra-Kama, the outflow from here rushed to the east. The narrowing of the Volga valley at Plyos, Cheboksary, and Kazan reminds us of such interceptions today. Only after the runoff was concentrated in the alien and uneven-aged valleys of the modern upper and middle reaches of the Volga than in the Kama, there were grounds to consider the Volga and the Prakama section below the current mouth of the Kama. "Mother of the Volga" - Kama lost the championship to an aggressive daughter and herself turned into a tributary of the Volga.

428 km: Rybinsk stretches for 22 km along the Volga on both banks. At this point, the Volga changes its direction to the southeast. In the Rybinsk region, the Sheksna flows into the Volga and the river section of the Gorky reservoir begins, formed in 1955 as a result of the Volga being blocked by the dam of the Gorky hydroelectric complex near the city of Gorodets. The reservoir was filled in 1955-1957. Its area is 1591 km², length 430 km, maximum width 26 km at the confluence of the Unzha River into the Volga. According to the hydrological regime and navigable conditions, the reservoir is divided into three sections - river, lake-river and lake. The river section stretches from Rybinsk (Rybinsk waterworks) to the Nekrasovskoye pier and has a length of 138 km and a width of 0.6 - 1 km14.

481 km: Tutaev, on the right bank.

516 - 524 km: Yaroslavl is located on both banks of the Volga. In the Yaroslavl region, the Kotorosl River flows into the Volga.

539 km: Tunoshna village, from where the Volga flows to Kostroma in a northeasterly direction.

560 km: Nekrasovskoye settlement, after which the lake-river section of the Gorky reservoir begins. Its length is 194 km, and its width is 3.5 km15.

564 - 568 km: Krasny Profintern settlement, on the left bank.

In the area from Rybinsk to Kostroma, the Volga flows in a narrow valley among high banks, crossing the Uglich-Danilov and Galich-Chukhloma uplands, and then the Unzhenskaya and Balakhna lowlands.

Volga in the Kostroma region

584 km: in the area of ​​the right-bank village of Komintern, the Volga is part of the Kostroma region, its length in the region is 67 km. The Volga is a section of the Gorky reservoir. On the territory of the region, the Volga flows along the Kostroma lowland.

585 km: a new artificially created mouth of the Kostroma River (354 km), in the lower reaches of which the Kostroma reservoir was created in 1955-1956. This is the largest tributary of the Volga in the region.

597 - 603 km: Kostroma is located on both banks of the Volga, here the Volga changes its direction and turns to the southeast. Within the city at 599 - 600 km there is an old bed of the Kostroma River, now it is an additional ship passage leading to the settling and repair point of the port of Kostroma.

611 km: right tributary - the Kuban River, 618 km: left tributary - Poksha.

637 km: Volgorechensk is located on the left bank of the Volga, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich in 1970 - 1973. Kostromskaya GRES was launched - one of the most powerful in Russia (installed capacity 3600 MW).16 In the area of ​​Kostromskaya GRES, the Shacha flows into the Volga on the left.

641 - 642 km: the village of Krasnoe-on-Volga, on the left bank. Here the Volga again changes its direction to the east.

Volga in the Ivanovo region

651 km: The Volga enters the Ivanovo region near the village of Sungurovo, its length in the region is 180 km.

657 - 660 km: on the right bank of the city-resort Ples.

681 km: the Sunzha river flows in from the right.

706 - 711 km: Kineshma, on the right bank of the Volga. On the opposite bank is the young city of Zavolzhsk, which until 1954 was the left-bank part of the Kineshma. Within the boundaries of Kineshma, the river of the same name flows into the Volga.

755 km: the Elnat River flows into the Volga, at the mouth of which there is a backwater, where the cargo fleet is settled and repaired. From the river Elnat begins the lake part of the Gorky reservoir.

770 km: the left tributary of the Volga - the river Nemnda. From the mouth of the Nemnda, the Volga enters the Unzha lowland. At the mouth of the river is the village of Zavrazhye

770 - 773 km: the left tributary of the Volga river Unzha (426 km). In the lower reaches of the Unzha there is a wide flood - up to 26 km.

770 - 775 km: opposite the Unzha River, on the right bank of the Volga, on the bend is the city of Yuryevets - the most ancient city of the Ivanovo region (founded in 1225). At Yuryevets, the Volga makes a sharp turn to the south.

Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region

The length of the Volga in the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region is 240 km. The river divides the Nizhny Novgorod region into the low-lying Trans-Volga region (along the left bank) and the elevated right bank (maximum height - 247 m) - part of the Volga Upland. The Volga throughout the entire territory of the region in the northern part is actually the Gorky reservoir, and in the south - the Cheboksary reservoir.

Part of the western border of the Nizhny Novgorod region runs along the lake section of the Gorky reservoir, so it is difficult to determine exactly where the Volga enters the territory of the region, but the first fairly large settlement on the banks of the Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region is the village of Sokolskoye, 794 km to the left.

805 - 810 km: The Volga includes two left tributaries - Mocha and Lotinka, and on the right bank is the city of Puchezh (810 - 812 km).

820 km: the river Yachmenka flows to the right, and peat deposits begin along the left bank, stretching up to 828 km, where the village of Katunki is located on the right, in the 17th - 18th centuries. here they made the most popular ships on the Volga - barks - single-masted sailing punts.

835 - 839 km: on the right bank is the city of Chkalovsk18. Previously, it was the village of Vasileva Sloboda - one of the centers of bartering on the Volga. In the Chkalovsk region, the rivers Sanakhta (at 839 km) and Trotsa (at 843 km) flow into the Volga.

851 - 853 km: on the right bank is the city of Zavolzhye, 853 - 857 km: on the left bank is Gorodets. In the area of ​​these cities, the Gorky hydroelectric complex is located, which includes a dam 13 km long, shipping facilities and a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 520 thousand kW. In the area of ​​Gorodets, the Volga changes the direction of the current to the southeast.

861 - 873 km: in this section on the Volga there are many riffles, ridges19 and islands. Ogrudki: Kocherginskiye (861 km), Vetlyankie (870 km), Kubentsovskie (872 km), Balakhninskiye (873 km). Islands: Kocherginsky (864 - 866 km), Shchukobor (862 - 866 km), Krasavchik (866 km).

865 - 870 km: on the right bank is the village of Pravdinsk, 871 - 876 km: Balakhna, also on the right bank, the city is located on the Balakhna lowland, rich in peat deposits. Behind Balakhna on the Volga there are still many islands and rifts.

893 km: the water area of ​​the Nizhny Novgorod port begins. The city of Nizhny Novgorod is located on the right bank of the Oka and on the right bank of the Volga, starting from km 905.

905 km: on the right, the Oka flows into the Volga (1480 km) - one of its main tributaries. After the confluence of the Oka, the Volga becomes more full-flowing, the width of its channel increases and ranges from 600 to 2000 m, the region of the Middle Volga begins.

Middle Volga

The Middle Volga flows through the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Mari Republic, Chuvashia and Tatarstan.

The middle Volga is characterized by three main types of banks. The right ones are steep, descending to the Volga with slopes, sometimes forming cliffs at the turn of the river. The left ones are extremely gently sloping sandy shores, gradually rising to a low meadow floodplain, but they alternate with steep clayey or sandy-clayey almost sheer slopes, which in some places reach a considerable height.

Volga in the Nizhny Novgorod region

Below the confluence of the Oka, the Volga flows along the northern edge of the Volga Upland.

911 km: on the left bank, opposite Nizhny Novgorod, there is the city of Bor and the Moss Mountains.

915 km: the territory of Nizhny Novgorod and the water area of ​​the port of Nizhny Novgorod ends. There are also many riffles and islands in the region of Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga, the largest of them are Pechersky Sands (910 - 916 km) and Podnovsky (913 - 919 km).

922 km: on the right bank is the Oktyabrsky settlement, where the fleet maintenance base is located, and in 1960 the first catamaran-type ships were built.

933 km: on the right bank is the city of Kstovo, located in the bend of the river - the Kstovsky knee, in the interfluve of the Volga and Kudma, where barge haulers made a halt. In the Kstovo region, the Volga turns south.

939 - 956 km: many backwaters and islands, the largest of which is Teply (939 - 944 km). Lake Samotovo flows in at 944 km from the left.

955 km: the Kudma river flows in from the right.

956 km: on the right is the village of Kadnitsy.

966 km: the beginning of the Cheboksary reservoir, formed in 1980 by a dam near the city of Novocheboksarsk. The reservoir area is 2200 km², length 332 km, maximum width 13 km (below the mouth of the Veluga River). Due to the fact that the Cheboksary HPP has not yet reached its design capacity, the level of the Cheboksary reservoir is 5 meters below the design level. In this regard, the section from the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station to Nizhny Novgorod remains extremely shallow, and navigation on it is carried out thanks to water releases from the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station in the morning. At the moment, the final decision on filling the Cheboksary reservoir to the design level has not been made. As an alternative option, the possibility of constructing a low-pressure dam combined with a road bridge above Nizhny Novgorod is being considered.

993 km: the river Sundovik flows to the right, at the mouth of which lies the town of Lyskovo. Before the formation of the Cheboksary reservoir, it stood on the banks of the Volga, but then the river changed its course and moved away from the Lyskovsky bank, approaching the Makaryevsky monastery and the village of Makaryevo (995 - 996 km). Today, Lyskovo is connected to the Volga by a shipping channel, and Makaryevo is located on the left bank of the Volga.

995 km: Kerzhenets river (length 290 km) - the left tributary of the Volga.

1005 - 1090 km: many islands, backwaters and channels. The largest island is Barminskiy (1033 - 1040 km).

1069 km: right tributary - the river Sura (length 864 km). At its mouth and on the right bank of the Volga is the village of Vasilsursk.

Volga in the Mari Republic

The Volga enters the territory of the Republic of Mari El (Mari Republic) immediately after Vasilsursk. The length of the Volga in the territory of the republic is 70 km.

1103 - 1113 km: the Vetluga River flows from the left (length 889 km) - the third largest tributary of the Volga. With the filling of the Cheboksary reservoir, the mouth of the Vetluga actually dissolved in the waters of the Volga and turned into a large bay. 1106 km - the Bolshaya Yunga River flows to the right, at the mouth of which the villages of Troitsky Posad and Pokrovskoye are located.

1109 km: the river Malaya Yunga flows from the right.

1113 - 1116 km: on the right bank is the city of Kozmodemyansk. In the region of Kozmodemyansk, the Volga turns to the southeast.

1138 km: the Sundyr river flows in from the right.

Volga in Chuvashia

The Volga enters the territory of Chuvashia immediately after the mouth of the Sundyr River, the length of the Volga in the republic is small - only 50 km, while in the area of ​​​​the city of Novocheboksarsk and further to the border of the region with Tatarstan, the river flows near the border of Chuvashia with the Mari Republic, sometimes entering the territory of the Mari Republic20 .

On the territory of Chuvashia, the Volga flows along the East European Plain, which is quite swampy in this area, but the Right Bank is still occupied by the Volga Upland.

1145 - 1178 km: there are many shoals on the Volga, among them the Sheshkarskaya shoal (1145 - 1152 km), the Vurnarskaya shoal (1150 - 1156 km), the Maslovsky shoals (1156 - 1159 km), the Cheboksary shoals (1172 - 1178 km).

1165 km: on the right bank is Zavrazhnoye, in the area where the Volga turns east.

1169 - 1172 km: on the right bank is the city of Cheboksary, in the area of ​​​​which the Cheboksarka River flows into the Volga (1172 km).

1178 km: the Kuvshinka river flows from the left.

1185 km: Cheboksary gizrouzel with Cheboksary HPP. The construction of the hydroelectric complex began in 1938, but was interrupted by the war and resumed in 1968, and only in 1980 the construction of the 1st stage of the hydroelectric complex was completed. The design capacity of the HPP is 1,400,000 kW, but it still does not operate at full capacity.

1188 - 1190 km: immediately after the lock of the Cheboksary hydroelectric complex on the right bank of the Volga, the city of Novocheboksarsk is located.

1191 km: the branch of the Old Volga departs from the left.

1192 - 1197 km: Kazin Island.

1197 - 1202 km: Sidelnikovsky Island.

1200 - 1202 km: on the right bank is the city of Mariinsky Posad, also located on the left bank of the Sundyrka River, which flows into the Volga at 1202 km.

1207 km: Bolshaya Kokshaga river flows from the left.

1210 km: on the right bank is the village of Vodoleevo, after which the Volga again turns to the southeast.

1230 - 1235 km: The Volga returns to the territory of the Mari Republic, here on the left bank is the city of Zvenigovo. In the Zvenigovo region, the Volga is crossed by the Urengoy-Uzhgorod gas pipeline.

1253 km: the Ilet river flows from the left.

1257 km: on the right bank stands the city of Kozlovka.

1260 - 1264 km: The Volga again falls into the territory of the Mari Republic, here on the left bank is the city of Volzhsk. In the Volzhsk region, the borders of three republics meet - the Mari Republic, Chuvashia and Tatarstan.

Volga in Tatarstan

The Volga enters the territory of Tatarstan outside the city of Volzhsk, at 1965 km. The length of the Volga in Tatarstan is 200 km. Basically, the river flows through the territory of the East European Plain, but the right bank is located on the Volga Upland.

1269 - 1276 km: on the left bank is the city of Zelenodolsk. Opposite it - on the right bank - the village of Nizhnie Vyazovye.

1275 - 1295 km: there are many small islands on the Volga - Vyazovsky Island, Tatar Griva Islands, Kos Islands, Vasilyevsky Island, Sviyazhsky Islands.

1278 - 1284 km: the river Sviyaga flows to the right (375 km).

1282 km: on one of the Sviyazhsky Islands, in fact, at the confluence of the Volga and Sviyaga, there is a city-monument Sviyazhsk.

1280 - 1285 km: on the left bank is the village of Vasilyevo - the center of the Raifa section of the Volga-Kama Reserve, founded in 1960.

1295 km: on the right bank is the village of Morkvashi Naberezhnye, near which the Kazan road bridge was built in 1989.

1302 km: on the right bank - the village of Pechishchi, on the left - Arakchino. 1305 km: on the right bank - the village of Verkhny Uslon.

1310 km: the left tributary of the Kazanka River flows into the Volga.

1307 - 1311 km: on the left bank of the Volga, as well as along the left bank of the Kazanka, the city of Kazan is located. In the Kazan region, the Volga turns south. Behind Kazan along the right bank of the Volga, replacing each other, the Uslonsky, Bogorodsky and Yuryevsky mountains stretch, and on the left bank meadows grow.

1311 - 1380 km: on the banks of the Volga there are many small villages, towns and villages. On the right bank are Nizhny Uslon (1320 km), Klyuchishchi (1322 km), Matyushino (1325 km), Tashevka (1330 km), Shelanga (1338 km), Russian Burbasy (1356 km), Krasnovidovo (1358 km), Kamskoye Ustye (1380 km). On the left bank are Kukushkino (1311 km), Novoe Pobedilovo (1312 km), Old Pobedilovo (1315 km), Matyushino-Borovoe (1330 km), Teteevo (1357 km), Atabaevo (1376 km) - the center of the Volzhsko-Kama Reserve.

1377 - 1390 km: on the left, the Kama River flows into the Volga (2030 km 21) - the main and full-flowing tributary of the river. There is even a theory that it is not the Kama that will flow into the Volga, but the Volga into the Kama. In hydrography, there are several rules for distinguishing the main river and its tributaries; the following signs of rivers are usually compared at their confluence: water content; pool area; structural features of the river system - the number and total length of all tributaries, the length of the main river to the source, the angle of confluence; altitudinal position of the source and valley, the average height of the catchment area; geological age of the valley; width, depth, current speed and other indicators. In terms of water content, the Volga and Kama are almost equal to each other, but the Volga is still less (the average annual water flow of these rivers is 3750 m³ / s and 3800 m³ / s, respectively), and at the confluence of the two rivers, the water flow is higher in the Kama - 4300 m³ / s against 3100 m³/sec. In terms of the catchment area to the confluence of the rivers, the Volga is slightly larger (260,900 km² versus 251,700 km²), but in terms of the number of tributaries, the Volga in the territory under consideration is inferior to the Kama basin (66,500 rivers versus 73,700). Average and absolute altitude The Volga basin is smaller than the Kama basin, because the Ural Mountains are located in the Kama basin, and the ancient Kama valley is older than the Volga valley. In the first half Quaternary period, before the epoch of maximum glaciation, the Volga in modern form did not have. There was the Kama, which, uniting with the Vishera, flowed into the Caspian Sea. Glaciation led to a reorganization of the hydrographic network: the Upper Volga, which used to give water to the Don, began to flow into the Kama, and almost at a right angle. The Lower Volga even today serves as a natural continuation of the Kama and not the Volga valley22. But this theory is not officially accepted. Therefore, it is more correct to say that it is not the Kama that flows into the Volga, but the Kama Bay of the Kuibyshev reservoir, more than 200 km long, into which the Kama River flows.

After the confluence of the Kama, the Volga becomes a full-flowing, powerful and wide river and the Lower Volga region begins.

Lower Volga

The Lower Volga flows through Tatarstan, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions and Kalmykia.

The Lower Volga flows along the Volga Upland, through the territory of the East European Plain and the Caspian Lowland. The basin of the Lower Volga to Samara and Saratov is located in the forest steppe zone, from Saratov to Volgograd - in the steppe zone, and below Volgograd - in the semi-desert. In the lower reaches, the Volga receives relatively small tributaries, and from Kamyshin to the Caspian Sea it flows without tributaries. In the Astrakhan region, when it flows into the Caspian Sea, the Volga forms a delta.

Volga in Tatarstan

1400 - 1425 km: Syukeyevsky mountains stretch along the right bank.

1412 - 1415 km: on the left bank of the Volga is the city of Bulgar, to the south of which in the XII - XIV centuries. was the capital of the Bulgar kingdom (Volga Bulgaria) - the city of Bulgar the Great2324, and now there is a state historical and architectural reserve Bulgar settlement25.

1430 km: on the right bank stands the city of Tetyushi.

1430 - 1440 km: Tetyushsky mountains are located on the right bank, at 1440 km the Kuibyshev reservoir narrows sharply, but then quickly expands again.

1445 km: the Utka River flows from the left, at the mouth of which are the villages of Polyanki and Berezovka.

Volga in the Ulyanovsk region

If you look along the left bank, then the Volga enters the territory of the Ulyanovsk region after the confluence of the Utka river, on the right bank the border between Tatarstan and the Ulyanovsk region is located in the region of 1495 km along its course. The length of the Volga in the region is 150 km. The Volga divides the Ulyanovsk region into an elevated right bank (up to 350 m) and a low left bank.

1468 - 1470 km: the Maina River flows from the left, at the mouth of which the village of Staraya Maina is located.

1495 - 1520 km: Undorovskie mountains stretch along the right bank.

1521 km: Ulyanovsk begins on the right steep bank, called the Crown, and on the left gentle bank. 1527 km: Ulyanovsk bridge connecting the left-bank and right-bank parts of the city. On the left bank, Ulyanovsk ends at 1528 km, and on the right bank it stretches up to 1536 km. On the territory of Ulyanovsk, the Volga narrows to 3 km, but after the Ulyanovsk bridge, the Volga becomes very wide, and below the city it reaches its greatest width - 2500 m.

1536 - 1595 km: Kremensky, Shilovsky and Senchileevsky mountains stretch one after another along the right bank.

1543 km: on the right bank on the cretaceous Kremensky mountains there is Novoulyanovsk - a satellite city of Ulyanovsk.

1548 km: on the right at the mouth of the Tunoshka River, which flows into the Volga, on the Kriushinsky mountains is the village of Kriushi.

1555 km: the left tributary is the Kalmayur River, opposite which on the right bank is the village of Shilovka.

1572 km: on the right bank is the city of Sengilei, in the area of ​​which the rivers Tushenka and Sengileika flow into the Volga. Sengileevskaya Bay serves as a shelter for ships during storms.

1575 - 1577 km: on the left bank is the village of Bely Yar.

1585 - 1598 km: the Bolshoy Cheremshan river flows from the left (336 km). The mouth of the river turned into a large Melekessky bay. On its right bank is the village of Nikolskoye on Cheremshan, on the left - the village of Khryashchevka (1598 - 1599 km). At the confluence of the Bolshoy Cheremshan River in the Melekessky Bay is the city of Dmitrovgrad.

Volga in the Samara region

To the territory Samara region Volga falls in the area of ​​​​the village of Khryashchevka. The length of the Volga in the region is 210 km.

1603 km: on the right bank is the village of Russian Bektyazhka.

1616 km: on the right bank is the village of Novodevichy.

1634 km: the village of Klimovka is located on the right bank.

1640 km: the Aktushi River flows in from the right, near the mouth of which the village of Aktushi is located. In this area, the Volga turns east.

1643 km: on the right is the village of Usolye, located at the mouth of the Usa River (length 140 km), which, at its confluence with the Volga, turned into a wide and full-flowing Ushinsky Bay. Behind Usa begins Samarskaya Luka - a bend of the Volga, enveloping the Zhiguli Mountains. On the left bank of the Ushinsky Bay, 2 mountains rise - Karaulny Bugor and Kabatskaya, on the right - 2 mounds - Ushinsky and Molodetsky, opening the ridge of the Zhiguli Mountains.

1663 - 1673 km: Tolyatti stands on the left bank, and on the right bank the city of Zhigulevsk is the center of oil production and the Samarskaya Luka National Natural Park. In the area of ​​Zhigulevsk and Togliatti in 1951 - 1958, the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex was built with the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station (V.I. Lenin Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station, from July 1, 2004 - Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power station) with a capacity of 2400 thousand kW and an average annual output of 10900 million kW / h . The Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex also includes upper and lower locks and a spillway dam 981.2 m long. The Kuibyshev reservoir was filled in 1955-1957. The area of ​​the reservoir is 6450 km², the length along the Volga is 580 km, the maximum width is 40 km (at the confluence of the Volga and Kama), the average depth is 9 m. The Kuibyshev reservoir is considered the largest on the Volga.26 (at 1665 km of the Volga).

1670 km: after the lower locks of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, the Saratov reservoir begins, formed by the dam of the Saratov hydroelectric complex in the city of Balakovo. It was filled in 1967-1968. Reservoir area - 1831 km², length 357 km, maximum width - 25 km, greatest depth- 28 m, and the average - 7 m.

1677 km: on the right bank is the village of Bakhilova Polyana, and at 1677 - 1683 km the island of Bakhilovsky stretches.

1683 - 1687 km: on the right bank is the village of Zolnoye, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is one of the peaks of the Zhiguli Mountains - Mount Observer (height 370 m).

1692 - 1698 km: on the right bank, almost one after another, the villages of Solnechnaya Polyana and Bogatyr are located.

1705 - 1708 km: on the left bank is the village of Volzhsky, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich there is a geological object - Tsarev Kurgan with a cut top.

1709 km: the river Sok flows from the left. Here is the narrowest point of the Samarskaya Luka - the Zhiguli Gate. The Volga breaks through here between the right-bank Zhiguli Mountains (Sernaya Mountain) and the left-bank Sokolsky Mountains (Tip-Tyav Mountain). The width of the Volga at the Zhiguli Gates is only 600 - 700 m, initially it was here that the Volga was planned to be blocked during the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station.

1710 - 1725 km: the suburbs of Samara stretch along the left bank: Krasnaya Glinka (1710 - 1714 km), Administrative Town (1715 km), Studeny Ravine (1720 - 1721 km), Polyana im. Frunze (1722 - 1725 km). On 1712 - 1718 km the island Zelenenky (Surny) is located.

1727 - 1737 km: Samara stands on the left bank. In the Samara region, the left tributary flows into the Volga - the Samara River, beyond the mouth of which is the village of Zasamarskaya Sloboda (1738 km). In the region of Samara, the Volga turns sharply to the west, skirting the Zhiguli Mountains.

1735 - 1763 km: there are many large islands below Samara: Rozhdestvensky (1735 - 1746 km), Koroviy (1738 - 1740 km), Tushinsky (1747 - 1753 km), Bystrenky (1752 - 1759 km), Vinnovsky (1758 - 1763 km) . At 1748 km, the left tributary flows - the Krivusha River.

1758 km: Vinnovsky mountains begin on the right bank. They are smaller than the Zhiguli and not so rich in vegetation. The top of the Vinnovsky mountains is Davydova Gora (height 177.4 m).

1765 km: on the right bank is the village of Vinnovka, near which the remains of two ancient settlements (III and V centuries) and the settlement "Stone Goat" (I century BC - I century AD) were found.

1771 km: Ermakovo is located on the right bank, according to legend, founded by Yermak himself.

1774 km: left tributary - the Chapaevka river.

1777 - 1812 km: many islands, including Sredny Island (1777 km), Baranovsky Island (1778 - 1781 km), Koltsovsky Island (1781 - 1788 km), Ekaterinovsky Island (1786 - 1801 km).

1790 km: on the left bank is the village of Vladimirovka.

1792 km: on the right bank is the village of Brusyany.

1796 km: on the right bank is the village of Malaya Ryazan, founded in 1770 by settlers from Ryazan.

1806 km: on the right bank, the village of Perevoloki, located on a narrow isthmus separating the Volga from the Mustache (only 2.5 km long). Barge haulers dragged ships across this isthmus in order to shorten the path along the Volga and not go around the Zhiguli mountains.

1815 - 1817 km: on the right bank is the village of Pecherskoye, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich the Volga smoothly turns to the southwest.

1826 - 1848 km: on the right bank stands the city of Oktyabrsk, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich the Syzran bridge is located, in the 19th century. considered the largest in Europe30, and flows into the left tributary - the Erykla River (at 1836 km).

1840 - 1895 km: there are many small islands on the Volga, the largest of which is Lopatkinsky Island (1850 - 1856 km).

1850 - 1864 km: Syzran is located on the right bank.

1885 - 1888 km: the village of Spasskoe is located on the left bank, a little lower at 1889 - 1890 km - the village of Privolzhye.

Volga in the Saratov region

The Volga enters the territory of the Saratov region along the right bank after the village of Kashpiry, at 1890 km, and on the left bank the territory of the Saratov region begins lower - in the area of ​​the village of Yekaterinovka, located at 1916 - 1917 km. In the Saratov region, the Volga flows along the southeastern part of the East European Plain and divides the region into an elevated right bank (Volga Upland) and a low left bank (the northern part of the Caspian Lowland). On the territory of the Saratov region, the Volga flows already in the steppe zone, the settlements located along the banks are becoming smaller and the distances between them are increasing. The length of the Volga in the Saratov region is 460 km.

1940 km: on the left bank is the village of Skoropochevka, and immediately after it at 1941 km the village of Dukhovnitskoye begins. Opposite Dukhovnitsky on the right bank is the city of Khvalynsk (1942 - 1946 km). It is located at the foot of the chalk Khvalynsky mountains.

1966 - 1967 km: on the right bank is the village of Alekseevka, it stands on the chalk Maiden Mountains, continuing the Khvalynsky.

1974 km: Malyi Irgiz flows from the left, before joining with the Sterekh River. A large bay formed at the mouth of the river.

1990 km: the Saratov hydroelectric complex begins, which was built in 1956 - 1971. together with the Saratov hydroelectric power station in the Balakovo area. Power is 1360 thousand kW, average annual output is 5.352 billion kW/h.

1998 - 2008 km: on the left bank, next to the dam of the Saratov hydroelectric complex, the city of Balakovo is located.

2008 - 2019 km: Devushkin (Desert) large island.

2011 km: after the Saratov reservoir, the Volgograd reservoir immediately begins, formed by the dam of the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station near the city of Volzhsky. The reservoir was filled in 1958 - 1961. Its area is 3117 km², length is 540 km. The greatest width is 17 km near the mouth of the Yeruslan River, the average depth is 10.1 m.

2025 km: on the right bank is the village of Tersa, in the area of ​​which the Artanikha River flows into the Volga.

2033 - 2037 km: Volsk is located on the right bank, opposite Volsk at 2036 km, the left tributary - Bolshoi Irgiz (length 675 km) flows into the Volga. Below Volsk, on the right bank of the Volga, the Serpent Mountains stretch.

2047 - 2049 km: on the right bank is the village of Rybnoe, below which is the island of Rybninsky (2050 - 2055 km).

2075 - 2077 km: the village of Voskresenskoye stands on the right bank.

2091 - 2095 km: Marks is located on the left bank. Marks Island begins in the Marx region (2092 - 2100 km).

2098 - 2103 km: Bereznyakovsky Island.

2110 km: on the left, the Bolshoi Karaman flows into, practically at the mouth it connects with the Maly Karaman.

2112 - 2180 km: there are many islands on the Volga, including Usovsky (2112 - 2120 km), Tula, Kayukovsky (2118 - 2122 km), Chardymsky (2122 - 2134 km), Verbnyaki (2135 - 2139 km), Voronok (2133 - 2140 km), Kurdyumsky (2141 - 2143 km), Tatar (2147 km), Zeleny (2155 km), Cossack (2170 km) and Shumeysky Islands.

2125 km: Chardym flows to the right, the village of Chardym is located at the mouth of the river.

2149 km: the Kurdyum River flows to the right, at the mouth of which stands the village of Ust-Kurdyum.

2155 km: the village of Shumeyka is located on the left bank, below Shumeyka the Saratovka river flows into the Volga.

2158 - 2168 km: Engels is located on the left bank.

2155 - 2174 km: on the right bank is Saratov, connected with Engels by the Saratov road bridge, built in 1965 and at the time of construction was considered the most long bridge in Europe. The total length is 2825.8 m. The navigable part of the river is blocked by a continuous lattice span structure 710 m long.

2175 - 2177 km: on the right bank stands the village of Uvek, built on the site of the Bulgarian city of Uvek, destroyed by Timur in 1395. The remains of an earthen rampart and ancient stone buildings have been preserved in the village. On the left bank, opposite the village of Uvek, there is the village of Privolzhsky.

2190 km: on the right bank is the village of Krasny Tekstilshchik.

2195 km: on the left bank is the village of Smelovka, next to which Yuri Gagarin landed after a space flight on April 12, 1961.

2225 km: on the right bank on the right-bank rocky Ushye mountains stands the village of Akhmat. Opposite, on the left bank is the village of Privolzhskoe. Below these villages, the Volga overflows and becomes very wide.

2240 km: the Tarlyk river flows from the left.

2257 - 2260 km: on the left bank, the village of Rivne.

2265 - 2268 km: on the right bank is the village of Zolote, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is the rock "Seven Brothers", on which, according to legend, the followers of Stepan Razin took refuge.

2297 km: on the right bank is the village of Belogorodskoye.

2300 km: Stepan Razin's cliff is located on the right bank - the first stop of the rebellious Razin people.

2303 km: Mount Durman rises on the right bank, where the guard posts of the Razints were located.

2315 km: on the right bank is the village of Shcherbakovka, below which the picturesque mountains of Stolbichi rise with many cliffs and unusual shapes: columns, stone pillars.

Volga in the Volgograd region ====

The Volga enters the territory of the Volgograd region below the village of Shcherbakovka (2320 km), although if you look along the left bank, the Volga crosses the border of the Volgograd region in the Cherebaevo region (2276 km)36. The length of the river in the Volgograd region is 240 km.

2303 km: on the left bank is the village of Krasny Yar.

2319 - 2321 km: the village of Ilovatka is located on the left bank.

2330 - 2333 km: on the left bank is the village of Kurnaevka.

2340 km: Yeruslan flows from the left (length 220 km) - the last large tributary of the Volga. The mouth of the river turned into a wide and long bay of the Volgograd reservoir.

2344 - 2346 km: on the right bank is the village of Nizhnyaya Dobrinka, 8 km east of which is Urakova Gora. According to legend, it was here that the hordes of Batu Khan crossed the Volga River and the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Russia began. Prior to the creation of the Volgograd reservoir, the Volga crossed the zero horizontal (sea level) in the area of ​​Nizhnyaya Dobrinka.

2375-2380 km: Kamyshin is located on the right bank, the city is located at the mouth of the Kamyshinka River - the right tributary of the Volga.

2380 - 2384 km: the settlement of Nikolaevsk is located on the left bank.

2398 - 2400 km: on the left bank is the village of Kislovo.

2407 km: Antipovka village is located on the right bank.

2410 - 2414 km: the village of Bykovo is located on the left bank.

2444 - 2445 km: on the right bank is the village of Gorny Balykley, opposite which, on the left bank, is the village of Upper Balykley.

2448 - 2450 km: on the left bank is the village of Niizhny Balykley.

2454 km: the village of Stepo-Razinskoye is located on the left bank.

2473 - 2476 km: on the left bank is the village of Primorsk.

2502 - 2505 km: the city of Dubovka is located on the right bank. Near the city, the Dubovka River flows into the Volga.

2514 km: the right tributary is the Pichuga River, at the mouth of which the village of Pichuga is located.

2528 - 2531 km: on the left bank is the city of Volzhsky, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is the dam of the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station (formerly the Stalingrad hydroelectric power station, from September 9, 1961 - the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station named after the XXII Congress of the CPSU) and the Volgograd hydroelectric complex, built in 1951 - 1962. The installed capacity of the HPP is 2,551 thousand kW, the average annual output is 11,100 million kW/h.38 After passing through the Volgograd junction, the Volga flows to Astrakhan in natural banks.

2532 km: on the left is the beginning of Akhtuba - the left arm of the Lower Volga (length 537 km). The interfluve of the Volga and Akhtuba is called the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. It lies within the Caspian lowland, its area is 1400 thousand hectares. Throughout its entire length, the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, which is 20–40 km wide, is cut through by numerous branches, channels, volozhkas, eriks, and has a lot of shallow lakes.

2532 - 2610 km: there are many large islands on the Volga, including Zeleny (2533 - 2537 km), Denezhny or Zaitsevsky (2535 - 2543 km), Crete (2543 - 2548 km), Golodny (2550 - 2558 km), Sarpinsky, Sareptsky (2568 - 2575 km), Popovitsky (2601 - 2608 km).

2533 - 2575 km: Volgograd stretches along the right bank with the Krasnoarmeisky district, where the Volga turns to the southeast. Opposite, on the left bank is Krasnoslobodsk (2547 - 2551 km). At Volgograd, the Volga Upland ends, the banks go down, and further south goes zone semi-deserts.

2577 km: the beginning of the Volga-Don navigable canal, opened in 1952 and connecting the Volga with the Tsimlyansk reservoir on the Don. The length of the canal is 101 km.

2594 - 2595 km: on the right bank is the village of Svetly Yar.

2608 - 2609 km: on the right bank is the village of Raigorod.

Volga in the Astrakhan region and Kalmykia

The Volga enters the territory of the Astrakhan region beyond the village of Raygorod, the length of the main channel of the Volga in the region is 550 km. Within the Astrakhan region, the Volga flows through the Caspian lowland.

2615 - 2980 km: there are many islands on the Volga and in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, including Korshevity (2640 - 2646 km), on which there is even a lake Sazanchiki, Saralevsky (2643 - 2660 km), Vyazovsky (2657 - 2661 km), Coal (2675 - 2679 km), Skrynnikov (2677 - 2682 km), Trenin (2682 - 2692 km), Upper Volovy, Volovy (2711 - 2714 km), Crimean Sands (2716 - 2720 km), Vyaznikovsky, Chernoyarsky (2742 - 2745 km), Oblivnoy (2773 - 2778 km), Grachevsky (2781 - 2788 km), Nikolsky, Prishibinsky (2817 - 2821 km), Tsagan-Amansky (2838 - 2842 km), Upper Kopanovsky (2842 - 2846 km), Enotaevsky (2887 - 2892 km), Shaposhnikovsky (2889 - 2903 km), Konstantinovsky (2911 - 2918 km), Selitrenny, Gusiny (2969 - 2979 km).

2622 km: Bulgakov village is located on the left bank.

2662 - 2667 km: on the left bank is the village of Sadovoe. Opposite, on the right bank is the village of Kamenny Yar (2664 - 2665 km). Below Kamenny Yar, Akhtuba almost comes close to the Volga. The floodplain between them is cut through by a wide Dairy duct (Volozhka).

2743 - 2745 km: on the right bank is the village of Cherny Yar.

2760 - 2762 km: on the right bank is the village of Salt Zaimishche.

2794 - 2796 km: on the right bank is the village of Nikolskoye, below which the zone of semi-deserts and deserts begins.

2824 km: on the right bank is the village of Vetlyanka, behind which a small section of Kalmykia begins at 2830 - 2831 km: the length of the Volga through the territory of the republic is only 12 km.

2834 - 2838 km: on the right bank is the Kalmyk village of Tsagan-Aman, and 1 km below the village of Tsagan-Bulg.

2850: on the right bank stands the village of Kopanovka, above which the territory of the Astrakhan region begins again.

2889 - 2991 km: on the right bank is the village of Enotayeka, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich the Enotaevsky branch begins.

2943 - 2944 km: on the right bank is the village of Volzhsky.

2949 km: on the left bank stands the village of Rechnoye.

2982 - 2984 km: on the left bank is the village of Baranovka.

2987 - 2988 km: on the right bank is the village of Verkhnelebyazhe, which is the border between the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta. Below the village, the first large branch of the delta - Buzan (at 2990 km) departs to the left.

The Volga delta occupies an area of ​​19 thousand km², the distance between the westernmost and easternmost branches is 170 km. The Volga Delta is divided into zones: upper, middle and lower. The upper and middle zones are small islands with a distance between them of 7 - 18 m. The lower one has an intensive branching of channels (about 800) and passes into a kulchut (semi-flooded) zone, consisting of many channels - shallow water bodies and spits with depths of 0.5 - 1.5 m. In the Volga delta (upper and middle zones), there are up to 500 branches, channels and small rivers. The main branches besides Buzan are Bakhtemir, Staraya Volga, Bolda, Akhtuba.40. In 1919, Astrakhan was created in the Volga Delta. state reserve(area 62.4 thousand hectares).

2990 - 2994 km: Astrakhan water divider (commissioned in 1977), blocking the Volga bed in such a way that 1/3 of the flow passes along the Volga, and 2/3 is directed along the Buzan River and floods the eastern part of the delta - the main breeding ground for semi-anadromous fish . The water divider consists of a reinforced concrete dam, shipping and fish passage locks, two spans with lifting gates and an earthen dam.

2994 - 2996 km: the city of Narimanov is located on the right bank.

3033 - 3034 km: on the right bank there is the village of Karantinnoye, 5 km to the west of which lies Lake Tinaki, where a mud treatment resort is located, opened in 1820

3035 - 3037 km: on the right bank is located the village of Privolzhsky, which is part of Astrakhan.

3038 km: The Volga is divided into three branches Trusovsky, City and the left branch Krivaya Bolda.

3039 - 3053 km: Astrakhan stretches along the Trusovsky and City branches. City Island (3039 - 3043 km) is located within the city. The central part of the city (located along the City sleeve) with the right-bank Trusovsky district (located along the Trusovsky sleeve) is connected by the Astrakhan road bridge built in 1989 (length 3536 m). Below Astrakhan, the Volga turns southwest.

3053 km: the left branch of the Kizan departs.

3060 km: the right branch of Bakhtemir departs. Through this branch and the Volga-Caspian Canal, navigation is carried out to the Caspian Sea.

3062 km: on the right bank is the Volga-Caspian settlement.

3070 - 3072 km: Nikolskoye is located on the right bank.

3077 km: the left branch of Kanych is separated.

3078 km: Khmelevka is located on the left bank.

3093 - 3097 km: on the left bank there is the village of Samosdelka, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich the right branch of Somovka is separated.

3100 - 3157 km: a number of small branches separate from the Volga, the river flows into the Caspian Sea, having become much shallower.

The most famous Volga landscape is the bell tower of St. Nicholas Cathedral in Kalyazin. When filling the Uglich reservoir, the cathedral and the bell tower fell into the flood zone, the cathedral built in 1694 was dismantled, and the bell tower of 1800 remained on the island and became the main attraction of the city.

Nizhny Novgorod Region. Volga near Chkalovsk. The shore of the Gorky reservoir

Volga is the longest European river, as well as one of the largest on the planet Earth, which is located in the European part of Russia and in Kazakhstan.

At the moment, the length of the Volga is approximately 3530 km, although before the construction of reservoirs on the river, it was somewhat longer - 3690 km.

The Volga got its name from the times of Russia and comes from the word "moisture".

Source

The source of the Volga River is located on the Valdai Upland, namely in the small village of Volgoverkhovye, in the Tver region. The river then passes through several large lakes. A special monument to the river was erected at the place of its source.

Historical characteristics

• For the first time, the Greek historian Herodotus spoke about the river. Then information about the Volga is found in the notes of the Persian king Darius, who described his campaigns against the Scythian tribes.
• Roman sources speak of the Volga as a "generous river", hence they gave it its name - "Ra".
• Arab researchers speak of the Volga as a "river of rivers, a great river."
• In Russia, the river is spoken of in the famous Tale of Bygone Years.
• Since the time of Russia, the Volga has been an important trading link - the artery where the Volga trade route. Through this path, Russia traded with the Arab countries, to a greater extent such goods: expensive oriental fabrics, metals, slaves, honey, wax. During Mongol invasion this trading region loses its priority and importance, but already in the 15th century it regains its former importance.
• After the conquest of the entire Volga basin, the flourishing of trade begins, the peak of which falls on the 17th century.
• Over time, a powerful river fleet appears on the Volga.
• In the 19th century, a whole army of barge haulers worked on the Volga, to which even a painting by the famous Russian artist I. a. During this period, huge supplies of salt, fish, and bread are transported along the Volga. Then cotton, and later oil, also joined these commodities.
• During the period, the Volga was almost the main strategic point, the control of which would provide the army with bread, as well as oil and the ability to quickly transfer its forces with the help of the fleet.
• When Soviet power was established in Russia, they began to use the river as a source of electricity, building hydroelectric power stations on it.
• During the Second World War, the Volga was the most important river for the USSR, as huge armies and food supplies were transferred through it. In addition, on one of the cities on the Volga - Stalingrad, the largest battle in history took place. The Volga is the key to the USSR, the German and Soviet command thought so, so the battles were especially fierce.
• Huge tracts of forests are located in the upper reaches of the Volga, and downstream along the Volga there are large sown areas and garden enterprises.
• The Volga basin produces huge reserves of oil and natural gas, which form the basis of the entire Russian economy.
• In some areas, potash salt, table salt is mined.

River mode

Like many other Russian rivers, the Volga is fed mainly by snow - about 60%, a small part becomes rain fed - only 10%, and groundwater feeds the Volga itself by 30%. Annual fluctuations in water levels vary in different regions. For example, in the Tver region it can reach 11 meters, in that Astrakhan - only 3 meters.

Volga river photo

The water in the river is warm, in summer, for example, it does not fall below 20-25 degrees Celsius. The river freezes at the end of November - in the upper reaches, and in the lower reaches already in December. In a frozen state, the river is from 100 to 160 days a year. Not uncommon on the Volga River big waves- about 1.5 - 2 meters. Because of this, breakwaters were installed in many ports.

Flora and fauna

The Volga River, as well as its largest tributary - the Kama, are a source of a huge amount of fish. Live in the river large populations the following types of fish: crucian carp, silver bream, pike perch, perch, ide, pike, catfish, burbot, ruff, sturgeon, bream and sterlet. Trout have recently been introduced into the rivers. In total, there are about 70 species of fish in the Volga.

Birds on the Volga River photo

Many species of birds settle in the Volga deltas: ducks, swans, herons, etc. Although the Volga is heavily polluted by industrial enterprises, quite rich aquatic vegetation (lotus, water lily, reed, water chestnut, etc.) is still preserved in it, especially in the bays.

Cities on the Volga River

The most important cities for the country are located on the Volga, among them many cities with a population of many millions. At the very bottom of the Volga lies the most important economic and industrial center of the Lower Volga region - the city of Astrakhan, with more than half a million inhabitants. Astrakhan is considered to be a port city.

Volga river. Astrakhan city photo

One of the most beautiful and most famous cities is the big city of Volgograd, formerly known as Stalingrad. The city has a heroic title, which he received during the Great Patriotic War (). The population of the city is slightly more than 1 million people. Even under the USSR, it was one of the most powerful economically developed cities in the country. Now the city is flourishing engineering, construction industry, metallurgy, energy industry.

Volga river. Volgograd city photo

One of the largest cities in terms of population on the Volga is the city of Kazan. Its population is more than 1 million, 200 thousand people. Kazan is one of the most powerful industrial centers of the Russian Federation. The basis of the industry of the city is mechanical engineering, petrochemical industry, aviation industry. An equally large city on the Volga is Nizhny Novgorod with a population of 1 million, 250 thousand people. Although, unlike the population of Kazan, here the population is not growing, but falling.

Volga river. Kazan city photo

There is a wide production of cars, ships of various classes and the production of weapons. Heavy industry is well developed in the city. Novgorod is also considered one of the main information centers big country. The next city to be noted is with a population of almost 1 million and 200 thousand people. Samara is an important center for mechanical engineering and heavy industry, and especially for the aviation industry.

Volga river. Nizhny Novgorod photo

The last city to be mentioned is the city of Tver with a population of just over 400 thousand people. Tver is the most developed in the machine-building and heavy industries. The food industry, as well as the chemical industry, is slightly less developed.

Tributaries of the Volga

Approximately 200 tributaries and most of of them are on the left side. The left tributaries are also much more abundant than the right tributaries. by the most major tributary Volga is the river Kama - the left tributary. Its length reaches 2000 km, which is more than half the length of the Volga itself. The beginning of the tributary takes on the Verkhnekamsk Upland.

Kama is distinguished by a huge number of small tributaries - in total their number reaches almost 74 thousand, and the lion's share of them (about 95%) are rivers up to 10 km long. As in the Volga, the Kama is fed mainly by snow. Water level fluctuations most often become from 6 to 7 meters.

Many hydrotechnical studies also indicate that the Kama is much older than the Volga, and that the Volga is a tributary of the Kama, and not vice versa. This is exactly what happened a few millennia ago. But the last glacial period and the construction of reservoirs on the Kama, seriously reduced its length.

The tributaries of the Volga:

• Oka;
• Sura;
• Tvertsa;
• Sviyaga;
• Vetluga;
• Unzha;
• Mologa and others.

Tourism on the river

The Volga is rightfully considered one of the most picturesque rivers in Russia, and therefore tourism is flourishing on it. The Volga makes it possible to visit as soon as possible a large number of ancient cities of the state.

Cruises along the Volga are the most common type of recreation on the Volga, as well as one of the most versatile, comfortable and relatively inexpensive. Such a cruise can last from several days to a whole month, which includes visiting the most beautiful cities and places of the country located along the Volga.

Tourism on the Volga River photo

The most favorable period for traveling along the Volga is the beginning of May to the end of September, when the weather is the warmest and most pleasant. The most convenient transport for traveling is a tourist boat, which has all the amenities for passengers, including: swimming pools, comfortable cabins high class, cinemas, library and so on. During the ship's entry into the city, tourists can easily book a tour of a particular city.

Payment for excursions can also be included in the property of the tourist tour itself, along with payment for the ship.

• On the tributary of the Volga - Kama is an annual sailing competition - one of the largest in Europe;
• The Volga River is the core of the entire Russian people in literature, often attributed to the river human qualities;
• The Volga appears in many literary and artistic works of Russian classics: Gorky, Nekrasov, Repin;
• Several famous films were made about the Volga feature films, including "Volga, Volga" in 1938, "A bridge is under construction" in 1965;
• The Volga is considered to be the "homeland of barge haulers", sometimes about 600 thousand barge haulers could work hard on it at the same time;
• The Volga is the largest river in Europe.